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MA123 Lab 5 Notes

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20 views1 page

MA123 Lab 5 Notes

Uploaded by

Ahmed Sohail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MA123 Lab Report 5 Notes

Vector Equation of a Line in R3 (similar for R2 ):


Given by !
x =!p + t!
v where !p is the position vector a point on the line, !
v is the direction of the line, and t 2 R:
Notes:

1. Given two points P (p1 ; p2 ; p3 ) and Q(q1 ; q2 ; q3 ) on the line, the direction vector for the line is then:
2 3 2 3 2 3
q p v
! 4 1 5 4 1 5 ! 4 1 5
PQ = q2 p2 = v = v2 :
q3 p3 v3

2. The parametric equations can be read directly from the vector equation and are:

x1 = p1 + tv1 ; x2 = p2 + tv2 ; x3 = p3 + tv3

3. When given two lines in R2 , to …nd the point of intersection between them do the following:

(a) Solve for one of the variables (e.g. y) in terms of the other variable in one of the equations
(b) Substitute the result in (a) into the remaining equation and solve for unknown variable.
(c) Substitute result in (b) into one of the original equations and solve for other unknown variable.

Example 1: Find a vector equation of line through P1 (1; 2; 3) and P2 = (4; 5; 6):
2 3 2 3 2 3
4 1 3
!
Direction Vector !
v = P1 P2 = 4 5 5 4 2 5 = 4 3 5
6 3 3
2 3 2 3
1 3
!
Vector Equation of Line: x = 4 2 5 + t 4 3 5 where t 2 R
3 3

Equations of a Plane in R3 :
3 2
a
!
1. Point-Normal Form: ! n P X = a(x x0 ) + b(y y0 ) + c(z z0 ) = 0 where ! n = 4 b 5 (the normal vector) is a vector
c
perpendicular to the plane and P (x0 ; y0 ; z0 ) is a point on the plane.

2. Standard Form (or Scalar Equation): Expand and collect like terms of the equation in a) to get ax + by + cz = d where
d = ax0 + by0 + cz0 .

3. Vector Equation: ! x =! p +t1 !


v1 +t2 !
v2 where !
p is the position vector of a point on the plane, f!
v1 ; !
v2 g is a linearly independent
set of vectors on the plane, and t1 ; t2 2 R:

Example 2: Find vector equation of plane through the points P1 (1; 1; 2); P2 (2; 3; 5), and P3 = (5; 6; 8):

Direction Vectors on Plane:


2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
2 1 1 5 1 4
! ! ! !
v 1 = P 1 P2 = 4 3 5 4 1 5 = 4 2 5 and v 2 = P1 P 3 = 4 6 5 4 1 5=4 5 5
5 2 3 8 2 6

2
3 2 3 2 3
1 1 4
Vector Equation of Plane: !
x = p~ + t1 !
v1 + t 2 !
v2 = 4 1 5 + t 1 4 2 5 + t 2 4 5 5
2 3 6

(To …nd standard form, …nd normal vector using cross product and then see 1. and 2. above)

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