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Lecture 1

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8 views12 pages

Lecture 1

Uploaded by

h7ussin3
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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‫جامعة بغداد‪ /‬كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة ابن الهيثم‪/‬قسم علوم الحاسبات‬

‫المرحلة االولى‪ /‬نظري‬


‫السنة الدراسية ‪2024-2023‬‬

‫‪Structured Programming‬‬
‫‪Lecture1 – Algorithms‬‬
Algorithm
Algorithm can be defined as: “A sequence of activities to be processed for
getting desired output from a given input”.

Then we can say that:


1. Getting specified output is essential after the algorithm is executed.
2. One will get output only if the algorithm stops after a finite time.
3. Activities in an algorithm to be clearly defined in other words for it to be
unambiguous
Algorithm
Before writing an algorithm for a problem, one should find out what is the:
• The inputs to the algorithm.
• The output after running the algorithm.

While writing algorithms we will use the following symbols for different operations:
• ‘+’ for Addition
• ‘-’ for Subtraction
• ‘*’ for Multiplication
• ‘/’ for Division
• ‘ ’ for assignment.
- For example A X*3 means A will have a value of X*3.
Examples of Algorithm

Example 1: Find the area of a Circle Algorithm:


of radius r. • Step1: Start
• Sol: Inputs to the algorithm: • Step2: Read\input the Radius r
of the Circle
• Radius r of the circle.
• Step3: Input PI 3.14
• Expected output: • Step4: Area PI*r*r //
• Area of the circle Algorithm. calculation of area
• Step5: Print Area
• Step6: End
Examples of Algorithm

• Example 2: Write an algorithm to Algorithm:


read two numbers and find their • Step1: Start
sum. • Step2: Read\input the first
• Sol: Inputs to the algorithm: num1.
• First num1. • Step3: Read\input the second
• Second num2. num2.
• Step4: Sum num1+num2 //
• Expected output:
calculation of sum
• Sum of the two numbers. • Step5: Print Sum
• Step6: End
Types of Algorithms
• The algorithm and flowchart, classification to the three types of control
structures. They are:
• 1. Sequence The sequence structure is the construct where one statement
is executed after another.
• 2. Selection The selection structure is the construct where statements can
be executed or skipped depending on whether a condition evaluates to
TRUE or FALSE.
• There are three selection structures in C:
• 1. IF
• 2. IF – ELSE
• 3. SWITCH
Types of Algorithms
• 3. Loop (Repetition) The repetition structure is the construct where
statements can be executed repeatedly until a condition evaluates to
TRUE or FALSE.
• There are three repetition structures in C:
• 1. WHILE
• 2. DO – WHILE
• 3. FOR
Examples of Algorithm
• Example 3: Write an algorithm to find the greater number between
two numbers
• Sol:
• Step1: Start
• Step2: Read/input A and B
• Step3: If A >= B then C A // A greater than or equal B
• Step4: if B >= A then C B // B greater than or equal A
• Step5: Print C
• Step6: End
Examples of Algorithm
• Example 4: Write an algorithm to find the average of any three
numbers.
• Sol: Step1: Start
• Step2: Read values of X, Y, Z
• Step3: S X + Y + Z
• Step4: A S / 3
• Step5: Print value of A
• Step6: End
Examples of Algorithm
• Example 5: Write an algorithm to find the largest value of any three
numbers.
• Sol:
• Step1: Start
• Step2: Read/input A, B and C
• Step3: If (A>=B) and (A>=C) then Max A
• Step4: If (B>=A) and (B>=C) then Max B
• Step5: If (C>=A) and (C>=B) then Max C
• Step6: Print Max
• Step7: End
Examples of Algorithm
• Example 6: Write an algorithm to calculate and print even numbers
between 0 and 99.
• Sol:
• 1. Start
• 2. I 0
• 3. Print I
• 4. I I+2
• 5. If (I <=98) then go to line 3
• 6. End
Exercises
• Q1: Write an algorithm to calculate even numbers between 9 and
100.
• Q2: Write an algorithm to calculate and print odd numbers between 1
and 95.
• Q3: Write an algorithm to find the sum of 50 numbers.
• Q4: Write an algorithm to find the value of A, B, C.
A=X +6Y
B=2X-A
C=A +XB
• Q5: Write an algorithm to print the series. 2,4,8,16,32………..1024.

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