TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM WITH FPGA

GROUP 15

Yakub Abdulmalik - EEG/2018/095

Ogunlowo Hamidat Opeyemi - EEG/2019/102

BALOGUN Idris Bolarinwa EEG/2018/032

YUNUS Mujahid Olalekan EEG/2018/096

as part of fulfillment of the requirements of:

EEE308 – Analog Circuits and Design

Under the Supervision of:

Dr. O.B Akinwale

1.0 INTRODUCTION

In recent days, the number of road vehicles moving on the street has been increasing

rapidly and that is caused by quite a few factors which will not be discussed in this report. This

rapid increase in road vehicles has led to some other problems in society. One of these problems

is the problem of traffic jams and road congestion. This has, therefore, called for the interest of

various engineers trying to proffer solutions to this environmental anthropogenic problem by

deploying different solutions of traffic light control systems. In this paper too, a simple

implementation of the Traffic Light Control System will be implemented. The project will be

kept simple because of the timeframe attached to the project. However, further developments can

be done on the project to ensure it is smarter and more capable of some sophisticated features.
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

Qaddari et Gadawe 2020, in an attempt to proffer a low-cost effective solution to

congestion, compared the implementation of a Traffic Light Control system on FPGA and

Arduino and concluded that FPGA could be fast but costly while Arduino on the other hand is

relatively slow but cheap.

Lamia et Mohamed 2023 deployed a real-time traffic light system based on density, and a

recognition system for Libyan license plates based on FPGA coupled with IR sensors, Machine

Learning and Image detection algorithms.

Mallik et al 2012 implemented a robust Traffic Light System which defines the states

with 3 binary bits, including a new idea of ‘Safe State’ which prevents unprecedented collisions.

The roads can be manually set to major and minor. Likewise, the timings of the system can be

changed prior to some statistical discovery. It also includes signals for Zebra-crossing. The

system was written in Verilog HDL, evaluated using the ISE 6.0 tool of Xilinx and VeriloggerPro

6.5, and implemented on Xilinx Spartan-2 FPGA (XC2S150).

Radha et al 2023 implemented an automated traffic light system on an FPGA with

Verilog HDL. The solution automated traffic regulation based on density of the road and this is

achieved with the use of IR sensors. The system was able to determine the amount of traffic and

increase the delay in that direction.

This project will, however, be based on a simple design of the Traffic Light Control

System with FPGA due to the timeframe assigned to the project.

3.0 METHODOLOGY

3.1 PSEUDOCODE

● The seven_seg_blinker() function takes four arguments: the clock signal refclk, the green

segment output seg_g, the red segment output seg_r, and the yellow segment output

seg_y.

● The function first initializes the variables active_seg and active_counter.

● The while True loop is the main loop of the function. It continuously executes the

following steps:

○ If the counter active_counter is greater than 0, it decrements the counter.

○ Otherwise, it switches to the next active segment and resets the counter.

● The segment_display() process is responsible for displaying the active segment on the

seven-segment display. It checks the value of the variable active_seg and sets the

appropriate outputs accordingly.

3.2 STATE DIAGRAM

Fig. 1: State Diagram

3.3 CODE:

The code for the project can be found at this GitHub repository:

https://github.com/Gbaysamm/TrafficLightSystem

3.4 VIDEO PRESENTATION

The presentation of this project working on the FPGA board can be found at this link:

https://youtu.be/Mf0mJaeM86M?si=Pv_CQK89Nbkt83K0
4.0 LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 Introduction

The Traffic Light Controller project successfully demonstrated the implementation of the

prototype of a functional traffic management system using digital design techniques. However,

like any project, it had its limitations and areas for improvement. This section of the report

outlines the limitations encountered during the project and provides recommendations for

enhancing the project's scope and impact with a longer timeframe.

4.2 Limitations

1. Limited Timeframe: One of the primary limitations of the project was the restricted timeframe

within which the development, implementation, simulation, and testing had to be carried out.

The project's tight schedule may have impacted the depth of exploration and refinement of

certain aspects of the design.

2. Simplified Scope: Due to the time constraints, the project might have had to limit its scope and

complexity. This could result in the exclusion of certain advanced features or optimizations that

could enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the traffic light control system.

3. Limited Real-world Testing: The project's implementation on a real-world FPGA kit might not

have had sufficient time for comprehensive real-world testing and validation. This could lead to

potential issues that could arise when the system is deployed in an actual traffic environment.

4.3 Recommendations

1. Extended Timeframe: Given a longer timeframe, the project could undertake a more

comprehensive exploration of various design approaches, simulation scenarios, and optimization

techniques. This would allow for a deeper understanding of the intricacies involved in traffic

management systems.

2. Advanced Features: With more time, the project could incorporate advanced features such as

adaptive traffic timing algorithms based on real-time traffic conditions, pedestrian detection,

emergency vehicle priority, and synchronization with nearby traffic lights.

3. Thorough Testing: An extended timeframe would enable rigorous testing of the system in both

simulated and real-world conditions. Comprehensive testing is crucial to identify and rectify any

potential glitches or issues that might arise during operation.

4. User Interface: A longer time frame could also permit the development of a user-friendly

interface for monitoring and controlling the traffic light system. This could include remote

monitoring, configuration adjustments, and data visualization.

5. Energy Efficiency: The project could explore energy-efficient design strategies, such as

utilizing low-power modes during off-peak hours or integrating renewable energy sources for

powering the system.

6. Real-world Deployment: Given more time, the project could collaborate with local authorities

to deploy a prototype of the traffic light controller in a controlled real-world environment. This

would provide valuable insights into the system's effectiveness and practicality.
5.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the presented project involving the Traffic Light Controller circuit was not

only successfully implemented but also simulated using the Quartus Prime Software.

Furthermore, it underwent successful hardware testing on the DE10 Lite FPGA Board. This

endeavor not only demonstrated the effective utilization of digital design principles but also

showcased the practical application of finite state machines in creating a functional and simple

prototype of traffic light control system. The successful simulation and hardware testing validate

the reliability and correctness of the implemented solution.

6.0 REFERENCES

1. S. L. Qaddori, N. T. Gadawe 2020 Real-Time Traffic Light Controller System based on FPGA

and Arduino IMDC-SDSP EAIDOI: 10.4108/eai.28-6-2020.2297938

2. Ali, Lamia Atif, and Mohamed Muftah Eljhani. "Design and Implementation of a Smart

Traffic Light System with Libyan License Plate Recognition on FPGA." 2023 IEEE 3rd

International Maghreb Meeting of the Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic

Control and Computer Engineering (MI-STA). IEEE, 2023.

3. Mallik, A., Kundu, S., & Rahman, M. A. (2023). An FPGA-Based Semi-Automated Traffic

Control System Using Verilog HDL. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.04716.

4. Radha, K., Bhargav, B., Akhil, C. C., Akshaya, C., Konda, C. K., & Lakshmi, A. N.

Implementation of Automatic Traffic and Street Light System Using Edge Artix-7 FPGA.

5. ChatGPT