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Turbo Final

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12 views3 pages

Turbo Final

Uploaded by

Pauli Teshome
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Turbomachinery Assignment

Group 4: Question 1

1. An axial flow hydraulic turbine operates with a head of 20 m at turbine entry


and develops 10 MW when running at 250 rev/min. The blade tip diameter is 3 m,
the hub diameter is 1.25 m, and the runner design is based upon a “free vortex.”
Assuming the hydraulic efficiency is 94%, the overall efficiency is 92%, and the
flow at exit is entirely axial, determine the absolute and relative flow
angles upstream of the runner at the hub, mean, and tip radii.
Given: Velocity Triangle
H ≔ 20 m
P ≔ 10 MW
Dt ≔ 3 m rt ≔ 1.5 m
Dh ≔ 1.25 m rh ≔ 0.625 m
ηh ≔ 0.94
ηo ≔ 0.92
N ≔ 250 rpm
kg
ρ ≔ 998 ――
m3
m
g = 9.807 ―
s2

Required:

Ÿ Absolute and relative flow angles upstream of the runner at the hub, mean and tip
radii. ( α and β at hub, mean, and tip radii )

Assumption:

Ÿ Runner design is based on free vortex, which lead to: rC θ = Constant


Ÿ Flow at exit is entirely axial, there is no tangential component of absolute velocity at
exit
Ÿ Constant axial velocity

Solution:
Solution:
Ÿ First let's determine the volume flow rate in order
to compute axial velocity component of absolute
velocity: 3
P m
Q ≔ ―――― Q = 55.53 ――
ηo ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ H s

- Let's determine the flow area to


compute axial velocity

π ⋅ ⎛⎝Dt 2 - Dh 2 ⎞⎠
A ≔ ――――― A = 5.841 m 2
4

Q m
Therefore: Cx2 ≔ ― Cx2 = 9.506 ―
A s

Ÿ Next let's determine the tangential velocity component of the


absolute velocity using specific work with blade velocity at the tip of
the runner:
N ⋅ Dt m
U2t ≔ ――= 39.27 ―
2 s
H m
Cθ2t ≔ ηh ⋅ g ⋅ ―― Cθ2t = 4.695 ―
U2t s

Ÿ Next let's determine the absolute and relative angles at the tip radii:

- From the velocity diagram it can be shown that:


Cθ2t ⎛ Cθ2t ⎞
tanα2t ≔ ―― Where; α2t ≔ atan ⎜―― ⎟
Cx2 ⎝ Cx2 ⎠

U2t ⎛ U2t ⎞
tanβ2t ≔ ―― - tanα2t Where; β2t ≔ atan ⎜―― - tanα2t⎟
Cx2 ⎝ Cx2 ⎠
Which results: α2t = 26.283 deg , β2t = 74.627 deg

Ÿ Let's determine the absolute and relative angles at the mean radii:

- From the assumption of free vortex we have relationship between


tangential component of absolute velocity and radius, where;
Cθ ⋅ r = Constant and Cx = Constant

⎛⎝rt + rh⎞⎠
rm ≔ ――― rm = 1.063 m
2
So, we have a relation of; Cθ2t ⋅ rt = Cθ2m ⋅ rm
⎛⎝rt + rh⎞⎠
rm ≔ ――― rm = 1.063 m
2
So, we have a relation of; Cθ2t ⋅ rt = Cθ2m ⋅ rm
rt
Cθ2m ≔ Cθ2t ⋅ ―
rm
- Also we have a relation for blade speed at different radial positions since the angular
U
velocity is constant; ―= Constant = Angular speed
r
rm
U2m ≔ U2t ⋅ ―
rt

Cθ2m ⎛ Cθ2m ⎞
tanα2m ≔ ―― Where; α2m ≔ atan ⎜――⎟
Cx2 ⎝ Cx2 ⎠

U2m ⎛ U2m ⎞
tanβ2m ≔ ―― - tanα2m Where; β2m ≔ atan ⎜―― - tanα2m⎟
Cx2 ⎝ Cx2 ⎠

Which results: α2m = 34.885 deg , β2m = 65.836 deg

Ÿ Let's determine the absolute and relative angles at the mean radii:

- By applying the above relations we can easily compute the velocity angles
at the hub of the turbine,
Cθ2t rt ⎛ Cθ2t rt ⎞
tanα2h ≔ ―― ⋅― , α2h ≔ atan ⎜―― ⋅ ―⎟ , α2h = 49.846 deg
Cx2 rh ⎝ Cx2 ,rh ⎠
⎛ U2t rh ⎞
β2h ≔ atan ⎜―― ⋅ ―- tanα2h⎟ β2h = 28.189 deg
⎝ Cx2 rt ⎠
Ÿ Velocity angle plot, shows how the angles change with the radius

⎛ 4.965 1.5 ⎞ ⎛⎛ 39.27 x ⎞ ⎛ 4.695 1.5 ⎞⎞


f ((x)) ≔ atan ⎜――⋅ ―― ⎟ g ((x)) ≔ atan ⎜⎜――⋅ ―― ⎟ - ⎜――⋅ ―― ⎟⎟
⎝ 9.506 x ⎠ ⎝⎝ 9.506 1.5 ⎠ ⎝ 9.506 x ⎠⎠

1.5
1.35
1.2
1.05
r ≔ 0.1 , 0.5 ‥ 2 0.9
0.75
f ((r))
0.6
0.45
0.3
g ((r))
0.15
0
1 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.4 3.7 4

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