CDI 8 – Drug Education and Vice Control 1|Page

DRUG
EDUCATION AND CONTROL

HONEY GRACE B. MICUBO

This is a gender-sensitive instructional material
CDI 8 – Drug Education and Vice Control 2|Page

VICE AND DRUG EDUCATION AND

CONTROL

CDI 8 (VICE AND DRUG EDUCATION AND CONTROL)

CDI 8 – Drug Education and Vice Control 3|Page

Vice and Drug Education and Control

All rights reserved by the author. No portion of this work may be copied or
reproduced in books, pamphlets, outlines or notes, whether printed, mimeographed,
typewritten, copied in different electronic devices or in any other form, for distribution or
sale, without the written permission from the author, except some terms with proper
citation from the writer.

ISBN:

First Edition, 2021

CDI 8 – Drug Education and Vice Control 4|Page

Preface

This school year 2020-2021, marked the significant paradigm shift of the style of
instruction in schools of higher learning inspired by outbreak of COVID – 19 Pandemic.
The government enforced provisional ban of face – to – face classroom instruction in
schools in order to protect the health and safety of students and teachers. In effect,
higher education institutions through the instructors and professors who are stirred by
their resolved commitment to provided education to the students, adopt a new scheme
of instruction called ―Google Classroom‖ or ―Modular Instruction‖.

The new scheme of instruction carts the instruction outside the classroom walls
to community or home milieu and drives instructors and professors in higher learning
institution to produce instructional material that caters the need of the students for
continued education. Thus, the module entitled ―Vice and Drug Education and Control‖
is designed. The module contained topics such as Substance abuse and vice control,
Causes and influence of drug abuse, understanding drug problem, approaches to the
drug problems and law enforcement approach on drug problem and salient features of
R.A.9165 as well as learning activities and assessment tools.

Graduates of the course Bachelor of Science in Criminology may not only land to
police job. They may be employed in the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA).
For this reason, the contents in the module are very indispensable to advance the skills
criminology students in recognition, nature and extent of drug problems; causes and
influence of drug abuse; origin, identification and classification of commonly abused
drugs, prohibited and regulated drugs and symptoms of drug abuse. This course also
includes preventive drug abuse education and information program in schools and
communities; and treatment and rehabilitation program for drug dependents. Drug and
investigating drug or drug which eventually get them ready for drug related jobs or
works.

The module is not a book. Nonetheless, it is a brief study guide or a self –

instructional material intended for modular instruction only. It is designed for use
exclusively by criminology students in the College of Criminal Justice Education (CCJE)
of Jose Rizal Memorial State University for FREE and NOT FOR SALE.
 CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 6Page

Table of Contents

Title page 1

Copyright Page 3

Preface 4

Acknowledgment 5

Unit 1 Substance Abuse and Vice Control 7

Unit2 Terms and Drug Abuse Jargons 26

Unit 3 Causes and Influence of Drug Abuse 58

Unit 4 Approaches to Drugs Problems 79

Unit 5 Law Enforcement Approach on Drug 93

Problem AND Salient Features of
R.A 9165
References 113
Appendices 117
Glossary of Terms 123
Key Answers 129
Users Evaluation Form 130
About the Author 131
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 7Page

UNIT 1 – SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND VICE CONTROL

In reality, alcohol is the world‘s number one drug

problem. Indications are that the Worlds Health Organization
(WHO) estimates that there are about 2 billion people
worldwide who consume alcoholic beverages and 76.3
million with diagnosable alcohol use disorders. Alcohol is
estimated to cause about 20-30% of esophageal cancer,
liver cancer, cirrhosis of the liver, homicide, epileptic
seizures, and motor vehicle accidents worldwide.

In the case of smoking vice, tobacco use continues to

be one among the leading causes of deaths. In the United
States alone, smoking is the leading preventable cause of
death causing nearly 440,000 deaths each year and
resulting in an annual cost of more than $75 billion in direct
medical cost.

At the end of this unit, you will be able to:

 Identify the relevant considerations in understanding the

general concepts of vices and drug problems.

Pretest
True or False

Directions: On the space provided before each item, write TRUE if the
statement is factual and FALSE when it is erroneous.

1.Alcohol is a narcotic.
2.The intoxication of an offender is taken into
consideration as a mitigating circumstance when the
offender has committed a felony in a state of intoxication
but not habitual and not subsequent to commit said
felony.
3.The game of ―jueteng‖ is punishable as an act
of gambling under Philippine law.
4.Gambling is a crime of against property.
5.According to health experts, the withdrawal symptoms of
tobacco smoking usually occur within 4 hours of non-
smoking.

Thank you for answering the test. The next section is the content of this unit. It
contains vital information about the Substance Abuse and Vice Control. Please read the
content.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 8Page

Content

ALCOHOL

Importance

Alcohol is one of the oldest intoxicants known to man.

Ever since there has been a continuous effort,
everywhere, to control its consumption because of its
devastating effects on human life. Many countries all over
the world have tried prohibition ban with little success.

In the Philippines, it has been observed that the most

persons involved in cases of physical assault are under
the influence of alcohol. Likewise, victims of assault too
are under the influence of liquor. Furthermore, alcohol has
adversely influenced the rate of road accidents. Drunk
drivers cause majority of these accidents. The chances of
an intoxicated driver causing an accident are about fifty
times more than that of a sober driver (Sharma, 1977).

The crime involving alcohol, directly or indirectly is

increasing at a terrific rate. The police and the judiciary
should, therefore, understand the mechanics of alcohol, its
nature, effects, detection and estimation, to deal effectively
with crimes involving liquors.

Nature and Property

Alcohol is a colorless, tasteless clear liquid. It boils at

78.4 degrees Celsius. It has a pleasant odor and gives a
burning sensation to the mouth, esophagus and stomach.
Like many drugs, alcohol is toxic. It can poison the human
body if taken in large amounts or in combination with other
drugs. Alcohol is depressant not a stimulant.
There are two kinds of alcohol- methyl and the ethyl
alcohol. Methyl alcohol is very poisonous and is not put in
drinks but is use in some industries. Ethyl alcohol is used
in alcoholic drinks, which are made by breweries. The
fermentation occurs when germs called yeast act on
sugars in food to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide.
Fermented brews and spirits contain different amounts of
alcohol. The amount in beer is less than in other drinks. It
varies from 2.5 % to 8% in different countries.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 9Page

The Common Alcoholic Drinks

Beers- They contain 2 to 6 percent alcohol, e. i beer, ale, stout.

Wines – They contain about 10 percent alcohol, e i. champagne
hock.
Fortified Wines- Liquors that contains 10 to 20 percent alcohol,
e.i port- sherry, others.
Spirits- liquors that contain 40 to 60 percent alcohol, e.i
. Whiskey, brandy, rum, gins.

Types of Drinkers

Occasional Drinker – drinks on special occasions or uses alcohol

as a home remedy, takes only a few drinks per year.
Frequent Drinker – drinks at parties and social affairs. Intake of
alcohol may be onece a week or occasionally reaches three or
four times per week, uses beverages to release inhibitions and
tensions.
Regular Drinker – may drink daily or consistently on weekends,
usually comes from cultural background whrer wine or beer is
udes with with meals to enhance the flavor of the food.
Alcohol Dependent- drinks to have good time, excessive
drinking occurs occationally but drinker may not become
alcoholic.
Alcoholic- has lost control of his use of alcohol. Alcohol assumes
primary goal in his life, even to the exclusion of physical health
and interest of family and society in general.

Usual Motives for Drinking

Traditional – social and religious functions.

Status- symbol of success and prestige.
Dietary- dinning incomplete without wine, integral part of
today’s way of “gracious living”.
Social- release tensions and inhibitions so user can tolerate and
enjoy another’s company.
Shortcut to Adulthood – user unsure of maturity, so he drinks
to prove himself.
Ritual- fosters group feeling, cocktail parties, toast made to
brides, wishes for good health.
Path of least Resistance- doesn’t want to drink but doesn’t
want to abstain so goes along with everyone else.

EFFECTS PF ALCOHOL ON THE DRINKER

General Effects on the Body

CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 10 P a g e

Alcohol is a narcotic. That is, it has a depressant effect on the

system. Likewise, the following are the general effects of
alcohol as to proper order.

Euphoria – feeling of well being, increase confidence, temporary

relief from fatigue, pain or depression.
Muscular in coordination – depression of motor functions and
causes greater dulling of the brain that controls inhibitions. The
person may become hilarious morose, irritable or excitable
without proper cause. He may suffer from slurred speech and
staggering gait.
Respiratory Paralysis- If more liquor is consumed the paralysis
of the respiratory centers sets in. The person may suffer from
complete in coordination of muscles, breathing, sleep, coma,
and death.

However, these effects vary from person to person and

depending on the factors of absorption, tolerance,
concentration of alcohol, and the number of hours of drinking.
Other general effects include:

Fatal Dose – the fatal dose of liquor of an ordinary person is

about 200 to 50 ml of absolute alcohol (for adults) and about 50
ml onward for children.
Fatal Period – the fatal effects of alcohol may appear with in 10
to 24 hours. But in some cases, death may take place even after
a number of days.
Alcoholic Allergy –. some persons are allergic to alcoholic
drinks. The drinks may cause them to be mad and they behave
like maniacs under the influence of liquor.

Effects on Brain and the Central Nervous System

The nervous are like telephone wires coming out of the

control system in the brain and the spinal cord. They send and
receive messages from all parts of the body. Alcohol slows down
the work of the brains cells and stops proper messages being
sent to the rest of the body. Alcohol stops people behaving
correctly to other people. They may say do whatever comes first
into their minds. They may say things that do not make sense or
behave rudely to others. They may also have feelings of
increased personal or social power. After heavy drinking, and
when the pain killing effects of the alcohol are removed, the
person may suffer from a hangover.. A hangover is the word
used to describe the terrible pain and horrible effects, which
follow a period of heavy drinking.

Effects on the Stomach and Intestines

CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 11 P a g e

Alcohol damages the stomach and intestines and makes them

sore. This can cause a burning sensation, nausea and vomiting.
Sometimes there is bleeding.

Effects on the Liver

The first thing the liver does is to turn part of the

alcohol into fat. Some of this goes into the blood, but a lot
builds up in the liver cells. After drinking six (6) medium-sized
glasses of beer everyday for a few days fat is formed in the
liver, the liver becomes larger. As the liver enlarges, it changes
the way other drugs and medicines work in the body. So it can
be dangerous to take medicines with alcohol.

Effects on the Heart and Muscles

Alcohol affects the heart and other muscles so that they

become weaker and less effective. This makes people tired and
breathless.

Effects on the Blood

The activity of the liver trying to get rid of the alcohol

results in many changes to the blood – for example – blood
sugar is lowered and blood fats are increased.

Effects on the Kidneys

Alcohol decreased the ability of the kidneys to get rid of

some waste products.

Effects on Sexual Functions

After the excessive use of alcohol, the ability to have

satisfactory sexual activity is decreased.

Effects on General Health

Malnutrition: The illness that occurs when a person

doesn’t have enough food to eat or eats the wrong kind of food.
The person who drinks alcohol may suffer from malnutrition
because he spends his time, money and energy in drinking. He
may not eat the proper foods. Drinking alcohol decreases a
person’s desire to eat. Alcohol burns the stomach and bowel so
that food eaten is not used well by the body. If the liver is
damaged m some important vitamins are not produced.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 12 P a g e

EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ABUSE ON THE COMMUNITY

Because drinking affects people’s behavior, it has

affects on the community as a whole.

Home: Heavy drinkers take money needed for food,

clothes and furniture. This causes debts. Husbands and wife
fight and accuse each other of being unfaithful. There will be
often be sexual problems. Children are badly treated and badly
fed. And drinking makes people lazy and they may not go to
work. Women may have to steal food to feed their families.

Friends: The heavy drinker will often fight with his

friends and may even kill people.

Work: The heavy drinker often does not go to work

because he feels sick. He sometimes works badly and hurts
himself or others.

Play: Heavy drinkers have a bad effect on sportsmen.

Because alcohol affects the brain, the drinker cannot control his
arms and legs well. A sportsman who has been drinking cannot
play well, as he should.

Roads: The driver has lost his judgment; he is careless

and takes risks. Accidents result. A person who is drunk may
walk onto the rouad and be killed by a motor vehicle.

Crime: excessive drinking is the biggest cause of crime.

Peoplebecomeaggressive, fight, break into houses and stela.
Economy and the Nation: The economy is badly
affected when people do not go to work and production falls.
Heavy demands are made on health services, the police force
and correctional institutions. Alcoholism is burden to the
government.

ALCOHOL DEPENDENCY

The use of alcohol has created major social, economic

and health problem nationwide – an ironic consequence of
ineffective government controls.Many Filipinos have developed
alcohol dependence or abuse, a pattern of continuous drinking
that may lead to addiction and almost always causes severe
problems.
Alcohol abuse or dependence is commonly referred to
as Alcoholism. Alcoholism is also called problem drinking. The
stage when a person has the difficulty of quitting from the habit
of alcohol drinking. This means he cannot live without it. If he
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 13 P a g e

tries to stop drinking, he will have the shivers and shakes and
feels very bad symptoms. He may also experience acute anxiety
of fear, delirium and hallucinations.

ALCOHOL ABUSE CONTROL

With the aforementioned devastating effects of alcohol,

therefore, it must be controlled. Solely treating people with
medication cannot control problem drinking and alcoholism.
Treatment should be coupled with the proper education both in
the schools and in the adult community to develop the nation
habits of moderation in the use of alcoholic beverages. It
requires investigation and testing of social policies on the
control of the distribution of alcohol as well as the effective
implementation of these prevention policies.

Legal Control

Intoxication

Under the law is an Alternative Circumstances.

Alternative circumstances are those which must be taken into
consideration as aggravating or mitigating circumstances
according to the nature and effects of the crime and the other
conditions attending its commission. The intoxication of the
offenders taken into consideration as a mitigating
circumstances when the offender has committed a felony in a
state of intoxication, if the same is not habitual or subsequent
to the plan to commit said felony. On the other hand, when
intoxication is habitual or intentional or subsequent to commit
the felony, it shall be considered as an aggravating
circumstances.( Art. 15. Revised Penal Code).

Liquor as a Volatile Substance

Under P.D. 1619, sale and offer to sell to minors of

liquors or beverages with alcoholic content of 30% or above is
punishable by 6 months and one day to 4 years imprisonment
and a fine of P 600.00 pesos to P 4000.00 pesos.

Social Control

Social control of alcoholism comes in varied means like

education and awareness, community activities, and individual
or group therapies. Today, one of the numerous programs for
alcoholics is the religious means of Alcoholics Anonymous.

Alcoholics Anonymous
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 14 P a g e

It is a practical approach to the problem of alcoholism

which has met a considerable success. It is an organization that
operates in a nonprofessional-counseling program in which
both person-to-person and group relationships are
emphasized. It accepts both teenagers and adults with drinking
problem, has no fees or dues, does not keep records or case
histories, does not participate in political causes, and is not
affiliated with any religious sect, although spiritual
development is the key aspect of its treatment approach. To
ensure the anonymity of the alcoholic, only first names are
used. Meetings are devoted partly to social activities, but
consist mainly on discussion of the participant’s problems with
alcohol, often with testimonials from those who have
recovered from alcoholism and how did they face it.

Medical Control

Alcoholism can be treated through biological measures

ranging from detoxification procedures to brain surgery.
However, it is more practical for alcoholics to undergo medical
measures of detoxification.

Detoxification

It is the elimination of alcoholic substances from the

individual’s body; treatment of the withdrawal symptoms; and
on medical regimen for physical rehabilitation. These can be
handled in a hospital or clinic, where drugs such as
Chlordiazepoxide, have largely revolutionized the treatment
withdrawal symptoms. Likewise, the drug Disulfiram (Antabuse)
can create uncomfortable effects when followed by alcohol and
may be administered to prevent an immediate return to
drinking (Coleman, 1980).

Alcohol Investigation

Illicit Liquors

Through search of the premises especially cattle sheds,

unfrequented places, ravines and jungles is necessary to locate
unauthorized stills and storages Collection of evidences includes
the collection of the paraphernalia, fingerprints and tool marks.

Evidence of Intoxication

Intoxication may have to be established in cases of

deaths, in offenses against person, in motor vehicle accidents
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 15 P a g e

and in cases where diminish responsibility is claimed as a

defense. Evidences of intoxication require the collection of
samples of bloods, urine, saliva or breath each whenever
possible, and other body fluids for laboratory examinations.

Examination for Intoxication

Intoxication in identified through various means like

physical test, alcohol analysis, and medical examination. In
medical examination, the investigator should consider smell of
breath, state of clothing, general demeanor, speech, eyes, walk,
memory, breathing, and tremors of the extremities.

TABOCC0 (Smoking Vice)

The tobacco plant, scientifically known as Nicotiana

Tabacum, is a plant grown for its leaves, which are smoked,
chewed, or sniffed for variety of effects. Tobacco is considered
addictive because it contains the addictive chemical Nicotine.
Sniffing and chewing tobacco originated in North America and
Europe. It was Christopher Columbus who introduced tobacco
in Europe. It became then popular with the Portuguese,
Spanish, French, British, and Scandinavians.

Tobacco Smoking

The use of tobacco is one of the foremost public health

problems in the world today. Tobacco had for centuries been
used all over the world as a way of I creasing the enjoyment of
life or as an aid in coping with some of its problem.

The World Health Organization estimates that around the world

one person dies every 13 seconds from tobacco-related
diseases.

Doctor’s cite 50,000 scientific studies from various independent

bodies that have proved beyond doubt that smoking is
responsible for around 90% of all cases of lung cancer, 95% of
all cases of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and 25% of
heart conditions in men under 65 years of age.

The World Health Organization Advisory Panel on Smoking and

health estimates that at least two million of 30 million Filipinos
under 20 years of age today will eventually be killed by smoking.
Smoking threatens not only the adults, but also children- born
and unborn.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 16 P a g e

The Philippines Obstetrical and Gynecological Society noted that

premature in infants of mothers who smoke is the three times
more common than in mothers. Spontaneous abortion is
likewise more common in smoking mothers.

Too often, the smoking habit begins in the early teens or even
earlier. Becoming a smoker may have the immediate value to
some teenagers of being accepted by their peers, feeling more
mature because smoking is an adult behavior to the child
providing level of psychological stimulation and pleasure and
might even serve the function of an act of defiance to authority
figures.

Tobacco Chemicals

The three mist common components of tobacco

cigarettes and cigarette smoke are:

Nicotine – It is the most important active ingredients in

controlled dose. It is an extremely toxic substance. A typical
cigarette contains 1-2 mg of nicotine.
Carbon Monoxide – a poisonous gas similar to the gas that
emanates from a car’s exhaust pipe.
Tar – the brownish viscous substance known to be the cancer-
causing component of tobacco smoking. It also stains the
fingers, teeth, and tongue of the smoker.

The other chemicals found in tobacco are Acetone, Ammonia,

Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Cyanide, Methane, and Benzopyrene.

EFFECTS OF TOBACCO SMOKING

The effects of tobacco smoking consist primarily of ill

health and of human suffering. Necessary, the productivity of
the work force, the need for medical care and other variables
are affected. Thus, smoking impairs society’s total well-being
and poses substantial economic loss to the nation.

Effects on the Cardiovascular System

Increases in heart attack risk with amount smoke:

Increases heart rates 15-25 beats with one to two cigarette;
Constricts small arteries causing higher blood pressure;
Increases chance of developing peripheral, vascular diseases;
Causes carbon monoxide from smoke to rob oxygen carrying
potential of blood; Causes increase of free fatty acids in blood
which may be related to heart attack.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 17 P a g e

Effects on the Respiratory System

Increases risks of developing lung cancer tenfold for the

average of one pack a day smoker; increases lung cancer risk
with amount, with length of time smoked and early age starting;
major factor identified in the development of lung cancer; only
one in twenty lung cancer victims is saved from death per year;
lung cancer deaths slightly exceed traffic deaths per year;

Smoking is also a major cause of chronic bronchitis;

increases risk of dying of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
about six fold; tends to paralyze bronchial cilia and stimulate
production of mucus; eventually destroys ciliary structure
cleansing system predisposing to respiratory infections;
increases in abnormal cell growth in bronchial tube walls with
increases in basal cell layers and thickening; causes closing of
the bronchi, and reduce effective breathing space.
Effects on the Reproductive System

Women who smoke during pregnancy increase the risk

of still birth and prenatal mortality; and the child physical and
intellectual is delayed; Women who smoke causes menopause
in early age that in normal; Male smokers. Penile arteries
become constricted bringing about slower erection time,
impotence in 1 in 4 heavy smokers versus 1 in 12 non-smokers.
Smoking fathers may beget children who may suffer from brain
tumor, leukemia and other abnormalities due to decreased
number of spermatozoa.

Effects to Mortality and Morbidity

Due to the increase cancer of the larynx, the mouth,

bladder and the esophagus; Increase in ulcer deaths, death
from cirrhosis; Increase in kidney problems; Greater incident of
infant pre-maturity and mortality; Life expectancy is expected
to reduce by about 14 minutes per cigarette smoked.

Sign/Symptoms of Nicotine Withdrawal

Withdrawal symptoms begin as soon as 4 hours one

decides to quit smoking or after the last cigarette, generally
peak in intensity at three to five days, and disappear within two
weeks. Symptoms start with headache, anxiety, irritability,
tremors, poor concentration, and hunger pains. Other signs and
symptoms include insomnia and depression, sweating,
constipation and diarrhea.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 18 P a g e

Benefits of Quitting Tobacco Smoking

Chronologically, the following are benefits that one can

derive from quitting or not smoking tobacco cigarettes.

Within 20 minutes, the blood pressures and pulse rate drop to

normal, the body temperature of the hands and feet returns to
normal.
Within 8 hours, the carbon monoxide level in the blood drops to
normal and the oxygen level in the blood increases to normal.
Within 24 hours, the risk of sudden heart attack decreases.
Within 48 hours, the nerve ending begin to regenerates and a
person’s ability to smell and taste begin to return to normal.
Within 2 weeks to 3 weeks, blood circulation improves and lung
function increases to 30%.
Within 1 to 9 months, over all energy increases- signs and
symptoms of coughing, nasal congestion, fatigue and shortness
of breath are markedly reduced. Natural cleansing mechanism
of the respiratory tract returns to normal so that the body is
able to handle mucus, clean the respiratory tract, and prevent
respiratory infections.
Within 1 year, risk of coronary heart disease is reduced by 50
%.
Within 5 years, the risk of dying from lung cancer is reduced by
50 percent.
Within 10 years, the risk of dying from lung cancer, stroke and
heart attack is same as that of a non-smoker.

Other goodness in quitting smoking includes having fresh-

smelling hair and clothes, saving money, and most of all setting
a good example to your children and friends.

Measures to reduce Smoking

Government support of anti-smoking campaign

demonstrates commitment to the eradications of health
problems related to smoking and public influences and attitudes
to smoking.

Successful programs to reduce the prevalence of

tobacco use by young people need a combination of legislative
measures and health education including:

Prohibition of sales in minor

Prohibition of smoking in schools and other places frequented
by the young
Restriction on advertising and promotion of tobacco products
especially those aimed at young people
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 19 P a g e

Health education at both primary and secondary levels of

schools
Use of fiscal policies to increase the price of tobacco products
Health warnings on cigarette packets
Collaboration with the media to deglamorize the image of the
smoker.

Tips to Stop Tobacco Smoking

Even through tobacco is very addictive, millions of

smoker have broken free from the chain of smoking. Here are
some tips to stop smoking:

Get ready to break – Decide what you want to be free from

smoking.
Prepare Physically – be like an athlete in training.
Prepare Mentally – mentally rehearse how you will act when
you stopped smoking.
Prepare Socially - politely avoid smoking and drinking friends,
family members or office parties.
Prepare Spiritually - think the goodness of setting examples to
others.
Keep a Record – during the next 24 to 48 hours, keep all
cigarettes away from you and you can do it in the next 48 hours
and so on.
Set the break Free Date- have celebration by throwing away
cigarettes, ashtrays, lighters and anything else you have
associated with smoking.
Prepare for a slip or Relapse- review all the benefits of a smoke
free life style better health, money saved, more social activities,
etc.
Plan for the Big Victory – affirm you self respect and awareness
by calculating money you saved and spend it on something
meaningful to you.
Ensure Long Term Success- Help others to stop smoking because
it will reinforce your desire.

THE GAMBLING VICE

Gambling is usually defined as wagering on games or

events in which chance largely determines the outcome.

Gambling

It is vice that is difficult to control. Although the

behavior pattern known as pathological or compulsive gambling
does not involve chemically addictive substance, still is
considered as a addictive behavior because of the personality
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 20 P a g e

attributes that tends to characterize the individual and the

similar treatment problems involved. It also involves behavior
maintained by short-term gains despite long-term disruption of
the individual’s life.

What behind Gambling as a vice?

Pathological gamblers continue to play vividly despite

the awareness that the odds are against the, and despite the
fact that they are rarely or never repeat their early success. To
stake their gambling they often dissipate their savings, neglect
their families, default on bills, and borrow money from friends
and even loan. Eventually they resort to writing bad checks,
embezzlement, corruption and other illegal means of obtaining
money, feeling sure that their luck will change and that they will
be able to repay what they have taken. Whereas others view
their gambling as unethical and disruptive, they are likely to see
themselves as taking calculated risks to build a lucrative
business. Often they feel alone and resentful that others do not
understand their activities (Coleman, 1980).

Reasons for Controlling Gambling

Gambling should be controlled for the following

reasons:

It is crime, against public morals.

It promotes broken family and bad neighborhood.
It causes poverty, dishonesty. Fraud and deceit to man.
It strengthens organized crimes.
To prevent, reduce or control crimes connected with it.

GAMBLING CONTROLS

At all cost, gambling must be controlled in order to

minimize the number of the group of people tended to be
rebellious and unconventional who do not seem to fully
understand the ethical norms of the society.

Legal Control

The Revised Penal Code of the Philippines punishes

gambling. Article 195 of this law penalize any person who, in
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 21 P a g e

any manner shall directly or indirectly take part of any game of

scheme, the result of which depend wholly or chiefly upon
chance with money or articles of monetary value at stake.
Likewise, the law also punishes any person who knowingly
permitting any of the gambling to be carried out in any place,
building or vessel or other means of transportation owned or
controlled by the accused. Furthermore, the law punishes
maintainers, conductors, or bankers in the game of jueteng or
any similar game.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy in gambling is an approach based on

some findings that pathological gamblers marital relationship is
generally chaotic and turbulent, with the spouse frequently
showing seriously maladaptive patterns also.

Pathological gamblers who want to change may find

help through membership in Gamblers Anonymous, which is
modeled through the Alcoholics Anonymous.

Thank you for reading the

content. Now that you had learned
about the Substance and Vice
Control, do the succeeding learning
activities.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 22 P a g e

Learning Activity No. 1

Multiple Choice
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer from
the given choices in each item.

1. Alcohol is one of the oldest intoxicants known to man.

Alcohol is a colorless, tasteless clear liquid. It‘s boiling
point is:

a) 82.4 degrees Celsius

b) 78.4 degrees Celsius
c) 180 degrees Celsius
d) 88.2 degrees Celsius

2. Alcohol has a pleasant odor and gives a burning sensation

to the mouth, esophagus and stomach. As to effects,
alcohol is a drug classified as:

a) Stimulant
b) Depressant
c) Hypnotic
d) Inhalant

3. The poisonous substance of alcohol which cannot be

mixed with alcoholic beverages but usually used in some
industries is:

a) Methyl Alcohol
b) Ethyl Alcohol
c) Brewery
d) Ethylene

4. What kind of alcohol is used in alcoholic drinks?

a) Methyl Alcohol
b) Ethyl Alcohol
c) Brewery
d) Ethylene

5. Champagne and hock are alcoholic drinks called wines;

Whiskey are:

a) 2 to 6 percent alcohol
b) 10 to 20 percent alcohol
c) 40 to 60 percent alcohol
d) 80 to 90 percent alcohol
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 23 P a g e

6. Champagne and hock are alcoholic drinks called wines;

Whiskey are:

a) Beers
b) Spirits
c) Fortified wines
d) Gins

7. A person who has lost control over the use of alcohol and
he assumes alcohol use is the primary goal in his life, even
to the exclusion of physical health and interest of family
and society in general is considered as:

a) Alcohol dependent
b) Alcoholic
c) Frequent drinker
d) Irregular drunkard

8. When a person drink alcoholic drinks as a symbol of

success and prestige, the motive of drinking is:

a) Traditional
b) Social
c) Status
d) Ritual

9. The first general effect of alcohol when taken into the

physiological system of the body is the feeling of well being
which is commonly known as:

a) Release of fatigue
b) Euphoria
c) Muscular tension
d) Stomach cramps

10. When more liquor is consumed, the physical body may

suffer from complete in coordination of muscles stertorous
breathing, sleep and coma. We call this alcoholic effect as:

a) Brain paralysis
b) Respiratory paralysis
c) Stomach cramps
d) Alcoholic allergy
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 24 P a g e

Learning Activity No. 2

Identification
Directions: Identify the word or term being described,
defined or referred to by the statements by filling the
blanks provided before each statement.

1.What kind of alcohol that cannot use as a

component/substance in the
making of alcoholic beverages but are useful in other
industries?
2.What type of drinker are those who drink in
a consistent or daily basis?
3.What is the most important active
ingredient of tobacco that promotes smoking addiction.
4.What do you call the state of physical and
psychological dependence on the use of tobacco through
smoking?
5.It refers to the pattern of continuous
alcohol drinking that leads to alcohol dependency.

Thank you for completing the task.

And now, you are ready for the assessment.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 25 P a g e

ASSESSMENT

Essay Type:
Directions: Briefly discuss your answers on the questions
below:

1. What is Alcoholism?
2. Who are the usual alcohol drinkers? What are their
common motives?
3. What are the general effects of alcohol abuse?
4. Describe the major chemical found in tobacco.
5. What are the signs and symptoms of withdrawal tobacco
use?
6. What are the benefits of quitting smoking?
7. Give some tips of quitting smoking?
8. What is gambling?
9. Is gambling addictive? Why?
10. What are the reasons of controlling gambling?

You had just completed this Unit.

You are now ready to take Unit 2.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 26 P a g e

UNIT 2 – Terms and Drug Abuse Jargons

Jargons, in the context of this study,

are slang terms used by users in order to
hide the meaning of their words, language
or conversation against law enforcement
authorities or from other people. There are
so many jargons used by drug abusers,
depending on the kind of group they belong
(e.g.gang, country state, or race), but the
following are some of the common drug
abuse jargons (extracted from

At the end of this Unit, you will be able to:

 Familiarize with the drug abuse jargons, terminologies
related to vice, drug education and control
 Define drugs and distinguish drugs according to origin.
 Explain how drugs are administered and how drugs work in
human system.
 Analyze the nature of drugs by distinguishing their sources,
pharmacology and effects.

PRETEST

True or False
Directions: On the space provided before each item, write
TRUE if the statement is factual and FALSE when it is
erroneous.

1. Total ban of opium in the Philippines took

effect during the Japanese occupation.
2. Opium use in China stemmed out from
Columbia and Peru.
3. Friedrich Serturner discovered the drug opium as
an analgesic drug.
4. The drug codeine was derived from heroin through
chemical process.
5. The morphine drug was called ―Morpheus‖.
6. In 1906, Chinese addicts in the Philippines were
allowed to smoke opium in their homes for a fee of five
pesos.
7. President Ferdinand Marcos approved
Republic Act No. 953 into law in 1953.
8. The first marijuana raid in the Philippines
was conducted in Pasay City in 1959.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 27 P a g e

9.Barbiturates and heroin drugs were absent in the

Philippines before the 1960‘s.
10.The Dangerous Drug Board was created under
the Dangerous Drug Act in November 1, 1972

Thank you for answering the test. The next section is the content
of this unit. It contains vital information about the Terms and Drug
Abuse Jargons.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 28 P a g e

CONTENT

A. IMPORTANCE TERMINOLOGIES IN THE STUDY OF

DRUG ABUSE

Administer – The act of introducing any dangerous drug

into the body of any person with or without his knowledge.

Chemical – It is any substance taken into the body that

alters the way and the mind and the body work.

Chemical Abuse – It is an instance when the use of

chemical has produced negative or harmful consequences.

Centers – Any of the treatment and rehabilitation centers

for drug dependents refereed to under Section 34, Article
VIII of of Republic Act 9165 (Comprehensive Dangerous
Drug Act of 2002)

Chemical Diversion – The sale, distribution, supply or

transport of legitimately imported, in-transit, manufactured
or procured controlled precursors and essential chemicals,
in diluted, mixtures or in concentrated form, to any person
or entity engaged in the manufacture of any dangerous
drug, and shall include packaging, repackaging, labeling,
relabeling or concealment of such transaction through
fraud, destruction of documents, fraudulent use of permits,
misdeclaration, use of front companies or mail fraud.

Clandestine Laboratory – Any facility used for the illegal

manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical.

Confirmatory Test – An analytical test using a device,

tool or equipment with a different chemical or physical
principle that is more specific which will validate and
confirm the result of the screening test.

Controlled Delivery – The investigative technique of

allowing an unlawful or suspect consignment of any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical, equipment or paraphernalia, or property believed
to be derived directly or indirectly from any offense, to pass
into, through or out of the country under the supervision of
an authorized officer, with a view to gathering evidence to
identify any person involved in any dangerous drugs
related offense, or to facilitate prosecution of that offense.

Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals-

Include those listed in Tables 1 and II of the1988 UN
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 29 P a g e

Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and

Psychotropic Substances.

Cultivate or Culture – Any act of knowingly planting,

growing, raising, or permitting the planting, growing,
raising, or permitting the planting, growing or raising of any
plant which is the source of a dangerous drug.

Dangerous Drugs- Include those listed in the Schedules

annexed to the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs,
as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and in the Schedules
annexed to the 1971 Single Convention on Psychotropic
Substances.

Deliver- Any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to

another, personally or otherwise, and by any means, with
or without consideration.

Den, Dive or Resort – A place where any dangerous drug

and / or controlled precursor and essential chemical is
administered, delivered, stored for illegal purposes,
distributed, sold or used in any form.

Dispense – Any act of giving away, selling or distributing

medicine or any dangerous drug with or without the use of
prescription.

Drug – Traditionally, drugs are synthetic chemicals used

as medicine or in the making of medicines, which affects
the body and mind and have potential for abuse. Drug in
its criminological meaning, refers to substances, other
than food and water that is intended to be taken or
administered for the purpose of altering, sustaining or
controlling recipient‘s physical, mental or emotional state.

Drug Abuse – It is the illegal, wrongful or improper use of

any drug.

Drug Addiction- It refers to the state of periodic or chronic

intoxication produced by the repeated consumption of a
drug.

Drug Experimenter- One who illegally, wrongfully, or

improperly uses any narcotic substances for reasons of
curiosity, peer pressure, or other similar reasons.

Drug Dependence – The World Health Organization

defines it is a cluster of physiological, behavioral and
cognitive phenomena of variable intensity, in which the use
of psychoactive drug takes on a high priority thereby
involving, among others, a strong desire or a sense of
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 30 P a g e

compulsion to take the substance and the difficulties in

controlling substance- taking behavior in terms of its onset,
termination, or levels of use.

Drug Syndicate – Any organized group of two (2) or more

persons forming or joining together with the intention of
committing any offense prescribed under Republic Act
9165.

Employee of Den, Dive or resort – The caretaker, helper,

watchman, lookout, and other persons working in the den,
dive or resort, employed by the maintainer, owner and/or
operator where any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical is administered,
delivered,, distributed, sold or used, with or without
compensation, in connection with the operation thereof.

Financier – Any person who pays for, raises or supplies

money for, or underwrites any of the illegal activities
prescribed under Republic Act 9165.

Illegal Trafficking – The illegal cultivation, culture,

delivery, administration, dispensation, manufacture, sale,
trading, transportation, distribution, importation, exportation
and possession of any dangerous drug and/ or controlled
precursor and essential chemical.

Instrument – Anything that is used in or intended to be

used in any manner in the commission of illegal drug
trafficking or related offenses.

Laboratory Equipment- The paraphernalia, apparatus,

materials or appliances when used, intended for use or
designed for use in the manufacture of any dangerous
drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical,
such as reaction vessel, preparative/purifying equipment,
fermentors, separatory funnel, flask, heating mantle gas
generator, or their substitute.

Manufacture- The production, preparation, compounding

or processing of any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemicals, either directly or
indirectly or by extraction from substances of natural
origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis or
by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis or
by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis,
and shall include any packaging or repackaging of such
substances, design or configuration of its form, or labeling
or relabeling of its container; except that such terms do not
include the preparation, compounding, packaging or
labeling of a drug or other substances by a duly authorized
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 31 P a g e

practitioner as an incident to his/her administration or

dispensation of such drug or substance in the course of
his/her professional practice including research, teaching
and chemical analysis of dangerous drugs or such
substances that are not intended for sale or for any other
purpose.

Marijuana- (Cannabis) or ―Indian Hemp‖ or by its any

other name. Embraces every kind, class, genus, or specie
of the plant Cannabis sativa L. including, but not limited to,
Cannabis Americana, hashish, bhang, guaza, churrus and
ganjab, and embraces every kind, class and character of
marijuana, whether dried or fresh and flowering, flowering
or fruiting tops, or any part or portion of the plant and
seeds thereof, and all its geographic varieties, whether as
a refer, resin, extract, tincture or in any form whatsoever.

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) – known

as‖ Ecstasy‖, or by its any other name. Also refers to the
drug having such chemical composition, including any of
its isomers or derivatives in any form.

Methamphetamine Hydrochloride – Commonly known

as ―Shabu‖, ―Ice‖, ―Meth‖, or by its any other name. Also
refers to the drug having such chemical composition,
including any of its isomers or derivatives in any form.

Narcotic Drug- Refers to illegally used drugs or

dangerous drugs which are either prohibited or regulated
drugs. It also refers to drugs that produces sleep or stupor
and relieves pain due to its depressant effect on the CNS.
The term Narcotic comes from the Greek word
―narcotikos‖. It is sometimes known as ―opiates‖.

Opium - Refers to the coagulated juice of the opium poppy

( Papaver somniferum L.) and embraces every kind, class
and character of opium, whether crude or prepared; the
ashes or refuse of the same; narcotic preparations thereof
or therefore from; morphine or any alkaloid of opium;
preparations in which opium, morphine or any alkaloid of
opium enters as an ingredient; opium poppy; opium poppy
straw; and leaves or wrapping of opium leaves, whether
prepared for use or not.

Opium Poppy- Refers to any part of the plant of the

species Papaver somniferum L., Papaver setigerum DC,
Papaver rhoes, which includes the seeds, straws,
branches, leaves or any part thereof, or substances
derived therefrom, even for floral, decorative and culinary
purposes.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 32 P a g e

Planting of Evidence – The willfull act by any person of

maliciously and surreptitiously inserting, placing, adding or
attaching directly or indirectly. Through any overt or covert
act, whatever quantity of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical in the person,
house, effects or in the immediate vicinity of an innocent
individual for the purpose of implicating. Incriminating or
imputing the commission of any violation of Republic Act
9165.

Protector/Coddler- Any person who knowingly and

willfully consents to the unlawful acts provided for in this
Act and uses his/her influence, power or position in
shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating the escape of
any person he/she knows, or has reasonable grounds to
believe on or suspects, has violated the provisions of
Republic Act 9165 in order to prevent the arrest,
prosecution and conviction of the violator.

Pusher- Any person, who sells, trades, administers,

dispenses, delivers or gives away to another, on any terms
whatsoever, or distributes, dispatches in transit or
transports dangerous drugs or who acts as a broker in any
of such transactions, in violation of Republic Act 9165.

Physical Dependence- An adaptive state caused by

repeated drug use that reveals itself by development of
intense physical symptoms when the drug is stopped
(withdrwal syndrome).

Psychological Dependence – An attachment to drug use

which arises from a drug ability to satisfy some emotional
or personality needs of an individual.

Rehabilitation- It is a dynamic process directed towards

the changes of the health of the person to prepare him
from his fullest life potentials and capabilities, and making
him law abiding and productive member of the community
without abusing drugs.

Screening Test- A rapid test performed to establish

potential/preumptive positive result.

Sell- Any act of giving away any dangerous drug and/or

controlled precursor and essential chemical whether for
money or any other consideration.

Trading – Transactions involving the illegal trafficking of

dangerous drugs and/ or controlled precursors and
essential chemicals using electronics devices such as, but
not limited to, text messages, email, mobile or landlines,
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 33 P a g e

two-way radios, internet, instants messengers and chat

rooms or acting as a broker in any of such transactions
wheter for money or any other consideration in violation of
Republic Act 9165.

Tolerance- It is the tendency to increase dosage of drugs

to maintain the same effect in the body.

Treatment – A medical service rendered to a client for the

effective management of his total condition related to drug
abuse. It deals with the psychological and psychosocial
complications arising from drug abuse.

Use- Any act of injecting, intravenously or intramuscularly,

of consuming, either by chewing, smoking, sniffing, eating,
swallowing, drinking or otherwise introducing in to the
physiological system of the body, and of the dangerous
drugs.

Other Popular Drugs and Their Street Names

Drug Items Street

Names
Alprazolam Sticks,
(Xanax) bars,
handlebar
s, stikalix,
Z-bars,
School
bus,
yellow
boys,
white
boys,
footballs,
bicycle
parts.
Cocaine Blow, C,
candy ,
coke,
freeze,
girl,
happy
duts,
Mama
coca,
mojo,
monster,
nose,
shot,
smoking
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 34 P a g e

gun,
snow,
sugar,
sweet
stuff, and
white
powder.
Crack Cocaine Base,
beat,
blast,
casper,
chalk,
devil
drug,
gravel,
hardball,
hell,
kryptonite
, love,
moonrock
s, rock,
scrabble,
stones
and
tornado.
Depressants Backward
s, blue
heavens,
downie,
drowsy
high,
green
dragons,
idiot pills,
joy juice,
M&M, no
worries,
peanut,
rainbows,
red
bullets,
stoppers,
stumbler,
tooles
and
yellow
Diazepam Ardins,
(Valium) candy,
downers,
French
blues,
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 35 P a g e

sleeping
pills,
tranks,
vallies,
and
wiltshire
blues
Fentanyl Apache.
China girl,
China
town,
dance
fever,
friend,
goodfellas
, great
bear, he-
man,
jackpot,
king ivory,
murder 8,
poison,
tango and
cash and
TNT.
Heroin Aunt
Hazel, big
H, black
pearl,
brown
sugar,
capital H,
charley,
china
white,
dope, good
horse, H,
hard stuff,
hero,
heroina,
little boy,
mud,
perfect
high,
smack,
stuff and
tar.
Hydromorphone Drug store
(Dilaudid) heroin,
dillies, little
d, lords,
big d, d‘s,
delats,
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 36 P a g e

delaud,
delantz,
delida,
dust, juice,
smack, D
footballs
Inhalants Air blast,
bolt,
boppers,
bullet bolt,
climax,
discorama,
hardware,
heart-on,
highballs,
honey oil,
huff,
laughing
gas,
medusa,
moon gas,
satan‘s
secret,
thrust and
whiteout.
Ketamine Bump, cat
killer, cat
valium, fort
dodge,
green,
honey oil,
jet, K, ket,
kit kat,
psychedeli
c heroin,
purple,
special ―K‖,
special la
coke,
supre acid,
super C
and
vitamin K.
LSD( Lysergic acid A, Acid,
diethylamide) black star,
blotter,
boomers,
cubes,
Elvis,
golden
dragon, L,
microdot,
paper acid,
pink
robots,
superman,
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 37 P a g e

twenty-
five, yellow
sunshine
and ying
yang.
Marijuana 420, Aunt
Mary ,
BABY,
BOBBY,
BOOM,
CHIRA,
CHRONIC,
DITCH,
GANJA,
GRASS,
GREENS,
HASH,
HERB,
Mary Jane,
nigra, Pot,
reefer, rip,
root,
skunk,
stack,
torch,
weed and
zamb.
MDMA Adam,
(Methylenedioxy- bean, bleu
methamphetamine) kisses,
clarity, club
drug, disco
biscuits, E,
ecstacy,
hug drug,
lo ve drug,
lover‘s
speed,
Merceds,
New,
Yokers,
peace, roll,
white
dove, X
and XTC.
Mescaline Beans,
buttons,
cactus,
cactus
buttons,
cactus
head,
chief, love
trip, mesc,
mescal,
mezc,
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 38 P a g e

moon,
peyote and
topi.
Methamphetamine Bennies,
blue devils,
chalk, CR,
C
crank,
crystal
meth,fast,
granulated
orange,
ice, meth,
Mexican
cracks,
pink, rock,
speckled
birds,
speed, tina
and yellow
powder.
Opium Ah-pen-
pen, aunti,
big O,
black stuff,
Chinese
tobacco,
chocolate,
dopium,
dover‘s
deck,
dream
gun, hard
stuff,
hocus, joy
plant, O,
ope,
pinyen,
toxy and
zero.
Oxycodone( Oxy Oxy, OCs,
Contin, Percocet, ox, 40 ( a
Endocet) 40-
milligram
tablet), 80
(an 80-
milligram
tablet),
Blue,
hillbilly
heroin,
Kicker,
Oxycotton.
PCP Angel duts,
(Phencyclidine) belladonna
, black
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 39 P a g e

whack, Cj,
cliffhanger,
crystal
joint,
Detroit
pink,
elephant
tranquilaiz
er, hog,
magic,
Petr Pan,
sheets,,
soma,
TAC,
Trank,
white
horizon
and zoom.
Psilocybin/psiloci Boomers,
n god‘s flesh
little
smoke,
magic
mushroom,
Mexican
mushroom
s,mushroo
ms, musk,
sherm,
shrooms,
silly putty
and simple
simon.
Ritalin Crackers,
one and
ones,
pharming,
poor man‘s
heroin, R-
ball, ritz an
ts, set,
skippy,
speedball,
ts and ritz,
ts and rs,
vitamin R
and west
coast
Steroids Abolic,
anadrol,
Arnolds,
bolasteron
e,
dihydrolon
e,
equipoise,
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 40 P a g e

gym
candy,
juice
methyl
testosteron
e, proviron,
pumpers,
stackers,
therobolin,
weight
trainers
and
winstrol V.

Drug/ Alcohol Abuse Jargons in the Philippines

 Amats- describing someone high on drugs or alcohol

 Alak- any of the variety groups of alcohol
 Bangag- high on drugs or alcohol, intoxicated
 Bato, Batak, Shabu, Shab – Methamphetamine
Hydrochloride
 Big S, Sharon, Booger – Methamphetamine
Hydrochloride
 Tawas, poor man‟s cocaine
Methamphetamine Hydrochloride
 MJ, Mary Jane, Chongki – Marijuana/Indian Hemp
 Baguio Gold, damo, Ruot Marijuana/Indian Hemp
 Singhot, Kapote – Solvent or Volatile Substance
 Coke, cola,Cookies – Cocaine
 Lakas Tama- description of a hit; kick effect of drug or
alcohol
 Mr. E, Xtasy, e_drug- MDMA
(Methelynedioxyamphetamine)
 Capt. Kirit, Super E, LoveBug –
Methylenedioxyamphetamine)
 Mandrax- Methaqualone
 Double lion- heroin
 Red chicken- Chinese Heroin
 Double Trouble, Rainbow – Barbiturates
 Busted- arrested due to drugs
 Totinkats – refers to a prostitute involved in drug
dealing
 Toma, Banat, Tirada, Laklak – act of drinking
alcohol;drug use
 K,Mr. K, 3K – ketamine
 Kabayo, Richie Horsie – heroin
 Kalamay, Panocha – Opium or other opium
preparations
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 41 P a g e

A. DRUGS IN GENERAL

Drugs are substance or chemicals used as a

medicine or in making medicines, which affects the body
and mind and have potential for abuse. Without an advice
or prescription from a physician, drugs can be harmful.

Hundreds of pure chemicals have been developed

from plants and put into pills, capsules or liquid medicines.
There are also two forms of drugs, natural and
synthetic/artificial. The natural drugs include natural plant
leaves, flowering tops, resin, hashish, opium, and
marijuana, while the synthetic drugs are produced by
clandestine laboratories which include those drugs that are
controlled by law because they are used in the medical
practice. Physicians prescribe them and are purchased in
the legitimate outlets like drugstores.

Drug also helped human body and mind to function

better during an illness. But drugs have to be taken
correctly in order to do these things. The wrong drug or the
wrong amount of the right one can make an illness, worse,
destroy blood cells, damage the body and many cause
death. For this reason, most drugs can be legally
purchased only with doctor‘s written order called
prescription. Only a medical doctor can prescribe
medicinal drugs. These prescribe drugs could be
dangerous and must be used with care and according to
the doctor‘s prescription.

The practice of taking drugs without proper

medicinal supervision is called the non- medical use of
drugs or drug abuse.

The Prescriptive Drugs

These are drugs requiring written authorization

from a doctor to allow a purchase. They are prescribe
according to the individual‘s age, weight and height and
should not be taken by anyone else.

The Over –the-Counter Drugs (OTC)

The OTC drugs are non-prescription medicines,

which may be purchased from any pharmacy or drugstore
without written authorization from a doctor.

What is „Self- Medication Syndrome”?

The ―self-medication‖ syndrome is found in users

and would be users of drugs whose sources of information
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 42 P a g e

are people or literature other than doctors, pharmacist and

health workers. These could be members of the family,
relatives, and/or neighbors, all of whom may have
previously used the drug for their specific disease or
disorder. Self-medication may work against the good of the
user because it can lead to intoxication and other adverse
reactions.

B. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF DRUGS

How Drug Works?

Most drugs act within a cell, rather than on the surface of a cell
or in the extra-cellular fluids of the body. Similar to normal body
chemicals, a drug enters cell and participates in a few steps of the
normal sequence of a cellular process. Thus, drugs may later, interfere
with or replace chemicals of normal cellular life, hopefully for the
betterment of the person. The actual action of a particular drug
depends on its chemical make-up.

When two drugs are taken together, within a few hours they
may interact with unexpected results. This is one reason a physician
should always know the names of all drugs one is using. A doses taken
become an extremely important part of drug abuse. The amount of
drug in a dose can be describe as:

1. Minimal dose – the amount needed to treat or heal, that is, the
smallest amount of a drug that will produce a therapeutic effect.

2. Maximal dose – the largest amount of a drug that will produce a

desired therapeutic effect, without any accompanying symptoms of
toxicity.

3. Toxic dose – the amount of drug that produces untoward effects or

symptoms of poisoning.

4. Abusive dose- the amount needed to produce the side effects and
action desired by an individual who improperly uses it.

5. Lethal dose – the amount of drug that will cause death.

How Drugs are Administered

The common methods of drug administration are as follows:

1. Oral – this is the safest most convenient and economical

route whenever possible. There are however, drugs,
which cannot be administered this way because the
digestive juices readily destroy them or because they
irritate the
 CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 43 P a g e

mucous lining of the gastro-intestinal tract and induce

vomiting.

2. Injection – this form of drug administration offers a faster

response than the oral method. It makes use of a needle
or other device to deliver the drugs directly into the body
tissue and blood circulation.

3. Inhalation- this route makes use of gaseous and volatile

drugs, which are inhaled and absorbed rapidly through the
mucous of the respiratory tract.

4. Topical – this refers to the application of drugs directly to a

body site such as the skin and the mucous membrane.

5. Iontophoresis- the introduction of drugs into the deeper

layers of the skin by the use of special type of electric
current for local effect.

C. CONCEPT OF TOXICOLOGY

Toxicology is commonly kwon as the science of

poison, their effects and antidotes. In connection, drugs
may cause dangerous effects because of any of the
following:

1. Overdose – when too much of rug is taken into the

physiological system of the human body, there may be an
over extension of its effects.
2. Allergy – some drugs cause the release of histamine giving
rise to allergic symptoms such as dermatitis, swelling, fall
in blood pressure, suffocation and death.
3. Idiosyncrasy- it refers to the individual reaction to a drug,
food, etc. for unexplained reasons. Morphine for example,
which sedates all men, stimulates and renders some
women maniacal behavior.
4. Poisonous Property- drugs are chemicals and some of
them have the property of being general protoplasmic
poisons.
5. Side Effects- some drugs are not receptors for one organ
but receptors of other organs as well. The effect in the
other organs may constitute a side effects, which are most
of the time unwanted.

D. USE AND IMPORTANCE OF DRUGS

Drugs are medicines and the best use of medicine

dependents upon the physician, the user or patient, and
the pharmacist. This idea was subscribed to by both Metro
Manila Physicians ( PNC Health Education Survey, 1983)
and the Pharmaceutical Manufacturer‘s Association of
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 44 P a g e

Washington, D.C. ( U.P., MEC, DDB 1979). Their common

agreements on the intelligent use of drugs are as follows:

1. Take medicine on doctor‘s advice.

2. When taking prescribe medicines, remember carefully the
dosage, manner of administration, frequency and the time
when to take it.
3. If patient goes to m ore than one doctor, each one of them
must know about all the drugs being taken.
4. Avoid self-medication.
5. Report any untoward effects of medicine to the physician.
6. Patient should not take additional drugs without asking his
physician.
7. See whether the medicine has expired or not.
8. Be sure that the label stays on a prescription container
until all is used.
9. Store medicine in a safe, cool and dry place and out of
reach of children.
10. Some people just purchase and use common drugs
without knowing their functions and contradictions.

Some Medical Uses of Drugs

The following are some of the many medical uses

of drugs:

 Analgesics – are drug that relieves pain.

 Antibiotics- are drugs that combat or control infectious
organisms.
 Antipyretics – those that can lower body temperature or
fever due to infection.
 Antihistamines – those that control or combat allergic
reactions.
 Contraceptives – drugs that prevent the meeting of the
egg cell and sperm cell or prevent the ovary from releasing
egg cells.
 Decongestants- those that relieve congestion of the nasal
passages.
 Expectorants- those that can ease the expulsion of mucus
and phlegm from the lungs and the throat.
 Laxatives- those that stimulate defecation and encourage
bowel movement.
 Sedatives and Tranquilizers- are those that can calm and
quiet the nerves and relieve anxiety without causing
depression and clouding of the mind.
 Vitamins- those substances necessary for normal growth
and development and proper functioning of the body.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 45 P a g e

A. GENERAL HISTORY OF DRUGS ABUSE

The history of drug abuse is as old as human

progression. From its ancient experiences to the present
modern world, man has to live thru his basic needs,
especially the need of food to survive. The use of
psychoactive drugs can be traced from the practice of man
in finding out what is audible as food and the discovery of
medicine.

The Holy Bible is very reliable source in tracing the

early use and abuse of narcotics. The book of Judges of
the Old Testament revealed that the mighty Samson was
put to sleep by Delilah b y means of a drug-laced wine
before cutting his hair, the source of his strength, and
subsequently gouged his eyes before the feasting
Philistines already ―high spirited‖ with narcotics mixed
with intoxicants. There are also many allusions of drug
abuse in the old cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, which
might have led to the wide spread adultery, bestiality and
incest (Sotto1994).

Ancient Greek and Roman literature likewise are

replete with stories alluding to drug abuse, as in the
lamentable and tragic romance of Mark Anthony and
Cleopatra. Cleopatra, in desperation over her disprized
love drank a narcotic-laden wine before allowing her-self to
be bitten to death by a poisonous asp from the River Nile.
Even in the practice of oracles and black magic during the
Roman ancient times were believed to be accomplished by
―narcotics‖. ( Sotto, 1994).

Historians credited that marijuana (Cannabis

Sativa) as the world‘s oldest cultivated plant as a source of
fiber and intoxicant. Archeologist have found.], originated
in Central and Southern Asia, started by the Incas of Peru.
Peruvian and Mexican Incas have also the common
practice to use the coca leaves during religious offering
ceremonies. It was also known that marijuana was a
―sacred tree‖ in the beliefs of the Assyrians being used
during religious rituals- some 9,000 years B.C. The use of
marijuana is also deeply ingrained in the cultures of many
countries such as India, Jamaica, Morocco, Nepal, Mexico
and Peru (Sotto, 1994). The first reference of introduction
was in Northern Iran as an intoxicant. And from there it
spread throughout India by the Hindus used for religious
rituals in the belief that it is a source of happiness and ―
laughter provoker‖. The word ―hashis‖ (resin) of the
Marijuana plant was derived from the name Hasan or
Hashasin, the Muslim Cult leader who fed his disciples a
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 46 P a g e

preparation made from the resin if the female hemp plant

as a reward for their successful activities in assassinations.

American Indians too are believed to use not only

the stimulant tobacco but also opium in their peace pipes
in order to ―narcotize‖ an oppositionist to their common
objectives ( Sotto, 1994).

Knowledge on the opium poppy plant (Papaver

Somniferum) goes back about 7000 years B.C cultivated
and prescribes the juice of the belief that it can cure many
illnesses both in the internal and external use. The plant
was first harvested in Mesopotamia and its use spread
throughout the neighboring Mediterranean areas, then to
Asia. From there, it was introduced to Persia, Indian and
China by the Arab camel caravans (Dungo, 1988)

Opium use in China was stemmed out from India

and became widespread in the 19th Century. From Middle
East, the plant was cultivated in India , Pakistan and
Afghanistan. Five centuries later, Opium trade from the
Portuguese merchants became a lucrative business. The
British took over the trade from the Portuguese and
established the Opium Trade Monopoly through the British
East Indies Company.

In an attempt to stop the extremely high rate of

opium addiction in China, Emperor Yung Chen prohibited
the smoking of opium and attempted to close ports for its
importation. This triggered the ―opium war‖ of 1840 which
induced China to accept the British sponsored opium trade
and forced to sign a treaty permitting the important of
opium intro China after her defeat.

It was in 1806 that a German pharmacist in the

name Friedrich W. Serturner discovered Morphine , the
first derivative of opium. He called this new drug as
―Morphium‖ and later changed to Morphine after the
Greek god of dream, Morpheus. This was the first attempt
to cure opium addiction. But morphine addictive properties
came to prominence during the American Civil War vast
numbers of American soldiers became addicted to the
drug – so much so that morphine addiction became known
as
―soldiers disease‖.

The second attempt of treating opium and

morphine addiction started in 1896 when Heroin
( Diacetylmorphine), synthesized from the drug morphine
, was discovered by a British chemist in the name of Alder
Wright. It was called the ―miracle drug‖ because it is
believed that it can cure both opium and morphine
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 47 P a g e

addiction. It was named after the word ―hero‖ due to its

impressive power. So physicians began to use heroin but it
became a substitution of one addiction to another. It turns
out later that heroin is the most addictive of all drugs.

Meanwhile. Codeine, the third derivative of opium

was discovered in France while in the process of
discovering other drugs that could cure opium, morphine
and heroin addiction but it also ended in the same tragic
result. Today, it is widely used as an ingredient in most
cough syrup.

There are of course other historical events that

would reveal drug abuse in the history of man, the greatest
influence of the modern medical practice today. In fact,
physicians all over the world still consider narcotics as the
most effective pain reliever (Sotto, 1994).

DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE: A HISTORICAL TIMELINE

Important Dates Situational Description of

Events
12,000 B.C Hemp was first use as paper
and medicine in China.
10,000 B.C The earliest record of
man‟s use of Marijuana.
Archeologist unearth it in an
ancient village in a Chinese
Island, now known as
Taiwan.
9000 B.C Assyrians started the use of
Marijusna as part of rituals
by burning dried leaves
during religious ceremonies
referring it to
“qununu”(forerunner of the
wor cannabis)-which means
“way to produce smoke”.
6000 B.C Cannabis seeds were
introduced as food in China.
5000 B.C The Sumerians started to use
opium. Opium plant was then
called HUL GIL- meaning
“plant of joy”.
3000 B.C Incas of Peru started
smoking marijuana and
became part of their culture.
3500 B.C The Egyptians started
productions of alcohol.
2900 B.C The Emperor Fu His ( Father
of Chinese Civilization)
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 48 P a g e

introduced Ma (Chinese for

Cannabis) noting that
cannabis is a powerful
medicine that possessed
both yin and yang.
2700 B.C The Emperor Shen Nung 9
Father of Chinese Medicine)
discovered marijuana‟s
healing power.
2500 B.C Earliest historical evidence of
the eating of opium poppy
seeds in Switzerland.
1500 B.C Scythians cultivate cannabis
and use it to weave fine
hemp cloth.
1200 B.C Cannabis is mentioned in the
Hindu sacred text
Atharvaveda ( Science of
Charms) as “Sacred Grass”,
one of the five sacred plants
of India. It is used by
medicinally and ritually as an
offering to Shiva
700-600 B.C The Zoroastrian Zend-Avesta,
an ancient Persian religious
text of several hundred
volumes, and said to have
been written by Zarathustra
( Zoroaster ), refers to bhang
as Zoroaster‟s “good
narcotic”.
371 B.C Theophrastus, Greek
naturalist and philosopher,
recorded the earliest
undisputed reference to the
use of poppy juice.
0-100 A.D Construction of Samarian
gold and glass paste stash
box for storing hashish,
coriander, or salt, buried in
Siberian tomb.
450 A.D A Babylonian Talmud who
stated “wine is at the head of
all medicine where wine is
lacking, drugs are
necessary.”
1000 Opium is widely used in
China and the far East.
1492 Christopher Columbus
discovered the new World –
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 49 P a g e

America where he met

friendly Indians who offered
hima valuable gift- tobacco.
The use of tobacco was
introduced into Europe by
Columbus and his crew
returning from America.
1525 Paracelsus (1490-1541)
introduces laudanum, or
tincture of opium, into the
practice of medicine.
1552 The Catholic Church‟s First
Council of Lima denounces
the use of the coca leaf,
commonly chewed by the
Indians of the Andes for its
stimulant properties.
1588 The Catholic Church leaders
in Lima attempted to impose
the world‟s first smoking
ban.
1600 Tobacco use became
widespread in England.
1604 England‟s King James I,
objected to his growing
smoking habit and published
England‟s A Counterblaste to
Tobacco.
1613 John Rolf, the husband of the
Indian Princess Pocahontas,
sends the first shipment of
Virginia tobacco from
Jamestown to England.
1650 Sultan Murad IV of the
Ottoman Empire decrees the
death penalty for smoking
tobacco.
1690 The “Act for the Encouraging
of the Distillation of Brandy
andSpirits from Corn” is
enacted in England.
1691 In Luneberg, Germany, the
penalty for smoking
(tobacco) is death.
1792 The first prohibitory laws
against opium in China are
promulgated. The
punishment decreed for
keepers of opium shops is
strangulation.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 50 P a g e

1800 Napoleon‟s army, returning

from Egypt, introduces
cannabis (hashish,
marijuana) into France.
1803 Morphine, the principal
ingredient in opium, was
extracted from opium resin.
1805 Friedrich Wilhelm Adam
Serturner, a German chemist,
isolates and describes
morphine.
1841 Dr. Jacques Joseph Moreau
uses hashish in treatment of
mental patients at the
Bicetre.
1844 Cocaine is isolated in its pure
form.
1856 The Second Opium War. The
British with help from the
French, extend their powers
to distribute opium in China.
1865 Adolf von Baeyer, discovered
the molecular structure of
benzene, systhesizes
barbituric acid, the first
barbiturate.
1898 Diacetymorphine ( heroin ) is
synthesized in Germany.
1912 The first international Opium
Convention meets at the
Hague, and recommends
various measures for the
international control of the
trade in opium. Subsequent
Opium Conventions are held
in 1913 and 1914.
1924 1924 The manufacture of
heroin is prohibited in the
United States.
1938 Dr. Albert Hoffman, a
chemist, synthesizes LSD
1941 Chiang Kai- shek orders the
complete suppression of the
poppy; laws are enacted
providing the death penalty
for anyone guilty of
cultivating the poppy,
manufacturing opium, or
offering it for sale.
1955 The Shah of Iran prohibits
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 51 P a g e

the cultivation and use of

opium which led to the illicit
opium trade.
1961 The United Nations “Single
Convention on NARCOTIC
Drugs” was ratified.

B. HISTORY OF DRUG ABUSE IN THE PHILIPPINES

The following historical setting is an summary of the

Dangerous Drugs Board‘s presentation of the historical
accounts of the drug abuse in the Philippines. Accordingly,
very little was known about drugs in the Philippines during
the pre- Spanish era. The intoxicants and stimulants used
by the early Filipinos were fermented alcoholic beverages
and the natural preparations kwon as ―nga-nga‖ in
vernacular. Narcotics, including marijuana, were not in the
list of vices in the country at that time. The opium poppy
plant and the coca bush were absent in the Philippine
vegetation prior to1521.

During the Spanish era, drug control laws

prohibited the use of opium by the native Filipinos and
other people except the Chinese. Chinese residents in the
Philippines particularly in Manila and of the more distant
Chinese pariahs (ghettos) started smoking opium in 1780.
As a vice, it was not widespread and was particularly
accepted and tolerated by the authorities. In 1844, The
Spanish colonial government laid down an opium
monopoly, which entitled the importation by the Spanish
government and its sale to importation by the Spanish
government and its sale to Chinese users. At this period,
opium smoking became widespread among Chinese as its
use was forbidden to Indians, Mestizos and the Filipinos.
This compromise policy lasted up to 1896, a period of
revolt and insurrection.

The Americans took over the rule of the country,

and after establishing a civil government in 1901 , a
systematic survey was conducted and it was found out
that there were 190 joints where the Chinese smoke
opium. It w as observed that the habit had not yet gained
foothold among Filipinos. In 1906, partial legislation
allowed Chinese addicts to obtain a license to use opium
in their homes for a fee of P 5.00. The opium sale was
under the government control and the quality was limited.

In 19008, the total ban of opium took effect. The

campaign continued until the Japanese occupation in
1946, at which point all supplies of opium were cut off
from
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 52 P a g e

the country and during that period the number of opium

addicts was probably the lowest in Asia.

In 1953, Republic Act No. 953 was enacted which

provided for the registration of collection, and the
imposition of fixed and special taxes upon all persons who
produce, import, manufacture, compound, deal-in,
dispense, sell, distribute, or give away opium, marihuana,
opium poppies, or coca leaves or any synthetic drugs
which may declared as habit forming. The law also
declared as a matter of national policy, the prohibition of
the cultivation of marijuana and opium poppy.

Some time in 1955, foreigners, for purposes of

producing ―reefers‖, introduced the marijuana plant in
Pasay City. These were sold in taverns in Pasay City when
several potted marijuana plants were seized.

The Philippines has been relatively heroin-free until

the early 60‘s when small heroin laboratories opened in
Manila. In 1963, new trends appear. There was a waning
of opium addiction among the Chinese but a concurrent
increase among the Filipinos, just the letter contributed 63
percent of the total arrests from drug offenses.

Recognizing the deleterious effect of drug abuse on the

health and well-being of the Filipino
youth and the treat that it poses to national security, then
President Ferdinand Marcos signed into law Republic Act
No. 6425 known as the ―Dangerous Drug Act of 1972‖ on
March 30, 1972. This law which was amended by
Presidential Decree No. 44, dated November 14, 1972, the
Dangerous Drug Board was organized to provide
leadership, direction and coordination in the effective
implementation of R.A.6425. By early 1974,, addiction to
opiates and barbiturates had almost disappeared among
the native population.

During the period 1975-1980 the cultivation of

marijuana increased and became geographically
widespread, thus the pattern of drug taking involved
marijuana, abuse of pharmaceutical products (especially
cough syrup) and the inhalation of solvents. There was
very little trafficking of heroin, cocaine and LSD and the
non-availability of narcotic drugs made the prices sour
beyond the reach of Filipino drug abusers.

In an annual report from the United Nations Office

of Drugs and Crime (UNOC), OPIUM USE WAS FIRST
REPORTED IN THE Philippines in the 17th century. The
use of opium increased in the latter part of the 19th century
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 53 P a g e

as Chinese immigrants took to the habit, something which

was tolerated by the authorities. Opium dens were
established throughout the country and in 1903, in Manila
alone, there were an estimated 190 dens selling a total of
130 tons of opium.

By 1906, after the United States banned opium

use, there were no legal opium dens, although this did not
stop the smuggling operations from China. Opium
provided about 4% of colonial revenue and in the end the
United States regime decided to restrict the sales to
Chinese males and registered 12,700 opium smokers.
Over time drug use declined through a mixture of
prohibitions and high prices, more so than other countries
in the region.

By 1906‘s, in Manila, heroin laboratories began

operation producing small amounts of heroin for the local
market. During the early 1970‘s, production of heroin
increased but local demand remained small with
consumption of heroin estimated to be only 9 to 10
kilograms per month in Manila. However, increasing
addiction was detected in the student population and
alarmed government authorities.

With the American War in Vietnam, a steady flow of

marijuana, anti- depressants, amphetamines and heroin
arrived at the U.S. military bases in the Philippines.
Intelligence information at the time estimated there were
150,000 young drug users.
By the late 1970‘s this dropped to around 12,000
and a period of extreme drug suppression followed; heroin
and opiates became scarce but the use of sedatives,
tranquilizers, cough syrup and inhalants increased
substantially .By the late 1980‘s, methamphetamines and
ephedrine hydrochloride entered the country, mainly via
Hong Kong, and became known as Shabu. It is mainly
smoked although reports of injecting Shabu mixed with
analgesic solutions have been reported.

In spite of the commendable efforts of the

government, given its limited resources in addressing the
drug menace in the country, illicit narcotics activities still
remain as a principal concern. It keeps on threatening to
violate human dignity without remorse and destroying the
moral fiber of our society slowly and relentlessly.

According to the UNODC, annual report on its

research findings, the Philippines is a major producer and
exporter of marijuana and has been for many years. It is
grown throughout the country but the largest areas of
cultivation are found primarily in the mountain areas of
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 54 P a g e

cultivation are found primarily in the mountain areas of

northern Luzon, Central Visayas and Central, Southern
and Western Mindanao; part of the cultivated marijuana
in this last region is transported to Malaysia and Taiwan.
Most marijuana is either consumed domestically or
exported to Australia, Japan, United States and Europe. In
the said annual report, marijuana is the most available and
affordable drug in the country. Seizures if heroin have
dropped dramatically. In1997, 3,000 grams were seized,
dropping to 21 grams in 1999. As result its use is reported
to be minimal. On the other hand, the use of
methamphetamine continues to be smuggled by ship from
China, it is now the favored drug. While,
methamphetamine continues to be smuggled by ship From
China, it is reported that the domestic production of this
drug is also a growing problem.

The Philippines Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)

was created under Republic Act No. 9165 on June 7, 2002
creating a distinct and separate agency geared towards
the realization of a drug-free Philippines. Said Agency is
directly under the Office of the President so as to avoid any
political influence from any of the local leaders of this
country just as it directly gets its financial support from the
national government so that there will be no probability of
influence from any local leaders of this country just as it
directly gets its financial support from the national
government so that there will be no probability of influence
from other sectors of society avoiding any act of
compromise from anyone most especially in the arrest of
drug lords and their cohorts. The Re-organization of the
Philippines Drug Enforcement System, Republic Act No.
9165 assigned the new Dangerous Drug Board (DDB) as
the policy and strategy formulating body. The Board is
composed of various government agencies that can play a
vital role in solving the drug problem in the country just as
they can help in the rehabilitation of drug users. The
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency serves as its primary
implementing arm in realizing the vision of a drug-free
country.

Thank you for reading the content.

Now that you have learned about the terms
and drug abuse jargons, do the succeeding
learning activities.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 55 P a g e

Learning Activity No. 1

Multiple Choice
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer from
the given choices in each item.

1. Which of the following is considered as the world‘s

oldest cultivated plant as a source of prohibited drug?
a. Marijuana
b. Coca Bush
c. Opium Poppy
d. Peyote Cactus

2. The opium poppy plant is scientifically known as:

a. Cannabis Sativa
b. Hashish
c. Erythroxylon
d. None of these

3. The first reference of introduction of the marijuana as

an intoxicant was in:
a. India
b. Peru
c. Nepal
d. Iran

4. The Hindus introduced the use of marijuana through

religious ceremonies on the basis that the plant is a
source of:
a. Intoxication
b. Happiness
c. Power
d. Courage

5. The word hashish is derived from the name

Hasan/Hashasin, a Muslim leader. Hashis refers to:
a. Male marijuana plant
b. Female marijuana plant
c. The marijuana resin
d. Marijuana leaves

6. Which of the following do the Assyrians call the

―sacred tree‖?
a. Coca tree
b. Bamboo
c. Marijuana
d. Coca Bush
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 56 P a g e

7. Knowledge on the opium poppy plant goes back about

7000 years B.C cultivated and prepared by the:
a. Ancient Muslims
b. Greeks
c. Summerians
d. Early Romans

8. Which of the following law is called the ―Dangerous

Drug Law of 1972‖?
a. R.A. 953
b. R.A. 7659
c. P.D.44
d. R.A.6425

9. Who is the Greek Physician who first prescribed the opium

poppy juice as an internal and external medicine?
a. Morpheus
b. Aristotle
c. Hippocrates
d. Plato

10. Where the opium poppy plant was first harvested?

a. Summeria
b. Mesopotamia
c. Persia
d. India

Learning Activity No. 2

Identification Type
Directions: Identify the word or term being described,
defined or referred to by the statement by filling the blanks
provided before each statement.

1.Is a chemical substance used as medicine or in

the making of medicines, which affects the body and mind
and have potential for abuse.
2.Is any substance taken into the body that alters
the way and the mind and body work.
3.Is an instance when the use of chemical has
produces negative or harmful consequences.
4.It refers to illegally use drug or dangerous drug
which is prohibited or regulated drugs.
5.Is the illegal, wrongful or improper uses of any
drug.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 57 P a g e

6.It is a state of periodic and chronic intoxication

produced by the repeated consumption of drug.
7.Person who sell, administer, deliver or give
away to another, distribute, transport any dangerous drug.
8.It is the tendency to increase dosage of drugs to
maintain the same effect in the body.
9.It is an act of injecting drugs into the veins.
10.It is a withdrawal effects or symptoms.

Thank you for completing the task. And now, you are
ready for the assessment

Assessment

Enumeration
Direction: Enumerate or list what is being asked by the
question below.

1. Drug works in the human system in different doses

depending on the required amount of the drug that will
produce the effect. What are the stages of drug doses? 5
points
2. Drug users adopted many means of using drugs. What are
the common methods of drug administration? 5 points

You had just completed this unit. You are

now ready to take Unit 3.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 58 P a g e

UNIT 3 – Causes and Influence of Drug

Abuse

The term Drug Abuse most often

refers to the use of a drug with such
frequency that it causes physical or mental
harm to the user or impairs social
functioning. Although the term seems to
imply that users abuse the drugs they take,
in fact, it themselves or other they abuse by
using drugs.

At the end of this unit, you will be able to:

 Identify the type of drug abuse, causes and influence of
drugs.

Pretest

True or False
Direction: Analyze the following statements then
determine if they are true or not. Write T if the
statement is correct and F if it is wrong in the
space provided before the numbers.

1.Drug abuse is the use of any prohibited drug

regardless whether or not they are harmful.
2.Alcohol and nicotine are both prescriptive drugs.
3.The experience of the withdrawal symptoms is
a sure sign of drug dependency.
4.Drug addiction is a state of mind in which the person
is powerless of self-control over the use of
drugs.
5.The tendency of doctors and physicians to prescribe
drugs unnecessarily leads to drug addiction.

Thank you for answering the test. The

next section is the content of this unit. It
contains vital information about Cause and
Influence of Drug Abused. Please read the
content.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 59 P a g e

CONTENT

A. THE DANGEROUS DRUGS IDENTITIES

Dangerous drugs refer to the broad categories or

classes of controlled substances. Controlled substances
are generally grouped according to pharmacological
classifications, effects and as to their legal criteria.

Under the Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Law in

the Philippines(R.A. 9165), Dangerous Drug Law in the
Philippines (R.A. 9165), dangeroys drugs includes those
listed in the schedules annexed to the 1961 Single
Convention ON Narcotic Drugs, as amended by the 1972
Protocol, and the schedules annexed to the 1971 Single
Convention on Psychotropic Substances (Art.1 , Sec. 3).
As an example: MMDA –
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (known as Esctasy),
Tetrahydrocannabino (MJ); Mescaline (Peyote).

General Drug Classification

A. According to effects, the dangerous drugs are classified

as:
1. Depressants- are group of rugs that has the effect of
depressing the Central Nervous System.
2. Stimulants- are group of drugs having the effect of
stimulating the Central nervous system.
3. Hallucinogens- refers to the group of drugs that are
considered top be mind altering drugs and give the general
effect of mood distortion.
B. According o the Medical Pharmacology, dangerous
drugs are classified as:
1. Depressant
2. Narcotics
3. Tranquilizers
4. Stimulants
5. Hallucinogens
6. Solvents/inhalants
C. According to Legal Categories (In accordance to R.A.
6425) Pursuant to Republic Act No. 6425, the Dangerous
Drug Act of 1972), the dangerous drugs are classified as:
1. Prohibited Drugs
a. Narcotics- refers to the group of the drug opium and it
derivatives, Morphine, Heroin, Codiene, etc. including
synthetic opiates.
b. Stimulants- refers to the group of the drug Cocaine, Alpha
and Beta Eucaine, etc.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 60 P a g e

c. Hallucinogens-refers to the group of drugs like Marijuana,

LSD (LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE),
MESCALINE,etc.
2. Regulated Drugs
a. Barbiturates- refers to the group of depressant drug
known as ―Veronal‖ like Luminal, Amytal, Nembutal,
Surital, Butisol, Penthontal, Seconnal, etc.
b. Hypnotics- are group of drugs such as Mandrax,
Quaalude, Fadormir, and others.
c. Amphetamines- are group of stimulant drugs like
Benzedrine, Dexedrine, Methedrine, Preludin, etc.
3. Volatile Substances (P.D1619)
The group of liquid, solid or mixed substances having the
property of releasing toxic vapors or fumes which when
sniffed, smelled, inhaled or introduced into the
physiological system of the body producers or induces a
condtion of intoxication, excitement or dulling, of the brain
or nervous system. Examples of these drugs are Glue,
Gasoline, Kerosine, Ether, Paint, Thinner, Lacquer,etc.
*NOTE: The passage of Republic Act 9165,
Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Law declassified the
above legal classification into one whole definition of
dangerous drugs to include their essential ingredients and
precursors or chemical elements.

B. CLASSIFICATION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS

(According to Effects)

The Depressants (Downers)

These are drugs which suppress vital body

functions especially those of the brain or central nervous
system with the resulting impairment of judgment, hearing,
speech and muscular coordination. They dull the minds,
slow down the body reactions to such an extent that
accidental deaths and / or suicides usually happen. They
include the narcotics, barbiturates, tranquilizers, alcohol
and other volatile solvents. These drugs, when taken in,
generally decrease both the mental and the physical
activities of the body. They cause depression, relieve pain
and induce sedation or sleep and suppress cough.

1. Narcotics – are drugs, which relieve pain and

produce profound sleep or stupor when in traduced to the
body. Medically, they are potent painkillers, cough
depressants and as an active component of anti-diarrhea
preparations. Opium and it derivatives like morphine,
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 61 P a g e

codeine and heroin, as well as the synthetic opiates,

meperidine and methadone, are classified as narcotics.
2. Opium- derived from a poppy plant- Papaver
somniferum popularly known as ―gum‖, ―gamut‖, ―kalamay‖
or ―panocha‖. A plant that can grow from 3 to 6 ft in
height originally in Mesopotamia. Its active ingredient is
the
―meconic‖acid - the analgesic property.
3. Morphine- most commonly used and best used
opiate. Effective as a painkiller six times potent than
opium, with a high dependence- producing potential.
Morphine exerts action characterized by analgesia,
drowsiness, mood changes, and mental clouding.
4. Heroin- is three to five times more powerful than
morphine from which it is derived and the most addicting
opium derivative. With continued use, addiction occurs
within 14 days. It may be sniffed on swallowed but is
usually injected in the veins.
5. Codeine- a derivative of morphine commonly
available in cough preparations. These cough medicine
have been widely abused by the youth whenever hard
narcotics are difficult to obtain. Withdrawal symptoms are
less severe than other drugs.
6. Paregoric- a tincture of opium in combination with
camphor. Commonly used as a household remedy for
diarrhea and abdominal pain.
7. Demerol and Methadone- common synthetic
drugs with morphine- like effects. Demerol is widely used
as a painkiller in childbirth while methadone is the drug of
choice in the withdrawal treatment of heroin dependents
since it relievers the physical craving for heroin.
8. Barbiturates- are drugs used for inducing sleep in
persons plagued with anxiety, mental stressed and
insomnia. They are also of value in the treatment if
epilepsy and hypertension. They are available in capsules,
pills or tablet, and taken orally or injected.
9. Seconal- commonly used among hospitality girls.
Sudden withdrawal from these drugs is even more
dangerous than opiate withdrawal. The dependent
develops generalized convulsions and delirium, which are
frequently associated with heart and respiratory failure.
10. Tranquilizers- are drugs that calm and relax and
diminish anxiety. They are used in the treatment of
nervous states and some mental disorders without
producing sleep.
11. Volatile Solvents- gaseous substances popularly
known to abusers as ―gas‖, ―teardrops‖. Examples are
plastic glues, hair spray, finger nail polish, lighter fluid,
rugby, paint, thinner, acetone, turpentine gasoline,
kerosene, varnishes and other aerosol products. They are
inhaled by the use plastic bags, handkerchief or rags
soaked in these chemicals.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 62 P a g e

12. Alcohol- the king or all drugs with potential for

abuse. It is considered the most widely used, socially
accepted and most extensively legalized drug throughout
the world. In the field of medicine, it is ―valuable‖ as
disinfectant, as an external remedy for reducing high fever
among children, and as preservative and solvent for
pharmaceutical preparations like elixirs, spirits and tincture.

The Stimulants (Uppers)

They produce effects opposite to that of depressants.

Instead of bringing about relaxation and sleep, they
produce increase mental alertness, wakefulness, reduce
hunger, and provide a feeling of well being. Their medical
users include narcolepsy – a condition characterized by an
overwhelming desire to sleep. Abrupt withdrawal of the
drug from the heavy abuser can result in a deep and
suicidal depression.

1. Amphetamines- used medically for weight

reducing in obesity, relief of mild depression and treatment.
2. Cocaine- the drug taken from the coca bush plant (
Erythroxylon Coca) grows in South America. It is usually in
the form of powder that can be taken orally, injected or
sniffed as to achieved euphoria or an intense feeling of
―highness‖.
3. Caffeine- it is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola
drinks, and some wake-up pills.
4. Shabu/ „poor man‟scocaine‖- chemically known
as methamphetamine hydrochloride. It is a central nervous
system stimulant and sometimes called ―upper‖ or ―speed‖.
It is white, colorless crystal or crystalline powder with a
bitter numbing taste. It can be taken orally, inhaled
(snorted), sniffed (chasing the dragon ) or injected.
5. Nicotine- an active component in tobacco which
acts as a powerful stimulant of the central nervous system.
A drop of pure nicotine can easily kill a person.

The hallucinogen (psychedelic)

These are group of drugs that consists of a variety of mind-

altering drugs, which distort reality, thinking and
perceptions of time, sound, space and sensation. The user
experiences hallucination (false perception) which at times
can be strange. His ―trips‖ may be exhilarating or terrifying
good or bad. They may dislocate his consciousness and
change his mood, thinking and concept of self.

1. Marijuana- it is the most commonly abused

hallucinogen in the Philippines because it can be grown
extensively in the country many users choose to smoke
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 63 P a g e

marijuana for relaxation in the same way people drink beer

or cocktail at the end of the day. The effects of Marijuana
include a feeling of grandeur. It can also produced the
opposite effect, a dreamy sensation of time seeming to
stretch out.
2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)- This drug is the most
powerful of the psychedelics obtained from ergot, a
fungus that attacks rye kernels. LSD is 1,000 times more
powerful than marijuana as supply, large enough for a trip
can be taken from the glue on the flab of an envelope,
from the hidden areas inside one‘s clothes. The users may
experience frequent ,bizarre hallucinations, loss spatial
perceptions, personality diffusion and changes in values.
Usually users perceive distortion of time, colors, sounds
and depth. They experience ―scent‖ music and sounds in
―color‖.
3. Peyote- is derived from the surface part of small gray
brown cactus. Peyote emits a nauseating odor and its user
suffers from nausea. This drug causes no physical
dependence and therefore, no withdrawal symptoms;
although in some cases psychological dependence has
been noted.
4. Mescaline- it is alkaloid hallucinogen extracted from the
peyote cactus and can also be synthesized in the
laboratory.
5. STP (Serenity, tranquility, and Peace)- it is a take-off on
the motor oil addictive. It is a chemical derivative of
mescaline claimed to produce more violent and longer
effects than mescaline dose.
6. Psilocybin- this hallucinogenic alkaloid from small Mexican
mushrooms are used by Mexican Indians today.. These
effects may last for four to five hours and later may be
followed by depression, laziness and complete loss of time
and space perceptions.
7. Morning Glory Seeds- The black and brown seeds of the
wild tropical morning glory are used to produce
hallucinations. The seeds are ground into cloth and drunk.
They are sold under the names of ―heavenly blues‖,
―flying dancers‖ and ―pearly gates‖. The active ingredient
in the seed is similar to LS although less potent. The
reactions are likened to those resulting from LSD.
Prolonged psychosis is also one of its effects.

C. THE COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS

Drugs that are commonly abused depending on

their pharmacological effects may be generally classified
into:
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 64 P a g e

Sedatives- are depressant drugs, which reduce

anxiety and excitement such as barbiturates, non-
barbiturates, tranquilizers and alcohol.

Stimulants- are drugs, which reduce anxiety and

excitement such as amphetamines, cocaine and caffeine.

Hallucinogens/psychedelics- drugs which affects

sensation, thinking, self-awareness and emotion such as
LSD, mescaline and marijuana.

Narcotics- drugs that relive pain and often induce

sleep such as the opiates, morphine codeine and heroin.

Solvents- or the volatile substances which are

found to be the most commonly abused by children lured
into the drug habit.

C. COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS

Drugs that are commonly abused depending on

their pharmacological effects may be generally classified
into:

Sedatives- are depressant drugs, which reduce

anxiety and excitement such as barbiturates, non-
barbiturates, tranquilizers and alcohol.

Stimulants- are drugs, which increase alertness

and activity such as amphetamines, cocaine and caffeine.

Hallucinogens / Psychedelic - drugs which

affect sensation, thinking, self-awareness and emotion
such as LSD, mescaline and marijuana.

Narcotics- drugs that relieve the pain and often

induce sleep such as the opiates, morphine codeine and
heroin.

Solvents - or the volatile substance which are

found to be the most commonly abused by children lured
into drug habit.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 65 P a g e

D. PLANTS AS SOURCES OF DANGEROUS DRUGS

In the world of drug abuse and addiction, certain

plants are popular to drug users as resource of drugs as
the following:

The Marijuana Plant

The term marijuana is a Spanish-Mexican term

used to refer to Indian hemp plant. It is a plant that grows
in tropical region and attains and approximate height of 15
to 20 feet. Scientifically named as Cannabis Sativa Lima
and a member of the Cannabinaceae family of Plants
(separate male/female plant,), the female plant is known
as the Pistillate (shorter but long-lived) while the male
plant is called the Staminate (taller but short-lived). Its
leaves formed a fingerlike look- odd \
in numbers from 3 up 13 fingerlike leaves. The resin called
―hashish‖ can be found on the most top portion of the
female plant. The active ingredients or alkaloid of the plant
is called cannabin ( the one that produced the
physiological effect) or the Tetrahydrocannabinnol (THC) –
the concentrated alkaloid which is 5 to 20 inustes stronger
than the plain marijuana plant. The means of using the
drug varied from ingestion to smoking.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 66 P a g e

The Opium Poppy Plant

The opium poppy plant is scientifically kwon as

Papaver Somniferum. The word Papaver is Greek term
which means poppy while the word Somniferum is a Latin
term which means dream/induced sleep. The Plant grow
from 3 to 6 feet in height originally in Mesopotamia. The
Summerians called it ―Hul Gil‖ which means, ―plant of
joy‖ due to its Joyful effect when administered. Its active
ingredient is the MeconicAcid- the analgesic property. The
dangerous drugs that can be derived.From the plant are
morphine, heroin, and codeine.

The Coca Bush Plant

The coca bush plant is scientifically known as Erythroxylon Coca

Common in South America. The plant grows in mountainous and tropical
climate areas, on clay like soil. A fully-grown cultivated coca
Plant attains a height of 6 to 8 feet and can be harvested 3 to 4 times in a
year. The dangerous drug that can be produced from this plant is the drug
cocaine- the most powerful natural stimulant known as cocaine
hydrochloride.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 67 P a g e

The Ephedra Plant

Known to the Chinese as ―Ma Huang ―. The

ephedra plant (Ephedra Vulgaris) is a psychoactive plant
that contains psychotropic properties one of which is the
alkaloid Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, an active
ingredient of anti-asthma drugs. It is an essential chemical
precursor in the preparation of drugs such as
Methamphetamine or Amphetamines. Methamphetamine
Hydrochloride commonly known as ―shabu‖ is a product
derived from this plant through chemical processes.

The Peyote Cactus

It is also known as ―Narcotic Cactus‖. It is

commonly founding Mexico and its borders. It is the
source of the hallucinogen drug known as Mescaline. One
to two hours after the drug is taken, delusions begin to
occur. Optical hallucinations follow one upon the another
in rapid succession.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 68 P a g e

A. BASIC CONCEPTS

What is Drug Abuse?

The term drug abuse most often refers to the use

of drug with such frequently that it causes physical or
mental harm to the user or impairs social functioning.
Although the term seems to imply that users abuse the
drugs they take, in fact, it is themselves or others they
abuse by using drugs.

Traditionally, the term drug abuse referred to the

use of any drug prohibited by law, regardless of whether it
was actually harmful or not. This meant that any use of
Marijuana, for example, even if it occurred only once In
awhile, would constitute abuse, while the same level of
alcohol consumption would not.

The term drug is commonly associated with

substances that may be purchased legally with prescription
for medical use. Other substances that may be purchased
legally without prescription and commonly abused include
alcohol and the nicotine contained in tobacco cigarettes
(Groiler, 1995).

What is Drug Dependency?

Drug abuse must be distinguished from drug

dependence. Drug dependence, which is sometimes
called drug addiction, is defined by three basic
characteristics (Groiler, 1995).

1. The users continue to take a drug over and extended

period of time.
2. The users find it difficult to stop using the drug.
3. The users stop taking their drug- only if the supply of the
drug is cut off, or if they are forced to quit for any reasons-
they will undergo painful physical or mental distress.

What is Drug Addiction?

Drug addiction is a state of mind in which a person has lost

the power of self-control in respect of a
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 69 P a g e

drug. In other words a drug addict will resort to crime even,

to satisfy his repeated craving for the drug. The effects of
addiction are mainly deteriorative personality changes.
They include insomnia, instability, and lack of self-
confidence especially when not under the influence of
drug. The addict cannot concentrate on any work. He
avoids social contact. Slowly, mentally, physically, and
morally he becomes from bad to worse and a burden to
the society.

Characteristics of Drug Addiction

One or more of the following attributes

characterizes drug addiction.

1. Uncontrollable Craving – the addict feels a compulsive

craving to take drug repeatedly and tires to procure the
same by any means.
2. Tolerance – it is the tendency to increase the dose of the
drug to produce the same effect as to that of the original
effect.
3. Addiction – the addict is powerless to quit drug use.
4. Physical dependence – the addict‘s physiological
functioning is altered. The body becomes sick, inactive and
incapable of carrying out useful activity in the absence of
the drug. The withdrawal, syndrome s will occur one the
drug use is stopped.
5. Psychological Dependence – Emotional and mental
discomfort exist to the individual. The drug addict feels he
cannot do without the drug, consequently if he does not
take the drug his mental processes are affected. He cannot
carry out his work efficiently.
6. Withdrawal syndrome – the addict becomes nervous and
restless when he does not get the drug. After about 12
hours, he starts sweating. His nose and eyes become
watery and continue doing so increasingly for another 12
hours. It is followed by vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite
and sleep. Respiration, blood pressure and body
temperature also rises. This will continue up to subsiding
and most of it is gone in about a week‘s time. Complete
recovery takes palce in three to six months.

How Addiction is acquired?

People have generally different motivation in life. The

young ones are very mush adventurous
and some of them have strong attraction in drug- taking,
because these ―Space are era belongs to them so to
speak, thus, the ―IN‖ thing these days are drugs. \To See
drug abusers round seemed to be of a common sight.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 70 P a g e

The drug habit is acquired primarily in three ways:

1. Association – the tendency of drug abuser to look for peer

groups where he feels being wanted and accepted.
2. Experimentation – the tendency of a person to try and
explore the effects of drugs due to curiosity or other
reasons.
3. Inexperienced doctors – the tendency of doctors and
physicians to unnecessarily prescfibe drugs.

Likewise, addiction may also be acquired through:

1. Habituation – repetitious engagement of drug use which is
closely related to the experience of the euphoric effect of
drugs, and the relief of pain or emotional discomfort.
2. Toleration – refers to the necessity to increase the dose to
obtain an effect equivalent to the original dose.
3. Dependence – the altered physiological state brought
about by the repeated administration of the drug,
which necessities the continued use of the drug to
avoid withdrawal syndrome.

B. UNDERLYING INFLUENCE OF DRUGS ABUSE

The drug addict or abuser is generally and

emotionally unstable person before he acquires the habit.
Due to this drug addicts have low capacities for dealing
with frustrations, anxieties and stress.

Drug abuse is a multi- faced problem that exists in

our locality and countryside; there is usually more than one
reason why this problem occurs. Any of the following
factors may influence people to abuse drugs.

Factors in Youthful Drug abuse

(Psychological, Mental health, Family conditions)

1. Motives and Attitudes – psychologically speaking, in

terms of motives and function of drug use, some of
which may not be recognized by users themselves. The
more a drug is used, the more it tends to satisfy more
than one motive or need.
2. Personality and Pathology – this psychology has been
described as follows : Chronic , low- grade depression,
smoldering, tense and restlessness, a sense of not being
taken seriously. Narcissism or egocentricity, preoccupation
with issues or identity, autonomy, and freedom of
expression, repeated dwelling on drug taking and its
effects, and the difficulty in interpersonal relations.
3. Family Background – the kinds of personality disturbance
found in some young addicts and heads cannot, in the
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 71 P a g e

current state of knowledge, be identified as brain damage

or schizophrenia.

1. Absent or weak father

2. Overprotective, overindulgent domineering mother
3. Inconsistent standards of behavior, lack of definition
of limits.
4. Hostility or conflict between parents
5. Unrealistic aspiration for children
6. Modeling, if parents or key influence are drug users,
young people often tend to model the behavior they are at
home.
4. Other Psycho- Social Factors – Drug above is a
manifestation of an underlying character of personality
disorder. Thus majority of the drug users are fundamentally
immature, emotionally childish, insecure or are suffering
from problems of adolescence.

The Primary Causes of Drug Abuse

Any of the seven deadly sins could be the primary

cause why people tend to abuse drugs despite knowledge
of the dangerous effects of drugs.

1. Pride – excessive feeling of self- worth or self-esteem,

sense of self-importance.
2. Anger- unexpressed, deep-seated anger against himself,
his family, his friends or the society in general.
3. Lust- burning sexual desire can distort the human mind to
drug abuse.
4. Gluttony- ―food trip‖ in the lingo of junkies
5. Greed- wealth, fame, recognition as exemplified by people
under pressure in their work of art, such as musicians,
actors, athletes who indulge in drug abuse.
6. Envy- to get attention from someone: as a sign of protest
envy is a major cause of drug abuse.
7. Laziness – ―I can‘t syndrome‖. Incapacity to achieve-
the breeding ground of drug abuse. Boredom coupled
with poor self-image.

C. GROUP CALSSIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS

In order to understand the groups of people who

abuse drugs, the group classification of drug addicts are
presented as:

1. Situational users – those who use drugs to keep them

awake or for additional energy to perform an
important work.
2. Spree Users- school age users who take drugs for
―kicks‖, an adventurous daring experience, or as a means
of fun.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 72 P a g e

3. Hard Core Addicts- those, whose activities resolve almost

entirely around the drugs experience and securing
supplies, they show strong psychological dependence on
the drug.
4. Hippies- those who are addicted to drugs believing that
drug is an integral part of life.

D. IDENTIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS

A drug abuser will do everything possible to

conceal his habit. To be able to recognize the outward
signs and symptoms, it is equally important to realize that
drug problem is so complex.

It should be remembered that a person might have

a legitimate reason for possessing a tablets, syringe and
needle (may be a diabetic) having capsules (they may
prescribe by doctor). Having the sniffles and running eyes
may due to head cold or an allergy. Unusual or add
behavior may not be connected in any way with drug use.

What to Observe?

The following markers can help in identifying drug abusers:

1. Change in interest –they lose interest their studies and in

their work.
2. Frequent shifting of mood – they are euphoric , elated and
sometimes even ecstatic when under the influence of
drugs.
3. Changes in behavior- they usually spend a lot. They are
usually in the company of known drug users in the
community.
4. Changes in physical appearance- if they can be seen while
still under the influence of drugs the following can be
noted:

E. PROFILE OF DRUG ABUSERS

The following data reflect the general profile drug

abusers in the Philippines, based from the PDEA Annual
Report of 2010.

User Referred for Rehabilitation

Average age: 29 years old

Majority Age Group: 23-29 years
old
Drugs of Choice: Shabu and
Marijuana
Ratio of Male Users to Female: 3:1
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 73 P a g e

Civil status: 53% are

single
Employment Status: 74% -
unemployed
21% -
underemployed
Educational Attainment: 53%-
high school
29%- college

Profile of Arrested Drug Users

Average Age: 31 years old

Majority Age Group: 22-29 years old
Drug of Choice: Shabu and
Marijuana
Ratio of Male Users to Female 9:1
Employment Status: 21% - unemployed
58% - underemployed
Educational Attainment: 52% - high
school
29%- college

F. PROCESS OF DETECTING DRUG ABUSERS

The detection of drug abusers involves five

processes namely:

Observation

Observations of the signs and symptoms of drug

abuse may take relatively a long period of time good
sensory equipment and high degree of objectivity and two
requirements for a good observer.

History Taking

a. Collateral Information (Interview with information) – the

best information is from the patient himself, but collateral
information is necessary.
b. Interview with Patient- Inquire regarding the drugs being
abused, onset of his drug taking activity, reason for
abusing drugs, how he supports his vice, etc.

Laboratory Examination

Accurate laboratory examinations cannot be performed

by any ordinary chemist since detection of dangerous
drugs requires sophisticated equipment and apparatus,
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 74 P a g e

special chemical reagents and most of all, the specialized

technical know-how.

Psychological Examination

This phase of drug detection requires expertise of

trained psychologist.

a. Intelligence Test – the test is designed to cover a wide

variety of mental functions with special emphasis on
adjustments comprehension and reasoning.
b. Personality Test- this type of test is used to evaluate the
character and personality traits of an individual such as his
emotional adjustment, interpersonal relation, motivation
and attitude.
c. Aptitude Test – this test is to measure the readiness with
which the individual increases his knowledge and improves
skills when opportunity and training.
d. Interest Test – this is designed to reveal the field of
interest that a client will be in terested in.
e. Psychiatric Evaluation – it is a process whereby a team
of professional composed of psychiatrist, psychologist,
psychiatric social workers conduct an examination to
determine whether or not a patient is suffering from
psychiatric disorder.\

Generic Personality Profile of Drug Abusers

1. They are of average or above average intelligence.

2. they are witty and manipulative
3. They have negative attitude, they demonstrate hostile
feelings to the world or to anybody who does not want to
conform to what they want.
4. They are emotionally immature, selfish and demanding.
5. They want immediate gratification or needs and desires.
6. They have low frustration tolerance.
7. Their interest and aptitude are on dramatics, persuasive
and musical field in that order.
8. They are depressed and excessively dependent.
9. They are rebellious and have impulsive behavior.
10. They are pleasure seeker and pathologically liars.
11. They like to join anti social groups/delinquent groups.
12. They have difficulty in solving problems.

G. OTHER INFORMATION ON DRUG ABUSERS

In the course or research, several seemingly

unrelated facts emerged as contributory to cause drug
abuse on Filipino users.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 75 P a g e

a. In more than 59 percent of users, both parents hold

outside jobs.
b. Parents use television to baby-sit their pre-school children
who are this subjected before they are old enough to walk
to advertisements for beer, pain killers and other over-the
counter (OTC) medications.
c. Modern mothers have abandoned their God- given gifts
and privilege to breast-feed their children.
d. A child spends an average of 900 hours per year in class
and media influence per year watching television, which
speaks for greater media influence on the young mind
compare to either the parents or school.
e. Television commercials for alcohol beverages and
cigarettes invariably depict people having an enjoyable
time with their friends while the product prominent
displayed, but never depict the health and economic
problems excessive alcohol and cigarette consumption can
produce, or other degenerative effects.
f. Tobacco companies circumvent the ban on television
advertising their products by sponsoring athletic events
that are viewed by both children and adults who attend
sporting events where large pictures and logos of cigarette
brands are always prominently displayed.
g. Alcohol and tobacco (cigarettes) are ―getaway‖ drugs.
h. It is discovered that 70 percent of elementary school
students abused legal drugs such as tobacco, alcohol, and
over-the-counter (OTC) diet pills.
i. Medical science is believed to hold a cure for every
condition, a ―pill for every ill‖, so to speak.

Thank you for reading the content. Now

that you had learned about Causes and
Influence of Drug Abuse, do the succeeding
learning activities.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 76 P a g e

Learning Activity No. 1

Multiple Choice
Directions: From the given choices, select the letter of the
correct answer and encircle it.

1. The condition of mental excitement , confusion, disordered

speech and often hallucination is called.
a) Delirium
b) Stupor
c) Euphoria
d) Cold turkey

2. Physically, when the drug addicts life evolved entirely in

drug using and misses to take meals or loss appetite, the
user eventually develops:
a) Skin infections
b) Cancer
c) Body rashes
d) Malnutrition

3. Commission of crimes duet o the influence of drug or the

personality attached to drug using is a manifestation of its:
a) Economic effect
b) Mental effect
c) Social effect
d) Physical effect

4. A drug abuser, because of his used of unsterilized

paraphernalia, tends to develop low resistance and
becomes susceptible to various infections such as:
a) Stomach cancer
b) Communicable disease
c) Headaches and body pains
d) Loss of appetite

5. The presence of the symptom of alcohol intoxication

without smell of alcoholic breath is a sigh that the
suspected person is under the influenced of:
a) Amphetamine drug
b) Hallucinogen
c) Barbiturates
d) Narcot
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 77 P a g e

Learning Activity No. 2

Identification Type
Directions: Identify the word or term being described,
defined or referred to by the following items. Write your
answer in the space provided before the numbers.

1.It refers to the state of emotional and

mental discomforts exist in a person following continuous
use of drugs.
2.It is the term used to refer to
the repetitious engagement of drug use.
3.In the lingo of drug addicts, it is called
―food trips‖.
4.What do you call the practice of the
―I can‘t do syndrome‖?
5.What is the test used to evaluate the
drug addict mental condition?

Thank you for completing the task. And now,

you are ready for the assessment
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 78 P a g e

Assessment

Discussion
Directions: Briefly discuss your answers on the question
below.

1. What are classification of drugs according to effects and

medical pharmacology.
2. What dangerous drug can be extracted from the coca bush
plant? Give its drug classification.
3. Enumerate the drugs that are grouped under narcotics,
depressants, stimulants and hallucinogens.
4. Give the scientific names and alkaloid components of the
opium poppy plant, coca bush plant and the marijuana
plant.
5. What are the usual effects of stimulants, depressants,
hallucinogens and narcotics when administered to the
body of a person?

You had just completed this unit. You

are now ready to take Unit 4.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 79 P a g e

UNIT 4 – APPROACHES TO
DRUG PROBLEMS

The present nature and

extent of drug abuse and
misuse among the youth
constitute one of the gravest
health problems facing the
nation and the world today.
Public concern about drug
abuse is focused not only on
drugs that can be abuse but
also on the individual who
misuses them.
This module will show the
several means of dealing with
the drug abuse problem in the
nation. It will also touch on a
few international concerns on
what the United Nations is
dealing with this global drug
Problem. It is this module that
is intended to open the eyes
of the public that the drug
abuse problem is not just a
government concern but a
concern by every citizen.

At the end of this unit, you will be able to:

 Determine the treatment and rehabilitation systems in the

Philippines.
 Apprehend the role of individual and the community in
controlling the drug problem.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 80 P a g e

Pretest

True or False
Directions: On the space provided before each item, write
TRUE if the statement is factual and FALSE
when it is erroneous.

1.Teachers, under R.A No. 6425, are considered

persons in authority.
2.OPLAN thunderbolt I is a PDEA operation
purposely to create impact to drug underworld.
3.Preventive education and treatment of drug
abusers carry out the Demand Reduction Strategy.
4.The Dangerous Drug Board is composed of
17nex-officio members coming from various government
agency
5.The PDEA has the authority to regulate the
importation, distribution, manufacture and production
of drugs in accordance with the law.

Thank you for answering the test. The next

section is the content of this unit. It contains vital
nformation about Approaches to Drug Problems. Please
read the content.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 81 P a g e

CONTENT

PRELIMINARY

Drug education in school ‗s may be defined as the

educational programs, policies, procedures and other
experiences that contribute to the achievement of broader
health goals of preventing drug use and the adverse
consequences of drug use to individuals and society.

Drug education should be related to both the formal

and informal curricula in health, the creation of a safe and
healthy school environment, the provision of appropriate
health services and the involvement of the family and the
wider community in the planning and delivery of programs.

Drug Education Guideline for all ages

This part discusses the role that school-based drug

education programs may play in preventing or reducing
drug use to individuals and society. It provides guidelines
for selecting content and teaching methods for school drug
education programs, and suggests knowledge, attitude
and skill objectives for drug prevention education at the
lower, middle and upper class level.

The information in this tool was adapted by

UNESCO from the following publication: United Nations
Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention (UNODC),
2003. School-based Drug Education: A guide for
practitioners and the wider community. (Vienna: UNODC).

Description

This manual aims to provide a conceptual basis

upon which teachers, policy makers and school
administrators can make decisions about the design and
delivery of effective school-based drug prevention
programs. In addition to providing guidance on the
principles behind effective drug education and practical
information about planning, content teaching methods and
evaluation methods and evaluation for school drug
education programs, the manual includes sections on
managing drug related incidents, counseling and referral
for students, and strategies for involving families and the
community in drug prevention efforts.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 82 P a g e

Drug prevention efforts are commonly considered

under three main headings:

1. Demand reduction strategies aim to reduce the desire

and preparedness to obtain and use drugs. These
strategies, aimed at preventing, reducing and/or
delaying the uptake of harmful drug use, may include
abstinence- oriented strategies.

2. Supply reduction strategies aim to disrupt the production

and supply of illicit drugs as well as limit the access and
availability of illicit drugs in certain context.

3. Strategies for the reduction of the adverse

consequences of drug use aim to reduce the impact of
drugs use and drug-related activities on individuals and
communities.

It is both possible and desirable for schools to

undertake efforts in all three of these areas; however, the
major focus should be on demand reduction. Education
authorities should not accept sole responsibility for
changing student health behaviors, including drug use
behavior; as such behavior may be determined by factors
beyond the influence of the school. This means that
schools should not make change in drug use behavior the
only measure of success or effective of their drug
prevention education programs.

The primary role of the school is to impart

knowledge, skills and a sound values base in relation to
health and drug use. Therefore, the content of school drug
education curricula should be selected to achieve specific
educational outcomes that have been identified as
contributing to the achievement of the broader health goals
of preventing drug use and reducing adverse
consequences to individuals and society.
Drug education in the classroom is thus defined as
the set of lessons, programs, activities and practices that
lead to the achievement of the specific education
outcomes agreed upon. The school drug education
program can be described as the collection of these
educational activities sequenced over the years of
compulsory schooling.

Content

Knowledge about drugs and drug use is important

for informing decisions and shaping or reinforcing values
and attitudes about both personal and societal drug use.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 83 P a g e

The nature of the information, how it is presented, and

when, can have a significant influence on its impact.

Information introduced in the course of learning

experiences that are relevant to the student‘s lives and
experience and based on two-way communication that
respect their feelings and attitudes will contribute to the
success of the program more than information presented in
isolation, out of context, or in lecturing or ―preaching‖ way.

The guidelines below are offered to help curriculum

planners and teachers select appropriate content and,
perhaps more importantly, recognize that some information
may be useless, and some counterproductive.
Appropriateness of content should be determined with the
due consideration of the needs of the students, the agreed
drug-related learning outcomes.

Guidelines for selecting content

1. Information about drugs and drug use should be selected

for and evaluated on its capacity to contribute to drug-
related learning outcomes that lead to reducing drug use
and adverse individual and social consequences of rug
use. In relation to achieving learning outcomes, selection
and presentation of information should be considered in
terms of:

 What students already know and what they need to

know about drugs;
 The values , attitudes and perceptions held by
students;
 Skills students already have mastered and skills
that need developing;
 Ensuring a balance of knowledge , values/attitudes
and skill development; and
 Opportunities to link knowledge,
attitudes/values and skills.

2. Decision about what drugs and drug use information to

include in a program should be based on knowledge of
the drugs that cause most harm to individuals and/or
society, and the drugs that students are likely to encounter
at some time in their lives.

In relation to drugs used, selection of information should

be considered in terms of:

 The prevalence of drugs in the community indicated by:

- Surveys at local and broader levels
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 84 P a g e

- Information from police, drug counselors and/or

health workers
- Community consultation
- Student input;
 The personal and social context of the use of particular
drugs;
 The age when students start using particular substances;
 The level of use of particular drugs and the level of harm
associated with such use by particular age groups; and
 Laws, policies and school rules pertaining to the
use/misuse of different drugs

3. Information about selected drugs should be presented

only after consideration of both the social context in which
a particular drug is ( or may be) used by your students and
the learning context ( the way information will be presented
) which is most appropriate.
In relation to the social context (the way the drug its used),
information should be presented that:

 Encourages students to reflect on what they have learned

and how it can be applied to their social situations and
their lives generally;
 Does not increase either use of or harm caused by the
drugs being addressed;
 Contributes to the development of an environment that is
non-threatening and non- judgmental of students ideas,
opinions and discussions; and
 Is respectful of student‘s gender, ethnicity/culture,
language, developmental level, ability level, religion and
sexual orientation/lifestyle.

With regard to the way information is presented, it is

particularly important to choose content and teaching
methods that do not support, encourage or normalize drug
use or experimentation with dangerous substances.
Examples of approaches that may be counterproductive
include:

 Glamorizing- presenting drug use/users as sophisticated

(cool)
 Strategies that exaggerate and misrepresent the dangers
of drug use reduce the achievement of drug-related
learning outcomes- especially for students who know , or
believe, based on their experience, that the messages may
not reflect the whole truth;
 Sensationalizing- using graphic images can portray drug
use as dangerous and exciting;
 Frightening case studies that are too far removed from the
reality of young people;
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 85 P a g e

 Emotionally loaded videos and personal anecdotes;

 Romanticizing- using slang or ―street‖ names ( instead
of the pharmacological name) which highlight a drug‘s
supposed positive effects, while concealing the potential
harms associated with its use;
 Informing students how to obtain, make or use
potentially harmful substances, including detailing the
chemical composition of substances;
 Using pictures and images of drug use or the drug user
that are appealing or attractive; and
 Using ―one-off‖ or ―stand-alone‖ activities rather that those
that contribute to an ongoing comprehensive,
developmentally appropriate program.

Matching content to learning objectives

A first step in choosing content is definition of the

specific learning objectives that will help your particular
group of students develop the knowledge, attitudes and
values, and skills they need to make and carry out safe
and health-promoting decisions related to drug use. Suggested
leaning objectives are provided below for students at the
lower, intermediate and upper school levels.

DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION EDUCATION

Drug abuse prevention education is concern with

bringing about changes in the peoples knowledge, attitude
and practices towards drug abuse. It utilizes a variety of
approaches and methods whereby people go through
teaching learning process, and which maybe planed,
implemented and evaluated through the barangay
organized groups and other organization and agencies in
the community.

There are several known strategies in drug abuse

prevention, which are the following

1. Drug education – learning situations during seminars

workshop , symposium and lecture forums, which takes up
the value clarification, leadership training, coping skills and
decisions making. It is a movement, which utilizes
humanistic techniques in both school-based and
community oriented drug abuse prevention programs.
2. Drug Information – it is an activity, which focused on the
dissemination of basics facts of the cause and effects of
drugs abused with the objective of creating awareness and
vigilance of the people in the community.

Drug information includes the following activities:

CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 86 P a g e

a. Youth- adult communication as in Parent- youth dialogues

and Family encounters.
b. Info-oriented Classroom/community activities such as
contest in the school/ community – essay, slogans,
posters, cartoons, play writing.
c. Broadcast media : TV/ Radio or Printed , plugs, films,
slides, spot announcement, music programming
news letter, comics, leaflets/ brochures, magazines
other publications.

3. Alternative – this includes a number of ideas for

simulating meaningful involvement for the youth that can
complete successfully with the demands of drugs and
alcohol. Primarily the emphasis should be on service or
constructive and productive pursuits and recreational
activities that are usually community based such as:

a. Voluntary service work

b. Income producing activities
c. Sports, arts development: theater – choral/ dance groups
d. Community fair/contest
e. Other recreational activities: development of physical,
emotional interpersonal, mental-intellectual, social spiritual
and all aspects of behavioral development.

4. Interventions - this strategy is applied to experimenters

and potential drug abusers. Activities like peer or group
counseling should be encouraged in every community. It is
applied to the individual/ group, which needs specific
assistance and support. The techniques or activities
recommended interventions are:

a. Peer counseling
b. Hot lines
c. Cross- age tutoring
d. New peer group creation

THE PEER AND CROOS – AGE TUTORING AND

COUNSELING

Peer and cross- age tutoring and counseling enable

the person/student to assume adult and mature roles, to
become actively involved in their own learning and in
other‘s learning and to take on a ―real world‖
responsibility.

It can provide a meaningful ―work‖ in the school

setting to the students who might otherwise suffer from
low-esteem and a general lack of involvement with school
or cross-age tutoring and counseling programs:

The program is focused on:

CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 87 P a g e

Life career planning –the preparation towards a

comprehensive career education helps young people to
make the right choices.

Parenting and Family communication – these are

activities that can foster better understanding and
wholesome family relationship.

Effective Techniques and Learning Activities

1. Values Formation or Development – the articulation of

personal values. Its process includes choosing from
alternatives and repeatedly and consistently acted upon.
2. Role Playing – a technique used to help students identity
more closely with historical figures or characters in
literature, which will help them at sensing problems and
testing solutions without taking any great risk.
3. Decision Making and Problem Solving – techniques
using conflict resolution focused on group problems,
which help the students it identifying possible alternatives
to solve the problem.

4. Individual Contact – the basic principles it working with

an individual with emphasis of making him feel at ease,
involving him b y asking questions, supplying with the
necessary information and arriving at a decision that will
end to action. It is carried out by:

a. Person- person relationship or individual counseling

b. House/Office visits
c. Telephone calls or by letters
d. Information conversation or dialogue

5. Small Group Approach- involves contact with a number

of people assemble in isolated group or in one of a series
of related groups. This techniques can be carried out by:

a. Lecture- one way discussion

b. Small group discussion – mutual interchange of ideas or
opinion between the small group.
c. Symposium- group of talks, speeches or lectures
presented by several individuals on various phases of a
single subject.
d. Panel discussion – discussion before an audience by a
selected group of persons expressing a variety of
viewpoints under a moderator.
e. The buzz session- the count off procedure
f. Seminars , stimulation games, debate, field trips.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 88 P a g e

6. Community approach – this involves working together

about their common problems, identify these and
implement the kind of action patterns for the solution of the
problems. This techniques can be carried out by:

a. Community assemble and barangay and barangay fairs

b. Sport festivals or on test in the community
c. Church related activities

ASSISTING THE DRUG ABUSER

Treatment – the medical service rendered to a

client for the effective management of physical and mental
conditions related to drug abuse.

The aims of treatment are:

a. To prevent death from overdose

b. To treat complication following drug dependent
c. To make them comfortable during the withdrwal period.
d. To encourage confirmed drug dependents clients to
undergo rehabilitation and other specialized services.

Detoxification – it is a medically supervise elimination of

drugs from the system of any addicted person.

Methods of detoxification include:

1. Cold turkey – self drug withdrawal
2. Substitution – the use of methodex, catapres, haemasin,
dextropropoxyphene, tranquilizer, etc.
3. Reduction method – using the same drug to which patient
is dependent. The process could be gradual or rapid.

Rehabilitation – the dynamic process directed

towards the physical, emotional/psychological, vocational,
social and spiritual change to prepare a person for the
fullest life compatible with his capabilities and potentialities,
and render him able to become a law abiding and
productive member of the community without abusing
drugs.

Objective of Rehabilitation : To restore an individual

to a state where he is physically; psychologically and
socially capable of coping with the same problems as
others of his age group and bale to avail of the opportunity
to live happy , useful and productive life without abusing
drugs.

Modalities: It includes Multi- disciplinary Team

Approach; Therapeutic Community Approach; Primal
Scream Therapy; Spiritual Approach; Eclectic Approach;
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 89 P a g e

and the 12 Steps of Alcoholic Anonymous/ Addicts

Anonymous (AA).

Methods of Rehabilitation

1. Psychotherapeutic methods
a. Individual therapy – this involves a one to one relationship
whose aim is to help the patient reduce his drug abusing
behavior and develop insight into his condition.
b. Group therapy- this is form of therapy where the individuals
is helped through group process.
c. Unstructured group therapy – the role of therapist can be
assumed by the entire group or group members.
d. The family therapy – this form of intervention is based on
recognition that while the family a s a primary social unit,
can be a source of problem leading to drug abuse, can
also be a powerful factor I improving the behavior of the
drug dependent
2. The spiritual and religious means- this is the development
of moral and spiritual values of drug dependent.
3. The follow-up and after- care – the process of rehabilitation
does end up the release or discharge of client from the
center.

THE TRANSFER SUMMARY

The transfer summary of the case from the

rehabilitation facility is necessary and should b e forwarded
to the entity undertaking the follow-up and after-care
services.

Duration of the Rehabilitation

If the patient is found to be an opiate abuser, the

treatment prescribe shall be for a period of not less than
six (6) months.

Criteria of Rehabilitation
1. The patient achieves a drug free existence.
2. He becomes adjusted to his family and peers
3. Socially integrated to the community
4. The client is not involved in socially deviant behaviors.

DIAGNOSTIC GUIDELINES

A defined diagnosis of the dependence should only

be made if three or more of the following have been
experience or exhibited at some time during previous year.

1. A strong desire or sense of compulsion to take the

substance
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 90 P a g e

2. An impaired capacity to control substance- taking behavior

in terms of its onset, termination, or levels of use.
3. Substance use with the intention of relieving withdrawal
symptoms and with awareness that this strategy is
effective.
4. A psychological withdrawal state.
5. Evidence of tolerance such that increases doses of the
substance are required in order to achieve effects originally
produced by lower doses.
6. A narrowing of the personal repertoire of patterns
of substance use.
7. Progressive neglect of alternative pressures or interest in
favor of substance use.
8. Persisting with substance use despite clear evidence of
overtly harmful consequences.

Thank you for reading the content. Now

that you have learned about Approaches to
the Drug Problems, do the succeeding
learning activities.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 91 P a g e

Learning Activity

Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the following sentences, and encircle the
letter of the correct answer.

1. If the patient is found to be opiate users, the

treatment prescribe shall be for a period not less than:
a. 6 years
b. 6 months
c. 12 months
d. 2 years

2. The amount of marijuana resin or hashish oil

possess by a person before he can be penalize by death
penalty is:
a. 40 grams or more
b. 200 grams or more
c. 50 grams or more
d. 750 grams or more

3. What is the technique in anti- drug operation that is

carried out by allowing suspect consignment of narcotic
drugs psychotropic substance substituted for them to pass
out into one or more country with knowledge of their
competent authorities with a view to identify persons
involved in the commission of drug related offense?
a. Undercover operation
b. Controlled delivery
c. Airport/e
d. Seaport interdiction

4. The primary mission of the National Drug Law

Enforcement Prevention and Coordination Center is to:
a. Conduct drug Investigation
b. Neutralized illegal laboratories
c. Coordinate with the INTERPOL
d. Consolidate Drug enforcement and prevention

5. What COUNTRY IN Asia is responsible in the area

of research as part of the Asian anti- narcotic network?
a. Myanmar
b. Thailand
c. Singapore
d. Indonesia

Thank you for completing the

task. And now, you are ready for the
assessment.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 92 P a g e

Assessment

Identification Type:
Directions: Identify the word or term being described,
defined or referred to by the following items. Write
your answer on the space provided before the number.

1.What is known as Comprehensive Dangerous

Dug Law of 2002?

2.What year Republic Act 6425 was approved

into law?

3.incldes those listed in the schedules annexed

to the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as
amended by the 1972 Protocol, and the schedules
annexed to the 1971 Single Convention on Psychotropic
Substances.

4.The policy-making body and strategy-making

body in the planning and formulation of policies and
programs on drug prevention and control

5.it is the implementing arm of the DDB and

responsible for the efficient and effective law enforcement
of all the provisions on any dangerous drugs and/or
precursors and essential chemicals.

You had just completed this

Unit. You are now ready to take Unit
5.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 93 P a g e

UNIT 5 – Law Enforcement

Approach on Drug Problem and
Salient Features of R.A. 9165

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165 June 7, 2002

AN ACT INSTITUTING THE COMPREHENSIVE

DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002, REPEALING
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6425, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS
THE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 1972, AS
AMENDED, PROVIDING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of

the Philippines in Congress

Section 1. Short Title. – This Act shall be known and cited as

the "Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002".

Section 2. Declaration of Policy. – It is the policy of the State

to safeguard the integrity of its territory and the well-being of its
citizenry particularly the youth, from the harmful effects of
dangerous drugs on their physical and mental well-being, and
to defend the same against acts or omissions detrimental to
their development and preservation. In view of the foregoing,
the State needs to enhance further the efficacy of the law
against dangerous drugs, it being one of today's more serious
social ills.

Toward this end, the government shall pursue an intensive and

unrelenting campaign against the trafficking and use of
dangerous drugs and other similar substances through an
integrated system of planning, implementation and
enforcement of anti-drug abuse policies, programs, and
projects. The government shall however aim to achieve a
balance in the national drug control program so that people
with legitimate medical needs are not prevented from being
treated with adequate amounts of appropriate medications,
which include the use of dangerous drugs.

It is further declared the policy of the State to provide effective

mechanisms or measures to re-integrate into society
individuals who have fallen victims to drug abuse or dangerous
drug dependence through sustainable programs of treatment
and rehabilitation.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 94 P a g e

At the end of this unit, you will be able to:

 Determine the appropriate law on evidence and criminal
procedure in the prosecution of drug and related cases.
 Identify the composition, vision, mission, mandates and
function of DDB and PDEA.

PRETEST

Multiple Choice
Direction: : Read the following sentences, and encircle the
letter of the correct answe

1. Republic Act. No. 6425 kwon as the Dangerous Drug Act

of 1972 was promulgated on:
a. March 20, 1972
b. March 30, 1972
c. December 30, 1972
d. January 1, 1972
2. well as the National Clearing House of the government on
all matters pertaining to the control of Dangerous drugs is
the:
a. Narcotics command
b. NDLEPCC
c. Presidents office
d. None of these
3. What National anti- Drug Campaign strategy is carried out
through dangerous drug law enforcement?
a. International coordination
b. Local campaign and coordination
c. Supply reduction strategy
d. Demand reduction strategy
4. The PDEA is the primary arm of the government in the
control of Drugs utilizes for the:
a. Supply reduction strategy
b. Demand reduction strategy
c. Local anti drug drive
d. International coordinating strategy
5. What narcotics command operational plan is conducted
purposely to neutralize big time drug pushers, drug dealers
and drug lords?
a. OPLAN Hunter
b. OPLAN Iceberg
c. OPLAN BANAT
d. OPLAN Thunderbolt
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 95 P a g e

CONTENT

A. GOVERNMENT LAWS AND STRATEGIES

When R.A.6425, also known as the Dangerous

Drug Act of 1972 was promulgated in March 30, 1972,
estimated 20,000 Filipino drug users were recorded. The
execution of LIM SENG in 1972 dried up the supply of
heroin in the streets and from then on, this drug never
recovered its marketability. On November 9, 1972,
Presidential Decree No. 44 procedurally amended section
4 of R.A.6425. By the year 1980, the number of drug users
increased to 250,000 in the country.

Presidential Decree No. 1675 as supplemented by

Genral Ordeer No. 65 ; Presidential decree No.1683,
procedural in nature were promulgated to supposedly give
more teeth to out drug laws.

In 1981, despite intensive Drug Law enforcement

efforts and the passage of laws, the rise of drug use
continued. It was in this year, that foreign drug syndicates
used our shores as a transit point of heroin and cocaine
traffic. Metro Manila still remained as the center of drug
activity accounting 42% of the total number of arrest made
in 1981. A host of government agencies stared seriously
implementing the demand reduction strategy in various
schools and communities. Foreign counterparts started to
pour in aids to government implemented treatment and
rehabilitation programs by putting-up more dormitories. But
despite all these efforts the drug population increases by
10%. By this time there were 312,000 drug users.

In 1982, Batasang Pambansa Bilang 179 effected

another procedural amendment to R.A. 6425. The law
itemized prohibited drugs and its derivatives Narcotics
preparations such as opiates, opium poppy straw , leaves
or wrapping, whether prepared for use or not were already
343, 750 drug users and more non-government
organizations started to assist the government‘s demand
reduction programs. Similarly, law enforcement
capabilities were further strengthened. Strategies for
program implementation were made known to the public.
The government, sensing that the drug problem was
transcending international boundaries, established
linkages and mutual cooperation with regional
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 96 P a g e

organizations to complement its two-pronged strategy of

supply reduction and demand reduction.

The smuggling of drugs continued in varying

frequencies, types and quantities with drugs originating
from source counties such as Pakistan, Thailand, and
Hongkong. The Philippines was slowly emerging as a
source in 19984.

In 1986, drugs users commonly practice poly- drug

abuse, majority of them belong to the 15-24 age group. For
a period of two years, the number of drug population
increased to 450,000. Arrest and seizure were double due
to an intensified supply reduction effort by the drug law
enforcement agencies in the Philippines. The year 1987
saw the emergence of Methamphetamine Hydrochloride or
shabu as a popular drug use. It was also during this time
that Hongkong base syndicates engage in trafficking of
Methamphetamine initially established tie-ups with Filipino-
Chinese drug syndicates.

The Philippines Constitution of 1987 abolished

death as a penalty under R.A.6425. Coincidentally, the
removal of death penalty in 1987 started the rise of the
Chinese syndicate using shabu as their main trade.
Another illicit drug law material in the form 2,700 fully
grown coca plants were also uprooted by the narcotics
raiding teams in Agho island, San Rafael, Iloilo. Cocaine
production was discovered where according to intelligence
report, the laboratory capably equipped to process 120
pounds of Cocaine per month. The immediate
neutralization aborted cocaine production in the country.

In 1988, statistics showed that there were 480, 000

drug users in the Philippines , 70% of which were in Mtro
Mnaila. 1989, Shabu emerge as the second most popular
drug of abuse next to MJ. Cough syrup preparations
continued to be drug of abuse . From 1982 to 1989, all
demand reduction efforts were conferred on preventive
education and information and rehabilitation/health programs
because of the liberal perception that drug users were social
health victims and not potential criminals.

In 1990, Shabu abuse continues to rise. There

were 500,000 drug users recorded in 1990. The profile of
drug abuse drastically changed. Shabu‖s popularity was
at par with MJ, wherein there were 600,000 drug users
recorded.

In 1992, the government continued to pursue

vigorous programs of actions against the drug problem.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 97 P a g e

Intensified law enforcement, preventive education

campaigns and treatment programs were implanted.
Shabu emerge as the number one drug abuse among the
users.. 1993, THERE WERE 800,000 drug users recorded
dubbing that year. R.A. 6425 was further amended certain
activities under illicit drug trafficking. The death penalty
was restored on December 13. 1993, the new law did not
really strengthen R.A.6425 but rather made drug drug law
enforcement more difficult, because what is being punish
now is the quantity of drugs seized and no longer the act
or intention of drug pushing.

In 1994, the drug problem became more pressing

despite sustained implementation of the National Drug
Control and Prevention Strategy of supply reduction and
demand reduction. The drug encountered were the same
as in previous years except that of Shabu, which became
more prevalent. In 1995, Shabu and Cannabis abuse were
persisted in the illicit drug market. The well-finance and
sophisticated foreign-based syndicates controlled the over
all-importation of shabu. The average of age of drug user
became much wider for the female sex-9:1. There was a
sudden increase of drug users to 2 million. Law
enforcement interdiction was intensified and shabu
traffickers face more risk than before in playing their drug
trade.

For the year 1995, abuse of shabu increased by

75.09 %. More buy-bust operations were launched against
merchants of death majority of who were Chinese triad
members. The PNP narcotics group alone seized several
billion pesos worth of illicit drug.

In 1996, more high level Shabu interdictions were

launched. Various drugs enforcers were agitated to work
against the drug pipeline and the people behind them. At
the treatment and rehabilitation centers, the number of
new and re-admitted cases increased in1996 by 19% and
20% respectively. Despite the surrounding
accomplishments in supply and demand reduction with the
PNP Narcotics Group seizing multi-billion pesos worth of
illicit drug, not to mention the billions of pesos more seized
by the other PNP Units including PARAC of DILG, the
drug user population increased to 1.7 million in 1997.

The Natinal Drug Strategy is built on the principles

of supply and demand reduction. One key response to
drug use and trafficking is aggressive and coordinated law
enforcement. This is the centerpiece of the Supply
Reduction Program. On the other hand, drug treatment
and prevention programs are the other important
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 98 P a g e

components of the national strategy. These are the main

components of demand reduction. But from all indication
and despite the government strategy, the rise of drug
abuse is always threatening. New counter measures must
be developed and implemented.

Despite this effort more people got involved in drug

syndicate members who criss -cross our boundaries and
continue to deprive us of our sense of security,
emphasizing the ineffectively of our weal laws against
them. In spite of an aggressive international cooperation
and coordination adopted, the drug problem seems to
move at an even faster pace.

Today there are many measures undertaken by

both the private and the government sectors in the fight
against drug abuse as a disease of society. This includes
the major approaches as the Law Enforcement,
Educational Approach, International Cooperation against
drug abuse.

Importantly, the Comprehensive Dangerous Drug

Act of 2002 or Republic Act No. 9165 was enacted to add
more teeth on the government response to the ongoing
problem on drugg abuse in the country.

B. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165: Important Features

R.A. 9165 – COMPREHINSIVE DANGEROUS

DRUGS ACT OF 2002 (Approved on June 7, 2002)

What is Dangerous Drug under this Law?

Includes those listed in the schedules annexed to

the 1961 Single Convention in Narcotic Drugs , as
amended by the 1972 Protocol, and the schedules
annexed to the 1971 Single Convention on Psychotropic
Substances ( Art 1, Sec.3 )

Example : MDMA known as

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine commonly called
(Ecstacy) , Tetrahydrocannabinol (MJ); Mescaline (from
the peyote cactus)

What are the Controlled Precursors and

Essential Chemicals?

Include those listed in Tables 1 and II of the 1988

UN Convention against IIIicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and
Psychotrophic Substances (Art 1, Sec 3 )
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 99 P a g e

Examples:

Table 1 – Acetic Anhydride, N –Acetyl Antranilic

Acid, Epedrine, Ergometrine, Lysergic Acid

Table 2 – Acetone, Ethyl Ether, Hydrochloric Acid

Sulfuric Acid, etc.

Note: under R.A 6425 (Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972), Dangerous drugs refers to the
prohibited drugs, Regulated drugs and Volatile substances.

Prohibited Drugs – ex: Opium and its derivatives , Cocaine and its derivatives,
hallucinogens drugs like MJ, LSD, and Mescaline

Regulated Drugs – ex: Barbiturates, Amphetamines, Tranquilizers

Volatile Substances – ex: rugby, paints, thinner, glue and gasoline.

What are the Unlawful Acts and Penalties?

Unlawful Acts Penalty

Importation of Life imprisonment to death and a
Dangerous drugs fine ranging from P 500,000 to
and/or Controlled P10 Million
Precursors and
Essential Chemicals
(Sec.4)
Sale, Trading, Life imprisonment to death and a
Administration, fine ranging from P 500,000 to
Dispensation, Delivery, P10 Million
Distribution and
transportation of
Dangerous Drugs
and/or Controlled
Precursors and
Essential Chemicals
(Sec.5)
Maintenance of a Den, Life imprisonment to death and a
Dive or Resort where fine ranging from P 500,000 to
dangerous drugs are P10 Million
used or sold in any
form(sec.6)
Being and employee or Imprisonment rangingfrom 12 yrs
visitor of a den, div e or and 1 day to 20 yrs and a fine
resort (sec.7) ranging from P 100,000 to P
500,000.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 100
Page

Manufacture of Life imprisonment to death and a

dangerous Drugs fine ranging from P 500,000 to
and/or Controlled P10 Million
Precursors and
Essential Chemicals
(Sec.8)
IIlegal Chemical Imprisonment ranging from 12 yrs
Diversion of Controlled and 1 day to 20 yrs and a fine
Precursors and ranging from P 100,000 to
Essential Chemicals 500,000.
(sec.9)
Manufacture or Imprisonment rangingfrom 12 yrs
Delivery of Equipment, and 1 day to 20 yrs and a fine
Instrument, Apparatus ranging from P 100,000 to P
and other 500,000.
Paraphernalia for
Dangerous Drugs
and/or Controlled
Precursors and
Essential Chemicals
(sec.10)
Possession of Life imprisonment to death and a
Dangerous Drugs fine ranging from P 500,000 to
(sec.11) P10 Million
Possession of Imprisonment ranging from 6 mos
Equipment, Intrument, and 1 day to 4 yrs and a fine
Apparatus and other ranging from P 10,000 to P50,000
Paraphernalia for
Dangerous Drugs
(Sec.12)
Possession of The maximum penalties provided
dangerous drugs for sec.11
during parties, social
gatherings or
meetings(sec.13), and
possession of
equipment, instrument
apparatus and other
paraphernalia for
dangerous drugs
during Parties, Social
gathering or
meetings(sec.14)
Use of Dangerous Minimum 6 mos rehabilitation(Ist
Drugs (sec.15) offense), imprisonment ranging
from 6 yrs and 1 day to 12 yrs and
a fine ranging from P 500,000 to
200,000 (2nd Offense)
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 101
Page

Note: Section 15 shall not be applicable where the person

tested is also found to have in his/her possession such
quantity of any dangerous drug provided in sec.11, in
which case the penalty provided in sec. 11 shall apply.

Cultivation of pLnats as Life imprisonment to death

dangerous drugs or are and a fine ranging from P
sources therefore 500,000 to 10 Million
(sec.16)
Failure to comply with Imprisonment ranging from 1
the maintenance and yr and 1 day to 6 yrs and a
keeping of the original fine ranging from P10,000 to
records of transaction P 50,000 Plus revocation of
on and dangerous license to practice
drugs and/or controlled profession.
precursors and
Essential Chemicals
on the part of
practitioners,
manufacturers,
wholesalers, importers,
distributors, dealers, or
retailers (sec.17)
Unnecessary Imprisonment ranging from
Prescription of 12 yrs and 1 day to 20 yrs
Dangerous Drugs and a fine ranging from P
(sec.18) 100,000 to 500,000 Plus
revocation of license to
practice profession
Unlawful Prescription Life imprisonment to Death
of Dangerous Drugs and a fine ranging from P
(sec.19) 500,000 to 10 Million pesos.

Note :The Possession of Dangerous drugs in the

following quantities, regardless of degree of purity: 10
grams or more of opium; morphine; heroin ; cocaine; MJ
resin; 10 grams or more of MMDA, LSD and similar
dangerous drugs; 50 grams or more of
―shabu‖/methamphetamine Hydrochloride; 500 grams or
more of Marijuana.

If the quantity involved is less than the forgoing, the

penalties shall be graduated as follows:

1. Life imprisonment and a fine ranging from P 400,000 to P

500, 000 if ―shabu‖ is 10 grams or more but less than 50
grams;
2. Imprisonment of 20 yrs and 1 day to life imprisonment and
a fine ranging from P 400,000 TO P 500,000 if the
quantities of dangerous drugs are 5 grams or more but
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 102
Page

less than 10 grams of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine,

mj resin, shabu, MMDA, and 300 grams or more but less
than 500 grams of marijuana.
3. Imprisonment of 12 yrs and 1 day to 20 yrs and a fine
ranging from P 300,000 to 400,000 if the quantities of
dangerous drugs are less than 5 grams of opium,
morphine , heroin, cocaine, mj resin, shabu, MMDA, and
less than 300 grams of marijuana.

The Unlawful Acts Punishable by Death Penalty (Prior

to the abolition of Death Penalty)

1. Importation or bringing into the Philippines of dangerous

drugs using diplomaticpassport or facilities or any means
involving his/her official status to facilitate unlawful entry of
the same (sec 4, Art.II).
2. Upon any person who organizes, manages or acts as
―financiers‖ of any of the activities involving dangerous
drugs (sec 4,5,6,8 Art.II).
3. Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation Delivery,
Distribution and transportation of Dangerous Drugs and /or
Controlled precursors and essential chemicals within 100
meters from the school (sec.5, Art.II).
4. Drugs pushers who use minors or mentally incapacitated
individuals as runners, couriers and messengers or in any
other capacity directly connected to the dangerous drug
trade ( sec.5, Art.II).
5. If the victim of the offense is a minor mentally incapacitated
individual, or should a dangerous drug and / or controlled
precursors and essential chemical involved in the offense
be the proximate cause of death of the victim (sec. 5, Art.
II).
6. When dangerous drug is administered , delivered or sold to
a minor who is allowed to use the same in such a place
(sec.6 Art.II).
7. Upon any person who uses a minor or mentally
incapacitated individual to deliver equipment instrument,
apparatus and other paraphernalia for dangerous drug
drugs (sec.10, Art.II)
8. Possession of dangerous drugs during parties, social
gatherings or meetings (sec.13), and Possession of
Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and other
Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs during Parties, Social
Gatherings or meetings (sec.14)

What is the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB)?

The DDB is the policy- making body strategy-

making body in the planning and formulation of policies
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 103
Page

and programs on drug prevention and control. (Under the

Office of the President ) (Sec. 77, Art. IX).

Composition: 17 members (3 as permanent, 12 as

ex-officio, 2 regular member) (Sec. 78, Art. IX).

3 permanent members; to be appointment by the

President, one to be the Chairman.

12 ex- officio members:

Secretary of DOJ, DOH , DND. DOF, DOLE, DILG,

DSWD, DFA, and DEpEd , Chairman of CHED, NYC, and
Dir. Gen of PDEA.

2 regular members: President of the IBP, and the

Pres/ Chairman of an NGO involved in a dangerous drug
campaign to be appointed by the President.

The NBI Director the Chief of the PNP - permanent

consultant of the Board.

What are the Power and Duties of the DDB?(SEC.81,

Art IX)

1. Formulation of Drug Prevention and Control Strategy,

2. Promulgation of Rules and Regulation to carry out the
purposes of this Act,\
3. Conduct policy studies and researches,
4. Develop educational programs and info drive,
5. Conduct continuing seminars and consultations,
6. Design special training,
7. Coordination with agencies for community service
programs,
8. Maintain international networking.

What is the PDEA?

PDEA MEANS Philippine Drug Enforcement

Agency. It is the implementing arm of the DDB and
responsible for the efficient and effective law enforcement
of all provisions on any dangerous drugs and/or precursors
and essential chemicals.

The head is a Director General appointed by the

President, assisted by two Deputies – one for
Administration, another For Operations, also appointed by
the President (sec. 82, Art. IX).
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 104
Page

PDEA Operating Units – It absorbed the NDLEPCC

( created under E.O.61 ), NARCOM of the PNP, Narcotics
Division of the NBI, and the Customs Narcotics Interdiction
Unit (sec. 86, Art. IX).

What are the Powers and Functions of the PDEA? (sec.

84, Art.IX)

1. Cause and effective and efficient implementation of the

national drug control strategy,
2. Enforcement of the provisions of Art II of the Act,
3. Undertakes investigation, make arrest and apprehension
of violators and seizure and confiscation of dangerous
drugs.
4. Establish forensic laboratories.
5. Filing of appropriate drug cases,
6. Conduct eradication programs,
7. Maintain a national drug intelligence system,
8. Close coordination with local and international drug
agencies.

What are the other features of R.A 9165?

1. In the revised law, importation of any illegal drug,

regardless of quantity and purity or any part there from
even for floral, decorative and culinary purposes is
punishable with life imprisonment to death and a fine
ranging from P 500, 000 to P 10 million.
2. The trading, administration, dispensation, delivery,
distribution, and transportation of dangerous drugs is also
punishable by life imprisonment to death and a fine
ranging from P 500,000 to P 10 Million.
3. Any person who shall sell, trade, administer, dispense,
deliver, give awat to another or distribute, dispatch in
transit or transport any dangerous drugs regardless of
quantity and purity shall be punished with life imprisonment
to death and fine ranging from P 500,000 to P 10 Million.

 But if the sale, administration, delivery, distribution or

transportation of any of these illegal drugs transactions
shall also be meted with the maximum penalty.
 Pushers who use minors or mentally incapacitated
individuals as runners, couriers, and messengers or in
dangerous drug transactions shall be also meted with the
maximum penalty.
 A penalty of 12 yrs to 20 yrs imprisonment shall be
imposed on financiers, coddlers, and mangers of the illegal
activity.
4. The law also penalize anybody found in possession of any
item or para[hernaalia used to administer, produce,
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 105
Page

cultivate, propagate, harvest, compound, convert, process,

pack, store, contain or conceal illegal drugs with an
imprisonment of 12 yrs to 20 yrs and affine of P 100,000 to
P 500,000.
5. Owners of resort, dives, establishments, and other places
whre illegal drugs are administered is deemed liable under
this new law, the same shall be confiscated and escheated
in favor of the government.
6. Any person who shall be convicted of violation of this new
law, regardless of the quantity of the drugs and the
penalty imposed by the court shall not be allowed to vail
by privilege provisions of the Probation Law (P.D.968).

(SEC. 58, Art VIII) Filing of charges against a drug

dependent for confinement and rehabilitation under
voluntary submission program can be made:
1. Second commitment to the center
2. Upon recommendation of the DDB
3. May be charge for violation of sec.15
4. If convicted – confinement and rehabilitation

Parents, spouse or guardian who refuses to

cooperate with the Board or any concerned agency in
treatment and rehabilitation of a drug dependent may be
cited for Contempt of Court.(sec.73, Art. VIII).

Anti- Drug Drives and Operational Concepts

The following are samples of Operational Plans

(OPLANS) against the drug problem:
1. Plan Thunderbolt 1- operation to create an impact to the
underworld.
2. Oplan Thunderbolt II- operations used to neutralize
suspected illegal drug laboratories.
3. Oplan Thunderbolt III – operation for the neutralization of
big time drug pushers‘ drug dealers and drug lords.
4. Oplan Iceberg – special operations team in selected drug
prone areas in order to get rid of illegal drug activities in
the area.
5. Oplan Hunter – operations against suspected military and
police personnel who are engaged in illegal drug activities.
6. Oplan mercurion- operations against drug stores, which
are violating existing regulations on the scale of regulated
drugs in coordination with the DDB, DOH and BFAD.
7. Oplan Tornado – Operations in drug notorious and high
profile places.
8. Oplan Greengold- nationwide MJ eradication operations in
coordination with the local governments and NGO‘s.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 106
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9. Oplan Sagip-Yagit – A civic program initiated by NGO‘s

and local government offices to help eradicate drug
syndicates involving street children as drug conduit.
10. Oplan Banat- an operational plan against drug abuse
focused in the barangay level in coopearation with
barangay officials.
11. Oplan ANthena- operation conducted to neutralized the
14k, the Bamboo gang and other local organized crime
groups involved in illegal drug trafficking.
12. Oplan Cyclops- operations against Chinese triad members
involved in the illegal drug operations particularly
Methamphetamine Hydrochloride.

In the conduct of anti- drug operations, the following must

be strictly considered:

1. Respect for Human Rights (Sec. 11, Art. 2, Phil.

Constitution)
2. Respect for right of the people to due process and equal
protection (Sec.1 Art. 3, Phil. Constitution).
3. Respect of right of the people against unreasonable
search and seizure. (Sec. 2, Art. 3 Phil. Constitution).
4. Respect for right of the people to privacy of communication
(Sec. 3, Art. 3, Phil. Constitution).
5. Respect for constitutional rights of the accused undergoing
custodial investigation (R.A. 7438), (Sec. 12, Art. 3, Phil.
Constitution).
6. Respect for the statutory rights of the accused undergoing
custodial investigation under R.A.7438.

The Principles of Drug Operations are:

1. Knowledge on circumstance on when to use necessary

force (Art. 11, Chapter 3, RPC).
2. Knowledge on the statutory provisions on arrest (Rule 113,
Rules on Criminal Procedures).
3. Knowledge on the administrative guidelines on arrest,
search and seizure.
4. The Miranda Doctrine (384 U.S.346).
5. Warrantless Search and Search incidents to lawful arrest (
Rule 126, Rules on Criminal Procedure).

C. GENERAL RULES ON NARCOTICS OPERATION

General Rules and Procedures:

1. Only specially trained and completed drug enforcement

personnel shall conduct drug enforcement and prevention
operations.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 107
Page

2. All drug enforcement and prevention operations shall be

covered by a Pre-operations report.
3. All steps taken before, during and after the conduct of the
operation must be documented and properly
authenticated.
4. Operating units shall promptly submit written a report after
the operation.
5. No apprehender or seized item shall be released without
authorization from the duly designated authority.
6. All pieces of evidence confiscated will be deposited
with proper evidence custodian for safekeeping and
proper handling.
7. Each participating element must be given clear and do-
able task.

Coverage of the Rules

The rules governing narcotics operations cover the

following anti—narcotics operations.

a. Buy-bust operations
b. Search with warrant
c. MJ eradications
d. Mobile Check point Operations
e. Airport /seaport interdiction
f. Controlled delivery
g. Undercover operations
h. Narcotics investigation

Stages of Operations

Phase 1 – initial stage

 Planning and preparations which include surveillance,
casing, reconnaissance and other preliminary activities.
 Conduct the operation
Phase II – Action and post action stage
 Tactical interrogations (follow-up operation).
 Post operation
 Custodial investigation
 Prosecution
 Trial
 Resolution

Buy bust operations

Concept: it is a form of entrapment employed by

peace officers as an effective way of apprehending
criminal in the act of commission of the offense .
Entrapment has judicial sanction as long as it is carried
with due regard to constitutional and leagal safeguards.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 108
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Planning and Preparation: the operation must

preceded by an intensive surveillance, casing or other
intelligence operations and gathering, evaluation and
timely dissemination. Intelligence must be evidence based
and shall be supported by documents such as summaries
of info, maps, sketches, affidavits and sworn statements.

Search for Drug Evidence with Warrant

Concept: a search warrant is an order in writing issued

in the name of the People of the Philippines, signed by a judge
and directed to a peace officer, commanding him to search for
personal property describe therein and bring it before the court.
(Sec.1, rule 126, revised Rules of court)

Planning and Preparations: Prior to the procurement

of search warrant, intensive intelligence data gathering must be
undertaken, evidence-based and supported by credible
documents; conduct of surveillance, casing and other
intelligence operations; identification, movement, activities and
locations of suspects should be established; search warrant
shall be applied wit competent court; conduct of operation;
submission of reports.

Marijuana Eradication

Concept: Marijuana eradication involves the location

and destruction of marijuana plantations, including the
identification, arrest and prosecution of the planter, owner or
cultivator, and the escheating of the land where the plantation is
located.

Planning and Preparation: the planning and

operations shall be preceded by intelligence gathering to verify
the existence to be supported by documentary evidence such as
summary of information, maps, sketches, photographs and
others. A pre-operation order and after casing report must be
appropriately documented – the intelligence gathering.

Conduct of Operation- Briefing, rehearsals and proper

formation; exact location of the plantation must be established;
identify owner of the Land or the cultivators; Coordination with
the other operating units in the area; barangay SOPs under
rules of operations.

Mobile checkpoint Operations

Concept: No other forms of checkpoints other that

mobile checkpoint are authorized for drug enforcement and
prevention operations. They shall be established only in
conjunction with on-going operations/situation or when there is a
need to arrest a criminal.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 109
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Planning and Operations: intensive intelligence

gathering supported by credible documents, with proper pre-
operations orders and after surveillance or after casing report

Conduct of Operations: It shall be in consonance with

the existing SOPs on checkpoint operation.

Airport and Seaport Interdiction

Concept: airport and seaport interdiction involves

the conduct of surveillance, interception and interdiction of
persons and evidence during travel by air or sea vessels.

Planning and Operations: intensive intelligence

gathering supported by credible documents , with proper
pre-operations orders and after surveillance or after
casing reports.

Conduct of Operations : Coordination with airport

and seaport authorities shall be made. Operations shall be
in consonance with the existing SOPs on airport and
seaport check/operations.

Controlled Delivery

Concept: this is the technique of allowing elicit or

suspect consignment of narcotics drugs, psychotropic
substances substituted for them to pass out of, through or
into the territory of one or more countries, with the
knowledge and under the supervision of their competent
authorities with a view of identifying persons involved in the
commission of drug related offenses.

Planning and Operation: intensive intelligence

gathering and evaluation to determine the applicability of
controlled delivery operations. It must be supported by
credible documents, with proper pre-operations orders and
after surveillance or after casing reports. A committee or
board shall be constituted to study the project proposal for
the suitable employment of controlled delivery operation.

Conduct of Operations: proper formation for

accounting of personnel, coordination with airport, seaport
and other travelling agency authorities , and operations
shall be in consonant with the existing SOPs on controlled
delivery operations.

Undercover Operations
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 110
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Concept: Undercover operation is an investigative

technique in which the personnel involve assumes different
identities in order to obtain necessary information. This
technique may also be considered as a method of
surveillance.

Planning and Operation: Proper operations shall

be reported to only under circumstance where evidence
can be hardly obtained in an open investigation or when
an open investigation is unsuccessful.

Conduct of Operations: Proper briefing and

rehearsal, identification of effective cover and undercover,
buy bust or search with warrant operations, and operations
shall be in consonance with the existing SOPs on
undercover operations.

Thank you for reading the content. Now that you have
learned about Law Enforcement Approach on Drug Problem
and Salient Features of R.A.9165, do the succeeding learning
activities.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 111
Page

Learning Activity

Identification Type:
Directions: Identify the word or term being described,
defined or referred to by the following items. Write
your answer on the space provided before the number.

1. What is the title of Republic Act No.9165?

2. What is the title of Republic Act No.6425?
3. When was Republic Act No.9165 approved into law?
4. What law is called the Narcotic Law of 1953?
5. How many permanent members shall be appointed by
the
President for the Dangerous Drug Board (DDB) UNDER
THE
Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Law?

Thank you for completing the task.

And now, you are ready for the
assessment
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 112
Page

Assessment

Discussion
Directions: Briefly discuss your answer on the questions
below:

1. Identify the government‘s strategies I fighting the

drug problem.
2. State the mission and vision of the Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency.
3. Describe the operational plans of the PDEA as adopted
from its NARCOM beginning and their concepts.
4. Under what government office is the PDEA? What do you
think is the reason for its creation?
5. What composed the Dangerous Drug Board under R.A.
9165?

You had just completed Unit 5.

CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 113
Page

REFERENCES

Key Materials

 Calima, et. Al (2012), Compendium on Criminal Justice

Education; A Textbook on Philippine Criminology,
Wisemans Books Trading, Quezon City, Philippines

 PDEA-PNP AISOTF, Drug Situationer (2011 Anti-drug

Forum): A Paper Presentation, November 2011, PICC,
Philippines

 Reprinted (2010), Republic Act No. 9165 otherwise

known as “ The Comprehensive Dangerous Drug
Act of 2002”, Manila Philippines

 Printed (2009), The Manual of Procedures on Anti-Drug

Operation, Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency,
Metro Manila, Philippines.

 Reprinted (2009), The Revised Rules of Court, Manila

Philippines

 Reprinted (2008) , The Revised Penal Code of the

Philippines, Philippines, Graphic Arts, Inc, Caloocan
City, Manila.

 Reprinted (2007),The 1987 Philippine Constitution,

Manila Philippines.

 Manwong, R (2010), My Quizzer in Criminology: A

Reviewer, Series 4, WBT, Quezon City, Philippines.

 Manwong, R (2007) Instructional Materials in Drug

Education and Vice Control, 2nd Edition, WBT, Quezon
City, Philippines.

 Manwong, R. (2006), Instructional Materials in Drug

Education and Vice Control, Master‟s Thesis,
University of Baguio, Baguio City, Philippines.

 Manwong R. (2002), Drug Education and Vice Control:

A textbook for Criminology Students, Valencia Books
& Publication, Baguio City, Philippines.

 Sotto, V.III (1994) , A Vision for a Drug Free

Philippines, Mary Jo Publishing/Educational Supply,
Sampaloc, Manila.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 114
Page

 Sharma, B.R (1977). Forensic Science IN Criminal

Investigation, Central Law Agency, University Rd,
Allahabad

 Vidal, P. (1998). War Against Drug Abuse, Mary Jo

Publishing/Educational Supply, Sampaloc, Manila

 Dungo, J (1998), Notes on Drug Education and Vice

Control, Philippine College of Criminology, Manila
Philippines

 Coleman, J. (1980), Abnormal Psychology and Modern

Life, JMC Press Inc.

Secondary Materials

 (2010) PDEA Annual Report

 (2009) NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular 2009-001

 (2005-2009), UNODC Annual Reports

 (2000), Dangerous Drugs Board Resolutions

 (1998-2004), DDB Annual Report

 (1998) UN Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic

Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.

 History of Marijuana and Cannabis Use and Abuse,

downloaded copy, December 2012, www.erowid.org

 Marijuana – The first 12, 000 years, downloaded copy

December 2012, www.druglibrray.org

 Cannabis History – Detailed Timeline. Downloaded

copy, December 2012, www.drugs-forum.com

 Opium Timeline – downloaded copy,

www.heroinhelper.com

 AWAKE Magazine, November 1999 Issue and March

2000 Issue

 Dangerous Drug Board , A Pamphlet prepared by M.C.

Avendano, DDB Secretary
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 115
Page

 Drug Abuse Prevention, A Pamphlet prepared and

distributed by the U.S. Department of Health,
Education and Welfare

 Drug Abuse : Some Questions and Answers , A leaflet

prepared and distributed by DDB.

 Drug laws, A leaflet prepared and distributed by DDB

 Facts on Drug Abuse , A Flipchart by Maria Luz

Rezpall, 1993, exclusively distributed by Mary Jo
Educational Supply.

 HEALTH AND HOME Magazine, September to October

1995 Issue

 Manual on Drug Operation, Memorandum from Jewel

Canson, Executive Director, DEP, July 1999

 National Drug Law Enforcement and Prevention

Coordinating Center, A leaflet prepared and distributed
by the ndep

 Drug Education: A Reviewer in Criminology, UC-BCF

Criminology Review Center,1996-2002

 Onward to a Drug Free Philippines: A momentum Goal,

A report prepared by the PNP Narcotics Command,
1995-1996

 Philippine Daily Inquirer, Science and Health Portion,

March 24, 2001 and September 23, 2000

 PNP Criminal Investigation Manual, prepared and

Distributed by CIDG

 Report on the National Conference- Workshop on Drug

Abuse Prevention and Control, November 28-29, 1996,
Manila Hotel

 Republic Act 6425, Dangerous Drug Act of 1972.

 Stay Healthy and Live Longer, A leaflet prepared and

distributed by DOH

 Smoking, A leaflet prepared by United Laboratories

 Towards a Drug Free Philippines , A Report prepared

by the Philippine National Police (PNP)
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 116
Page

 What You Should Know About Marijuana a leaflet

prepared and distributed by DDB

 What You Should Know About Sedative-Hypnotic, A

leaflet prepared and distributed by DDB

 You Can Do It, A magazine against smoking

Electronic Materials/ Sources

 www.unodc.org
 www.danboard.gov.ph
 www.noslang.com
 www.southsoundmedicine.com
 www.heroinhelper.com
 www.drugs-forum.com
 www.druglibrary.org
 www.erowid.org
 en..wikipedia.org
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 117
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Appendix

BOARD REGULATION NO.2,S.2000

SUBJECT: CUSTODY & DISPOSITION OF SEIZED

DANGEROUS DRUGS AND PARAPHERNALIA.

Pursuant to the powers vested in the Dangerous Drug

Board under Section 36 (a) and (b) of R.A. 6425, “The
Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972”, as amended , the
following guidelines are hereby prescribed on the
custody and disposition of dangerous drugs:

A) GENERAL PROVISION

Sec.1. Definition of Terms

 Act: Refer to Republic Act No. 6425, The Dangerous Drug

Act of 1972, as amended.
 Dangerous Drugs or “Drugs”: Refer to prohibited and
regulated drugs as defined in Section 2 , Article 1 of the
Act and shall include controlled substances and the
instruments, apparatuses and articles for the use,
administration or manufacture of the drugs;
 Board: Refers to the Dangerous Board created under
Section 35, Article VIII of the Act;
 Chairperson: Refers to the Secretary of the Justice acting
as Chairperson of the Board;
 Executive Director: Refers to the Executive Director of
the Board;
 BFAD: Refers to the Bureau of Foods and Drugs.

Sec.2. SEIZURE OR CONFISCATION OF DANGEROUS

DRUGS – all dangerous drugs, when unlawfully used or
found in the possession of any person not authorized to
have control and disposition of the same, or when found
secreted or abandoned, shall be seized by any national,
provincial or local law enforcement agency.

Sec. 3 INVENTORY AND MARKING OF SEIZED DRUGS

– Immediately after the seizure or confiscation of
dangerous drugs, the head of the apprehending team shall
have the same physically inventoried, weighed and
photographed in the presence of the person found to have
used or who possessed the same. If there be any, and / or
his representative. The later shall be required to sign the
copies of the inventory report covering the drugs and shall
be given a copy thereof. The drugs shall be properly
packed , marked and labeled by the apprehending team.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 118
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Sec.4. NOTIFICATION OF BOARD – The apprehending

team shall notify the Executive Director by the fastest
means possible of the drug seizure made and who has
present custody of the drugs, and submit to the Executive
Director a copy of the inventory report covering the seized
drugs within ten (10) days after the seizure.

Sec.5. TURNOVER OF THE SEIZED DRUGS – All

dangerous drugs that are seized in the National Capital
Region shall be turned over to the PNP Crime Laboratory,
if the apprehending team is from the PNP, or to the NDI
laboratory, if the apprehending team is from the NBI or
other Law Enforcement agency.

Drugs that are seized outside Metro Manila shall be

turned over by the head of the apprehending team to the
nearest PNP or NBI laboratory, as the case may be , for
examination/testing depending on the affiliation of said
team as provided above.

Sec. 6 . PERIOD FOR TURNED OVER – Except for

meritorious reason, the seized drugs shall be turned over
to the PNP Crime Laboratory or to the NBI Laboratory, as
the case may be, within twenty-four (24) hours from the
line of the seizure.

Sec.7. HOW TURNOVER IS MADE – The seized drugs

shall be turned over by hand or by most secure and fastest
means to the PNP Crime Laboratory or NBI Laboratory by
the head or a designated member of the apprehending
team.

Sec.17. COMPOSITION OF FIELD INVENTORY

COMMITTEE – The Field Inventory Committee shall be
headed by the leader of the apprehending team. The
members of the Committee shall be the Chairperson and
head teacher of the Barangay where the marijuana plants
were uprooted/seize or their duly authorized
representatives. However, if the Barangay Chairperson or
head teacher is involved in the cultivation of the plants, he
or she shall be replaced by a ranking member of the
Barangay Council.

Sec. 18. DISPOSITION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS NO

LONGER NEEDED AS EVIDENCE IN COURT. - After the
promulgation of judgement in the criminal case wherein the
seized drugs were presented as evidence, the trial
prosecutor shall request the court for leave to turn over
said drugs to the Board for proper disposition.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 119
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Sec.19. ACTION OF INVESTIGATING PROSECUTOR

AFETR THE TERMINATION OF THE CASE. – The
investigating prosecutor shall inform the Executive Director
of the final termination of the investigation of the case
wherein the seized drugs were presented and shall as
soon as possible cause the immediately turnover of said
drugs to the Board.

Sec.20.DISPOSAL COMMITTEE; COMPOSITION AND

DUTIES. – There shall be a committee under the
supervision of the Executive Director that shall examine,
classify the list of the dangerous drugs which are in the
custody of the board; and determined which of them shall
be sold, donated or destroyed.

The committee shall be composed of a representative of

the Board, as chairperson, and as members, a chemist,
each from the NBI and the PNP, and a pharmacist from the
BFAD, all of whom shall be designated by the heads of
their respective agencies.

Sec.21. MEETINGS OF DISPOSAL COMMITTEE- The

Disposal Committee shall meet as often as necessary at
the call of its chairperson. The Committee shall summit a
monthly report on the quantity of each drug in the
government custody to the Executive Director. A copy
thereof shall be furnished to the Chairperson, the Director
of BFAD, the Chief PNP and the Director.

Sec.22 PUBLICATION OF LIST OF DRUGS FOR

DONATION - Upon the receipt of the report of the
Disposal Committee, the Executive Director shall cause
the Publication, in a newspaper of general circulation, the
list of dangerous drugs, which is its opinion are fit for
human use/consumption. Any government institution or
private charitable organization duly authorized to deal in
dangerous drugs, which needs the same for medical or
research purposes, any apply to the Chairperson for nay of
the listed drugs. The government institution or private
charitable organization whose requisition is approved by
the Chairperson may receive said drugs by way of
donation.

Sec.23. PUBLICATION OF SALE OF DANGEROUS

DRUGS – All useful dangerous drugs in the custody of the
Board which are not disposed to by way of donation
maybe sold after public bidding to a private entity duly
authorized to deal in dangerous drugs in such quantity to
be requisition is approved by the Chairperson may receive
said drugs by way of donation.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 120
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Sec.24. MEANING OF AN ENTITY DULY AUTHORIZED

TO DEAL IN DANGEROUS DRUGS – As used in the
preceding two sections, a government institution , private
charitable organization or a private entity duly authorized
to deal in dangerous drugs is one which is legally
authorized or has a license or permit issued by the Board
to deal in dangerous drugs and complies with the
regulations governing transactions in dangerous drugs.

Sec.25 MONTHLY REPORT OF DONATES AND

BUYERS OF SEIZED DRUGS- All donates, whether
private or government, and all buyers residing in the
Philippines, which receive the dangerous drugs in
accordance with the provisions of the two preceding
sections, shall be required to submit a monthly report to
the Board, starting therein the amount of drugs consumed;
the purpose for which they were used; the names of the
parties, if any, to whom the drugs were administered; and
the names of the physicians in the employ of the entity who
dispensed the drugs; or the name of its personnel who
utilized the drug for research purposes.

Sec.26.TRANSFER OF DRUGS FOR USE IN

GOVERNMENT PROJECT. Upon written request and if
public interest will be served thereby, the Board may
transfer drugs in its custody, that are no longer needed as
evidence in any criminal proceedings or investigation to
any government agency or office for use in a research,
training or similar project.

Sec.27. CONTENTS OF REQUEST FOR THE

TRANSFER OF DRUGS- The written request mentioned in
the proceeding section shall specify:

a. The purpose , design and extent of the research of other

activity;
b. The names of all the individuals who will participate in the
activity;
c. The specific method for using the drugs to be transferred;
d. The official who shall received the drugs from the Board
and who shall be responsible for its storage, inventory
and/or issuance to those who will participate in the activity.

Sec.28. DUTIES OF AGENCY RECEIVEING DRUGS

FOR RESEARCH, etc. The government agency or office
receiving drugs from the board for uses in research or
similar activities shall have the following responsibilities:
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 121
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a. Ensure the proper storage and control of the drugs;

b. Establish adequate security to prevent the diversion of the
drugs or unauthorized access thereto;
c. Immediately report to the Board the loss or accidental
destruction of the drugs;
d. Submit an inventory report to the board by December 31
of each year on the amount of drugs used or disposed in
the research or other activity; the name of the person to
whom it was issued, the date it was issued; and
e. Submit a final report to the Board if all of the drugs have
been consumed or used, or if the project or activity where
they are to be used closed or terminated.

Sec. 29. RETURN OF UNUSED DRUGS – Drugs still in

supply after the project or activity for which are intended
has been closed or terminated shall be returned under
receipt to the Board.

Sec.30. INTERNATIONAL TRANSFER OF SAMPLES OF

SEIZED DRUGS; REQUEST FORM OF REQUEST- The
Board may, upon the written request of a local law
enforcement agency. Authorized the transfer of samples of
seized drugs to government agency in a foreign country.
The request shall be in writing and shall contain the
following information:
a. The name and address of the consignee; and
b. The description of the dangerous drugs being transferred,
its weight/quantity.

Sec. 31. AUTHORIZATION – The authorization for the

international transfer of samples of seized drugs shall be
issued by the Board using a prescribe form. Copies of the
Board‘s authorization from shall be distributed as follows:

a. In country
a. 1. The original copy of the authorization from shall
accompany the sample;
a.2. a file copy of the authorization from shall be given to
the sending agency, the Board and the Custodian.
b. Receiving country
b. 1. A file of the authorization from shall be given to the
designated foreign national authority.

Sec.32. PROCEDURE FOR TRANSFER OF SAMPLE

DANGEROUS DRUGS- Upon receipt of the transfer
authorization form from the Board, the local law
enforcement agency may dispatch the sample of the
dangerous drugs to the foreign consignee together with the
original copy of the Board‘s authorization form, which copy
shall remain with the sample until it reaches the foreign
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 122
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consignee. The sending agency shall advise the consignee

of the expected date of arrival of the sample. After receipt
of the sample, the consignee shall complete the send said
portion to the Board. The board shall then complete and
transmit said form to the designated foreign national
authority.

Sec.33 DESTRUCTION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS -

Dangerous drugs which are not disposed of within a period
of two (2) years from the date they are declared by the
Board as fit for human consumption or use shall be
destroyed as provided hereunder.

Sec.34. DISPOSITION REPORTS ON DANGEROUS

DRUGS – The Board shall submit a certified report to the
President of the all dangerous drugs, instruments and
apparatus destroyed or otherwise disposed of. It shall
furnish the secretary of Justice, the Secretary of Health,
the Secretary of National Defense, the Secretary of
Finance and the Chairman of the Commission on Adult
with copies of said report.

Sec.35. PLACE AND MANNER OF DESTRUCTION –

Dangerous drugs shall be destroyed by burning in the
boiler furnace of the San Lazaro Crematorium or in the City
of Manila Cemetery, whichever may be convenient or
practical. The destruction shall be witnessed by atleast two
members of the Board. The official so designated shall
have the following duties:

a. Keep a record of the persons witnessing the destruction;

b. Ensure that the dangerous drugs to be destroyed are
properly weighed and examined by the chemist of the
Board, the PNP and the NBI, in the presence of witnesses;
c. Maintain order during the destruction; and
d. Submit a written report of the destruction to the Board.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 123
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Glossary of Terms

Administer – The act of introducing any dangerous drug

into the body of any person with or without his knowledge.

Chemical – It is any substance taken into the body that

alters the way and the mind and the body work.

Chemical Abuse – It is an instance when the use of

chemical has produced negative or harmful consequences.

Centers – Any of the treatment and rehabilitation centers

for drug dependents refereed to under Section 34, Article
VIII of of Republic Act 9165 (Comprehensive Dangerous
Drug Act of 2002)

Chemical Diversion – The sale, distribution, supply or

transport of legitimately imported, in-transit, manufactured
or procured controlled precursors and essential chemicals,
in diluted, mixtures or in concentrated form, to any person
or entity engaged in the manufacture of any dangerous
drug, and shall include packaging, repackaging, labeling,
relabeling or concealment of such transaction through
fraud, destruction of documents, fraudulent use of permits,
misdeclaration, use of front companies or mail fraud.

Clandestine Laboratory – Any facility used for the illegal

manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical.

Confirmatory Test – An analytical test using a device,

tool or equipment with a different chemical or physical
principle that is more specific which will validate and
confirm the result of the screening test.

Controlled Delivery – The investigative technique of

allowing an unlawful or suspect consignment of any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical, equipment or paraphernalia, or property believed
to be derived directly or indirectly from any offense, to pass
into, through or out of the country under the supervision of
an authorized officer, with a view to gathering evidence to
identify any person involved in any dangerous drugs
related offense, or to facilitate prosecution of that offense.

Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals-

Include those listed in Tables 1 and II of the1988 UN
Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and
Psychotropic Substances.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 124
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Cultivate or Culture – Any act of knowingly planting,

growing, raising, or permitting the planting, growing,
raising, or permitting the planting, growing or raising of any
plant which is the source of a dangerous drug.

Dangerous Drugs- Include those listed in the Schedules

annexed to the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs,
as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and in the Schedules
annexed to the 1971 Single Convention on Psychotropic
Substances.

Deliver- Any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to

another, personally or otherwise, and by any means, with
or without consideration.

Den, Dive or Resort – A place where any dangerous drug

and / or controlled precursor and essential chemical is
administered, delivered, stored for illegal purposes,
distributed, sold or used in any form.

Dispense – Any act of giving away, selling or distributing

medicine or any dangerous drug with or without the use of
prescription.

Drug – Traditionally, drugs are synthetic chemicals used

as medicine or in the making of medicines, which affects
the body and mind and have potential for abuse. Drug in
its criminological meaning, refers to substances, other
than food and water that is intended to be taken or
administered for the purpose of altering, sustaining or
controlling recipient‘s physical, mental or emotional state.

Drug Abuse – It is the illegal, wrongful or improper use of

any drug.

Drug Addiction- It refers to the state of periodic or chronic

intoxication produced by the repeated consumption of a
drug.

Drug Experimenter- One who illegally, wrongfully, or

improperly uses any narcotic substances for reasons of
curiosity, peer pressure, or other similar reasons.

Drug Dependence – The World Health Organization

defines it is a cluster of physiological, behavioral and
cognitive phenomena of variable intensity, in which the use
of psychoactive drug takes on a high priority thereby
involving, among others, a strong desire or a sense of
compulsion to take the substance and the difficulties in
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 125
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controlling substance- taking behavior in terms of its onset,

termination, or levels of use.

Drug Syndicate – Any organized group of two (2) or more

persons forming or joining together with the intention of
committing any offense prescribed under Republic Act
9165.

Employee of Den, Dive or resort – The caretaker, helper,

watchman, lookout, and other persons working in the den,
dive or resort, employed by the maintainer, owner and/or
operator where any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical is administered,
delivered,, distributed, sold or used, with or without
compensation, in connection with the operation thereof.

Financier – Any person who pays for, raises or supplies

money for, or underwrites any of the illegal activities
prescribed under Republic Act 9165.

Illegal Trafficking – The illegal cultivation, culture,

delivery, administration, dispensation, manufacture, sale,
trading, transportation, distribution, importation,
exportation and possession of any dangerous drug and/ or
controlled precursor and essential chemical.

Instrument – Anything that is used in or intended to be

used in any manner in the commission of illegal drug
trafficking or related offenses.

Laboratory Equipment- The paraphernalia, apparatus,

materials or appliances when used, intended for use or
designed for use in the manufacture of any dangerous
drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical,
such as reaction vessel, preparative/purifying equipment,
fermentors, separatory funnel, flask, heating mantle gas
generator, or their substitute.

Manufacture- The production, preparation, compounding

or processing of any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemicals, either directly or
indirectly or by extraction from substances of natural
origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis or
by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis or
by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis,
and shall include any packaging or repackaging of such
substances, design or configuration of its form, or labeling
or relabeling of its container; except that such terms do not
include the preparation, compounding, packaging or
labeling of a drug or other substances by a duly authorized
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 126
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practitioner as an incident to his/her administration or

dispensation of such drug or substance in the course of
his/her professional practice including research, teaching
and chemical analysis of dangerous drugs or such
substances that are not intended for sale or for any other
purpose.

Marijuana- (Cannabis) or ―Indian Hemp‖ or by its any

other name. Embraces every kind, class, genus, or specie
of the plant Cannabis sativa L. including, but not limited to,
Cannabis Americana, hashish, bhang, guaza, churrus and
ganjab, and embraces every kind, class and character of
marijuana, whether dried or fresh and flowering, flowering
or fruiting tops, or any part or portion of the plant and
seeds thereof, and all its geographic varieties, whether as
a refer, resin, extract, tincture or in any form whatsoever.

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) – known

as‖ Ecstasy‖, or by its any other name. Also refers to the
drug having such chemical composition, including any of
its isomers or derivatives in any form.

Methamphetamine Hydrochloride – Commonly known

as ―Shabu‖, ―Ice‖, ―Meth‖, or by its any other name. Also
refers to the drug having such chemical composition,
including any of its isomers or derivatives in any form.

Narcotic Drug- Refers to illegally used drugs or

dangerous drugs which are either prohibited or regulated
drugs. It also refers to drugs that produces sleep or stupor
and relieves pain due to its depressant effect on the CNS.
The term Narcotic comes from the Greek word
―narcotikos‖. It is sometimes known as ―opiates‖.

Opium - Refers to the coagulated juice of the opium poppy

( Papaver somniferum L.) and embraces every kind, class
and character of opium, whether crude or prepared; the
ashes or refuse of the same; narcotic preparations thereof
or therefore from; morphine or any alkaloid of opium;
preparations in which opium, morphine or any alkaloid of
opium enters as an ingredient; opium poppy; opium poppy
straw; and leaves or wrapping of opium leaves, whether
prepared for use or not.

Opium Poppy- Refers to any part of the plant of the

species Papaver somniferum L., Papaver setigerum DC,
Papaver rhoes, which includes the seeds, straws,
branches, leaves or any part thereof, or substances
derived therefrom, even for floral, decorative and culinary
purposes.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 127
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Planting of Evidence – The willfull act by any person of

maliciously and surreptitiously inserting, placing, adding or
attaching directly or indirectly. Through any overt or covert
act, whatever quantity of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical in the person,
house, effects or in the immediate vicinity of an innocent
individual for the purpose of implicating. Incriminating or
imputing the commission of any violation of Republic Act
9165.

Protector/Coddler- Any person who knowingly and

willfully consents to the unlawful acts provided for in this
Act and uses his/her influence, power or position in
shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating the escape of
any person he/she knows, or has reasonable grounds to
believe on or suspects, has violated the provisions of
Republic Act 9165 in order to prevent the arrest,
prosecution and conviction of the violator.

Pusher- Any person, who sells, trades, administers,

dispenses, delivers or gives away to another, on any terms
whatsoever, or distributes, dispatches in transit or
transports dangerous drugs or who acts as a broker in any
of such transactions, in violation of Republic Act 9165.

Physical Dependence- An adaptive state caused by

repeated drug use that reveals itself by development of
intense physical symptoms when the drug is stopped
(withdrwal syndrome).

Psychological Dependence – An attachment to drug use

which arises from a drug ability to satisfy some emotional
or personality needs of an individual.

Rehabilitation- It is a dynamic process directed towards

the changes of the health of the person to prepare him
from his fullest life potentials and capabilities, and making
him law abiding and productive member of the community
without abusing drugs.

Screening Test- A rapid test performed to establish

potential/preumptive positive result.

Sell- Any act of giving away any dangerous drug and/or

controlled precursor and essential chemical whether for
money or any other consideration.

Trading – Transactions involving the illegal trafficking of

dangerous drugs and/ or controlled precursors and
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 128
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essential chemicals using electronics devices such as, but

not limited to, text messages, email, mobile or landlines,
two-way radios, internet, instants messengers and chat
rooms or acting as a broker in any of such transactions
wheter for money or any other consideration in violation of
Republic Act 9165.

Tolerance- It is the tendency to increase dosage of drugs

to maintain the same effect in the body.

Treatment – A medical service rendered to a client for the

effective management of his total condition related to drug
abuse. It deals with the psychological and psychosocial
complications arising from drug abuse.

Use- Any act of injecting, intravenously or intramuscularly,

of consuming, either by chewing, smoking, sniffing, eating,
swallowing, drinking or otherwise introducing in to the
physiological system of the body, and of the dangerous
drugs.
CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 129
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KEY ANSWERS
 CDI 8- Vice and Drug Education and Control 130
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