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Lesson 7 Argumentative-Persusaive - Discursive

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16 views7 pages

Lesson 7 Argumentative-Persusaive - Discursive

Uploaded by

abdullahzahidhp
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Argumentative/Persuasive Writing

Preamble

What have you learnt in previous lessons about stages of writing?


Where can you utilize that knowledge?
General introduction to different types of writing
Descriptive and Narrative Writing

Learning Outcomes
After learning this topic the students will
• Be familiar with the particular techniques of Persuasive writing
• Be able to write a Persuasive Document

ARE YOU READY?


Have you ever tried to persuade others to accept your point of view?
What strategies do you use argue for or against anything in your daily dealings?
Do you find yourself successful in convincing others?
Topic: Argumentative Writing

In persuasive or argumentative writing, we try to convince others to agree with our


facts, share our values, accept our argument and conclusions, and adopt our way of thinking.
In this kind of essay, we not only give information but also present an argument with the
PROS (supporting ideas) and CONS (opposing ideas) of an argumentative issue. We should
clearly take our stand and write as if we are trying to persuade an opposing audience to
adopt new belief or behaviour. The primary objective is to persuade people to change beliefs
that many of them do not want to change.

Here are some strategies to complete a persuasive writing assignment:

• Write out the questions in your own words. Think of the questions posed in the
assignment while you are reading and researching.

• List out facts; consider their importance: Ask yourself "What's missing?"

• What are the "hot buttons" of the issue? List possible emotions/emotional reactions
and recognize them for later use

• Start writing a draft! Do not concern yourself with grammar or spelling

• Write your first paragraph. Introduce the topic. Inform the reader of your point of
view! Entice the reader to continue with the rest of the paper!
• Focus on three main points to develop
1. Establish flow from paragraph to paragraph
2. Keep your voice active
3. Quote sources to establish authority

• Stay focused on your point of view throughout the essay. Focus on logical
arguments.

• Conclusion
Summarize, then conclude, your argument, refer to the first paragraph/opening
statement as well as the main points. Does the conclusion restate the main ideas?
Reflect the succession and importance of the arguments.

• Edit/rewrite the first paragraph to better telegraph your development and


conclusion.

• Re-read your paper with a fresh mind and a sharp pencil. Take a day or two off!
Ask yourself:
➢ Does this make sense? Am I convinced?
➢ Will this convince a reader?
➢ Will they understand my values, and agree with my facts?

Edit, correct, and re-write as necessary. Check spelling and grammar! Have a friend
read it and respond to your argument. Were they convinced? Revise if necessary

Do… Don’t…
…use passionate language …use weak qualifiers like “I believe,” “I feel,” or
“I think”—just tell us!
…cite experts who agree with you …claim to be an expert if you’re not one
…provide facts, evidence, and statistics …use strictly moral or religious claims as support
to support your position for your argument
…provide reasons to support your …assume the audience will agree with you about
claim any aspect of your argument
…address the opposing side’s argument …attempt to make others look bad (i.e. Mr. Smith
and refute their claims is ignorant—don’t listen to him!)

Read more at http://examples.yourdictionary.com/essay-


examples.html#Xy0DD6p5bkPhlbr7.99

Challenging Exercise

Write an argumentative essay on any controversial topic. For example


• Mobile phones in Colleges
• Wearing Jeans in University

Get it reviewed from your peer to see if he is convinced by your arguments.


What are the strong points of your essay?
What are the weaknesses of your writing?

What did you learn?


(1) Describe different techniques of an argumentative essay?

Home Assignment
Write a persuasive circular for any business purpose.
Next Lesson Preview
Discursive Writing
Discursive Writing
Preamble

What have you learnt in previous lessons about stages of writing?


Where can you utilize that knowledge?
General introduction to different types of writing

Learning Outcomes
After learning this topic the students will
• Be familiar with the particular techniques of a Discursive
• Be able to use Discursive strategies for documents

ARE YOU READY?


Have you ever made analysis of any topic in a balanced way?
What strategies do you use to be objective and neutral in your written expression?

Topic: Discursive Writing

The goal of a discursive writing is to present a balanced and objective examination of a


subject. Like an argumentative essay, the topic may be controversial, but the discursive essay
attempts to present a much more balanced discussion of the issue. The writer should present
both sides of the discussion, supported by facts and research. The author may draw tentative
conclusions about the subject and suggest them to the reader.

Discursive Style
• The discursive style is written in a more formal and impersonal style than other
writing styles. It begins with an introduction to the topic.
• Each issue should be discussed in a separate paragraph and each paragraph should
begin with a strong topic sentence.
• A discursive writing will typically alternate a point followed by its counterpoint.
• Discursive writings often have transitional words leading into the next paragraph.
• The writer may choose to either express a low-key opinion in the final paragraph
or leave readers to draw their own conclusions.

Techniques for Discursive Writing


• Argue For
Once you have chosen the topic you plan to write on, one technique is to strongly argue
for one particular stance. The topic should ideally be something somewhat controversial so that
you can fully embrace your position. For example, you could choose a topic such as abortion
and provide a different argument or piece of evidence supporting your position in each
paragraph. One argument could state that it is the woman's fundamental right to make decisions
regarding her own body.

• Argue Against
Choose a controversial topic and take a stance that strongly disagrees with it. Arguing for
abortion would mean you have the same viewpoint as someone arguing against "pro-life"
politics, but the technique of the essay would be different. Arguing against a viewpoint should
focus more on why that stance is wrong versus why the opposing stance is right. Arguing
against "pro-life" views might use the misguidance of religious groups dabbling in politics to
support that this stance is wrong.

• Balanced Argument
Another technique is to show both sides of the argument from a balanced perspective.
Since you must state your stance at the beginning, make sure to clarify what aspects keep you
tied in the middle. For example, you may state that you believe in both the mother's right to
choose as well as the fetus's right to live, and therefore recognize that the situation is
fundamentally unjust. You can then take turns alternating between stances from one paragraph
to the next throughout the essay.

• Accept Both Sides, Support One More


This technique is perhaps the most effective in winning another person over to your
position, because it shows that you have the capacity for understanding both sides, yet your
judgment has led you to favour one over the other. In your introduction, state why you are able
to understand one side of the argument, yet why you must ultimately support the other. For
example, you might state that you believe abortion is unfair to the unborn child, but that the
lives of those living should be given more importance. You could then argue about the
importance of the mother's choice, the burden on society from unwanted children and the
overpopulation problem in the world at large.
Read more at http://examples.yourdictionary.com/essay-
examples.html#Xy0DD6p5bkPhlbr7.99

Interactive Session

What is your understanding of the material presented in this lesson?


Which techniques you would use to make a balanced analysis of any topic?

What did you learn?


What is a sensitive topic for writing?
What is a discursive writing?

Practice Discursive Writing


Vegetarianism
Write an essay describing the benefits and drawbacks of becoming a vegetarian, a diet that
consists of no meat. In the paper, introduce the pros of having a meat-free diet, such as
lower cholesterol, and the cons, such as protein deficiency. Argue your opinion through a
moral lens, also; some believe eating meat is cruelty to animals. Carnivores, on the other
hand, believe that certain animals are meant to be used as protein sources. Taking a look at
vegetarian practices in some religions and cultures will help make convincing research.
Any Other Topic of your Choice

Home Assignment
Write an essay on any one of the given topics.
i. Mobile phones in for college students
ii. Being a Morning Person

Next Lesson Preview


Letter Writing

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