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6 views13 pages

Stca1 35001620006

This

Uploaded by

rohitkuma9996
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Basic of Sensor & Transducers

Name:- Jagannath Dutta


Roll:- 35001620006
Dept:- Electrical Engineering
Sem:- 8th Year:- 4th
Subject:-Sensor and
Tranducers
Subject Code:- OE-EE-801D
Introduction to
Transducers
A transducer is an electronic device that converts energy from one form to
another. The process of converting energy from one form to another is known
as transduction. Some common examples of transducers include loudspeakers,
microphones, thermometers and LEDs.
Parameters of Transducers
Sensitivity Linear Range
The degree to which a transducer's output signal Transducers should ideally work within a
signal changes as its input changes is a crucial proportional range where the output is linearly
crucial parameter. linearly related to input.

Stability Accuracy
Reliable performance over time without The ability of a transducer to mirror the precise
fluctuations is vital for any quality transducer. precise value of sensed energy is essential for
transducer. for valid readings.
Types of Transducers: Active and Passive

Active Transducers Passive Transducers

Active transducers, also known as self-generating, do Passive transducers need an external power source
generating, do not require an external power source to produce a signal and are commonly used in
source to function. various applications.

• Piezoelectric crystals • Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs)


• Thermocouples • Strain gauges
• Photovoltaic cells • Capacitive sensors
Transducers: Advantages and Disadvantages
Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages

• It converts one form of energy to the other • The electric transducers are less reliable than
• Simple circuit the mechanical type transducers

• Easy to operate • Expensive sensing elements

• Easy noise detection and removal • The use of active components to improve
aging effects makes the circuit complex.
• Low power consumption
• It is suitable for any device or system
• It is used for the process of measurement
Working Principle of Transducers

1 Energy Input
The transducer receives energy from the measured property, such as temperature,
pressure, or light.

2 Conversion Process
Internal mechanisms convert the input energy into a measurable electrical signal.

3 Output Signal
The resultant electrical signal is then transmitted for display or further processing.
processing.
Applications of Transducers in Various
Industries

1 Healthcare 2 Automotive
Medical devices utilize transducers for In vehicles, transducers aid in monitoring and
diagnostics and patient monitoring. and controlling engine functions.

3 Manufacturing 4 Consumer Electronics


Industrial sensors in assembly lines ensure From smartphones to home appliances,
ensure quality control and automation. transducers make smart technology possible.
possible.
Introduction to Sensor
A sensor is a device that receives a signal or stimulus and responds to the
stimulus in the form of an electrical signal. The output signals correspond to
some forms of electrical signal, such as current or voltage.
Parameters of Sensors
Selectivity The sensor's ability to discern between different
types of input.

Range The span of values within which the sensor


operates effectively.

Resolution The smallest change in the environment that the


the sensor can reliably detect.

Response Time The duration the sensor takes to react to input


input changes.
Types of Sensors
Temperature Sensors
They measure thermal changes and generate data critical for environmental control.

Pressure Sensors
These sensors are crucial for fluid dynamics and aerodynamics in various
applications.

Motion Sensors
Used in security systems and automation, they detect and respond to movement.
Sensor Advantage
• Sensors can automate responsibilities and methods, growing performance and accuracy.
• Sensors may be used to screen situations and collect records in real-time, taking into account brief and
brief and knowledgeable choice-making.
• Sensors may be used to screen and manipulate structures remotely, permitting faraway operation and
maintenance.
• Sensors may be used to enhance protection by detecting fuel line leaks or the presence of human beings
human beings or items in dangerous regions.
• Sensors may be used to preserve resources, adjust the construction temperature based totally on
occupancy or turn off lighting while a room isn't in use.
Sensor Disadvantage
• Sensors may be expensive, in particular, if they're excessive-precision or specialized.
• Sensors may be fragile and can want to be covered from bodily harm or severe temperatures.
• Sensors may be tormented by interference from different sources, electromagnetic fields, or sensors.
• Sensors also require ordinary calibration to make certain accuracy.
• Sensors might also have restrained ranges, which means they'll no longer be capable of degree very
excessive or very low values.
• Sensors might also have restrained resolution, which means they'll no longer be capable of locating small
adjustments within the bodily belongings they're measuring.
• Sensors may not be appropriate for all environments, as a few sensors may not be capable of facing up to
excessive ranges of moisture or dust.
THANK YOU

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