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Worksheet Answers

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Ng Lit Phin
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Answers Worksheet

Physical weathering and erosion

Task A: Weathering
1) a) Match each type of weathering to the correct description.
b) Match each description to the appropriate picture.

biological Due to reactions with the


minerals in rock.

chemical Due to the application of


forces.

physical Caused by the actions of


plants / animals.

2) In the picture below, label two places where different examples of weathering are
taking place.

For each example, describe what is happening.

As roots of plants grow,


Changes of
they can weaken rocks
temperature can
causing biological
cause physical
weathering.
weathering.

1
Answers Physical weathering and erosion Worksheet

Task B: Physical weathering


1) Match each key word to the best description.

weathering A process by which water seeps into cracks,


freezes and expands.

The temperature at which there is a change


freeze-thaw
of state between a liquid and a solid.

expansion The weakening and breaking apart of rock in


place.

melting point When the volume of a substance increases.

2) At room temperature there is 7.5 cm3 of water in the syringe.

What will happen to its volume when it freezes?


Explain why you think this will happen.

The volume of water will increase when it is frozen.

This happens because when water freezes the water


molecules slow down and stronger attractive forces form
between them.

These attractive forces hold the water molecules in


particular fixed positions which are further apart, making
solid water take up more space than liquid water.

v2.3
Answers Physical weathering and erosion Worksheet

3) This rock is split all the way through.


Some students are discussing how the rock was split.
a) Who is correct about how the rock split? Explain your
answer.

Water in the rock must Water in the rock


have frozen many times expands when it freezes "Weathering of a rock in
southern Iceland" by Till
to break it up like this. and pushes out the rock. Niermann licensed under CC
BY-SA 3.0

Jacob
Sam

Water seeps into pores and small cracks in rock. If it freezes, the water expands and pushes on
the rock from the inside, weakening it.
Over many freeze-thaw cycles, the rock is further weakened. Eventually it becomes crumbly and
may crack.

b) What would you say to those who are incorrect to help them understand.

An earthquake is not the only process that can


There must have been an crack rock.
earthquake to break a
rock this much. Rock can be cracked without such a major event,
such as by freeze-thaw weathering.
Aisha

Repeated cycles of freeze-thaw are needed to


It must have been very break a rock. More water is able to enter the
cold to freeze enough pores and cracks during each thaw.
water to break this rock. During each freeze, the extra volume of water is
able to continue pushing the rock apart.

Sofia

Rock in the Antarctic that is permanently frozen


All the rocks at the South
does not undergo freeze-thaw damage.
Pole will be broken up
because it is always very
cold there.

Lucas

v2.3
Answers Physical weathering and erosion Worksheet

Task C: Erosion
1) Use the words weathering or erosion to fill in the gaps below.
Rock on a cliff face is worn away by erosion.

Roots of plants can grow into the rock. They cause weathering and weaken the rock.

Water can soak into pores and cracks in the rock. If this water freezes and thaws many
times it can weaken the rock and make it crack more. This is an example of weathering.

Sometimes big pieces of rock fall off a cliff. In a storm, wind and rain can dislodge rock
that is lose. This is erosion.

At other times, wind can cause erosion by blowing tiny particles of sand and grit at the
surface of the rock.

2) For each example of erosion, describe what is happening.

Wind: blows sand and grit from the rock face.


Gravity: the weight of
the rock can cause it
Waves: crash
to break off and fall,
into the rock,
especially if it has
moving rock
been weakened by
fragments from
weathering.
the cliff along
the beach.

erosion at Robin Hood’s Bay, N. Yorkshire

v2.3
Answers Physical weathering and erosion Worksheet

3) Pebbles are formed by weathering and erosion.

Put the statements in order, to describe how pebbles are


formed on a beach at the bottom of a cliff.

The first statement has been provided for you.


Some of the statements are not needed.

Water soaked into the The pieces of rock Waves crashed into
pores / cracks in the 4
1 7 knocked into each the bottom of the
rock. other. cliff.
The water froze and Sharp corners were
2 Waves crashed onto 8
thawed many times. knocked off.
the beach, moving
6
The water froze and the rocks over the Pieces of rock broke
cracked the rock. beach. 5 off.
Pieces of sand wore The sand stuck The rock became
off. together. 3 crumbly.

© Oak National Academy 2024. Produced in partnership with University of York Science Education Group.
5
Licensed on the Open Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated. See Oak terms & conditions.

v2.3

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