Advanced Quantitative Aptitude Questions- Day 4

1. Probability

 Question: Two bags contain 3 red and 4 black balls and 4 red and 5 black balls respectively.
One ball is drawn from each bag. Find the probability that one ball is red and one is black.

 Solution:

o Probability of drawing a red ball from the first bag = 3/7

o Probability of drawing a black ball from the first bag = 4/7

o Probability of drawing a red ball from the second bag = 4/9

o Probability of drawing a black ball from the second bag = 5/9

o Required probability = (3/7 * 5/9) + (4/7 * 4/9) = 43/63

2. Permutations & Combinations

 Question: In how many ways can 5 boys and 3 girls be seated in a row if no two girls sit
together?

 Solution:

o Arrange the 5 boys in 5! ways.

o There are 6 gaps between the boys (including the ends).

o Choose 3 gaps for the girls in 6C3 ways.

o Arrange the girls in the chosen gaps in 3! ways.

o Total number of ways = 5! * 6C3 * 3! = 14400

3. Number System

 Question: Find the remainder when 2^2024 is divided by 17.

 Solution:

o Use Fermat's Little Theorem: If 'p' is a prime number and 'a' is an integer not
divisible by 'p', then a^(p-1) ≡ 1 (mod p).

o 2^16 ≡ 1 (mod 17)

o 2^2024 = (2^16)^126 * 2^8

o 2^2024 ≡ 1^126 * 2^8 (mod 17) ≡ 256 (mod 17) ≡ 1 (mod 17)

o Remainder = 1

4. Time & Work

 Question: A and B can complete a work in 12 days. B and C can complete the same work in
15 days. If A is twice as efficient as C, in how many days can B alone complete the work?

 Solution:
 o 1/A + 1/B = 1/12

o 1/B + 1/C = 1/15

o A = 2C

o 1/2C + 1/B = 1/12

o 1/B + 1/C = 1/15

o Solving these equations, we get 1/B = 1/20

o B alone can complete the work in 20 days.

5. Profit & Loss

 Question: A shopkeeper marks up his goods by 40%. He allows a discount of 10% on the
marked price and still makes a profit of 26%. Find the cost price of an article if its marked
price is Rs. 300.

 Solution:

o Selling Price = 300 * (1 - 0.1) = Rs. 270

o Cost Price = Selling Price / (1 + Profit Percentage) = 270 / 1.26 = Rs. 214.29

6. Ratio & Proportion

 Question: The ratio of the incomes of A and B is 3:2 and the ratio of their expenditures is 5:3.
If they save Rs. 2000 and Rs. 900 respectively, find their incomes.

 Solution:

o Let the incomes of A and B be 3x and 2x respectively.

o Let the expenditures of A and B be 5y and 3y respectively.

o 3x - 5y = 2000

o 2x - 3y = 900

o Solving these equations, we get x = 3000

o Incomes of A and B are Rs. 9000 and Rs. 6000 respectively.

7. Time, Speed & Distance

 Question: A train traveling at 60 km/h crosses a platform in 30 seconds. If the length of the
platform is 200 meters, find the length of the train.

 Solution:

o Speed of the train in m/s = 60 * (5/18) = 50/3 m/s

o Let the length of the train be 'x' meters.

o Distance covered in 30 seconds = (x + 200) meters

o Distance = Speed * Time

 o x + 200 = (50/3) * 30

o x = 300 meters

8. Simple & Compound Interest

 Question: Find the compound interest on Rs. 10,000 for 2 years at 10% per annum
compounded annually.

 Solution:

o Amount = Principal * (1 + Rate/100)^Time

o Amount = 10000 * (1 + 10/100)^2 = 10000 * 1.1 * 1.1 = Rs. 12100

o Compound Interest = Amount - Principal = 12100 - 10000 = Rs. 2100

9. Mixtures & Allegations

 Question: In what ratio must two varieties of tea costing Rs. 40 per kg and Rs. 60 per kg be
mixed to obtain a mixture worth Rs. 54 per kg?

 Solution:

o Cost of 1st tea = Rs. 40/kg

o Cost of 2nd tea = Rs. 60/kg

o Cost of mixture = Rs. 54/kg

o Using the rule of allegation: (60 - 54) : (54 - 40) = 6 : 14 = 3 : 7

o Required ratio = 3 : 7

11. Data Interpretation

 Question: The following table shows the sales of a company (in lakhs) for the years 2018 to
2022.

Year Sales (in lakhs)

2018 120

2019 150

2020 180

2021 210

2022 240

Calculate the average annual sales growth rate during this period.

 Solution:

o Calculate the growth rate for each year:

  2019: (150 - 120) / 120 = 0.25 or 25%

 2020: (180 - 150) / 150 = 0.20 or 20%

 2021: (210 - 180) / 180 = 0.1667 or 16.67%

 2022: (240 - 210) / 210 = 0.1429 or 14.29%

o Calculate the average growth rate: (25% + 20% + 16.67% + 14.29%) / 4 = 18.99%

12. Data Sufficiency

 Question: Is the area of a rectangle greater than 50 sq. units?

o Statement 1: The length of the rectangle is 10 units.

o Statement 2: The breadth of the rectangle is 6 units.

 Solution:

o Statement 1 Alone: Insufficient. We need to know the breadth to calculate the area.

o Statement 2 Alone: Insufficient. We need to know the length to calculate the area.

o Both Statements Together: Sufficient. Area = Length * Breadth = 10 * 6 = 60 sq.

units.

13. Set Theory

 Question: In a group of 100 students, 60 like cricket, 50 like football, and 20 like both cricket
and football. How many students like neither cricket nor football?

 Solution:

o Students who like cricket only = 60 - 20 = 40

o Students who like football only = 50 - 20 = 30

o Students who like at least one sport = 40 + 20 + 30 = 90

o Students who like neither cricket nor football = 100 - 90 = 10

14. Logarithms

 Question: If log₂ x = 3 and log₃ y = 2, find the value of xy.

 Solution:

o x = 2^3 = 8

o y = 3^2 = 9

o xy = 8 * 9 = 72

15. Progressions

 Question: The sum of the first 20 terms of an arithmetic progression is 210. If the first term is
1, find the common difference.

 Solution:
 o Sum of an AP = (n/2) * [2a + (n-1)d]

o 210 = (20/2) * [2*1 + (20-1)d]

o 210 = 10 * [2 + 19d]

o 21 = 2 + 19d

o 19d = 19

o d=1

16. Geometry

 Question: The radius of a circle is increased by 10%. Find the percentage increase in its area.

 Solution:

o Let the initial radius be 'r'.

o New radius = 1.1r

o Initial area = πr^2

o New area = π(1.1r)^2 = 1.21πr^2

o Percentage increase in area = [(1.21πr^2 - πr^2) / πr^2] * 100 = 21%

17. Trigonometry

 Question: If sin θ = 3/5, find the value of cos θ.

 Solution:

o cos^2 θ = 1 - sin^2 θ = 1 - (9/25) = 16/25

o cos θ = ±4/5

o Since sin θ is positive, cos θ can be either positive or negative depending on the
quadrant.

18. Mensuration

 Question: Find the volume of a right circular cone with a base radius of 7 cm and a height of
24 cm.

 Solution:

o Volume of a cone = (1/3) * π * r^2 * h

o Volume = (1/3) * (22/7) * 7 * 7 * 24 = 1232 cubic cm

19. Percentages

 Question: In an election, the winning candidate got 55% of the total votes. If the total
number of votes was 12000, how many votes did the winning candidate get?

 Solution:

o Votes for the winning candidate = 12000 * (55/100) = 6600 votes

20. Averages

 Question: The average age of 5 students is 18 years. If the age of a new student is included,
the average age becomes 19 years. Find the age of the new student.

 Solution:

o Total age of 5 students = 18 * 5 = 90 years

o Total age of 6 students = 19 * 6 = 114 years

o Age of the new student = 114 - 90 = 24 years