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Cell Structure-Part 1

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25 views21 pages

Cell Structure-Part 1

Uploaded by

deymithun0306
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STRUCTURES AND ORGANELLES-1

Objectives

► Compare the structure and function of plant and


animal cells.
► Compare the structures and functions of
microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and
microtubules- the types of the cytoskeleton.
► Relate the structure of cilia and flagella to their
functions.
► Describe the structure and functions of the
nucleus and nucleolus.
Vocabulary

► cytoplasm ► mitochondrion
► chloroplast
► cytoskeleton
► ribosome
► centriole ► endoplasmic
► cilium reticulum
► Golgi apparatus
► flagellum
► vacuole
► cell wall
► lysosome
► nucleolus ► Peroxisome
Figure 4.4a

NUCLEUS
Nuclear envelope
Rough Nucleolus
endoplasmic Chromatin
CYTOSKELETON
reticulum Microtubule
Microfilament
Intermediate
filament
Ribosomes

Peroxisome
Smooth
endoplasmic
Plasma
reticulum
membrane
Golgi apparatus Centrosome
Lysosome with pair of
Mitochondrion centrioles
Figure 4.4b

NUCLEUS
Rough Nuclear envelope
Smooth endoplasmic Nucleolus
endoplasmic reticulum Chromatin
reticulum
Mitochondrion
CYTOSKELETON
Microfilament
Microtubule Central
Ribosomes vacuole
Chloroplast

Cell wall
Plasmodesma
Cell wall of
adjacent cell Golgi
apparatus
Peroxisome

Plasma
membrane
Use a venn diagram to compare
animal to plant cell.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGEoK8kRNoQ
Sketch the animal and the plant
cell on your copybook to label
the important organelles.
Cytoskeleton
► Biologists discovered that organelles do not
freely float in the cell cytoplasm. Instead, the
organelles are supported by a structure within
the cytoplasm made up of protein fibers.

► They provides support, motility, and maintains


cell shape.

► provides anchorage for many organelles and


cytosolic enzymes.
Three main types of protein fibers making
up the cytoskeleton Microtubules,
Microfilaments, and Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
► Microtubules are hollow
tubes composed of a
protein called tubulin.
They are the thickest and
most rigid of the
filaments.
► These are important in cell
division when (separation
of chromosomes during
cell division).
► Main component of cilia
and flagella.
Compare cilia to flagella
Microfilaments : Actin filaments

► Microfilaments are the


thinnest and most
abundant of the
cytoskeleton proteins.
► They are composed of
actin, a contractile
protein.

► Play an important role in


muscle contraction
Intermediate filaments

► Are slightly larger in


diameter.
► Belongs to keratin family
► Important in cell shaping
(anchor some organelles)
Microtubule Intermediate Microfilament
filament

Structure

Protein

Function

Drawing
The Nucleus
The Nucleus
► Contains most of the cell’s DNA which controls
the cell’s activities by directing protein
synthesis.

► DNA is associated with many proteins and is


organized into structures called chromosomes.

► When a cell is not dividing, this complex of


proteins and DNA, called chromatin, appears as a
diffuse mass within the nucleus.
Nuclear envelope
► Double membrane
enclosing the
nucleus.
► It is perforated with
pores that regulate
the entry and exit of
molecules and
connect with a
network of
membranes called
the endoplasmic
reticulum.
Nucleolus
► A prominent structure
in the nucleus and
► It is composed of
proteins, DNA, and
RNA. The site where
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
is synthesized.
► The nucleolus
functions primarily for
the creation of
ribosomes essential for
protein synthesis.
Figure 4.5

Nucleolus
Nuclear
envelope

Endoplasmic Chromatin
Pore
reticulum

Ribosome
Draw and label the parts of the
nucleus and specify the
function of each part.

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