dict such consequences, and to prescribe action influence the etuse and outcomes ol events. Th oncience and eth cs and this corbination consiitutes a philosophy of a Moreover, the philosophical study of administ-aticn leads to the discovery not only of scientific principles but also of ethical ideas, which include a qualitative rathe: than quantitative Kind of efficiency due to the ehicl element explcitly introduced by phiosoohy. ‘Adminstration (IPA) was established wwith the University of Michigan initially fr technical assistance inthe goverment and administration. The ‘asa taining center ‘or civil officers aed employees, and asa esearch ceater of government and the academe. Afterward, iToffered degree programs for Pablic Administation. PA mocels vere basically West- ter and European concepts but over the decades, the search for indigenous Fiipino ‘concepts and models however was later developed modestly According to history, the College has changed its name refecting on the changing trends and mandates of public adminis By 1954, Flipinos aseumed key posts in IPA. The Flipinostaff gradually took over responsibility for he IPA when the University of Michigan contract Th the 1960s, the IPA was mace to a graduate school, a schocl of publicad: tion, and waselevated to coLegestatus. The educational progiam in the college begar. to be emulated. Ctherinstitations started offernng course Administration with’a total of “5 colleges and universities by 1971. Schools of ‘Administration were then propagated throughout the country: (OP-NCPAG website) Further, Raul P. De Guzman (1398), corstfered as the Fether of Pilipgine ?ublic ‘Administration, once accounted in his past reports that ducing the early years (-9505— 1960s) the emtasis in the curciculer progrart wes on internal manegement-and the staff functions in government organization and management, personnel and fiscal 1 .-with some cpurses in local government. Later on, courses cn ad ‘and politics, he econoray, and sozial change were irtrocuced : students ¢ better understanding of the ecology of public management ia the c: and of the dynamics 0 social change. Michiganin the early 1950s. Asrepored, there ere more than 6) colleges and aniversities now offering. programs in Public Administration, with subjects or specializationsin adminis tration; human resoux ‘administration. society. But Publ the graduate level and discip ine (usually for undergraduate students) {for practitioners and stakehold ‘publication called the ‘publication of internat ic excellence in Public Adminis pus. These are: Cente: for Public Admini and Executive Developmen Center| gional Governance; Leadership, Citizenship and Democracy: Publicaticn Ofice; and NCPAG 1. Publication Office: Tais Office manages the publicetion of the Phi Journal of Public Admiris Jongest runing academ nals in the county; anc. publishes books, occasional papers, monc 2. NCPAG Library: It has the most extensive collection of titles ‘Administration, Goverrance and Development Stuctes in the Philip a4. Reinventing Government (RG) - 1990s 5. Public Administretion as a Governance (PAG) -Towerd 2000s Chapter 2 ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ACall for Public Administration Me tcof amen in Confuctanis and inthe funeral other vrords, the idea of elientroriented public administration public administration FFigue 6, Period of Developmen: Thrust of Public Administration in the New Work / loodrow Wilson Movement The polit cl discourse on pubic ad beh been ew Wi ts clay “The Study of Adeston Wi pioneer ofthe study of Tube Administration, eth tone of te x Eh the mnistebon re ci soe on fa teat es fe rately adast fer successful operation. Te Wilson, y 18th century in Prussia. EK. Nedikus (es ciled in ‘on the stucy of public administration aad its the sciences in the 18th century He advocated “ca "and id be treated as an autonomous field of stady of val science is designed to prepare potentia! public officials fo> gov- il the 21st century but i: was, studies. into two major periods: the 8005 te the 19506, and the other jon) that is from the 1950s up civiced into sub-periods, ireness of gover Tobi nc etatin oe a displ canbe rt msmanagement Meanvthile, Woodrow } classical period (Traditional PA) thet is from the lat ore is the mocer to the present day. The modera-day period ean be fu wichare: 1. Development Administration (DA) ~ 19506 to 19605, 2 New Fublic Administration (NPA) ~ Toward. 1970: 4. New Fublic Managemen: (NPM) ~ 1980s to 19908 1 The distinction and separation of polities and adminis:ration; 2. The marked difference between public organizations and private enti 6 TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY LIBRARY43, stressing the goal of efficiency by emphasizing on basiness attitudes is the workplaze; and 4. Anchoring etfectve delivery of publiservices by professional silservants thhosen cn the basis of merits. iy espoused the public administrator’ ethos which are eon se these cultures ae krowr tobe the traditional Es Resru roy ancincred on merits and fitness as «result of the poll ys, he question of organizational neeency rests cn the spo #57) da per yrnigents in the conduct of administration, chasacterize by Fed 4% Op (genera, diate, The spoils system aterm derived for the phrage “tothe vidor of Tacluding newly elected presidents, Seiis/ spollieant that suocssfal we Fbute gow * fo those who have taken the trouole of fe Rimi syster,cortinved at east untl 1883 when the 4 Pendleton Act created a civil sion ‘Oemploy and conirol gcverament eaten ie ct shunned police of pavonage and introduced mers an Sines Swubtee way of burecucratie cleansing. business and that administration should be politiesfree, removed from the nurry ard stele of pol ceo courting house area pert ofthe ile ofsocety, an that adminis rmethods oft proper sphere of politics. Administrative questions are ot Pout Trreiions. Although, politics sts the tasks for administers Fae erry ofces” Ths, Wilson conciuded tat polls is ast o° 0 sie elzat anc uriversl wile adnistation i the activity ofthe ste atl things, Plilics thus isthe special >rovince ofthe salesman tration is the province of the technical offica the tum of the 198h sentary, Woodrow Wilson and Frank Goocnow (1990) nad gt ates of toe American barencratic ester.” Barenurae maa Ea ey noted, must work withis the framework ofa democratic soc sc ul servants, who are rot dizecly accountable to the elec- “clearly defined on aa individual and agency level. Ad policy. They merely follow the policy gaideines lic smiristration, then, neves down for them by the pol - Politics and Administration MarriageiNoxus “The separation of paitics and administration 3as been for decades a good to Aebates. This cichotomy of Wilson, however, was challenged in the 1940s and aan fram thesecandgeeratonscholrs tothe present day by arguir: it administration cannot 2e separated but they are mutualy reinforci the language of Lazo (2009): * 7 resem nt mtn ith (and administation may not all be acceptable today to present governmne a at creek beeezer ern ag a pes eer aa ie lin ge I ese eT eey isoprene he ete te ee ete ere But Wilson stressed expression of the will of she tate, a polities and administraon dichotomy was later examined ty Franke Teer of American Public Administration in his book, Politics an Admini ‘fo Goodrow, modem administration presented 2 numberof dir Itical and administrative functions thst had now supplanted the traditional ‘with the separation of powers arncng the branches of government. tration are separat> 2s politic ction of Jy, the Irdustrial Revolution may be gleaned as the application. Yo the productior. of goods, Cabili (1993) saic that this peri Guced significant social and cultaral changes su because heed to concentrate industry in towns: improve and incre tandardol living, These changes are usually associated with econcmic devel ‘This Revolution significantly influenced the governmental organizations thro Burope, and traveled te therrst of the world. a the organizations thatare often o in tems ofthe manager=mpl Cin business companies) o adm tors-rank anc file employees (in finsution) and their rgariza ‘but they seemed to be nutually reinforcing as far as how these goals were Many theories of mang thougat served the guid ciples of ‘ganizations both in public Administration emerged, wl than Business Management as a ciscipline, ww