B.M.

S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Bull Temple Road, Basavanagudi, Bangalore - 560 019, Karnataka, India

REPORT

ON

DIPOLE ANTENNA

MICROWAVE THEORY AND ANTENNA (23EC5PCMTA)

Submitted by

HARSH KUMAR USN- 1BM22EC296

PRATYUSH KUMAR THAKUR USN- 1BM22EC300
STEEPHEN RAJ K USN- 1BM22EC299
ADITYA TIWARI USN-1BM22EC021

2024 – 2025

Under the guidance

Mrs. SHAILA V HEGDE

Associate Professor

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CONTENTS

S.No DESCRIPTION Pg. No.

1. TITLE / INTRODUCTION 1

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 2-3

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT / PROBLEM SOLUTION 4-5

4. PROJECT EXECUTION STEPS 6

5. ESTIMATED BILL 7

6. REFERENCES 8

6. RECOMMENDATION AND REMARKS 9

 Smart Vehicle Security and Accident Alert System

TITLE

SMART VEHICLE SECURITY AND ACCIDENT ALERT SYSTEM

AREA OF APPLICATION / DOMAIN – ( EMBEDDED SYSTEMS )

 Automobile Security Systems
 Transportation and Fleet Management
 Emergency Response Services
 Smart City Solutions
 Personal and Commercial Vehicle Safety

INTRODUCTION
With the rapid growth of transportation systems and the rise in vehicle thefts and road accidents,
ensuring the safety and security of vehicles has become a critical concern. This project, Real-Time GPS
Tracking and Theft Detection System with Accident Detection and SOS Alerts, offers a comprehensive
solution aimed at improving vehicle safety, theft prevention, and emergency response.

The system leverages GPS technology for precise real-time tracking of the vehicle's location, enabling
owners to monitor their vehicles remotely. In addition to tracking, the theft detection mechanism utilizes
sensors like accelerometers and vibration detectors to identify unauthorized movement or tampering.
Upon detection of suspicious activity, the system immediately alerts the owner via SMS through a GSM
module, with an option to remotely disable the vehicle's ignition to prevent theft.

An integrated accident detection system, using an accelerometer and gyroscope, continuously monitors
the vehicle’s motion to detect collisions or abnormal tilts. In the event of an accident, the system triggers
an SOS alert by automatically sending the vehicle’s GPS coordinates and relevant information to pre-
saved emergency contacts or nearby hospitals. This feature ensures that immediate help can be
dispatched, potentially saving lives in critical situations.

Designed to meet the demands of modern transportation systems, this project offers a scalable solution
that is applicable to personal vehicles, logistics companies, public transport, and fleet management
services. With its focus on security, safety, and real-time monitoring, this project aims to create a more
secure and reliable travel environment, reducing both the risk of theft and the consequences of accidents.

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 Smart Vehicle Security and Accident Alert System

LITERATURE SURVEY

The global number of vehicles is expected to increase as ownership becomes more affordable due to the
growing economies of countries such as China and India [1]. However, the adoption of vehicle tracking
system is still very much lacking. Such a system can be used for many applications including security of
personal vehicle, public transportation systems, fleet management and others. Vehicle tracking systems
have been available in the market for some time but they are application specific, region specific and are
costly [2].

The work in [3] proposed an Arduino based vehicle tracking system that utilizes the technology of global
positioning system (GPS) to track the location of vehicles regardless to its movement or static. It also
utilizes the technology of global system for mobile (GSM) to display the coordinates of the position of
the vehicle on the cell phone using the Google map as a user friendly application. The entire system
processes in real-time whereby the in-vehicle device provides the vehicle’s geographic coordinates. The
system has been able to practically demonstrate its effective performance for tracking the position of the
vehicles from anywhere at any time.

In [4], the proposed system suggests that the distance traveled by the vehicle could be calculated and
stored in the database for future further analysis. The data could be viewed in real-time or on demand.
Arduino Uno is utilized to create this design and the incorporation of GPS and GSM allows the system
to transmit the coordinates of the position of the vehicle in real-time to the mobile phone of the user.

The author of [5] tried to implement SOS capabilities to track the system by using the system built on
ARM7 LPC2148 and uses a GPS receiver to track the child continuously. The system is composed of a
microcontroller which powered by an 18650 LiPo battery. Here the system started working when a push
button was pressed. The geolocation is extracted from the GPS which is then forwarded to GSM which
transmits the data to the webserver. When pressed twice, the SOS mode is activated. In this mode, the
webserver compares the location data of all registered users and sends an alert of the impending situation
to all devices available in a radius of one mile. The users are alerted within an SMS containing the
Google Map link. The user interface is provided through HTML pages by a web server running on a
Ubuntu Linux host which is a part of AWS (Amazon Web Services). But further work is required here to
reduce the time of the system and to simulate a portable surveillance and security system with a small
form factor.

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 Smart Vehicle Security and Accident Alert System

In [6] authors have come up with a solution in the form of a model called “Abhirakshak”. a model that is
a combination of both hardware and software solutions. It is inexpensive to manufacture, reliable,
constantly uploading data to the server, has a Horizontal Position Accuracy of 2.5m. The paper identifies
a gap in the market for a cost-effective, reliable, and versatile tracking system, especially for individuals
needing personal safety solutions in emergency situations. They have used here Lithium-Ion battery to
simultaneously power the Arduino Nano, GPS module, and GSM module. The Arduino Nano here is
programmed to send to the Firebase cloud database via ThingSpeak using the GSM module [6]. For the
mobile application specifications, they used s Google Maps SDK and Flutter which is an open-source UI
software framework kit developed by Google. It is utilized to build cross-platform apps for Windows,
Linux. The main model of here is upload the data to the server within two minutes and send the SMS to
the family members.

The authors of [7-8] propose to increase the GPS more accuracy by utilizing the satellite signals to send
the coordinates of the longitude and latitude to the system to receive the critical data. This system also
utilizes micro-controller. The user of the GPS device facilitates a two-way communication exchange.
The functionality of the GSM modem is similar to the regular process of cellular communication in
terms of the requirement of a SIM card for both systems. The limitation is that if the internet access
discontinues for any reason, the communication will break off until the net is connected again.

Two parts were suggested in the GPS/GSM based system, a mobile unit a controlling station. The
processes of the system containing the several transmission lines of data have all been working
successfully. At that point, these findings are well suited with present GPS technology. The device has to
be fixed in the vehicle so the owner shall be able to find the location of the vehicle.

The authors of [9] have proposed a system where the user sends a text message with 'ON' in the body,
the system automatically responds with the vehicle's coordinates to the registered user's number. If the
message contains 'OFF,' it signals that the vehicle has been stolen, prompting the system to alert the
designated local authority by sending a message for immediate action. A Position Accuracy Test was
conducted to measure the accuracy of the location where it had a good accuracy.

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 Smart Vehicle Security and Accident Alert System

PROBLEM STATEMENT

The rapid increase in vehicle thefts and road accidents has become a significant concern worldwide.
Existing vehicle tracking solutions often lack advanced safety features, such as real-time alerts or
accident detection, making it difficult to respond quickly in emergencies. Vehicle owners also struggle to
monitor the location and status of their vehicles remotely, and the absence of theft prevention systems
leaves vehicles vulnerable.

Moreover, accidents involving vehicles often go unnoticed or are reported too late, reducing the chances
of timely medical assistance. Many transportation and logistics companies face challenges in monitoring
fleet movements efficiently, leading to security risks and delays in operations. Hence, there is a growing
need for an integrated solution that combines real-time GPS tracking, theft detection, accident alerts, and
emergency SOS features to enhance vehicle safety and management.

PROBLEM SOLUTION

This project provides an integrated solution that addresses the critical issues of vehicle theft and accident
response through the following key features:

 Real-Time GPS Tracking:

A GPS module continuously monitors the vehicle's location and provides real-time updates to the
owner. The location data can be viewed remotely on a dashboard or sent via SMS for quick access.
 Theft Detection System:
An accelerometer and vibration sensors detect unauthorized movement or tampering. Upon detecting
suspicious activity, the system sends alerts via GSM to the owner, to prevent theft.
 Accident Detection and Automated SOS Alerts:
The system identifies sudden impacts or abnormal tilts using the MPU6050 sensor. In the event of an
accident, an SOS message with the vehicle’s coordinates is automatically sent to pre-saved
emergency contacts or nearby hospitals via the GSM module, ensuring prompt assistance.

 System access through phone application/website

Application based system to control and monitor vehicle’s activity .

This project offers a comprehensive and scalable solution applicable to personal vehicles, public
transport, and fleet management, combining safety, security, and real-time monitoring into one system.
With advanced features like remote ignition control, automated SOS alerts, and theft detection, this
project provides a reliable system for vehicle owners and companies to secure their assets and ensure
timely accident response.

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 Smart Vehicle Security and Accident Alert System

BLOCK DIAGRAM

SATELLITE LCD interface

ARDUINO Accelerometer
UNO – BOARD
(MICROCONTROLLER) Send Co-ordinates
Get GPS data to LCD.
GSM Cellphone

GPS MODULE SMS alert

MODULE
Send Co-ordinates via
SMS to cellphone

Send GPS data

to arduino

POWER SUPPLY

The above block diagram represent abstract representation of the circuit and co-ordination between
various modules.

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 Smart Vehicle Security and Accident Alert System

PROJECT EXECUTION STEPS

STEP 1: HARDWARE SETUP AND COMPONENT ASSEMBLY [week 1-2 ]

 Arduino (Uno)
 GPS Module (e.g., NEO-6M)
 GSM Module (e.g., SIM800L)
 Accelerometer/Gyroscope (MPU6050)
 Buzzer/LED (for alerts)
 LCD display
 Power Supply (Battery/Adapter)

STEP 2: SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND FEATURE TESTING [week 3-4 ]

 GPS Tracking:
Ensure GPS module sends live coordinates and update intervals are optimized.
Validate location data on a Google Maps link sent via SMS.

 Theft Detection System:

Simulate theft scenarios (vibration or tilt) to trigger alerts.
Use GSM SMS to notify the owner of suspicious activities.
Test the relay module to remotely control the vehicle’s ignition (via SMS commands).

 Accident Detection and SOS Alert:

Simulate sudden impacts using the MPU6050 sensor and ensure the system sends accident alerts.
Verify that emergency contacts receive the exact GPS location automatically through SMS.

STEP 3: CLOUD DASHBOARD INTEGRATION [week 5-6 ]

 Data Logging:
Use platform like Firebase or Node JS to log real-time GPS coordinates and display them on a
dashboard.
Visualize the vehicle’s movement history and status on a web interface.
 Mobile App Integration:
Create a simple mobile app to monitor vehicle status and location.

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 Smart Vehicle Security and Accident Alert System

ESTIMATED BILL

COMPONENT QUANTITY DESCRIPTION COST

ARDUINO UNO 1 Microcontroller 600.00

GSM MODULE 1 SIM800L 200.00

GPS MODULE 1 NEO-6M 400.00

LCD 1 DISPLAY 300.00

ACCELEROMETER 1 SENSOR 600.00

TOTAL 2100.00

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 Smart Vehicle Security and Accident Alert System
REFERENCES

[1] D. Sperling and D. Gordon, Two Billion Cars: Driving Towards Sustainability, New York, NY:
Oxford University Press, 2009.

[2] Youjing Cui; Shuzhi Sam Ge, "Autonomous vehicle positioning with GPS in urban canyon
environments," IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, vo1.l9, no.l, pp.15-25, Feb 2003

[3] Rahman, M.M.; Mou, J.R.; Tara, K. and Sarkar, M.I. (2016) Real time google map and arduino
based vehicle tracking system. In Electrical, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering
(ICECTE), International Conference on, pages 1–4. IEEE
[4] Brockman, R.T. (2017). Vehicle tracking systems and methods, September 28. US Patent App.
15/618,567.

[5] Reuben O Jacob, Shoaib M Alyaan, Nikitha K, and H.S. Niranjana Murthy “IoT Based GPS
tracking system with SOS Capabilities”. 2022 International Mobile and Embedded Technology
Conference
[6] Mayank Kumar Jarwal, Abhimanyu Barun, Arshpreet Singh and Akanksha Srivastava “Mobile
Application based Tracking using GPS and GSM”. 2022 8th International Conference on Signal
Processing and Communication
[7] Saad, S.A., Hisham, A.A.B., Ishak, M.H., Fauzi, M.H., Baharudin, M.A., and Idris, N.H. (2018).
Real-time on-campus public transportation monitoring system. 2018 IEEE 14th International
Colloquium on Signal Processing and Its Applications (CSPA), 215-220.
[8] Pachica, A. O.; Barsalote, D. S.; Geraga, J. M. P.; Ong J. M.; and Sajulan, M. D.
(2017). ”Motorcycle theft prevention and recovery security system,” 2017 14th International
Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information
Technology (ECTI-CON), Phuket, 2017, pp. 850-855. doi: 10.1109/ECTICon.2017.8096372

[9] Bernard Akindade Adaramola, Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, Favour Oluwatobi Adetunji, Olatomide
Gbenga Fadodun and Adebayo Tunbosun Ogundipe “Development and Performance analysis of a
GPS, GSM Guided System for Vehicle Tracking”. 2020 International Conference on Computation,
Automation and Knowledge Management (ICCAKM)

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 Smart Vehicle Security and Accident Alert System

GUIDE RECOMMENDATION

REMARKS FROM REVIEWERS

REVIEWER 1

REVIEWER 2

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