Grammar

Present simple

- Uses
o Rutines (Rutinas)
o Time tables (Horarios)
o Feelings (sentimientos)
o Thoughts (pensamientos)

- Common adverbs (Adverbios comunes)

o Every Day (todos los días), “On Mondays” (los miércoles)
o Once a week (una vez por semana), Twice (dos veces), Three times (tres veces)
o Always (siempre), usually (normalmente), sometimes (a veces), never
(nunca),hardly ever (casi nunca), …

- Estructure

Affirmative Negative Question

I/You/We/They I play I d´ont play Do I play?
He/She/It He plays He doesn´t play Does He play?

Present continous

- Uses
o At the moment (En el momento)  Now, I´m doing my homeworks
o Simultaneous (Simultaneo)  My mum is cooking, while I’m reading a book.
o Express a near future (Expresar un futuro cercano)  Tonight, I’m having pizza
for dinner.

- Common adverbs (Adverbios comunes)

o At the moment (En el momento), Right now (Ahora mismo)
o Nowadays (Hoy en día)
o Tonight (esta noche), Next week (La semana que viene), Next Month (El mes
que viene)

- Estructure

Affirmative Negative Question

I I am playing I am not playing Am I playing?
You You are playing You aren’t playing Are you playing?
He/She/It He is playing He isn’t playing Is he playing?
We We are playing We aren’t playing Are we playing
They They are playing They aren’t playing Are they playing?
Verb tenses (Tiempos verbales)

There is (Hay) 1

There are (Hay) +1

Past Simple

- Uses
o Finished Actions (Acciones finalizadas)  Last week, I went to Madrid
o Interrupt another action (Interrumpir otra acción)  I was going to a party,
when suddenly it started to rain.

- Estructure

Affirmative Negative Question

Everybod I went to the cinema I did go to the cinema Did you go to the cinema
y

Past continous

- Uses
o Past time but very concret (Tiempo pasado pero muy concreto)  I was
having a shower while I was listening music.
o Progressive action (Acción progresiva)  It was eight o’clock. I was writting a
letter.
o Simultaneous  When I was talking with my dad, somebody shoulted my
name.

- Estructure

Affirmative Negative Question

Singular I was playing I wasn’t playing Was I play?
Plural We were playing We weren’t playing Were we play?

Adverbs

Always,never,hardly ever, usually,sometimes,…

S+Verb to be+adverb

I am always happy.

Every ________, on Monday, after lunch, twice a week,…

S+adverb+V

You everyday eat.

Modals verbs (verbos modales)

Added to the main verb in order to provide more informationI am always happy

Agregado al verbo principal para proporcionar más información.

Would (¿Le gustaría…?)

 Used to ask politely (Usado para preguntar cortesmente).

 At the sometimes offering somebody somethings (A veces ofreciendo algo a

alguien)

Could (¿Podría …?)  Ask for somethings (Preguntar algo). Formal

Can (¿Puedes …)  Ask for somethings (Preguntar algo). Informal

Future (Going to)

- Uses
o Plan  We are going to have lunch.
o Near future  Tomorrow, I’m going to school.

- Estructure

Affirmative Negative Question

I’m going to play I’m not going to play Are you goint to play?

Like (Gustar)

If you put behind that noun … (Si lo pones detrás del verbo …)

- To look like somebody (Parecerse a alguien)

- To be like (como es algo)
- To look like (como eres fisicamente)
- To feel like (Apetecerte)

Pronunciation -ed

- Play  Played [Plaid]

- Reach  Reached [Richt]
- Ask  Asked [Askt]
- Decide  Decided [Disaidid]
How many & How much

- How many books (contables) do you have?  When the following noun is countable,
the quantifiquer is many.

- How much money (uncontables) do you have?   When the following noun is
uncountable, the quantifiquer is much.

Litle & Few

- A few  countables (A few tous)

- A litle  uncountables (A litle sugar)

Possessives Adjectives
Present perfect simple

- Uses
o It’s an action that heppened in the past but it’s not complety finished (Es una
acción que ha pasado en el pasado pero no está completada)
o There is a tight relation with the present (Hay una estrecha relación con el
presente)
- Examples
o He has never eaten chocolate
o I haven’t already done my homeworks
o Have you ever eaten chocolate?

- Estructure

Affirmative Negative Question

I I+Have+Past part I+Haven’t+Past part Have+I+Past part
You You+Have+Past part You+ Haven’t +Past part Have+You+Past part
He/She/ He+Has+Past part He+Hasn’t+Past part Has+He+Past part
It
We We+Have+Past part We+ Haven’t +Past part Have+We+Past part
They They+Have+Past part They+ Haven’t +Past part Have+They+Past part

Adverbs

- Yet  Action is finish

o Have you don your homeworks yet? (¿Has hecho los deberes?)
- Already
o A have you already done your homeworks? (¿Has hecho ya los deberes?)
o I haven’t already done my homeworks. (Todavía no he hecho los deberes.)
 - Never
o I have never been to London (Nunca he estado en Londres.)
- Ever  If you as kif the action has, at least been donde once (Si preguntas si la acción
ha sido, al menos has estado donde una vez)
o Have you ever been to London (¿Has estado alguna vez en londres?)
- Just  Closely done in time (En un tiempo cercano, reciente)
o I have just done my homeworks (Justo acabo de hacer los deberes)

Relative Causes

- Who  People
o This person is a doctor. A doctor ir someone who heals people.
- Where  Places
o This bar is where I normally drink beer.
- Which  Objects, animals
o This is something which you use to cut paper.

Adverbs

One / Body Where Thing

Some (+) There’s someone Id like to go somewere I’d like something for
there (Hay alguien ahí) to have dinner (Me breakfast (me gustaría
gustaría ir a algún sitio a algo para desayunar)
cenar.)
Any (-)(?) Is there anybody in Do yo know anywhere Wouldyou like anything
class? (¿Hay alguien to eat pizza? (¿Conoces for breakfast? (¿Quieres
en clase?) algún sitio donde comer algo para desayunar?)
There isn’t anybody in pizza?) I wouldn’t like anything
class (No hay nadie en You d’ont anywhere (No quiero nada)
clase) know to eat pizza (No
sabes donde comer
pizza)
No (-) There is(+) nobody (-) There is (+) nowhere (-) I would (+) like nothing (-)
in class (No hay nadie toe at (no hay ningún No quiero nada.
en clase) sitio donde comer)

Adjectives ending -ing or -ed (Adjetivos acabados en -ing o -ed)

- Uses
o We uses -ing adjectives when we are giving our opinions about somethings
(Usamos -ing cuando damos nuestra opinión sobre algo)
o We uses -ed adjectives when we are expressing how we are feeling about
somethings (usamos -ed cuando expresamos como nos sentimos sobre algo)
 - Examples
o I find this movie interesting (Encuentro esta película interesante) / I
´m interested in that movie (Estoy interesado en esta pelicula).
o This situation is worring (Esta situación es preocupante)./
This exam makes me feel worried (Este examen me hace sentir preocupado)

Passive

- Uses
o When the person that does the action isn’t relevant (Cuando la persona que
hace la acción no es relevante)
 A bomb has been throw in that place (Una bomba ha sido arrojada en
ese lugar)
o When the object is more important than the subject (Cuando el objeto es más
importante que el sujeto)
 Harry potter is writter by J.K Rowling (Harry Potter fue escrito por J.K
Rawling)

- Estructure

Active Passive
P. Simple I bake cakes Cakes are baked by me
P. Continous I’m baking cakes Cakes are being baked by me
Past Simple I baked cakes Cakes were baked by me
Past Continous I was baking cakes Cakes were being baked by me

Future

- Uses

WILL PRESENT CONTINOUS BE GOING TO

- Predictions: I think it will - Close situacions - Obvious Evidence:
 rain. (FUT) but planned: Look at the clouds!
- Unplannedactions: Tonight Im having It´s going to rain.
Maybe, I Will come to pizza for dinner. - Planned situation:
you house - Adverbs: Tonight, Next week, I’m
- Uncertainty: I’m not sure next day, next week going to visit my
but, I guess I won´t go. or season grandpas.
- Spontaneous Decission (Winter,summer,…)
that is close in time