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Cell Membrane and Transport

Cell membrane and transport

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Eingel Zimone Audel Tumaque
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21 views69 pages

Cell Membrane and Transport

Cell membrane and transport

Uploaded by

Eingel Zimone Audel Tumaque
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Function of the Cell Membrane:

• separates the components of a cell from its


environment
• provides protection and support
• regulates the flow of materials into and out of
cell—selectively permeable
• helps cells maintain shape
Cell Membrane
Phospholipids

• Polar
• Hydrophilic head
• Hydrophobic tail

• Interacts with water


Membrane Lipids
Phospholipids
Lipid Bilayer
Lipid Bilayer is Fluid
Cholesterol
Cholesterol and unsaturated FA
prevent packing of phospholipids
Membrane Proteins
1. Channels or transporters
• Move molecules in one direction

2. Receptors
• Recognize certain chemicals
Membrane Proteins

3. Glycoproteins
• Identify cell type
4. Enzymes
• Catalyze production of substances
Membrane Proteins
Protein Properties
Membrane Asymmetry
Cell fusion experiment proves membrane is
fluid
Cellular Transport
Types of Cellular Transport
• Passive Transport
Weeee!!
!
cell doesn’t use ATP
1. Diffusion
high
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Osmosis
low

• Active Transport
cell does use energy This is
gonna
1. Protein Pumps be hard
2. Endocytosis high
work!!

3. Exocytosis

low
Cell Transport
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Passive Transport
• cell uses no energy in the form of ATP
• cell only uses KINETIC ENERGY
• molecules move randomly
• Molecules spread out from an area of high
concentration to an area of low
concentration.

• (HighàLow)
3 Types of Passive Transport

1. Diffusion
2. Facilitative Diffusion – diffusion with the
help of transport proteins
3. Osmosis – diffusion of water
Passive Transport:
Diffusion
1. Diffusion: random movement of particles from
an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration.

(High to Low)
• Diffusion continues until all molecules are evenly
spaced (equilibrium is reached)

Note: molecules will still move around but stay


spread out.
Diffusion
Passive Transport:
Facilitated Diffusion

2. Facilitated diffusion: diffusion of


specific particles through transport
proteins found in the membrane
a.Transport Proteins are specific – they “select”
only certain molecules to cross the membrane
b.Transports larger or charged molecules
Passive Transport: Osmosis

Osmosis: diffusion of water through a


selectively permeable membrane
• Water moves from high to low
concentrations
Hypotonic Solution
Hypotonic: The solution has a lower concentration
of solutes and a higher concentration of water than
inside the cell. (Low solute; High water)

Result: Water moves from the solution to


inside the cell): Cell Swells and bursts open
(cytolysis)!
Hypertonic Solution
Hypertonic: The solution has a higher
concentration of solutes and a lower concentration
of water than inside the cell. (High solute; Low
water)

shrinks

Result: Water moves from inside the cell into


the solution: Cell shrinks (Plasmolysis)!
• Osmosis
Animations for
isotonic, hypertonic,
Isotonic Solution and hypotonic
solutions

Isotonic: The concentration of solutes in the


solution is equal to the concentration of solutes
inside the cell.

Result: Water moves equally in both


directions and the cell remains same size!
(Dynamic Equilibrium)
What type of solution are these cells in?

A B C
How Organisms Deal with
Osmotic Pressure
•Bacteria and plants have cell walls that prevent them from
over-expanding. In plants the pressure exerted on the cell
wall is called tugor pressure.

•A protist like paramecium has contractile vacuoles that


collect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them
from over-expanding.

•Salt water fish pump salt out of their specialized gills so


they do not dehydrate.

•Animal cells are bathed in blood. Kidneys keep the blood


isotonic by remove excess salt and water.
How Cells Deal With Osmosis

Plants:
• Turgor Pressure
• Water pressure
that is exerted
against cell wall
• Plasmolysis – loss of turgor pressure
• Plants wilt

• Cytolysis – cells burst due to


hypotonic solution cell is in
How Cells Deal With Osmosis

• Animal Cells:
• Contractile
Vacuoles
• Collects water
and expels it
from the cell
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Active Transport
•cell uses energy in the form of ATP
•actively moves molecules to where they
are needed
•Movement from an area of low
concentration to an area of high
concentration

•(Low à High)
Types of Active Transport

1. Protein Pumps -transport proteins


that require energy to do work
•Example: Sodium - Potassium
Pumps are important in nerve
responses.
Types of Active Transport

2. Endocytosis: taking
bulky material into a cell
• Uses energy
• Cell membrane in-folds
around food particle
• “cell eating”
• forms food vacuole &
digests food
• This is how white blood
cells eat bacteria!
Types of Active Transport
3. Exocytosis: Forces material out of cell
in bulk
– process by which materials are
released from the inside of the cell
• Release toxins and waste products
• Release proteins
•Cell changes shape – requires energy
Example: Hormones or wastes released
from cell
WRITTEN WORK

• Review for 5 minutes

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