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Hydrology Report For BHR Pkg-4

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

194 views243 pages

Hydrology Report For BHR Pkg-4

Uploaded by

Divakar Nani

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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PACKAGE- 4

HYDROLOGY REPORT
MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 137+374)
Minor Bridge at Km: 137+374

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 8.300 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 8.3 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 8.3
= 92.91 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 137+374

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 830

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.977

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 1.112 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 6.10

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 120.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 0.98 x 0.6 = 0.0155462

tc + 1 1.112 + 1

Q = 830 x 10.417 x 0.016 = 134.4 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 137+374

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0 532.657
2 34.694 530.039
3 84.105 529.858
4 127.776 529.712
5 166.485 529.583
6 207.058 529.445 534
7 222.151 529.391 533
8 254.518 529.273 532
9 277.041 529.19 531
10 306.367 529.108 530
11 333.234 529.034 529
12 361.755 528.954 528
13 385.462 528.888 527
14 410.776 528.818 526
15 445.464 528.745 525
16 494.952 528.701
524
17 544.21 528.572
523
18 591.902 528.453
0 166.485 277.041 385.462 544.21
19 640.241 526.834

Bed slope = 0.0086

Minor Bridge at Km: 137+374

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Q = A x V
Where A = Cross Sectional Area
V = Velocity, calculated from Manning's formula
2/3 1/2
= 1xR xS
n
R = Hydraulic Mean depth = A/P
P = Wetted Perimeter
S = Bed Slope, measured over a long reach
n = Coefficient of rugosity (vide Table 5.1, SP-13, pg18)
Cross Section details at : 83m from PCL on Left side
Flow direction : Right to Left
Actual Modified Average
Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
530.800
1 0 530.800 530.661 530.661 0.139 0.070 0 0 0.070 0.000
2 2.524 530.800 530.656 530.656 0.144 0.142 2.524 0.3571 0.072 2.525
3 4.572 530.800 530.619 530.619 0.181 0.163 2.048 0.3328 0.021 2.048
4 5.61 530.800 529.393 529.393 1.407 0.794 1.038 0.8242 0.631 1.215
5 6.728 530.800 529.273 529.273 1.527 1.467 1.118 1.6401 0.673 1.305
6 7.805 530.800 529.373 529.373 1.427 1.477 1.077 1.5907 0.010 1.077
7 9.107 530.800 530.570 530.570 0.230 0.829 1.302 1.0787 0.649 1.455
8 11.283 530.800 530.580 530.580 0.220 0.225 2.176 0.4896 0.603 2.258
9 14.244 530.800 530.480 530.480 0.320 0.270 2.961 0.7995 0.045 2.961

0.808 7.1127 14.844

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 7.1

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 14.844
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.48
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0086
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.898 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.03
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 13.499

532.000
R.L (m)

530.000

528.000
0 2.524 4.572 5.61 6.728 7.805 9.107 11.283 14.244
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 137+374
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Q = A x V
Where A = Cross Sectional Area
V = Velocity, calculated from Manning's formula
= 1 x R 2/3 x S 1/2
n
R = Hydraulic Mean depth = A/P
P = Wetted Perimeter
S = Bed Slope, measured over a long reach
n = Coefficient of rugosity (vide Table 5.1, SP-13, pg18)
Cross Section details at : Centre from PCL

Actual Modified Average

Min 529.034 0.486 5.088 11.166

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 5.1

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 11.166
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.46
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0086
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.835 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.03
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 9.34

532.000
R.L (m)

530.000

528.000
0.00 1.20 2.40 3.95 5.99 8.88 9.88 10.88
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 137+374

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
529.200
1 0.000 529.200 530.020 530.020 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 3.370 529.200 530.050 530.050 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 5.648 529.200 530.108 530.108 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 7.068 529.200 528.865 528.865 0.335 0.168 1.420 0.238 0.168 1.430
5 8.468 529.200 528.745 528.745 0.455 0.395 1.400 0.553 0.228 1.418
6 10.131 529.200 528.847 528.847 0.353 0.404 1.663 0.672 0.009 1.663
7 11.762 529.200 529.843 529.843 0.000 0.177 1.631 0.288 0.228 1.647
8 15.582 529.200 529.899 529.899 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.177 0.177
9 19.107 529.200 529.858 529.858 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Min 528.745 0.143 1.751 6.335

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 1.8

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 6.335
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.28
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0086
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.315 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.03
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 2.30

532.000
R.L (m)

530.000

528.000
0.000 3.370 5.648 7.068 8.468 10.131 11.762 15.582 19.107
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 137+374

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 92.91 Cumecs
Rational Method 134.41 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 8.38 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 134.41 Cumecs

Second Highest = 92.91 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 92.91 = 139.36 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 134.41 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 134.41

175.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 137+374

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 134.41 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 532.167 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 532.200 532.200 0.000
2 1.20 529.154 529.154 3.013 1.506 1.198 1.805 1.506 1.925
3 2.40 529.034 529.034 3.133 3.073 1.205 3.702 1.566 1.976
4 3.95 529.137 529.137 3.030 3.081 1.542 4.751 0.009 1.542
5 5.99 529.955 529.955 2.212 2.621 2.046 5.362 0.461 2.097
6 8.88 529.972 529.972 2.195 2.203 2.889 6.365 0.418 2.919
7 9.88 529.947 529.947 2.220 2.207 1.000 2.207 0.004 1.000
8 10.88 530.100 530.100 2.067 2.143 1.000 2.143 0.064 1.002

TOTAL 26.33 sqm 12.46

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 26.34 / 12.47 = 2.113 m

R2/3 = 2.11^0.667 = 1.647 m

1/2
S = 0.0086^0.5 = 0.093
n = = 0.030
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.03*1.65*0.093 = 5.10 m/sec
Q=A*V 26.33*5.1 = 135.0 cumecs > more than 134.41 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 532.200 m
Therefore, design discharge = 135.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 137+374

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 135.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 5.10 m/s
HFL = 532.200 m
Bed level = 529.034 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 3.17 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 5.10 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 1.32 m
Total head = 1.33 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 5.11 m/s
Linear water way required = 8.35 m
Proposed vent way (1 x 10 - 0 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 9.00 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 5.10 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 26.33 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 25.33 m2
Afflux = 0.12 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.90 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 533.220 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 137+374

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MAJOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 138+425)
Major Bridge at Km: 138+425

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 15.200 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 15.2 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 15.2
= 146.26 cumec
Major Bridge at Km: 138+425

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 1520

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.958

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 1.701 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 7.70

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 80.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 0.96 x 0.6 = 0.0119195

tc + 1 1.701 + 1

Q = 1520 x 10.417 x 0.012 = 188.7 cumec

Major Bridge at Km: 138+425

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 529.530
2 10.00 530.530
3 15.00 528.880
4 20.00 528.680
5 25.00 528.510
6 30.00 528.480 531.000
7 35.00 528.460 530.500
8 40 528.44
9 45 528.4 530.000
10 50 528.38 529.500
11 55 528.36
12 60 528.34 529.000
13 71.18 528.29 528.500
14 78.25 528.42
528.000
15 85.32 529.07
16 92.39 529.04 527.500
17 99.46 529.04
527.000
18 106.54 529.04
0.00 25.00 45 71.18 99.46 127.75
19 113.61 529.1
20 120.68 529.11
21 127.75 529.12 Bed slope = 0.0127
22 138.93 528.94
Major Bridge at Km: 138+425
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
529.200
1 0.00 529.200 529.200 529.200 0.000
2 5.00 529.200 528.140 528.140 1.060 0.530 5.000 2.650 0.530 5.028
3 10.00 529.200 528.130 528.130 1.070 1.065 5.000 5.325 0.535 5.029
4 15.00 529.200 528.130 528.130 1.070 1.070 5.000 5.350 0.005 5.000
5 20.00 529.200 528.140 528.140 1.060 1.065 5.000 5.325 0.005 5.000
6 25.00 529.200 528.150 528.150 1.050 1.055 5.000 5.275 0.010 5.000
7 32.07 529.200 528.240 528.240 0.960 1.005 7.070 7.105 0.050 7.070
8 37.07 529.200 528.300 528.300 0.900 0.930 5.000 4.650 0.075 5.001
9 44.14 529.200 528.340 528.340 0.860 0.880 7.070 6.222 0.050 7.070
10 49.14 529.200 528.350 528.350 0.850 0.855 5.000 4.275 0.025 5.000
11 54.14 529.200 528.360 528.360 0.840 0.845 5.000 4.225 0.010 5.000
12 61.21 529.200 528.370 528.370 0.830 0.835 7.070 5.903 0.010 7.070
13 66.21 529.200 528.390 528.390 0.810 0.820 5.000 4.100 0.015 5.000
14 71.21 529.200 528.480 528.480 0.720 0.765 5.000 3.825 0.055 5.000
15 76.21 529.200 528.630 528.630 0.570 0.645 5.000 3.225 0.120 5.001
16 81.21 529.200 529.060 529.060 0.140 0.355 5.000 1.775 0.290 5.008
17 86.21 529.200 529.360 529.360 0.000 0.070 5.000 0.350 0.285 5.008
18 88.64 529.200 529.320 529.320 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.070

Min 528.130 0.752 69.580 86.356

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 69.6

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 86.356
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.81
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0127
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.771 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 123.26

530.000
R.L (m)

528.000

526.000
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 32.07 37.07 44.14 49.14 54.14 61.21 66.21 71.21 76.21 81.21 86.21 88.64
Chainage(m)
Major Bridge at Km: 138+425

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 146.26 Cumecs
Rational Method 188.72 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 123.26 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 188.72 Cumecs

Second Highest = 146.26 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 146.26 = 219.40 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 188.72 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 188.72

246.00 Cumecs
Major Bridge at Km: 138+425

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 188.72 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 529.457 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 529.500 529.500 0.000
2 5.00 528.140 528.140 1.317 0.659 5.000 3.293 0.659 5.043
3 10.00 528.130 528.130 1.327 1.322 5.000 6.611 0.664 5.044
4 15.00 528.130 528.130 1.327 1.327 5.000 6.636 0.005 5.000
5 20.00 528.140 528.140 1.317 1.322 5.000 6.611 0.005 5.000
6 25.00 528.150 528.150 1.307 1.312 5.000 6.561 0.010 5.000
7 32.07 528.240 528.240 1.217 1.262 7.070 8.924 0.050 7.070
8 37.07 528.300 528.300 1.157 1.187 5.000 5.936 0.075 5.001
9 44.14 528.340 528.340 1.117 1.137 7.070 8.040 0.050 7.070
10 49.14 528.350 528.350 1.107 1.112 5.000 5.561 0.025 5.000
11 54.14 528.360 528.360 1.097 1.102 5.000 5.511 0.010 5.000
12 61.21 528.370 528.370 1.087 1.092 7.070 7.722 0.010 7.070
13 66.21 528.390 528.390 1.067 1.077 5.000 5.386 0.015 5.000
14 71.21 528.480 528.480 0.977 1.022 5.000 5.111 0.055 5.000
15 76.21 528.630 528.630 0.827 0.902 5.000 4.511 0.120 5.001
16 81.21 529.060 529.060 0.397 0.612 5.000 3.061 0.290 5.008
17 86.21 529.360 529.360 0.097 0.247 5.000 1.236 0.365 5.013
18 88.64 529.500 529.500 0.000 0.049 2.430 0.118 0.199 2.438

TOTAL 90.83 sqm 88.76

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 90.84 / 88.76 = 1.023 m

R2/3 = 1.02^0.667 = 1.016 m

1/2
S = 0.0127^0.5 = 0.113
n = = 0.055
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.055*1.02*0.1125 = 2.08 m/sec
Q=A*V 90.83*2.08 = 189.0 cumecs > more than 188.72 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 529.500 m
Therefore, design discharge = 189.00 cumecs ok
Major Bridge at Km: 138+425

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 189.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 2.08 m/s
HFL = 529.500 m
Bed level = 528.130 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 1.37 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 2.07 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.22 m
Total head = 0.22 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 2.09 m/s
Linear water way required = 65.89 m
Proposed vent way (4 x 20 - 3 x 1 - 2 x 0.5) = 76.00 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 2.08 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 90.83 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 88.83 m2
Afflux = 0.01 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.90 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 530.410 m

Major Bridge at Km: 138+425

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 141+359)
Minor Bridge at Km: 141+359

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 5.400 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 5.4 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 5.4
= 67.31 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 141+359

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 540

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.985

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 0.547 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 3.30

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 120.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 0.99 x 0.6 = 0.0213981

tc + 1 0.547 + 1

Q = 540 x 10.417 x 0.021 = 120.4 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 141+359

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 526.616
2 29.66 526.548
3 60.65 526.483
4 76.28 526.451
5 97.38 526.412
6 141.90 526.332 527.500
7 170.03 526.271 527.000
8 176.942 526.256
526.500
9 194.955 526.216
10 211.228 526.193 526.000
11 226.607 526.173 525.500
12 237.523 526.154 525.000
13 251.968 526.124
14 276.387 526.066
524.500
15 305.523 526.008 524.000
16 337.415 525.935 523.500
17 345.812 525.888
523.000
18 375.529 525.736
0.00 141.90 226.607 337.415 435.59 655.276
19 400.646 525.607
20 434.884 525.43
21 435.59 525.427 Bed slope = 0.0032
22 493.499 525.153
23 535.383 524.98
24 584.683 524.716
25 621.317 524.536
26 655.276 524.361
Minor Bridge at Km: 141+359

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Q = A x V
Where A = Cross Sectional Area
V = Velocity, calculated from Manning's formula
2/3 1/2
= 1xR xS
n
R = Hydraulic Mean depth = A/P
P = Wetted Perimeter
S = Bed Slope, measured over a long reach
n = Coefficient of rugosity (vide Table 5.1, SP-13, pg18)
Cross Section details at : 133m from PCL on Left side
Flow direction : Right to Left
Actual Modified Average
Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
527.500
1 0 527.500 527.500 527.500 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
2 4.232 527.500 527.227 527.227 0.273 0.137 4.232 0.5777 0.137 4.234
3 6.512 527.500 527.586 527.586 0.000 0.137 2.28 0.3112 0.000 2.280
4 8.96 527.500 526.297 526.297 1.203 0.601 2.448 1.4725 0.465 2.492
5 11.993 527.500 526.216 526.216 1.284 1.243 3.033 3.7715 0.642 3.100
6 14.83 527.500 526.314 526.314 1.186 1.235 2.837 3.5037 0.008 2.837
7 17.175 527.500 527.302 527.302 0.198 0.692 2.345 1.6227 0.543 2.407
8 20.047 527.500 527.500 527.500 0.000 0.099 2.872 0.2843 0.593 2.933
9 22.981 527.500 527.500 527.500 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.099 0.099

0.671 11.544 20.382

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 11.5

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 20.382
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.57
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0032
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.701 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 8.096

528.000
R.L (m)

526.000

524.000
0 4.232 6.512 8.96 11.993 14.83 17.175 20.047 22.981
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 141+359
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Min 526.008 0.606 17.529 31.023

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 17.5

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 31.023
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.57
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0032
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.700 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 12.27

528.000
R.L (m)

526.000

524.000
0.00 5.00 9.94 14.05 17.00 20.22 25.07 25.91 30.91
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 141+359

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
526.500
1 0.000 526.500 526.500 526.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 4.985 526.500 525.674 525.674 0.826 0.413 4.985 2.059 0.413 5.002
3 7.968 526.500 525.514 525.514 0.986 0.906 2.983 2.703 0.493 3.023
4 11.878 526.500 525.248 525.248 1.252 1.119 3.910 4.375 0.213 3.916
5 16.016 526.500 525.153 525.153 1.347 1.299 4.138 5.377 0.180 4.142
6 20.159 526.500 525.233 525.233 1.267 1.307 4.143 5.415 0.008 4.143
7 23.448 526.500 525.500 525.500 1.000 1.134 3.289 3.728 0.173 3.294
8 26.283 526.500 525.520 525.520 0.980 0.990 2.835 2.807 0.144 2.839
9 28.837 526.500 526.500 526.500 0.000 0.490 2.554 1.251 0.500 2.602

Min 525.153 0.957 27.715 28.961

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 27.7

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 28.961
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.96
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0032
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.995 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 27.57

528.000
R.L (m)

526.000

524.000
0.000 4.985 7.968 11.878 16.016 20.159 23.448 26.283 28.837
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 141+359

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 67.31 Cumecs
Rational Method 120.36 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 15.98 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 120.36 Cumecs

Second Highest = 67.31 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 67.31 = 100.96 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 120.36 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 120.36

157.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 141+359

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 120.36 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 528.918 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 529.000 529.000 0.000
2 5.00 527.047 527.047 1.871 0.936 5.000 4.678 0.936 5.087
3 9.94 526.223 526.223 2.695 2.283 4.944 11.289 1.348 5.124
4 14.05 526.084 526.084 2.834 2.765 4.106 11.352 0.482 4.134
5 17.00 526.008 526.008 2.910 2.872 2.950 8.473 0.107 2.952
6 20.22 526.113 526.113 2.805 2.858 3.215 9.188 0.015 3.215
7 25.07 526.704 526.704 2.214 2.510 4.857 12.190 0.348 4.869
8 25.91 526.677 526.677 2.241 2.228 0.839 1.869 0.282 0.885
9 30.91 527.100 527.100 1.818 2.030 5.000 10.149 0.198 5.004

TOTAL 69.19 sqm 31.27

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 69.19 / 31.28 = 2.213 m

R2/3 = 2.21^0.667 = 1.698 m

1/2
S = 0.0032^0.5 = 0.056
n = = 0.055
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.055*1.7*0.0563 = 1.74 m/sec
Q=A*V 69.19*1.74 = 121.0 cumecs > more than 120.36 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 529.000 m
Therefore, design discharge = 121.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 141+359

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 121.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 1.74 m/s
HFL = 529.000 m
Bed level = 526.008 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 2.99 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 1.74 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.15 m
Total head = 0.16 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 1.76 m/s
Linear water way required = 22.92 m
Proposed vent way (1 x 25 - 0 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 24.00 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 1.74 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 69.19 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 68.19 m2
Afflux = 0.01 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.90 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 529.910 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 141+359

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 144+473)
Minor Bridge at Km: 144+473

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 4.600 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 4.6 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 4.6
= 59.68 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 144+473

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 460

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.987

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 0.629 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 4.10

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 160.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 0.99 x 0.6 = 0.0203644

tc + 1 0.629 + 1

Q = 460 x 10.417 x 0.020 = 97.58 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 144+473

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 510.278
2 45.68 510.106
3 62.30 510.043
4 95.53 509.917
5 125.02 509.851
6 170.98 509.749 512.000
7 202.93 509.896 511.000
8 227.6 510.009 510.000
9 231.083 509.745
509.000
10 240.63 509.022
508.000
11 243.993 508.767
12 259.448 508.575 507.000
13 293.364 508.154 506.000
14 332.281 508.258 505.000
15 359.632 507.853 504.000
16 402.541 507.447 503.000
17 433.491 507.497
502.000
18 445.348 507.335
0.00 170.98 243.993 402.541 530.187 661.312
19 457.618 507.173
20 488.601 506.764
21 530.187 506.198 Bed slope = 0.0154
22 555.564 506.28
23 586.606 506.208
24 621.016 506.128
25 646.027 505.345
26 661.312 505.045
Minor Bridge at Km: 144+473

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Q = A x V
Where A =Cross Sectional Area
V =Velocity, calculated from Manning's formula
2/3 1/2
=1xR xS
n
R = Hydraulic Mean depth = A/P
P = Wetted Perimeter
S = Bed Slope, measured over a long reach
n = Coefficient of rugosity (vide Table 5.1, SP-13, pg18)
Cross Section details at : 173m from PCL on Left side
Flow direction : Right to Left
Actual Modified Average
Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
512.000
1 0 512.000 512.000 512.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
2 7.767 512.000 510.800 510.800 1.200 0.600 7.767 4.6602 0.600 7.790
3 12.647 512.000 511.358 511.358 0.642 0.921 4.88 4.4945 0.321 4.891
4 15.477 512.000 510.065 510.065 1.935 1.289 2.83 3.6465 0.368 2.854
5 17.628 512.000 509.749 509.749 2.251 2.093 2.151 4.502 0.804 2.297
6 19.573 512.000 510.040 510.040 1.960 2.105 1.945 4.0952 0.012 1.945
7 24.908 512.000 511.132 511.132 0.868 1.414 5.335 7.5437 0.691 5.380
8 33.905 512.000 510.646 510.646 1.354 1.111 8.997 9.9957 0.303 9.002
9 40.975 512.000 512.000 512.000 0.000 0.677 7.07 4.7864 0.434 7.083

1.402 43.724 41.241

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 43.7

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 41.241
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 1.06
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0154
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 2.345 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 102.552

514.000

512.000
R.L (m)

510.000

508.000
0 7.767 12.647 15.477 17.628 19.573 24.908 33.905 40.975

Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 144+473
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Min 508.258 0.243 7.018 12.758

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 7.0

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 12.758
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.55
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0154
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.514 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 10.63

512.000

510.000
R.L (m)

508.000

506.000
0.00 2.12 6.25 13.23 15.55 18.08 20.68 25.51 27.96 30.90 32.97
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 144+473

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
509.008
1 0.000 509.008 509.008 509.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 5.511 509.008 508.915 508.915 0.093 0.046 5.511 0.256 0.046 5.511
3 12.026 509.008 508.766 508.766 0.242 0.167 6.515 1.091 0.121 6.516
4 18.938 509.008 508.786 508.786 0.222 0.232 6.912 1.604 0.065 6.912
5 25.248 509.008 507.343 507.343 1.665 0.943 6.310 5.953 0.712 6.350
6 31.882 509.008 506.764 506.764 2.244 1.954 6.634 12.966 1.011 6.711
7 36.174 509.008 507.298 507.298 1.710 1.977 4.292 8.485 0.023 4.292
8 43.448 509.008 509.064 509.064 0.000 0.855 7.274 6.219 1.122 7.360
9 49.490 509.008 509.139 509.139 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.855 0.855
10 54.608 509.008 509.219 509.219 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
11 59.474 509.008 509.283 509.283 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Min 506.764 0.618 36.575 44.507

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 36.6

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 44.507
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.82
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0154
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.979 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 72.39

510.000

508.000
R.L (m)

506.000

504.000
0.000 5.511 12.026 18.938 25.248 31.882 36.174 43.448 49.490 54.608 59.474
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 144+473

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 59.68 Cumecs
Rational Method 97.58 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 61.86 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 97.58 Cumecs

Second Highest = 61.86 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 61.86 = 92.78 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 97.58 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 97.58

127.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 144+473

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 97.58 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 510.632 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 509.683 509.683 0.949
2 2.12 509.653 509.653 0.979 0.964 2.122 2.046 0.964 2.331
3 6.25 509.587 509.587 1.045 1.012 4.124 4.175 0.048 4.124
4 13.23 509.473 509.473 1.159 1.102 6.988 7.703 0.090 6.989
5 15.55 508.663 508.663 1.969 1.564 2.314 3.620 0.462 2.360
6 18.08 508.258 508.258 2.374 2.172 2.535 5.506 0.608 2.607
7 20.68 508.546 508.546 2.086 2.230 2.595 5.788 0.059 2.596
8 25.51 510.411 510.411 0.221 1.154 4.834 5.578 1.077 4.952
9 27.96 510.108 510.108 0.524 0.373 2.448 0.913 0.781 2.570
10 30.90 509.780 509.780 0.852 0.688 2.937 2.022 0.316 2.954
11 32.97 509.815 509.815 0.817 0.835 2.076 1.733 0.147 2.081

TOTAL 39.08 sqm 33.56

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 39.09 / 33.57 = 1.164 m

R2/3 = 1.16^0.667 = 1.107 m

1/2
S = 0.0154^0.5 = 0.124
n = = 0.055
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.055*1.11*0.1241 = 2.50 m/sec
Q=A*V 39.08*2.5 = 98.0 cumecs > more than 97.58 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 510.700 m
Therefore, design discharge = 98.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 144+473

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 98.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 2.50 m/s
HFL = 510.700 m
Bed level = 508.258 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 2.44 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 2.49 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.32 m
Total head = 0.32 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 2.51 m/s
Linear water way required = 15.98 m
Proposed vent way (2 x 10 - 1 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 18.50 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 2.50 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 39.08 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 38.08 m2
Afflux = 0.02 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.90 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 511.620 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 144+473

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MAJOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 145+083)
Major Bridge at Km: 145+083

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 5810.000 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 5810.0 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 5810.0
= 12644.04 cumec
(ii) As per Ryves Formula :
2/3
Q = CM
Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec
C = 6.8 for areas with in 25 km of the Coast
8.5 for areas between 25 and 160 km of the Coast
10 for limited areas near the hills
.'. C = 8.5
M = The Catchment Area in Sq.km = 5810.0 Sq.km

2/3
Q= 8.5 x 5810.0
= 2747.070 cu.m/sec
Major Bridge at Km: 145+083

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0 505.993
2 73.943 503.99
3 139.207 503.99
4 191.418 503.99
5 238.469 503.99
6 293.808 503.99 507
7 336.605 503.99 506
8 381.755 503.99
505
9 409.736 503.99
10 432.091 503.985 504
11 484.315 503.965 503
12 527.504 503.915 502
13 579.946 503.68
14 628.619 503.55
501
15 661.613 503.46 500
16 729.791 503.41 499
17 776.178 503.14
498
18 816.281 502.9
0 293.808 484.315 729.791 895.855
19 839.953 502.76
20 865.517 502.61
21 895.855 502.43 Bed slope = 0.0045
22 941.698 502.16
23 984.461 501.91
24 1028.503 501.65
25 1058.832 500.966
Major Bridge at Km: 145+083

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Q = A x V
Where A = Cross Sectional Area
V = Velocity, calculated from Manning's formula
2/3 1/2
= 1xR xS
n
R = Hydraulic Mean depth = A/P
P = Wetted Perimeter
S = Bed Slope, measured over a long reach
n = Coefficient of rugosity (vide Table 5.1, SP-13, pg18)
Cross Section details at : 242m from PCL on Left side
Flow direction : Right to Left
Actual Modified Average
Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
507.600
1 0 507.600 511.645 511.645 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
2 9.659 507.600 511.737 511.737 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
3 22.136 507.600 511.678 511.678 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
4 25.817 507.600 510.138 510.138 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
5 28.846 507.600 510.126 510.126 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
6 36.787 507.600 509.967 509.967 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
7 42.816 507.600 508.219 508.219 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
8 52.506 507.600 506.450 506.450 1.150 0.575 9.69 5.5718 0.575 9.707
9 60.13 507.600 505.596 505.596 2.004 1.577 7.624 12.023 1.002 7.690
10 69.383 507.600 504.610 504.610 2.990 2.497 9.253 23.105 0.920 9.299
11 113.15 507.600 503.990 503.990 3.610 3.300 43.767 144.43 0.803 43.774
12 152.369 507.600 503.448 503.448 4.152 3.881 39.219 152.21 0.581 39.223
13 159.436 507.600 505.025 505.025 2.575 3.364 7.067 23.77 0.517 7.086
14 177.369 507.600 511.698 511.698 0.000 1.288 17.933 23.089 2.076 18.053
15 191.389 507.600 512.163 512.163 0.000 0.000 0 0 1.288 1.288
16 206.323 507.600 512.585 512.585 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000

0.000 384.2 136.119

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 384.2

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 136.119
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 2.82
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0045
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.924 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.07
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 739.339

514.000
512.000
510.000
R.L (m)

508.000
506.000
504.000
502.000
500.000
498.000
0 9.659 22.136 25.817 28.846 36.787 42.816 52.506 60.13 69.383 113.15 152.369 159.436 177.369 191.389 206.323

Chainage(m)
Major Bridge at Km: 145+083
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
506.500
1 0.00 506.500 510.772 510.772 0.000
2 8.52 506.500 510.677 510.677 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 20.45 506.500 510.611 510.611 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 35.05 506.500 510.367 510.367 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
5 38.93 506.500 510.560 510.560 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
6 43.18 506.500 509.371 509.371 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
7 48.20 506.500 507.818 507.818 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
8 57.00 506.500 506.420 506.420 0.080 0.040 8.800 0.352 0.040 8.800
9 61.78 506.500 504.724 504.724 1.776 0.928 4.780 4.436 0.888 4.862
10 116.03 506.500 503.460 503.460 3.040 2.408 54.253 130.641 1.480 54.273
11 151.36 506.500 505.040 505.040 1.460 2.250 35.326 79.484 0.158 35.326
12 155.40 506.500 505.690 505.690 0.810 1.135 4.043 4.589 1.115 4.194
13 163.80 506.500 508.897 508.897 0.000 0.405 8.405 3.404 0.730 8.437
14 168.54 506.500 508.888 508.888 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.405 0.405
15 171.68 506.500 508.902 508.902 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
16 173.01 506.500 509.065 509.065 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
17 178.01 506.500 509.693 509.693 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Min 503.460 0.448 222.905 116.297

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 222.9

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 116.297
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 1.92
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0045
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.487 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.07
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 331.40

512.000
510.000
508.000
R.L (m)

506.000
504.000
502.000
500.000
498.000
0.00 8.52 20.45 35.05 38.93 43.18 48.20 57.00 61.78 116.03 151.36 155.40 163.80 168.54 171.68 173.01 178.01
Chainage(m)
Major Bridge at Km: 145+083

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
505.500
1 0.000 505.500 510.235 510.235 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 8.738 505.500 508.589 508.589 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 16.832 505.500 510.531 510.531 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 30.653 505.500 507.939 507.939 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
5 36.578 505.500 505.572 505.572 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
6 39.720 505.500 504.710 504.710 0.790 0.395 3.142 1.241 0.395 3.167
7 73.406 505.500 502.900 502.900 2.600 1.695 33.686 57.098 1.300 33.711
8 115.651 505.500 504.780 504.780 0.720 1.660 42.245 70.127 0.035 42.245
9 122.084 505.500 506.887 506.887 0.000 0.360 6.433 2.316 1.300 6.563
10 128.058 505.500 507.333 507.333 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.360 0.360
11 132.668 505.500 510.353 510.353 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
12 142.624 505.500 510.382 510.382 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
13 153.076 505.500 510.562 510.562 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
14 162.490 505.500 510.655 510.655 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Min 502.900 0.316 130.781 86.046

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 130.8

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 86.046
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 1.52
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0045
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.274 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.07
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 166.58

512.000
510.000
508.000
R.L (m)

506.000
504.000
502.000
500.000
498.000
0.000 8.738 16.832 30.653 36.578 39.720 73.406 115.651 122.084 128.058 132.668 142.624 153.076 162.490
Chainage(m)
Major Bridge at Km: 145+083

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 12644.04 Cumecs
Ryves Formula 2747.07 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 412.44 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 12644.04 Cumecs

Second Highest = 2747.07 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 2747.07 = 4120.60 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 12644.04 Cumecs

Discharge From Naviluteertha Dam 596.77 Cumecs

Total Discharge 13240.80 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.2 x 13240.80

15889.00 Cumecs
Major Bridge at Km: 145+083

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 12644.04 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 520.333 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 520.400 520.400 0.000
2 8.52 510.677 510.677 9.656 4.828 8.517 41.119 4.828 9.790
3 20.45 510.611 510.611 9.722 9.689 11.937 115.655 4.861 12.889
4 35.05 510.367 510.367 9.966 9.844 14.595 143.670 0.155 14.596
5 38.93 510.560 510.560 9.773 9.869 3.877 38.263 0.025 3.877
6 43.18 509.371 509.371 10.962 10.367 4.255 44.113 0.498 4.284
7 48.20 507.818 507.818 12.515 11.738 5.016 58.879 1.371 5.200
8 57.00 506.420 506.420 13.913 13.214 8.800 116.281 1.475 8.923
9 61.78 504.724 504.724 15.609 14.761 4.780 70.557 1.547 5.024
10 116.03 503.460 503.460 16.873 16.241 54.253 881.111 1.480 54.273
11 151.36 505.040 505.040 15.293 16.083 35.326 568.140 0.158 35.326
12 155.40 505.690 505.690 14.643 14.968 4.043 60.515 1.115 4.194
13 163.80 508.897 508.897 11.436 13.039 8.405 109.595 1.928 8.623
14 168.54 508.888 508.888 11.445 11.440 4.733 54.147 1.599 4.996
15 171.68 508.902 508.902 11.431 11.438 3.145 35.972 0.002 3.145
16 173.01 509.065 509.065 11.268 11.349 1.324 15.026 0.089 1.327
17 178.01 520.400 520.400 0.000 5.634 5.000 28.169 5.715 7.594

TOTAL 2381.21 sqm 184.06

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 2381.22 / 184.07 = 12.937 m

R2/3 = 12.94^0.667 = 5.511 m

1/2
S = 0.0045^0.5 = 0.067
n = = 0.070
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.07*5.51*0.0674 = 5.31 m/sec
Q=A*V 2381.21*5.31 = 12645.0 cumecs > more than 12644.04 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 520.400 m
Therefore, design discharge = 12645.00 cumecs ok
Major Bridge at Km: 145+083

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 12645.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 5.31 m/s
HFL = 520.400 m
Bed level = 509.371 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 11.03 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 5.31 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 1.44 m
Total head = 1.44 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 5.32 m/s
Linear water way required = 215.64 m
Proposed vent way (9 x 25 - 8 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 220.00 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 5.31 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 2381.21 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 2380.21 m2
Afflux = 0.00 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 1.50 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 521.900 m

Major Bridge at Km: 145+083

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 149+834)
Minor Bridge at Km: 149+834

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 1.500 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 1.5 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 1.5
= 25.75 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 149+834

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 150

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.996

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 0.285 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 1.30

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 40.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 1.00 x 0.6 = 0.0260468

tc + 1 0.285 + 1

Q = 150 x 10.417 x 0.026 = 40.7 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 149+834

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 531.482
2 52.95 530.503
3 104.90 529.523
4 149.78 528.838
5 178.98 528.286
6 191.48 528.103 534.000
7 212.45 527.734 532.000
8 246.743 526.032
530.000
9 294.039 525.373
10 311.14 525.135 528.000
11 338.727 524.732 526.000
12 370.894 524.614 524.000
13 398.474 524.301
14 426.054 523.987
522.000
15 471.07 523.897 520.000
16 510.587 523.64 518.000
17 550.104 523.383
516.000
18 589.621 523.126
0.00 149.78 212.45 311.14 398.474 510.587

Bed slope = 0.0143

Minor Bridge at Km: 149+834

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Q = A x V
Where A =Cross Sectional Area
V =Velocity, calculated from Manning's formula
2/3 1/2
=1xR xS
n
R = Hydraulic Mean depth = A/P
P = Wetted Perimeter
S = Bed Slope, measured over a long reach
n = Coefficient of rugosity (vide Table 5.1, SP-13, pg18)
Cross Section details at : 123m from PCL on Left side
Flow direction : Right to Left
Actual Modified Average
Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
531.871
1 0 531.871 531.871 531.871 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
2 4.392 531.871 531.699 531.699 0.172 0.086 4.392 0.3777 0.086 4.393
3 10.418 531.871 532.044 532.044 0.000 0.086 6.026 0.5182 0.000 6.026
4 14.642 531.871 530.514 530.514 1.357 0.678 4.224 2.866 0.592 4.265
5 17.794 531.871 528.838 528.838 3.033 2.195 3.152 6.9186 1.517 3.498
6 20.18 531.871 529.810 529.810 2.061 2.547 2.386 6.0771 0.352 2.412
7 24.204 531.871 532.164 532.164 0.000 1.031 4.024 4.1467 1.517 4.300
8 27.483 531.871 531.970 531.970 0.000 0.000 0 0 1.031 1.031
9 36.017 531.871 532.020 532.020 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
10 44.551 531.871 532.069 532.069 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000

1.119 20.904 25.925

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 20.9

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 25.925
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.81
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0143
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.886 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 39.429

534.000

532.000
R.L (m)

530.000

528.000

526.000
0 4.392 10.418 14.642 17.794 20.18 24.204 27.483 36.017

Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 149+834
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Min 525.872 0.429 9.444 18.668

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 9.4

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 18.668
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.51
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0143
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.382 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 13.05

532.000

530.000
R.L (m)

528.000

526.000

524.000

522.000
0.00 10.52 21.89 24.05 29.13
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 149+834

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
524.800
1 0.000 524.800 527.585 527.585 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 3.405 524.800 526.253 526.253 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 9.138 524.800 527.772 527.772 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 19.451 524.800 526.043 526.043 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
5 32.266 524.800 524.325 524.325 0.475 0.238 12.815 3.044 0.238 12.817
6 35.312 524.800 523.987 523.987 0.813 0.644 3.046 1.962 0.407 3.073
7 40.264 524.800 524.708 524.708 0.092 0.453 4.952 2.241 0.191 4.956
8 47.849 524.800 526.575 526.575 0.000 0.046 7.585 0.349 0.407 7.596
9 52.430 524.800 526.393 526.393 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.046 0.046
10 60.208 524.800 526.242 526.242 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Min 523.987 0.153 7.595 28.488

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 7.6

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 28.488
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.27
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0143
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.902 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 6.85

530.000

528.000
R.L (m)

526.000

524.000

522.000
0.000 3.405 9.138 19.451 32.266 35.312 40.264 47.849 52.430 60.208
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 149+834

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 25.75 Cumecs
Rational Method 40.70 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 19.78 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 40.70 Cumecs

Second Highest = 25.75 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 25.75 = 38.63 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 40.70 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 40.70

53.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 149+834

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 40.70 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 527.798 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 527.800 527.800 0.000
2 10.52 528.150 528.150 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 21.89 525.872 525.872 1.926 0.963 11.367 10.946 0.963 11.408
4 24.05 526.212 526.212 1.586 1.756 2.163 3.798 0.793 2.304
5 29.13 528.667 528.667 0.000 0.793 5.073 4.023 0.963 5.164

TOTAL 18.77 sqm 18.88

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 18.77 / 18.88 = 0.994 m

R2/3 = 0.99^0.667 = 0.996 m

1/2
S = 0.0143^0.5 = 0.120
n = = 0.055
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.055*1*0.1197 = 2.17 m/sec
Q=A*V 18.77*2.17 = 41.0 cumecs > more than 40.70 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 527.800 m
Therefore, design discharge = 41.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 149+834

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 41.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 2.17 m/s
HFL = 527.800 m
Bed level = 525.872 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 1.93 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 2.16 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.24 m
Total head = 0.24 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 2.19 m/s
Linear water way required = 9.73 m
Proposed vent way (1 x 20 - 0 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 19.00 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 2.17 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 18.77 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 17.77 m2
Afflux = 0.03 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.90 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 528.730 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 149+834

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 150+532)
Minor Bridge at Km: 150+532

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 6.500 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 6.5 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 6.5
= 77.35 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 150+532

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 650

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.982

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 0.846 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 5.30

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 160.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 0.98 x 0.6 = 0.0178743

tc + 1 0.846 + 1

Q = 650 x 10.417 x 0.018 = 121 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 150+532

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 532.284
2 42.83 532.010
3 85.66 531.736
4 128.49 531.462
5 160.93 531.203
6 193.36 530.944 534.000
7 233.92 530.951 532.000
8 271.636 530.524
9 316.647 529.808 530.000
10 339.105 530.292 528.000
11 377.245 529.645
12 415.229 529.314 526.000
13 454.887 528.976 524.000
14 499.726 528.589
522.000
15 539.105 528.454
16 585.555 528.275 520.000
17 633.766 528.093
518.000
18 687.966 527.889
0.00 233.92 454.887 737.05 1007.2541182.697
19 737.05 527.699
20 781.623 527.384
21 826.197 527.07 Bed slope = 0.0065
22 870.771 526.755
23 923.289 526.329
24 966.38 525.956
25 1007.254 525.603
26 1046.778 525.33
27 1076.615 525.21
28 1095.363 525.135
29 1122.95 524.732
30 1155.117 524.614
31 1182.697 524.301
32 1210.277 523.987
33 1255.293 523.897
34 1294.81 523.64
35 1334.327 523.383
36 1373.844 523.126
Minor Bridge at Km: 150+532

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Q = A x V
Where A =Cross Sectional Area
V =Velocity, calculated from Manning's formula
2/3 1/2
=1xR xS
n
R = Hydraulic Mean depth = A/P
P = Wetted Perimeter
S = Bed Slope, measured over a long reach
n = Coefficient of rugosity (vide Table 5.1, SP-13, pg18)
Cross Section details at : 117m from PCL on Left side
Flow direction : Right to Left
Actual Modified Average
Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
531.600
1 0 531.600 532.453 532.453 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
2 14.045 531.600 532.747 532.747 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
3 18.205 531.600 532.841 532.841 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
4 21.878 531.600 531.626 531.626 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
5 25.812 531.600 530.944 530.944 0.656 0.328 3.934 1.2904 0.328 3.948
6 28.835 531.600 531.378 531.378 0.222 0.439 3.023 1.3271 0.111 3.025
7 33.881 531.600 533.309 533.309 0.000 0.111 5.046 0.5601 0.328 5.057
8 39.45 531.600 534.233 534.233 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.111 0.111
9 47.722 531.600 533.990 533.990 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000

0.153 3.1776 12.140

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 3.2

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 12.140
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.26
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0065
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.822 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.04
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 2.613

536.000

534.000
R.L (m)

532.000

530.000

528.000
0 14.045 18.205 21.878 25.812 28.835 33.881 39.45 47.722

Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 150+532
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Min 529.808 0.215 5.830 13.844

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 5.8

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 13.844
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.42
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0065
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.129 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.04
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 6.58

536.000

534.000
R.L (m)

532.000

530.000

528.000

526.000
0.00 6.08 10.31 17.57 18.67 23.46 28.69 32.80 37.80
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 150+532

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
529.600
1 0.000 529.600 531.407 531.407 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 5.426 529.600 532.300 532.300 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 11.252 529.600 532.429 532.429 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 16.325 529.600 528.986 528.986 0.614 0.307 5.073 1.557 0.307 5.082
5 19.320 529.600 528.589 528.589 1.011 0.813 2.995 2.433 0.505 3.037
6 21.376 529.600 528.770 528.770 0.830 0.921 2.056 1.893 0.108 2.059
7 26.217 529.600 531.104 531.104 0.000 0.415 4.841 2.009 0.505 4.867
8 28.826 529.600 531.145 531.145 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.415 0.415

Min 528.589 0.351 7.892 15.461

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 7.9

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 15.461
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.51
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0065
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.284 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.04
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 10.13

534.000

532.000
R.L (m)

530.000

528.000

526.000
0.000 5.426 11.252 16.325 19.320 21.376 26.217 28.826
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 150+532

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 77.35 Cumecs
Rational Method 121.02 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 6.44 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 121.02 Cumecs

Second Highest = 77.35 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 77.35 = 116.02 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 121.02 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 121.02

158.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 150+532

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 121.02 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 533.517 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 532.436 532.436 1.081
2 6.08 532.417 532.417 1.100 1.091 6.076 6.626 1.091 6.173
3 10.31 532.491 532.491 1.026 1.063 4.232 4.499 0.027 4.232
4 17.57 530.275 530.275 3.242 2.134 7.261 15.495 1.071 7.340
5 18.67 529.808 529.808 3.709 3.476 1.099 3.820 1.342 1.734
6 23.46 532.069 532.069 1.448 2.579 4.793 12.359 0.897 4.876
7 28.69 533.920 533.920 0.000 0.724 5.229 3.786 1.855 5.548
8 32.80 532.916 532.916 0.601 0.301 4.109 1.235 0.424 4.131
9 37.80 532.993 532.993 0.524 0.563 5.000 2.813 0.262 5.007

TOTAL 50.63 sqm 39.04

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 50.64 / 39.05 = 1.297 m

R2/3 = 1.3^0.667 = 1.189 m

1/2
S = 0.0065^0.5 = 0.080
n = = 0.040
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.04*1.19*0.0804 = 2.39 m/sec
Q=A*V 50.63*2.39 = 122.0 cumecs > more than 121.02 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 533.600 m
Therefore, design discharge = 122.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 150+532

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 122.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 2.39 m/s
HFL = 533.600 m
Bed level = 529.808 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 3.79 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 2.39 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.29 m
Total head = 0.30 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 2.41 m/s
Linear water way required = 13.36 m
Proposed vent way (2 x 10 - 1 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 18.50 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 2.39 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 50.63 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 49.63 m2
Afflux = 0.01 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.90 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 534.510 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 150+532

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 153+571)
Minor Bridge at Km: 153+571

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 3.700 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 3.7 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 3.7
= 50.69 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 153+571

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 370

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.990

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 0.447 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 2.20

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 60.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 0.99 x 0.6 = 0.0229822

tc + 1 0.447 + 1

Q = 370 x 10.417 x 0.023 = 88.58 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 153+571

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 551.931
2 21.31 551.729
3 43.95 551.553
4 71.73 551.324
5 99.51 551.094
6 124.33 550.921 554.000
7 147.33 550.855 552.000
8 163.924 550.776
9 179.535 550.684 550.000
10 201.944 550.594 548.000
11 217.497 550.355
12 237.733 549.108 546.000
13 264.85 548.209 544.000
14 302.178 547.768
542.000
15 339.579 547.171
16 357.794 546.922 540.000
17 391.425 546.643
538.000
18 438.263 545.727
0.00 124.33 217.497 357.794 573.505 705.375
19 487.97 545.58
20 530.722 545.047
21 573.505 544.765 Bed slope = 0.0130
22 612.694 544.492
23 621.427 544.39
24 651.563 543.924
25 680.974 543.458
26 705.375 543.071
Minor Bridge at Km: 153+571

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Q = A x V
Where A =Cross Sectional Area
V =Velocity, calculated from Manning's formula
2/3 1/2
=1xR xS
n
R = Hydraulic Mean depth = A/P
P = Wetted Perimeter
S = Bed Slope, measured over a long reach
n = Coefficient of rugosity (vide Table 5.1, SP-13, pg18)
Cross Section details at : 147m from PCL on Left side
Flow direction : Right to Left
Actual Modified Average
Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
549.900
1 0 549.900 549.900 549.900 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
2 11.282 549.900 549.304 549.304 0.596 0.298 11.282 3.362 0.298 11.286
3 18.304 549.900 549.089 549.089 0.811 0.704 7.022 4.94 0.406 7.034
4 19.831 549.900 548.874 548.874 1.026 0.919 1.527 1.4025 0.215 1.542
5 21.473 549.900 548.659 548.659 1.241 1.134 1.642 1.8612 0.215 1.656
6 23.315 549.900 548.444 548.444 1.456 1.349 1.842 2.4839 0.215 1.855
7 26.164 549.900 548.229 548.229 1.671 1.564 2.849 4.4544 0.215 2.857
8 33.351 549.900 549.715 549.715 0.185 0.928 7.187 6.6695 0.636 7.215
9 44.701 549.900 549.900 549.900 0.000 0.092 11.35 1.0499 0.836 11.381

0.880 26.224 44.825

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 26.2

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 44.825
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.59
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0130
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.451 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 38.058

552.000

550.000
R.L (m)

548.000

546.000
0 11.282 18.304 19.831 21.473 23.315 26.164 33.351 44.701

Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 153+571
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Min 546.922 0.359 10.065 17.871

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 10.1

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 17.871
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.56
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0130
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.415 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 14.24

550.000

548.000
R.L (m)

546.000

544.000
0.00 4.99 9.80 13.84 18.60 20.97 27.16 30.10
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 153+571

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
545.800
1 0.000 545.800 546.315 546.315 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 8.501 545.800 545.891 545.891 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 18.508 545.800 546.593 546.593 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 26.168 545.800 545.207 545.207 0.593 0.297 7.660 2.271 0.297 7.666
5 27.418 545.800 545.047 545.047 0.753 0.673 1.250 0.841 0.377 1.305
6 28.500 545.800 545.046 545.046 0.754 0.754 1.082 0.815 0.080 1.085
7 33.063 545.800 547.153 547.153 0.000 0.377 4.563 1.720 0.377 4.579
8 34.591 545.800 546.380 546.380 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.377 0.377
9 36.166 545.800 546.236 546.236 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
10 37.589 545.800 546.221 546.221 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
11 44.316 545.800 546.081 546.081 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
12 55.188 545.800 546.149 546.149 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Min 545.046 0.191 5.648 15.012

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 5.6

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 15.012
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.38
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0130
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.081 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 6.11

548.000

546.000
R.L (m)

544.000

542.000
0.000 8.501 18.508 26.168 27.418 28.500 33.063 34.591 36.166 37.589 44.316 55.188
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 153+571

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 50.69 Cumecs
Rational Method 88.58 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 19.47 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 88.58 Cumecs

Second Highest = 50.69 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 50.69 = 76.03 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 88.58 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 88.58

116.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 153+571

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 88.58 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 549.270 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 549.300 549.300 0.000
2 4.99 548.159 548.159 1.111 0.555 4.988 2.770 0.555 5.019
3 9.80 548.883 548.883 0.387 0.749 4.808 3.599 0.193 4.812
4 13.84 547.433 547.433 1.837 1.112 4.045 4.496 0.363 4.061
5 18.60 546.922 546.922 2.348 2.092 4.762 9.962 0.981 4.862
6 20.97 547.130 547.130 2.140 2.244 2.370 5.317 0.151 2.375
7 27.16 548.274 548.274 0.996 1.568 6.190 9.703 0.676 6.227
8 30.10 549.300 549.300 0.000 0.498 2.939 1.463 1.070 3.128

TOTAL 37.31 sqm 30.48

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 37.32 / 30.49 = 1.224 m

R2/3 = 1.22^0.667 = 1.144 m

1/2
S = 0.013^0.5 = 0.114
n = = 0.055
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.055*1.14*0.1141 = 2.37 m/sec
Q=A*V 37.31*2.37 = 89.0 cumecs > more than 88.58 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 549.300 m
Therefore, design discharge = 89.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 153+571

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 89.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 2.37 m/s
HFL = 549.300 m
Bed level = 546.922 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 2.38 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 2.37 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.29 m
Total head = 0.29 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 2.39 m/s
Linear water way required = 15.66 m
Proposed vent way (1 x 25 - 0 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 24.00 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 2.37 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 37.31 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 36.31 m2
Afflux = 0.02 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.90 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 550.220 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 153+571

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 155+895)
Minor Bridge at Km: 155+895

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 2.500 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 2.5 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 2.5
= 37.78 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 155+895

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 250

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.993

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 0.576 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 1.90

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 20.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 0.99 x 0.6 = 0.0211704

tc + 1 0.576 + 1

Q = 250 x 10.417 x 0.021 = 55.13 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 155+895

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 544.952
2 35.89 544.748
3 71.79 544.543
4 121.85 544.258
5 168.41 544.036
6 214.96 543.815 546.000
7 245.68 543.669 545.000
8 276.398 543.523
544.000
9 322.448 543.315
10 357.349 543.139 543.000
11 395.704 542.953 542.000
12 435.585 542.767 541.000
13 464.528 542.593
14 493.88 542.419
540.000
15 523.079 542.139 539.000
16 552.279 541.858 538.000
17 575.879 541.635
537.000
18 596.986 541.435
0.00 214.96 395.704 552.279 639.391
19 616.325 541.249
20 622.668 541.179
21 639.391 541.027 Bed slope = 0.0067
22 658.92 540.771
23 696.526 540.502
24 728.304 540.372
25 750.92 540.314
Minor Bridge at Km: 155+895

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Q = A x V
Where A = Cross Sectional Area
V = Velocity, calculated from Manning's formula
2/3 1/2
= 1xR xS
n
R = Hydraulic Mean depth = A/P
P = Wetted Perimeter
S = Bed Slope, measured over a long reach
n = Coefficient of rugosity (vide Table 5.1, SP-13, pg18)
Cross Section details at : 284m from PCL on Left side
Flow direction : Right to Left
Actual Modified Average
Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
545.700
1 0 545.700 545.964 545.964 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
2 7.405 545.700 545.980 545.980 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
3 15.026 545.700 546.087 546.087 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
4 22.441 545.700 546.739 546.739 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
5 27.629 545.700 544.484 544.484 1.216 0.608 5.188 3.1543 0.608 5.224
6 32.907 545.700 544.036 544.036 1.664 1.440 5.278 7.6003 0.832 5.343
7 38.113 545.700 544.367 544.367 1.333 1.499 5.206 7.8012 0.059 5.206
8 44.361 545.700 545.471 545.471 0.229 0.781 6.248 4.8797 0.718 6.289
9 51.636 545.700 545.259 545.259 0.441 0.335 7.275 2.4371 0.446 7.289
10 58.866 545.700 545.618 545.618 0.082 0.262 7.23 1.8906 0.074 7.230
11 67.714 545.700 545.673 545.673 0.027 0.055 8.848 0.4822 0.207 8.850

0.410 28.245 45.432

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 28.2

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 45.432
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.62
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0067
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.088 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 30.727

548.000

546.000
R.L (m)

544.000

542.000
0 7.405 15.026 22.441 27.629 32.907 38.113 44.361 51.636 58.866 67.714

Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 155+895
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
543.800
1 0.00 543.800 543.971 543.971 0.000
2 3.15 543.800 543.937 543.937 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 5.27 543.800 544.284 544.284 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 7.55 543.800 544.563 544.563 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
5 11.31 543.800 543.069 543.069 0.731 0.366 3.762 1.375 0.366 3.780
6 14.29 543.800 542.767 542.767 1.033 0.882 2.984 2.632 0.517 3.028
7 22.88 543.800 542.989 542.989 0.811 0.922 8.588 7.918 0.040 8.588
8 32.11 543.800 545.030 545.030 0.000 0.406 9.235 3.745 0.517 9.249
9 32.79 543.800 545.145 545.145 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.406 0.406
10 35.69 543.800 545.308 545.308 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
11 38.27 543.800 545.128 545.128 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
12 39.28 543.800 545.013 545.013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
13 41.07 543.800 544.245 544.245 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min 542.767 0.215 15.670 25.051

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 15.7

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 25.051
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.63
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0067
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.092 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 17.12

546.000

544.000
R.L (m)

542.000

540.000
0.00 3.15 5.27 7.55 11.31 14.29 22.88 32.11 32.79 35.69 38.27 39.28 41.07
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 155+895

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
542.400
1 0.000 542.400 542.601 542.601 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 5.831 542.400 542.514 542.514 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 13.085 542.400 542.170 542.170 0.230 0.115 7.254 0.834 0.115 7.255
4 20.340 542.400 541.826 541.826 0.574 0.402 7.255 2.917 0.287 7.261
5 29.752 542.400 542.262 542.262 0.138 0.356 9.412 3.351 0.046 9.412
6 36.331 542.400 541.274 541.274 1.126 0.632 6.579 4.158 0.276 6.585
7 39.637 542.400 540.771 540.771 1.629 1.378 3.306 4.554 0.745 3.389
8 48.981 542.400 541.908 541.908 0.492 1.060 9.344 9.909 0.317 9.349
9 55.274 542.400 542.229 542.229 0.171 0.331 6.293 2.086 0.729 6.335
10 61.046 542.400 542.227 542.227 0.173 0.172 5.772 0.993 0.159 5.774
11 66.778 542.400 542.400 542.400 0.000 0.087 5.732 0.496 0.085 5.733

Min 540.771 0.453 29.297 61.093

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 29.3

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 61.093
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.48
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0067
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.915 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 26.81

544.000

542.000
R.L (m)

540.000

538.000
0.000 5.831 13.085 20.340 29.752 36.331 39.637 48.981 55.274 61.046 66.778
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 155+895

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 37.78 Cumecs
Rational Method 55.13 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 24.88 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 55.13 Cumecs

Second Highest = 37.78 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 37.78 = 56.66 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 55.13 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 55.13

72.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 155+895

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 55.13 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 544.705 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 544.800 544.800 0.000
2 3.15 543.937 543.937 0.768 0.384 3.147 1.209 0.384 3.170
3 5.27 544.284 544.284 0.421 0.595 2.125 1.264 0.211 2.135
4 7.55 544.563 544.563 0.142 0.282 2.273 0.640 0.313 2.294
5 11.31 543.069 543.069 1.636 0.889 3.762 3.345 0.608 3.811
6 14.29 542.767 542.767 1.938 1.787 2.984 5.333 0.898 3.116
7 22.88 542.989 542.989 1.716 1.827 8.588 15.692 0.040 8.588
8 32.11 545.030 545.030 0.000 0.858 9.235 7.924 0.969 9.286
9 32.79 545.145 545.145 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.858 0.858
10 35.69 545.308 545.308 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
11 38.27 545.128 545.128 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
12 39.28 545.013 545.013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
13 41.07 544.800 544.800 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

TOTAL 35.41 sqm 33.26

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 35.41 / 33.26 = 1.065 m

R2/3 = 1.06^0.667 = 1.043 m

1/2
S = 0.0067^0.5 = 0.082
n = = 0.055
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.055*1.04*0.0821 = 1.56 m/sec
Q=A*V 35.41*1.56 = 56.0 cumecs > more than 55.13 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 544.800 m
Therefore, design discharge = 56.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 155+895

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 56.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 1.56 m/s
HFL = 544.800 m
Bed level = 542.767 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 2.03 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 1.55 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.12 m
Total head = 0.13 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 1.58 m/s
Linear water way required = 17.38 m
Proposed vent way (1 x 30 - 0 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 29.00 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 1.56 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 35.41 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 34.41 m2
Afflux = 0.01 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.90 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 545.710 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 155+895

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 156+869)
Minor Bridge at Km: 156+869

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 8.400 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 8.4 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 8.4
= 93.75 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 156+869

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 840

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.977

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 1.022 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 4.50

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 60.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 0.98 x 0.6 = 0.0162345

tc + 1 1.022 + 1

Q = 840 x 10.417 x 0.016 = 142.1 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 156+869

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 545.800
2 44.67 545.207
3 89.34 544.615
4 142.37 543.738
5 187.82 543.245
6 231.90 542.753 547.000
7 265.10 542.636 546.000
8 298.3 542.519 545.000
9 326.353 542.349
544.000
10 345.83 542.433
543.000
11 374.662 541.903
12 416.443 540.915 542.000
13 430.625 540.886 541.000
14 443.135 541.231 540.000
15 454.383 541.164 539.000
16 468.517 541.532 538.000
17 490.824 541.484
537.000
18 513.094 541.297
0.00 187.82 326.353 430.625 490.824 584.678
19 540.797 541.513
20 565.981 541.351
21 584.678 541.206 Bed slope = 0.0038
22 609.428 541.231
23 623.368 541.255
Minor Bridge at Km: 156+869

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Q = A x V
Where A = Cross Sectional Area
V = Velocity, calculated from Manning's formula
2/3 1/2
= 1xR xS
n
R = Hydraulic Mean depth = A/P
P = Wetted Perimeter
S = Bed Slope, measured over a long reach
n = Coefficient of rugosity (vide Table 5.1, SP-13, pg18)
Cross Section details at : 202m from PCL on Left side
Flow direction : Right to Left
Actual Modified Average
Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
547.520
1 0 547.520 547.450 547.450 0.070 0.035 0 0 0.035 0.000
2 9.148 547.520 547.402 547.402 0.118 0.094 9.148 0.8599 0.059 9.148
3 17.394 547.520 547.407 547.407 0.113 0.115 8.246 0.9524 0.022 8.246
4 28.956 547.520 548.009 548.009 0.000 0.056 11.562 0.6533 0.059 11.562
5 37.699 547.520 544.998 544.998 2.522 1.261 8.743 11.025 1.205 8.826
6 44.576 547.520 544.615 544.615 2.905 2.713 6.877 18.661 1.452 7.029
7 53.904 547.520 545.581 545.581 1.939 2.422 9.328 22.592 0.291 9.333
8 61.394 547.520 547.520 547.520 0.000 0.969 7.49 7.2616 1.452 7.630
9 68.777 547.520 547.310 547.310 0.210 0.105 7.383 0.7752 0.864 7.433
10 76.733 547.520 547.498 547.498 0.022 0.116 7.956 0.9229 0.011 7.956
11 84.603 547.520 548.365 548.365 0.000 0.011 7.87 0.0866 0.105 7.871

0.848 63.79 85.033

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 63.8

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 85.033
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.75
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0038
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.706 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.03
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 108.795

550.000

548.000
R.L (m)

546.000

544.000

542.000
0 9.148 17.394 28.956 37.699 44.576 53.904 61.394 68.777 76.733 84.603

Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 156+869
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Min 542.636 0.197 9.880 21.802

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 9.9

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 21.802
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.45
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0038
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.219 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.03
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 12.04

548.000

546.000
R.L (m)

544.000

542.000

540.000
0.00 7.07 12.96 19.90 26.15 30.34 34.63 35.45 36.78 38.57
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 156+869

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
543.100
1 0.000 543.100 544.912 544.912 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 11.248 543.100 544.837 544.837 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 20.924 543.100 545.064 545.064 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 27.045 543.100 542.076 542.076 1.024 0.512 6.121 3.134 0.512 6.142
5 33.353 543.100 541.164 541.164 1.936 1.480 6.308 9.336 0.968 6.382
6 41.346 543.100 542.378 542.378 0.722 1.329 7.993 10.623 0.151 7.994
7 49.128 543.100 544.037 544.037 0.000 0.361 7.782 2.809 0.968 7.842
8 58.473 543.100 543.828 543.828 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.361 0.361
9 66.036 543.100 543.547 543.547 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
10 71.592 543.100 543.602 543.602 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Min 541.164 0.409 25.902 28.722

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 25.9

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 28.722
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.90
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0038
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.928 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.03
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 49.94

546.000

544.000
R.L (m)

542.000

540.000

538.000
0.000 11.248 20.924 27.045 33.353 41.346 49.128 58.473 66.036 71.592
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 156+869

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 93.75 Cumecs
Rational Method 142.05 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 56.93 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 142.05 Cumecs

Second Highest = 93.75 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 93.75 = 140.62 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 142.05 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 142.05

185.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 156+869

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 142.05 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 546.190 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 546.200 546.200 0.000
2 7.07 545.996 545.996 0.194 0.097 7.071 0.687 0.097 7.072
3 12.96 545.818 545.818 0.372 0.283 5.891 1.669 0.186 5.894
4 19.90 543.137 543.137 3.053 1.713 6.942 11.891 1.430 7.088
5 26.15 542.636 542.636 3.554 3.304 6.245 20.633 1.591 6.444
6 30.34 543.555 543.555 2.635 3.095 4.193 12.977 0.209 4.198
7 34.63 546.037 546.037 0.153 1.394 4.283 5.972 1.701 4.608
8 35.45 545.026 545.026 1.164 0.659 0.823 0.542 0.736 1.104
9 36.78 546.183 546.183 0.007 0.586 1.331 0.780 0.073 1.333
10 38.57 546.200 546.200 0.000 0.004 1.791 0.007 0.582 1.883

TOTAL 55.16 sqm 39.62

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 55.16 / 39.63 = 1.392 m

R2/3 = 1.39^0.667 = 1.247 m

1/2
S = 0.0038^0.5 = 0.062
n = = 0.030
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.03*1.25*0.062 = 2.58 m/sec
Q=A*V 55.16*2.58 = 143.0 cumecs > more than 142.05 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 546.200 m
Therefore, design discharge = 143.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 156+869

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 143.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 2.58 m/s
HFL = 546.200 m
Bed level = 542.636 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 3.56 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 2.57 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.34 m
Total head = 0.34 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 2.59 m/s
Linear water way required = 15.49 m
Proposed vent way (1 x 20 - 0 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 19.00 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 2.58 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 55.16 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 54.16 m2
Afflux = 0.01 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.90 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 547.110 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 156+869

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 159+213)
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+213

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 0.800 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 0.8 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 0.8
= 16.07 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+213

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 80

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.998

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 0.123 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 0.50

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 20.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 1.00 x 0.6 = 0.0298463

tc + 1 0.123 + 1

Q = 80 x 10.417 x 0.030 = 24.87 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 159+213

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 554.830
2 20.68 554.688
3 44.53 554.534
4 70.11 554.371
5 101.70 554.172
6 149.03 553.879 556.000
7 169.78 553.738
8 184.49 553.681
555.000
9 197.445 553.603 554.000
10 214.459 553.485
11 225.622 553.408 553.000
12 238.072 553.319
552.000
13 256.325 553.204
14 310.481 552.961 551.000
15 346.592 552.799
16 348.844 552.795 550.000
17 354.26 552.769
549.000
18 380.549 552.653
0.00 149.03 225.622 348.844 509.018 617.894
19 428.404 552.412
20 475.341 552.237
21 509.018 552.09 Bed slope = 0.0049
22 543.469 551.933
23 545.876 551.931
24 574.666 551.805
25 598.868 551.702
26 617.894 551.698
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+213

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Q = A x V
Where A =Cross Sectional Area
V =Velocity, calculated from Manning's formula
2/3 1/2
=1xR xS
n
R = Hydraulic Mean depth = A/P
P = Wetted Perimeter
S = Bed Slope, measured over a long reach
n = Coefficient of rugosity (vide Table 5.1, SP-13, pg18)
Cross Section details at : 112m from PCL on Left side
Flow direction : Right to Left
Actual Modified Average
Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
554.600
1 0 554.600 555.042 555.042 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
2 2.841 554.600 555.210 555.210 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
3 5.078 554.600 555.395 555.395 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
4 7.315 554.600 553.772 553.772 0.828 0.414 2.237 0.9261 0.414 2.275
5 9.144 554.600 553.681 553.681 0.919 0.873 1.829 1.5976 0.459 1.886
6 11.147 554.600 553.765 553.765 0.835 0.877 2.003 1.7566 0.004 2.003
7 13.171 554.600 555.581 555.581 0.000 0.418 2.024 0.845 0.459 2.076
8 15.905 554.600 556.024 556.024 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.418 0.418
9 18.084 554.600 556.249 556.249 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000

0.433 5.1254 8.657

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 5.1

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 8.657
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.59
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0049
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.901 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 4.618

558.000

556.000
R.L (m)

554.000

552.000
0 2.841 5.078 7.315 9.144 11.147 13.171 15.905 18.084

Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+213
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Min 552.961 0.507 6.235 15.838

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 6.2

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 15.838
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.39
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0049
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.686 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 4.28

556.000
R.L (m)

554.000

552.000
0.00 2.00 5.65 6.90 7.96 9.29 10.55 13.14 15.64
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+213

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
553.400
1 0.000 553.400 553.400 553.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 1.871 553.400 552.969 552.969 0.431 0.215 1.871 0.403 0.215 1.883
3 4.367 553.400 552.923 552.923 0.477 0.454 2.496 1.133 0.238 2.507
4 7.180 553.400 552.511 552.511 0.889 0.683 2.813 1.921 0.229 2.822
5 9.657 553.400 552.412 552.412 0.988 0.938 2.477 2.325 0.255 2.490
6 12.240 553.400 552.497 552.497 0.903 0.945 2.583 2.442 0.007 2.583
7 15.085 553.400 552.925 552.925 0.475 0.689 2.845 1.960 0.256 2.857
8 17.739 553.400 552.943 552.943 0.457 0.466 2.654 1.237 0.223 2.663
9 20.678 553.400 553.400 553.400 0.000 0.228 2.939 0.672 0.238 2.949

Min 552.412 0.577 12.093 20.755

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 12.1

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 20.755
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.58
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0049
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.891 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 10.78

554.000
R.L (m)

552.000

550.000
0.000 1.871 4.367 7.180 9.657 12.240 15.085 17.739 20.678
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+213

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 16.07 Cumecs
Rational Method 24.87 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 6.56 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 24.87 Cumecs

Second Highest = 16.07 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 16.07 = 24.11 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 24.87 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 24.87

33.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+213

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 24.87 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 554.931 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 555.000 555.000 0.000
2 2.00 553.874 553.874 1.057 0.528 2.000 1.057 0.528 2.069
3 5.65 553.330 553.330 1.601 1.329 3.648 4.847 0.800 3.735
4 6.90 553.061 553.061 1.870 1.735 1.253 2.174 0.406 1.317
5 7.96 552.961 552.961 1.970 1.920 1.063 2.041 0.185 1.079
6 9.29 553.042 553.042 1.889 1.929 1.321 2.548 0.010 1.321
7 10.55 553.754 553.754 1.177 1.533 1.268 1.943 0.397 1.329
8 13.14 554.185 554.185 0.746 0.961 2.583 2.483 0.571 2.645
9 15.64 555.000 555.000 0.000 0.373 2.500 0.932 0.588 2.568

TOTAL 18.02 sqm 16.06

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 18.03 / 16.07 = 1.122 m

R2/3 = 1.12^0.667 = 1.080 m

1/2
S = 0.0049^0.5 = 0.070
n = = 0.055
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.055*1.08*0.0703 = 1.38 m/sec
Q=A*V 18.02*1.38 = 25.0 cumecs > more than 24.87 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 555.000 m
Therefore, design discharge = 25.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+213

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 25.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 1.38 m/s
HFL = 555.000 m
Bed level = 552.961 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 2.04 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 1.38 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.10 m
Total head = 0.10 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 1.41 m/s
Linear water way required = 8.69 m
Proposed vent way (1 x 10 - 0 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 9.00 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 1.38 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 18.02 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 17.02 m2
Afflux = 0.01 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.60 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 555.610 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 159+213

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 159+793)
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+793

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 0.500 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 0.5 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 0.5
= 11.30 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+793

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 50

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.999

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 0.372 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 1.30

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 20.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 1.00 x 0.6 = 0.0244609

tc + 1 0.372 + 1

Q = 50 x 10.417 x 0.024 = 12.74 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 159+793

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 553.157
2 4.98 553.157
3 10.00 552.791
4 15.00 552.553
5 20.00 551.881
6 25.00 551.698 553.500
7 30.00 551.772
8 35 551.662 553.000
9 40 552.308
10 45 552.594 552.500
11 50 552.657
12 55 552.22 552.000
13 60 552.003
14 65 551.941
551.500
15 70 552.044
551.000
16 75 552.119
17 80 552.255
550.500
18 85 552.133
0.00 20.00 40 60 80 100 120 140
19 90 552.113
20 95 552.291
21 100 552.482 Bed slope = 0.0050
22 105 552.573
23 110 552.357
24 115 552.311
25 120 552.28
26 125 552.261
27 130 552.285
28 135 552.275
29 140 552.287
30 145 552.35
31 150 552.414
32 155 552.388
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+793
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Min 551.920 0.551 8.260 15.176

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 8.3

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 15.176
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.54
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0050
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.853 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 7.05

554.000
R.L (m)

552.000

550.000
0.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+793

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 11.30 Cumecs
Rational Method 12.74 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 7.05 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 12.74 Cumecs

Second Highest = 11.30 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 11.30 = 16.95 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 12.74 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 12.74

17.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+793

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 12.74 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 553.327 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 553.400 553.400 0.000
2 2.50 552.034 552.034 1.293 0.646 2.500 1.616 0.646 2.582
3 5.00 551.920 551.920 1.407 1.350 2.500 3.374 0.703 2.597
4 7.50 552.119 552.119 1.208 1.307 2.500 3.268 0.043 2.500
5 10.00 552.737 552.737 0.590 0.899 2.500 2.247 0.409 2.533
6 12.50 553.097 553.097 0.230 0.410 2.500 1.024 0.489 2.547
7 15.00 553.400 553.400 0.000 0.115 2.500 0.287 0.295 2.517

TOTAL 11.82 sqm 15.28

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 11.82 / 15.28 = 0.773 m

R2/3 = 0.77^0.667 = 0.843 m

1/2
S = 0.005^0.5 = 0.070
n = = 0.055
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.055*0.84*0.0704 = 1.08 m/sec
Q=A*V 11.82*1.08 = 13.0 cumecs > more than 12.74 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 553.400 m
Therefore, design discharge = 13.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+793

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 13.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 1.08 m/s
HFL = 553.400 m
Bed level = 551.920 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 1.48 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 1.07 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.06 m
Total head = 0.06 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 1.12 m/s
Linear water way required = 7.85 m
Proposed vent way (1 x 10 - 0 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 9.00 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 1.08 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 11.82 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 10.82 m2
Afflux = 0.02 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.60 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 554.020 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 159+793

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 159+990)
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+990

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 1.200 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 1.2 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 1.2
= 21.78 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+990

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 120

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.997

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 0.243 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 0.90

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 20.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 1.00 x 0.6 = 0.0269402

tc + 1 0.243 + 1

Q = 120 x 10.417 x 0.027 = 33.68 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 159+990

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 556.888
2 5.00 556.607
3 10.00 556.366
4 15.00 556.187
5 20.00 556.092
6 25.00 556.088 557.500
7 30.00 555.995
8 35 555.924
557.000
9 40 555.588 556.500
10 47.071 555.331
11 52.071 555.63 556.000
12 57.071 556.049
555.500
13 62.071 556.372
14 67.071 556.588 555.000
15 72.071 556.518
16 77.071 556.306 554.500
17 82.071 556.11
554.000
18 87.071 556.119
0.00 30.00 62.071 92.071 127.071 157.071
19 92.071 556.168
20 97.071 556.307
21 102.071 556.259 Bed slope = 0.0098
22 107.071 556.588
23 117.071 556.264
24 122.071 556.083
25 127.071 555.875
26 132.071 555.676
27 137.071 555.517
28 142.071 555.369
29 147.071 555.28
30 152.071 555.196
31 157.071 555.18
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+990
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Min 555.412 0.422 7.814 12.785

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 7.8

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 12.785
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.61
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0098
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.297 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 10.13

558.000
R.L (m)

556.000

554.000
0.00 2.50 3.00 5.00 8.00 10.00 13.00 15.00 17.00
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+990

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 21.78 Cumecs
Rational Method 33.68 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 10.13 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 33.68 Cumecs

Second Highest = 21.78 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 21.78 = 32.68 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 33.68 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 33.68

44.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+990

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 33.68 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 557.271 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 557.300 557.300 0.000
2 2.50 557.315 557.315 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 3.00 556.003 556.003 1.268 0.634 0.500 0.317 0.634 0.807
4 5.00 555.604 555.604 1.667 1.467 2.000 2.935 0.833 2.167
5 8.00 555.412 555.412 1.859 1.763 3.000 5.288 0.296 3.015
6 10.00 555.801 555.801 1.470 1.664 2.000 3.329 0.099 2.002
7 13.00 556.306 556.306 0.965 1.217 3.000 3.652 0.447 3.033
8 15.00 557.379 557.379 0.000 0.482 2.000 0.965 0.735 2.131
9 17.00 557.690 557.690 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.482 0.482

TOTAL 16.49 sqm 13.64

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 16.49 / 13.64 = 1.209 m

R2/3 = 1.21^0.667 = 1.135 m

1/2
S = 0.0098^0.5 = 0.099
n = = 0.055
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.055*1.13*0.099 = 2.04 m/sec
Q=A*V 16.49*2.04 = 34.0 cumecs > more than 33.68 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 557.300 m
Therefore, design discharge = 34.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 159+990

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 34.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 2.04 m/s
HFL = 557.300 m
Bed level = 555.412 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 1.89 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 2.04 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.21 m
Total head = 0.22 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 2.06 m/s
Linear water way required = 8.74 m
Proposed vent way (1 x 10 - 0 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 9.00 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 2.04 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 16.49 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 15.49 m2
Afflux = 0.03 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.90 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 558.230 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 159+990

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 162+040)
Minor Bridge at Km: 162+040

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 16.100 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 16.1 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 16.1
= 152.71 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 162+040

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 1610

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.956

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 1.608 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 7.90

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 100.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 0.96 x 0.6 = 0.0123132

tc + 1 1.608 + 1

Q = 1610 x 10.417 x 0.012 = 206.5 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 162+040

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 549.594
2 49.39 549.457
3 98.77 549.319
4 126.38 549.243
5 153.94 549.167
6 196.63 548.969 550.000
7 234.62 548.876 549.500
8 270.211 548.782
9 319.853 548.792 549.000
10 338.933 548.755 548.500
11 373.393 548.23
12 412.781 548.244 548.000
13 447.818 548.101 547.500
14 472.23 548.024
547.000
15 496.642 547.946
16 528.62 547.906 546.500
17 566.218 547.866
546.000
18 597.988 547.709
0.00 153.94 319.853 447.818 566.218
19 636.323 547.551
20 681.224 547.394
Bed slope = 0.0033
Minor Bridge at Km: 162+040

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Q = A x V
Where A = Cross Sectional Area
V = Velocity, calculated from Manning's formula
2/3 1/2
= 1xR xS
n
R = Hydraulic Mean depth = A/P
P = Wetted Perimeter
S = Bed Slope, measured over a long reach
n = Coefficient of rugosity (vide Table 5.1, SP-13, pg18)
Cross Section details at : 169m from PCL on Left side
Flow direction : Right to Left
Actual Modified Average
Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
550.000
1 0 550.000 551.002 551.002 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
2 9.931 550.000 550.611 550.611 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
3 22.615 550.000 550.688 550.688 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
4 28.38 550.000 549.983 549.983 0.017 0.009 5.765 0.049 0.009 5.765
5 40.421 550.000 550.784 550.784 0.000 0.009 12.041 0.1023 0.000 12.041
6 44.138 550.000 549.059 549.059 0.941 0.471 3.717 1.7488 0.462 3.746
7 51.864 550.000 548.969 548.969 1.031 0.986 7.726 7.6178 0.515 7.743
8 60.847 550.000 548.708 548.708 1.292 1.161 8.983 10.434 0.176 8.985
9 70.337 550.000 550.881 550.881 0.000 0.646 9.49 6.1305 0.515 9.504
10 76.087 550.000 550.492 550.492 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.646 0.646
11 82.496 550.000 550.813 550.813 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000

0.098 26.082 48.429

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 26.1

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 48.429
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.54
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0033
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.692 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 18.037

552.000

550.000
R.L (m)

548.000

546.000
0 9.931 22.615 28.38 40.421 44.138 51.864 60.847 70.337 76.087 82.496

Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 162+040
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Min 548.357 0.263 17.428 27.067

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 17.4

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 27.067
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.64
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0033
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.779 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 13.58

550.000
R.L (m)

548.000

546.000
0.00 2.93 6.80 13.58 25.65 31.98 33.60 34.69 39.69
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 162+040

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
549.000
1 0.000 549.000 549.456 549.456 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 8.286 549.000 549.264 549.264 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 20.055 549.000 549.167 549.167 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 25.158 549.000 548.145 548.145 0.855 0.428 5.103 2.182 0.428 5.121
5 31.107 549.000 547.946 547.946 1.054 0.954 5.949 5.678 0.527 5.972
6 37.391 549.000 547.994 547.994 1.006 1.030 6.284 6.473 0.075 6.284
7 39.124 549.000 548.215 548.215 0.785 0.895 1.733 1.552 0.135 1.738
8 51.177 549.000 550.050 550.050 0.000 0.392 12.053 4.731 0.503 12.063
9 58.543 549.000 549.744 549.744 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.392 0.392

Min 547.946 0.462 20.615 31.572

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 20.6

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 31.572
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.65
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0033
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.786 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 16.21

552.000

550.000
R.L (m)

548.000

546.000
0.000 8.286 20.055 25.158 31.107 37.391 39.124 51.177 58.543
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 162+040

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 152.71 Cumecs
Rational Method 206.50 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 15.94 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 206.50 Cumecs

Second Highest = 152.71 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 152.71 = 229.07 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 206.50 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 206.50

269.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 162+040

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 206.50 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 551.949 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 552.000 552.000 0.000
2 2.93 549.818 549.818 2.131 1.065 2.926 3.118 1.065 3.114
3 6.80 549.791 549.791 2.158 2.144 3.875 8.310 1.079 4.022
4 13.58 548.357 548.357 3.592 2.875 6.780 19.492 0.731 6.819
5 25.65 548.755 548.755 3.194 3.393 12.066 40.939 0.518 12.077
6 31.98 548.981 548.981 2.968 3.081 6.336 19.521 0.312 6.344
7 33.60 549.463 549.463 2.486 2.727 1.612 4.396 0.354 1.650
8 34.69 549.489 549.489 2.460 2.473 1.099 2.718 0.254 1.128
9 39.69 552.000 552.000 0.000 1.230 5.000 6.150 1.243 5.152

TOTAL 104.64 sqm 40.31

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 104.65 / 40.31 = 2.596 m

R2/3 = 2.6^0.667 = 1.889 m

1/2
S = 0.0033^0.5 = 0.057
n = = 0.055
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.055*1.89*0.0575 = 1.97 m/sec
Q=A*V 104.64*1.97 = 207.0 cumecs > more than 206.50 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 552.000 m
Therefore, design discharge = 207.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 162+040

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 207.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 1.97 m/s
HFL = 552.000 m
Bed level = 548.357 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 3.64 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 1.97 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.20 m
Total head = 0.20 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 2.00 m/s
Linear water way required = 28.48 m
Proposed vent way (1 x 35 - 0 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 34.00 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 1.97 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 104.64 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 103.64 m2
Afflux = 0.00 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.90 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 552.900 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 162+040

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MAJOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 164+480)
Major Bridge at Km: 164+480

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 140.000 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 140.0 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 140.0
= 773.30 cumec
Major Bridge at Km: 164+480

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 14000

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.695

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 4.650 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 24.10

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 180.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 0.70 x 0.6 = 0.004133

tc + 1 4.650 + 1

Q = 14000 x 10.417 x 0.004 = 602.7 cumec

Major Bridge at Km: 164+480

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 540.035
2 48.92 540.362
3 83.73 540.274
4 128.00 540.166
5 168.24 540.059
6 187.97 540.667 542.000
7 233.16 540.676
8 267.518 540.685 541.500
9 313.268 541.156
10 341.073 541.147 541.000
11 368.879 541.138
12 394.304 541.062 540.500
13 433.53 541.11
14 470.287 541.326
540.000
15 503.393 541.393
539.500
16 536.499 541.459
17 575.433 541.529
539.000
18 614.367 541.599
0.00 168.24 313.268 433.53 575.433
19 651.849 541.616
20 689.33 541.633
Bed slope = 0.0028
Major Bridge at Km: 164+480

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Q = A x V
Where A =Cross Sectional Area
V =Velocity, calculated from Manning's formula
2/3 1/2
=1xR xS
n
R = Hydraulic Mean depth = A/P
P = Wetted Perimeter
S = Bed Slope, measured over a long reach
n = Coefficient of rugosity (vide Table 5.1, SP-13, pg18)
Cross Section details at : 140m from PCL on Left side
Flow direction : Right to Left
Actual Modified Average
Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
542.100
1 0 542.100 541.977 541.977 0.123 0.062 0 0 0.062 0.000
2 7.582 542.100 541.786 541.786 0.314 0.219 7.582 1.6567 0.157 7.584
3 11.244 542.100 542.698 542.698 0.000 0.157 3.662 0.5749 0.062 3.663
4 14.492 542.100 541.869 541.869 0.231 0.115 3.248 0.3751 0.042 3.248
5 29.893 542.100 541.393 541.393 0.707 0.469 15.401 7.2231 0.353 15.405
6 50.356 542.100 541.724 541.724 0.376 0.541 20.463 11.081 0.072 20.463
7 57.885 542.100 542.450 542.450 0.000 0.188 7.529 1.4155 0.353 7.537
8 67.325 542.100 542.613 542.613 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.188 0.188
9 78.858 542.100 542.626 542.626 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000

0.300 22.326 58.088

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 22.3

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 58.088
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.38
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0028
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.506 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 11.292

544.000
R.L (m)

542.000

540.000
0 7.582 11.244 14.492 29.893 50.356 57.885 67.325 78.858

Chainage(m)
Major Bridge at Km: 164+480
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
541.800
1 0.00 541.800 541.765 541.765 0.035
2 1.91 541.800 542.095 542.095 0.000 0.018 1.912 0.033 0.018 1.912
3 4.95 541.800 542.823 542.823 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.018 0.018
4 7.16 541.800 541.673 541.673 0.127 0.064 2.212 0.140 0.064 2.213
5 9.23 541.800 540.708 540.708 1.092 0.610 2.069 1.261 0.546 2.140
6 25.19 541.800 541.062 541.062 0.738 0.915 15.966 14.609 0.305 15.969
7 42.93 541.800 541.028 541.028 0.772 0.755 17.738 13.392 0.160 17.739
8 50.62 541.800 541.237 541.237 0.563 0.668 7.688 5.132 0.087 7.688
9 55.56 541.800 542.604 542.604 0.000 0.282 4.945 1.392 0.386 4.960
10 58.15 541.800 542.513 542.513 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.282 0.282
11 63.15 541.800 542.489 542.489 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Min 540.708 0.331 35.960 52.920

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 36.0

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 52.920
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.68
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0028
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.740 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 26.59

544.000

542.000
R.L (m)

540.000

538.000
0.00 1.91 4.95 7.16 9.23 25.19 42.93 50.62 55.56 58.15 63.15
Chainage(m)
Major Bridge at Km: 164+480

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
541.400
1 0.000 541.400 541.431 541.431 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 15.203 541.400 541.484 541.484 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 22.814 541.400 541.509 541.509 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 28.230 541.400 540.735 540.735 0.665 0.332 5.416 1.801 0.332 5.426
5 40.977 541.400 540.676 540.676 0.724 0.694 12.747 8.853 0.362 12.752
6 61.331 541.400 539.970 539.970 1.430 1.077 20.354 21.921 0.382 20.358
7 71.075 541.400 542.833 542.833 0.000 0.715 9.744 6.967 0.362 9.751
8 74.870 541.400 542.313 542.313 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.715 0.715
9 81.704 541.400 542.353 542.353 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Min 539.970 0.352 39.542 49.002

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 39.5

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 49.002
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.81
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0028
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.829 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 32.79

544.000

542.000
R.L (m)

540.000

538.000
0.000 15.203 22.814 28.230 40.977 61.331 71.075 74.870 81.704
Chainage(m)
Major Bridge at Km: 164+480

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 773.30 Cumecs
Rational Method 602.73 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 23.56 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 773.30 Cumecs

Second Highest = 602.73 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 602.73 = 904.09 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 773.30 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 773.30

1006.00 Cumecs
Major Bridge at Km: 164+480

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 773.30 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 546.300 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 546.400 546.400 0.000
2 1.91 542.095 542.095 4.205 2.103 1.912 4.020 2.103 2.842
3 4.95 542.823 542.823 3.477 3.841 3.033 11.650 1.739 3.496
4 7.16 541.673 541.673 4.627 4.052 2.212 8.963 0.211 2.222
5 9.23 540.708 540.708 5.592 5.110 2.069 10.572 1.058 2.324
6 25.19 541.062 541.062 5.238 5.415 15.966 86.459 0.305 15.969
7 42.93 541.028 541.028 5.272 5.255 17.738 93.216 0.160 17.739
8 50.62 541.237 541.237 5.063 5.168 7.688 39.729 0.087 7.688
9 55.56 542.604 542.604 3.696 4.380 4.945 21.658 0.788 5.007
10 58.15 542.513 542.513 3.787 3.742 2.588 9.683 0.638 2.665
11 63.15 546.400 546.400 0.000 1.894 5.000 9.468 1.848 5.331

TOTAL 295.42 sqm 65.28

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 295.42 / 65.29 = 4.525 m

R2/3 = 4.53^0.667 = 2.736 m

1/2
S = 0.0028^0.5 = 0.053
n = = 0.055
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.055*2.74*0.0526 = 2.62 m/sec
Q=A*V 295.42*2.62 = 774.0 cumecs > more than 773.30 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 546.400 m
Therefore, design discharge = 774.00 cumecs ok
Major Bridge at Km: 164+480

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 774.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 2.62 m/s
HFL = 546.400 m
Bed level = 540.708 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 5.69 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 2.62 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.35 m
Total head = 0.35 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 2.63 m/s
Linear water way required = 51.62 m
Proposed vent way (3 x 20 - 2 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 58.00 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 2.62 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 295.42 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 294.42 m2
Afflux = 0.00 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 1.20 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 547.600 m

Major Bridge at Km: 164+480

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 164+830)
Minor Bridge at Km: 164+830

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 3.900 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 3.9 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 3.9
= 52.73 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 164+830

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 390

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.989

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 0.764 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 3.50

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 60.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 0.99 x 0.6 = 0.0188389

tc + 1 0.764 + 1

Q = 390 x 10.417 x 0.019 = 76.53 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 164+830

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 540.035
2 48.92 540.362
3 77.47 540.395
4 115.62 540.439
5 163.28 540.496
6 198.20 540.666 545.000
7 233.12 540.836 544.000
8 266.128 540.972
9 299.138 541.107 543.000
10 337.576 541.211 542.000
11 364.989 541.368
12 385.188 541.316 541.000
13 419.47 541.42 540.000
14 453.254 541.58
539.000
15 487.038 541.74
16 500.984 541.657 538.000
17 524.288 542.04
537.000
18 562.708 542.728
0.00 198.20 364.989 500.984 675.025 863.139
19 603.815 542.612
20 643.789 542.834
21 675.025 542.792 Bed slope = 0.0045
22 702.126 542.75
23 735.844 543.241
24 769.561 543.731
25 816.35 543.924
26 863.139 544.116
Minor Bridge at Km: 164+830

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Q = A x V
Where A =Cross Sectional Area
V =Velocity, calculated from Manning's formula
2/3 1/2
=1xR xS
n
R = Hydraulic Mean depth = A/P
P = Wetted Perimeter
S = Bed Slope, measured over a long reach
n = Coefficient of rugosity (vide Table 5.1, SP-13, pg18)
Cross Section details at : 170m from PCL on Left side
Flow direction : Right to Left
Actual Modified Average
Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
544.000
1 0 544.000 545.078 545.078 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
2 7.326 544.000 545.125 545.125 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
3 11.387 544.000 545.460 545.460 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
4 16.806 544.000 543.475 543.475 0.525 0.262 5.419 1.4225 0.262 5.425
5 21.728 544.000 543.241 543.241 0.759 0.642 4.922 3.1599 0.380 4.937
6 26.685 544.000 544.146 544.146 0.000 0.380 4.957 1.8812 0.262 4.964
7 30.784 544.000 545.585 545.585 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.380 0.380
8 36.687 544.000 545.125 545.125 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
9 43.752 544.000 545.000 545.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000

0.257 6.4636 15.705

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 6.5

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 15.705
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.41
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0045
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.673 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 4.353

546.000
R.L (m)

544.000

542.000
0 7.326 11.387 16.806 21.728 26.685 30.784 36.687 43.752

Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 164+830
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Min 542.171 0.227 11.648 23.186

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 11.6

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 23.186
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.50
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0045
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.769 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 8.96

546.000

544.000
R.L (m)

542.000

540.000
0.00 3.82 8.29 13.63 20.84 25.32 29.40 31.41 34.42 37.02
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 164+830

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
542.200
1 0.000 542.200 542.952 542.952 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 7.767 542.200 542.962 542.962 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 12.148 542.200 543.550 543.550 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 17.197 542.200 541.232 541.232 0.968 0.484 5.049 2.444 0.484 5.072
5 21.439 542.200 541.211 541.211 0.989 0.979 4.242 4.151 0.495 4.271
6 26.403 542.200 541.527 541.527 0.673 0.831 4.964 4.125 0.148 4.966
7 30.916 542.200 543.110 543.110 0.000 0.337 4.513 1.519 0.495 4.540
8 36.531 542.200 542.761 542.761 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.337 0.337
9 44.292 542.200 542.818 542.818 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Min 541.211 0.329 12.238 19.186

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 12.2

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 19.186
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.64
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0045
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.902 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 11.04

544.000
R.L (m)

542.000

540.000
0.000 7.767 12.148 17.197 21.439 26.403 30.916 36.531 44.292
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 164+830

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 52.73 Cumecs
Rational Method 76.53 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 8.12 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 76.53 Cumecs

Second Highest = 52.73 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 52.73 = 79.09 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 76.53 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 76.53

100.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 164+830

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 76.53 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 544.861 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 544.900 544.900 0.000
2 3.82 544.200 544.200 0.661 0.331 3.818 1.263 0.331 3.832
3 8.29 544.548 544.548 0.313 0.487 4.476 2.182 0.157 4.479
4 13.63 542.171 542.171 2.690 1.502 5.336 8.014 1.015 5.432
5 20.84 542.653 542.653 2.208 2.449 7.208 17.656 0.947 7.270
6 25.32 542.746 542.746 2.115 2.162 4.486 9.698 0.287 4.495
7 29.40 543.183 543.183 1.678 1.897 4.080 7.739 0.265 4.089
8 31.41 545.152 545.152 0.000 0.839 2.007 1.684 1.058 2.269
9 34.42 543.831 543.831 1.030 0.515 3.004 1.548 0.324 3.021
10 37.02 544.900 544.900 0.000 0.515 2.601 1.340 0.000 2.601

TOTAL 51.12 sqm 37.49

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 51.13 / 37.49 = 1.364 m

R2/3 = 1.36^0.667 = 1.230 m

1/2
S = 0.0045^0.5 = 0.067
n = = 0.055
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.055*1.23*0.0669 = 1.50 m/sec
Q=A*V 51.12*1.5 = 77.0 cumecs > more than 76.53 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 544.900 m
Therefore, design discharge = 77.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 164+830

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 77.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 1.50 m/s
HFL = 544.900 m
Bed level = 542.171 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 2.73 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 1.49 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.11 m
Total head = 0.12 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 1.53 m/s
Linear water way required = 18.48 m
Proposed vent way (2 x 10 - 1 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 18.50 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 1.50 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 51.12 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 50.12 m2
Afflux = 0.01 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.90 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 545.810 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 164+830

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 169+758)
Minor Bridge at Km: 169+758

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 15.050 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 15.1 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 15.1
= 145.18 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 169+758

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 1505

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.959

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 1.103 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 4.20

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 40.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 0.96 x 0.6 = 0.0153159

tc + 1 1.103 + 1

Q = 1505 x 10.417 x 0.015 = 240.1 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 169+758

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0 547.836
2 33.321 547.486
3 63.336 547.32
4 105.073 547.16
5 139.075 547.04
6 173.349 546.876 549
7 207.062 546.584
8 241.493 546.284 548
9 267.208 545.9
10 292.259 545.894 547
11 317.262 545.719
12 332.471 545.613 546
13 366.471 545.466
14 400.489 545.33
545
15 434.493 545.23
544
16 468.555 545.19
17 502.65 544.99
543
18 536.659 544.69
0 105.073 207.062 292.259 366.471 468.555

Bed slope = 0.0060

Minor Bridge at Km: 169+758

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

0.950 60.748 60.995

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 60.7

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 60.995
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 1.00
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0060
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.544 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.05
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 93.774

550.000
R.L (m)

548.000

546.000
0 14.255 31.935 48.955 60.95

Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 169+758
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Min 545.900 0.532 40.763 55.547

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 40.8

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 55.547
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.73
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0060
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.259 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.05
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 51.33

548.000
R.L (m)

546.000

544.000
0.00 6.63 22.59 43.16 55.13 69.28
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 169+758

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
546.400
1 0.000 546.400 546.400 546.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 10.508 546.400 545.290 545.290 1.110 0.555 10.508 5.832 0.555 10.523
3 34.956 546.400 545.190 545.190 1.210 1.160 24.448 28.360 0.605 24.455
4 57.408 546.400 545.267 545.267 1.133 1.171 22.452 26.303 0.011 22.452
5 67.008 546.400 546.400 546.400 0.000 0.566 9.600 5.438 0.605 9.619

Min 545.190 0.863 65.933 67.049

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 65.9

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 67.049
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.98
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0060
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.531 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.05
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 100.92

548.000
R.L (m)

546.000

544.000
0.000 10.508 34.956 57.408 67.008
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 169+758

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 145.18 Cumecs
Rational Method 240.11 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 82.01 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 240.11 Cumecs

Second Highest = 145.18 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 145.18 = 217.77 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 240.11 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 240.11

313.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 169+758

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 240.11 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 548.131 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 548.200 548.200 0.000
2 6.63 546.000 546.000 2.131 1.065 6.632 7.065 1.065 6.717
3 22.59 545.900 545.900 2.231 2.181 15.954 34.790 1.115 15.993
4 43.16 546.142 546.142 1.989 2.110 20.574 43.404 0.071 20.574
5 55.13 546.958 546.958 1.173 1.581 11.974 18.927 0.529 11.986
6 69.28 548.200 548.200 0.000 0.586 14.142 8.292 0.994 14.177

TOTAL 112.48 sqm 69.45

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 112.48 / 69.45 = 1.620 m

R2/3 = 1.62^0.667 = 1.379 m

1/2
S = 0.006^0.5 = 0.077
n = = 0.050
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.05*1.38*0.0774 = 2.13 m/sec
Q=A*V 112.48*2.13 = 241.0 cumecs > more than 240.11 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 548.200 m
Therefore, design discharge = 241.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 169+758

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 241.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 2.13 m/s
HFL = 548.200 m
Bed level = 545.900 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 2.30 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 2.13 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.23 m
Total head = 0.24 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 2.15 m/s
Linear water way required = 48.67 m
Proposed vent way (3 x 20 - 2 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 58.00 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 2.13 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 112.48 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 111.48 m2
Afflux = 0.00 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.90 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 549.100 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 169+758

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 171+655)
Minor Bridge at Km: 171+655

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 2.100 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 2.1 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 2.1
= 33.15 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 171+655

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 210

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.994

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 0.336 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 1.50

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 40.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 0.99 x 0.6 = 0.0250078

tc + 1 0.336 + 1

Q = 210 x 10.417 x 0.025 = 54.7 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 171+655

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 552.283
2 16.41 551.216
3 34.00 551.157
4 69.43 551.039
5 94.45 550.956
6 119.45 550.645 553.000
7 140.90 550.416 552.500
8 163.405 550.18 552.000
9 176.731 550.041 551.500
10 210.286 549.643 551.000
11 235.163 549.352 550.500
550.000
549.500
549.000
548.500
548.000
547.500
0.00 34.00 94.45 140.90 176.731 235.163

Bed slope = 0.0143

Minor Bridge at Km: 171+655
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
553.200
1 0.00 553.200 553.270 553.270 0.000
2 3.28 553.200 551.267 551.267 1.933 0.966 3.284 3.174 0.966 3.423
3 4.76 553.200 551.157 551.157 2.043 1.988 1.471 2.924 1.022 1.791
4 6.67 553.200 551.270 551.270 1.930 1.987 1.915 3.804 0.001 1.915
5 9.85 553.200 553.270 553.270 0.000 0.965 3.182 3.071 1.022 3.342

Min 551.157 1.477 12.973 10.471

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 13.0

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 10.471
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 1.24
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0143
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 2.505 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 32.49

554.000
R.L (m)

552.000

550.000
0.00 3.28 4.76 6.67 9.85
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 171+655

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 33.15 Cumecs
Rational Method 54.70 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 32.49 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 54.70 Cumecs

Second Highest = 33.15 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 33.15 = 49.72 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 54.70 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 54.70

72.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 171+655

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 54.70 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 553.970 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 554.000 554.000 0.000
2 3.28 551.267 551.267 2.703 1.352 3.284 4.439 1.352 3.551
3 4.76 551.157 551.157 2.813 2.758 1.471 4.058 1.407 2.035
4 6.67 551.270 551.270 2.700 2.757 1.915 5.280 0.001 1.915
5 9.85 554.000 554.000 0.000 1.350 3.182 4.296 1.407 3.479

TOTAL 18.07 sqm 10.98

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 18.08 / 10.99 = 1.646 m

R2/3 = 1.65^0.667 = 1.394 m

1/2
S = 0.0143^0.5 = 0.119
n = = 0.055
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.055*1.39*0.1194 = 3.03 m/sec
Q=A*V 18.07*3.03 = 55.0 cumecs > more than 54.70 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 554.000 m
Therefore, design discharge = 55.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 171+655

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 55.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 3.03 m/s
HFL = 554.000 m
Bed level = 551.157 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 2.84 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 3.02 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.47 m
Total head = 0.47 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 3.04 m/s
Linear water way required = 6.37 m
Proposed vent way (1 x 7.5 - 0 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 6.50 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 3.03 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 18.07 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 17.07 m2
Afflux = 0.06 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.90 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 554.960 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 171+655

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 175+620)
Minor Bridge at Km: 175+620

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 6.000 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 6.0 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 6.0
= 72.84 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 175+620

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 600

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.984

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 1.133 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 4.30

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 40.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 0.98 x 0.6 = 0.0154897

tc + 1 1.133 + 1

Q = 600 x 10.417 x 0.015 = 96.81 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 175+620

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 539.864
2 25.39 537.907
3 58.88 538.438
4 93.15 538.558
5 117.44 538.995
6 139.83 538.939 541.000
7 190.87 538.764
540.000
8 206.436 536.004
9 210.475 535.838 539.000
10 245.73 535.714 538.000
11 247.133 535.699
12 290.906 536.33 537.000
13 303.926 536.339 536.000
14 321.507 536.227
535.000
15 331.358 536.663
16 354.542 536.596 534.000
17 407.408 536.374
533.000
0.00 93.15 190.87 245.73 303.926 354.542

Bed slope = 0.0145

Minor Bridge at Km: 175+620
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Min 535.699 0.427 11.257 23.433

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 11.3

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 23.433
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.48
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0145
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.344 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 15.13

538.000
R.L (m)

536.000

534.000
0.00 4.68 11.23 14.18 18.54 19.94 24.48 27.80 32.44
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 175+620

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 72.84 Cumecs
Rational Method 96.81 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 15.13 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 96.81 Cumecs

Second Highest = 72.84 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 72.84 = 109.26 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 96.81 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 96.81

126.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 175+620

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 96.81 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 537.809 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 537.900 537.900 0.000
2 4.68 537.110 537.110 0.699 0.350 4.675 1.634 0.350 4.688
3 11.23 536.595 536.595 1.214 0.957 6.555 6.271 0.607 6.583
4 14.18 535.775 535.775 2.034 1.624 2.954 4.798 0.668 3.028
5 18.54 535.699 535.699 2.110 2.072 4.357 9.028 0.448 4.380
6 19.94 535.714 535.714 2.095 2.103 1.402 2.948 0.030 1.402
7 24.48 536.301 536.301 1.508 1.802 4.533 8.167 0.301 4.543
8 27.80 536.851 536.851 0.958 1.233 3.327 4.103 0.568 3.375
9 32.44 537.900 537.900 0.000 0.479 4.641 2.223 0.754 4.702

TOTAL 39.17 sqm 32.70

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 39.18 / 32.71 = 1.198 m

R2/3 = 1.2^0.667 = 1.128 m

1/2
S = 0.0145^0.5 = 0.121
n = = 0.055
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.055*1.13*0.1205 = 2.47 m/sec
Q=A*V 39.17*2.47 = 97.0 cumecs > more than 96.81 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 537.900 m
Therefore, design discharge = 97.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 175+620

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 97.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 2.47 m/s
HFL = 537.900 m
Bed level = 535.699 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 2.20 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 2.47 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.31 m
Total head = 0.31 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 2.49 m/s
Linear water way required = 17.73 m
Proposed vent way (2 x 10 - 1 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 18.50 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 2.47 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 39.17 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 38.17 m2
Afflux = 0.02 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.90 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 538.820 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 175+620

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MAJOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 176+285)
Major Bridge at Km: 176+285

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 336.050 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 336.1 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 336.1
= 1491.27 cumec
Major Bridge at Km: 176+285

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 33605

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.621

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 7.345 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 35.80

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 180.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 0.62 x 0.6 = 0.0025021

tc + 1 7.345 + 1

Q = 33605 x 10.417 x 0.003 = 875.8 cumec

Major Bridge at Km: 176+285

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 533.851
2 46.38 533.571
3 80.42 533.448
4 94.58 533.619
5 138.38 532.919
6 191.83 532.824 534.500
7 256.95 532.349
8 307.519 532.259
534.000
9 378.653 532.218 533.500

533.000

532.500

532.000

531.500

531.000
0.00 80.42 138.38 256.95 378.653

Bed slope = 0.0031

Major Bridge at Km: 176+285

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

0.277 11.921 43.038

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 11.9

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 43.038
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.28
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0031
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.475 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.05
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 5.662

536.000
R.L (m)

534.000

532.000
0 22.205 43.036

Chainage(m)
Major Bridge at Km: 176+285
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
533.900
1 0.00 533.900 533.831 533.831 0.069
2 17.86 533.900 532.831 532.831 1.069 0.569 17.864 10.165 0.569 17.873
3 49.47 533.900 532.919 532.919 0.981 1.025 31.603 32.393 0.456 31.606
4 84.87 533.900 532.889 532.889 1.011 0.996 35.403 35.261 0.029 35.403
5 118.01 533.900 533.831 533.831 0.069 0.540 33.138 17.895 0.456 33.141

Min 532.831 0.782 95.714 118.023

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 95.7

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 118.023
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.81
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0031
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.972 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.05
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 93.04

534.000
R.L (m)

532.000
0.00 17.86 49.47 84.87 118.01
Chainage(m)
Major Bridge at Km: 176+285

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
533.200
1 0.000 533.200 533.200 533.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 37.325 533.200 532.259 532.259 0.941 0.471 37.325 17.561 0.471 37.328
3 65.558 533.200 532.553 532.553 0.647 0.794 28.233 22.417 0.324 28.235
4 80.038 533.200 532.940 532.940 0.260 0.454 14.480 6.567 0.341 14.484
5 80.058 533.200 533.200 533.200 0.000 0.130 0.020 0.003 0.324 0.324

Min 532.259 0.462 46.548 80.371

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 46.5

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 80.371
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.58
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0031
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.777 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.05
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 36.15

534.000
R.L (m)

532.000

530.000
0.000 37.325 65.558 80.038 80.058
Chainage(m)
Major Bridge at Km: 176+285

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 1491.27 Cumecs
Rational Method 875.85 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 44.95 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 1491.27 Cumecs

Second Highest = 875.85 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 875.85 = 1313.77 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 1491.27 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 1491.27

1939.00 Cumecs
Major Bridge at Km: 176+285

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 1491.27 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 538.359 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 538.400 538.400 0.000
2 17.86 532.831 532.831 5.528 2.764 17.864 49.376 2.764 18.077
3 49.47 532.919 532.919 5.440 5.484 31.603 173.309 2.720 31.720
4 84.87 532.889 532.889 5.470 5.455 35.403 193.122 0.029 35.403
5 118.01 538.400 538.400 0.000 2.735 33.138 90.632 2.720 33.249

TOTAL 506.44 sqm 118.45

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 506.44 / 118.45 = 4.276 m

R2/3 = 4.28^0.667 = 2.634 m

1/2
S = 0.0031^0.5 = 0.056
n = = 0.050
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.05*2.63*0.0559 = 2.94 m/sec
Q=A*V 506.44*2.94 = 1492.0 cumecs > more than 1491.27 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 538.400 m
Therefore, design discharge = 1492.00 cumecs ok
Major Bridge at Km: 176+285

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 1492.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 2.94 m/s
HFL = 538.400 m
Bed level = 532.831 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 5.57 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 2.94 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.44 m
Total head = 0.45 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 2.96 m/s
Linear water way required = 90.55 m
Proposed vent way (5 x 25 - 4 x 1.5 - 2 x 1.5) = 116.00 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 2.94 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 506.44 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 503.44 m2
Afflux = 0.01 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 1.20 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 539.610 m

Major Bridge at Km: 176+285

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 178+885)
Minor Bridge at Km: 178+885

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 0.850 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 0.9 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 0.9
= 16.82 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 178+885

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 85

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.998

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 0.167 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 0.65

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 20.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 1.00 x 0.6 = 0.0287262

tc + 1 0.167 + 1

Q = 85 x 10.417 x 0.029 = 25.43 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 178+885

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0.00 561.108
2 0.73 560.902
3 6.68 559.129
4 15.63 558.907
5 20.72 558.633
6 27.10 558.016 562.000
7 35.57 559.468
8 56.599 558.207 561.000
9 57.653 558.483
10 66.32 558.421 560.000
11 75.751 558.892
12 88.695 557.951 559.000
13 98.172 559.38
14 109.041 557.908
558.000

557.000

556.000
0.00 15.63 35.57 66.32 98.172

Bed slope = 0.0305

Minor Bridge at Km: 178+885
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Min 555.546 0.351 14.451 27.432

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 14.5

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 27.432
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.53
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0305
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 2.072 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.055
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 29.94

562.000

560.000
R.L (m)

558.000

556.000

554.000

552.000
0.00 9.16 21.74 36.58
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 178+885

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 16.82 Cumecs
Rational Method 25.43 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 29.94 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 29.94 Cumecs

Second Highest = 25.43 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 25.43 = 38.15 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 29.94 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 29.94

39.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 178+885

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 29.94 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 556.600 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 559.976 559.976 0.000
2 9.16 559.060 559.060 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 21.74 555.546 555.546 1.054 0.527 12.582 6.631 0.527 12.593
4 36.58 559.468 559.468 0.000 0.527 14.839 7.821 0.000 14.839

TOTAL 14.45 sqm 27.43

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 14.46 / 27.44 = 0.527 m

R2/3 = 0.53^0.667 = 0.652 m

1/2
S = 0.0305^0.5 = 0.175
n = = 0.055
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.055*0.65*0.1747 = 2.07 m/sec
Q=A*V 14.45*2.07 = 30.0 cumecs > more than 29.94 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 556.700 m
Therefore, design discharge = 30.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 178+885

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 30.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 2.07 m/s
HFL = 556.700 m
Bed level = 555.546 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 1.15 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 2.06 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.22 m
Total head = 0.22 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 2.09 m/s
Linear water way required = 12.46 m
Proposed vent way (1 x 15 - 0 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 14.00 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 2.07 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 14.45 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 13.45 m2
Afflux = 0.04 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.60 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 557.340 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 178+885

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MINOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 180+639)
Minor Bridge at Km: 180+639

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 0.700 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 0.7 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 0.7
= 14.54 cumec
Minor Bridge at Km: 180+639

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 70

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.998

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 0.182 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 0.70

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 20.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 1.00 x 0.6 = 0.0283753

tc + 1 0.182 + 1

Q = 70 x 10.417 x 0.028 = 20.69 cumec

Minor Bridge at Km: 180+639

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0 550.356
2 17.581 550.356
3 24.828 549.816
4 32.77 549.217
5 38.121 548.735
6 42.473 548.555 551
7 50.683 549.441 550.5
8 79.684 548.152
550
9 85.428 548.417
10 92.002 548.287 549.5
11 98.12 548.216 549
12 103.306 548.384 548.5
13 117.715 548.724
14 130.008 548.849
548
15 163.379 548.467 547.5
547
546.5
0 32.77 50.683 92.002 117.715

Bed slope = 0.0106

Minor Bridge at Km: 180+639

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

0.162 7.9053 54.958

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 7.9

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 54.958
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.14
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0106
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.565 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.05
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 4.469

550.000
R.L (m)

548.000
0 26.212 35.799 54.957

Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 180+639
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
549.000
1 0.00 549.000 548.997 548.997 0.003
2 1.54 549.000 548.487 548.487 0.513 0.258 1.536 0.396 0.258 1.558
3 5.26 549.000 547.962 547.962 1.038 0.776 3.728 2.891 0.517 3.764
4 7.02 549.000 548.152 548.152 0.848 0.943 1.753 1.653 0.167 1.761
5 8.89 549.000 548.047 548.047 0.953 0.900 1.872 1.686 0.043 1.872
6 11.57 549.000 548.825 548.825 0.175 0.564 2.677 1.510 0.337 2.698

Min 547.962 0.688 8.136 11.653

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 8.1

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 11.653
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.70
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0106
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.621 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.05
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 13.19

550.000
R.L (m)

548.000

546.000
0.00 1.54 5.26 7.02 8.89 11.57
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 180+639

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
548.600
1 0.000 548.600 548.743 548.743 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 22.303 548.600 547.398 547.398 1.202 0.601 22.303 13.404 0.601 22.311
3 27.022 548.600 548.384 548.384 0.216 0.709 4.719 3.346 0.108 4.720
4 55.192 548.600 548.903 548.903 0.000 0.108 28.170 3.042 0.601 28.176

Min 547.398 0.473 19.792 55.208

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 19.8

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 55.208
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.36
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0106
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 1.039 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.05
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 20.57

550.000
R.L (m)

548.000

546.000
0.000 22.303 27.022 55.192
Chainage(m)
Minor Bridge at Km: 180+639

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 14.54 Cumecs
Rational Method 20.69 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 12.74 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 20.69 Cumecs

Second Highest = 14.54 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 14.54 = 21.81 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 20.69 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 20.69

27.00 Cumecs
Minor Bridge at Km: 180+639

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 20.69 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 549.220 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 548.997 548.997 0.223
2 1.54 548.487 548.487 0.733 0.478 1.536 0.734 0.478 1.609
3 5.26 547.962 547.962 1.258 0.995 3.728 3.711 0.517 3.764
4 7.02 548.152 548.152 1.068 1.163 1.753 2.039 0.167 1.761
5 8.89 548.047 548.047 1.173 1.120 1.872 2.097 0.043 1.872
6 11.57 548.825 548.825 0.395 0.784 2.677 2.099 0.337 2.698

TOTAL 10.68 sqm 11.70

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 10.68 / 11.71 = 0.912 m

R2/3 = 0.91^0.667 = 0.941 m

1/2
S = 0.0106^0.5 = 0.103
n = = 0.050
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.05*0.94*0.103 = 1.94 m/sec
Q=A*V 10.68*1.94 = 21.0 cumecs > more than 20.69 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 549.300 m
Therefore, design discharge = 21.00 cumecs ok
Minor Bridge at Km: 180+639

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 21.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 1.94 m/s
HFL = 549.300 m
Bed level = 547.962 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 1.34 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 1.93 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.19 m
Total head = 0.19 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 1.96 m/s
Linear water way required = 8.03 m
Proposed vent way (1 x 10 - 0 x 0.5 - 2 x 0.5) = 9.00 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 1.94 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 10.68 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 9.68 m2
Afflux = 0.05 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 0.60 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 549.950 m

Minor Bridge at Km: 180+639

Catchment Area Diagram:-

MAJOR BRIDGE
(Existing CH: 180+639)
Major Bridge at Km: 180+639

Discharge Calculations by Dicken's Formula:-

Preparation of Catchment Area Plan:

A catchment plan showing the river/stream , contours and spot levels was prepared for
determining the physiographic parameters as follow:

Physiographic Parameters:

Catchment Area (M) = 63.200 sq km

Discharge Calculations :

Discharge Q = CM 3/4 , As per Dicken's Formula

Where
Q = The Peak run-off in cum/sec C, As per IRC SP13,pg No.07
C= 19 11 - 14 (Annual rainfall is 60-120 cm)
M = 63.2 Sq.km 14 - 19 (Annual rainfall is more than 120 cm)
22 in Western Ghats
3/4
.'. Q = 19 x 63.2
= 425.88 cumec
Major Bridge at Km: 180+639

Discharge Calculations as per Rational Formula :

Q= 0.028 P. f . A . Ic

Where Q = Maximum run-off in cu.m / sec

A= Area of catchment in hectares = 6320

P= Percentage coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics

(vide Table 4.1, SP-13-2004, pg 13) = 0.6

f= fraction depending on the catchment area from f curve(Sp-13,pg 14)

= 0.826

Ic = Critical Intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

= Io 2 Io = one hour rainfall

tc + 1

Where Io = F 1+ 1 = 10.42 cm/hr

2 T

F = Precipitation of the storm in cm = 20 cm

T = Duration in hours = 24 hrs

tc =Concentration time of Catchment in hours

= 0.870 L3 0.385
= 3.831 hrs
H

L = The distance from the critical point to the culvert in km. = 16.75

H = The fall in level from the critical point to the culvert in metre. = 100.0

.'. Q = A.Io.l

l= 0.056 f. P = 0.056 x 0.83 x 0.6 = 0.0057469

tc + 1 3.831 + 1

Q = 6320 x 10.417 x 0.006 = 378.3 cumec

Major Bridge at Km: 180+639

Bed Slope / Longitudinal Slope of River Bed :

S. No. length LBL

1 0 533.959
2 63.299 534.035
3 111.814 534.206
4 118.264 534.331
5 151.23 534.17
6 181.926 534.373 534.5
7 221.449 533.858
8 296.693 532.915 534

533.5

533

532.5

532
0 111.814 151.23 221.449

Bed slope = 0.0000

Major Bridge at Km: 180+639

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Q = A x V
Where A = Cross Sectional Area
V = Velocity, calculated from Manning's formula
2/3 1/2
= 1xR xS
n
R = Hydraulic Mean depth = A/P
P = Wetted Perimeter
S = Bed Slope, measured over a long reach
n = Coefficient of rugosity (vide Table 5.1, SP-13, pg18)
Cross Section details at : 50m from PCL on Left side
Flow direction : Right to Left
Actual Modified Average
Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
536.900
1 0 536.900 536.944 536.944 0.000 0.000 0 0 0.000 0.000
2 25.924 536.900 536.693 536.693 0.207 0.103 25.924 2.6831 0.103 25.924
3 47.983 536.900 536.722 536.722 0.178 0.192 22.059 4.2464 0.089 22.059
4 72.337 536.900 535.023 535.023 1.877 1.027 24.354 25.024 0.835 24.368
5 81.142 536.900 534.166 534.166 2.734 2.305 8.805 20.3 1.278 8.897
6 91.367 536.900 534.128 534.128 2.772 2.753 10.225 28.149 0.447 10.235
7 101.112 536.900 534.943 534.943 1.957 2.364 9.745 23.042 0.388 9.753
8 114.182 536.900 535.570 535.570 1.330 1.643 13.07 21.481 0.721 13.090
9 115.273 536.900 536.176 536.176 0.724 1.027 1.091 1.1205 0.617 1.253
10 138.063 536.900 536.885 536.885 0.015 0.369 22.79 8.4209 0.657 22.799

1.276 134.47 138.379

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 134.5

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 138.379
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 0.97
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0000
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.204 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.03
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 27.393

538.000

536.000
R.L (m)

534.000

532.000
0 25.924 47.983 72.337 81.142 91.367 101.112 114.182 115.273 138.063

Chainage(m)
Major Bridge at Km: 180+639
Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
536.900
1 0.00 536.900 537.334 537.334 0.000
2 16.70 536.900 537.273 537.273 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 41.40 536.900 535.553 535.553 1.347 0.673 24.699 16.635 0.673 24.708
4 67.16 536.900 535.011 535.011 1.889 1.618 25.762 41.683 0.945 25.779
5 76.80 536.900 534.331 534.331 2.569 2.229 9.632 21.470 0.611 9.651
6 95.52 536.900 534.879 534.879 2.021 2.295 18.726 42.976 0.066 18.726
7 112.97 536.900 535.219 535.219 1.681 1.851 17.452 32.304 0.444 17.458
8 124.74 536.900 535.219 535.219 1.681 1.681 11.768 19.782 0.170 11.769
9 139.66 536.900 537.502 537.502 0.000 0.840 14.913 12.534 0.840 14.937

Min 534.331 1.398 187.384 123.029

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 187.4

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 123.029
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 1.52
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0000
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.275 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.03
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 51.51

538.000

536.000
R.L (m)

534.000

532.000
0.00 16.70 41.40 67.16 76.80 95.52 112.97 124.74 139.66
Chainage(m)
Major Bridge at Km: 180+639

Discharge Calculations as per Area-velocity Method :-

Actual Modified Average

Bed Bed Height Horizontal Area Difference Wetted
Si.No Chainage H.F.L level Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height Perimeter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
536.900
1 0.000 536.900 536.900 536.900 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 18.275 536.900 534.960 534.960 1.940 0.970 18.275 17.727 0.970 18.301
3 22.310 536.900 534.960 534.960 1.940 1.940 4.035 7.828 0.970 4.150
4 51.181 536.900 535.599 535.599 1.301 1.620 28.871 46.785 0.320 28.873
5 63.239 536.900 534.053 534.053 2.847 2.074 12.058 25.008 0.454 12.067
6 98.884 536.900 534.373 534.373 2.527 2.687 35.645 95.778 0.613 35.650
7 129.320 536.900 534.485 534.485 2.415 2.471 30.436 75.207 0.216 30.437
8 137.194 536.900 535.368 535.368 1.532 1.973 7.874 15.539 0.498 7.890
9 152.633 536.900 534.563 534.563 2.337 1.934 15.439 29.867 0.039 15.439
10 157.350 536.900 536.900 536.900 0.000 1.168 4.717 5.512 0.766 4.779

Min 534.053 1.871 319.252 157.585

Area of Cross-Section, A , (sq.m) = 319.3

Wetted Perimeter, P (m) = 157.585
Hydraulic Mean Depth (m),R = A/P = 2.03
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0000
Velocity of Stream, V (m/sec) = 0.332 as per manning's formula ; n= 0.03
Discharge, Q = A x V (cu.m/sec) = 106.14

538.000

536.000
R.L (m)

534.000

532.000
0.000 18.275 22.310 51.181 63.239 98.884 129.320 137.194 152.633 157.350
Chainage(m)
Major Bridge at Km: 180+639

Design Discharge :-

Design discharge :

Discharge
Formula from Units
catchment
Dicken's Method 425.88 Cumecs
Rational Method 378.34 Cumecs
Area velocity Method 61.68 Cumecs

Max. discharge = 425.88 Cumecs

Second Highest = 378.34 Cumecs

As per Cl.6.2 of IRC SP:13,

1.5 x 378.34 = 567.50 Cumecs

Hence Design discharge = 425.88 Cumecs

Design discharge for foundation design :

As per cl. 703.1.1 of IRC 78: 2000

Catchment area Increase over design

(in km2) discharge in percent
0- 3000 30 %
3000 - 10000 30 - 20
10000 - 40000 20 - 10
>40000 10 %

Design discharge for foundation = 1.3 x 425.88

554.00 Cumecs
Major Bridge at Km: 180+639

Calculation for Revised HFL

Maximum flood freak discharge = 425.88 Cumec

Cross Section Details at Bridge Center Flow direction : Right to Left

3-AREA - VELOCITY METHOD

HFL taken as R.L. 541.112 m
Wetted
Sl. Actual Bed Modified Average Horizontal Area Difference
Chainage Height Perimeter
No level Bed Level Height (h) distance (sq.m) in height
(m)

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
sqrt(8*8+1
m m m m m (7 x 8) (h1-h2) 0*10)
1 0.00 541.200 541.200 0.000
2 16.70 537.273 537.273 3.839 1.920 16.703 32.066 1.920 16.813
3 41.40 535.553 535.553 5.559 4.699 24.699 116.073 2.780 24.855
4 67.16 535.011 535.011 6.101 5.830 25.762 150.205 1.131 25.787
5 76.80 534.331 534.331 6.781 6.441 9.632 62.044 0.611 9.651
6 95.52 534.879 534.879 6.233 6.507 18.726 121.859 0.066 18.726
7 112.97 535.219 535.219 5.893 6.063 17.452 105.820 0.444 17.458
8 124.74 535.219 535.219 5.893 5.893 11.768 69.355 0.170 11.769
9 139.66 541.200 541.200 0.000 2.947 14.913 43.945 2.947 15.201

TOTAL 701.37 sqm 140.26

Hydraulic mean depth = R = A/P = 701.37 / 140.27 = 5.000 m

R2/3 = 5^0.667 = 2.924 m

1/2
S = 0^0.5 = 0.006
n = = 0.030
2/3 1/2
V = 1/n*R *S = 1/0.03*2.92*0.0062 = 0.61 m/sec
Q=A*V 701.37*0.61 = 426.0 cumecs > more than 425.88 O.K.
Hence adopt HFL = 541.200 m
Therefore, design discharge = 426.00 cumecs ok
Major Bridge at Km: 180+639

Linear water way & Afflux :-

1. Linear Water Way:

Design discharge = 426.00 m3/s

Unobstructed Velocity of river = 0.61 m/s
HFL = 541.200 m
Bed level = 534.331 m
Depth of water (u/s) = 6.87 m
Afflux from Molesworth = 0.005 m
Velocity of approach = 0.61 m/s
Head due to velocity of approach (V2 / 2g) = 0.02 m
Total head = 0.02 m
Velocity through vent (2gh) = 0.68 m/s
Linear water way required = 90.82 m
Proposed vent way (4 x 25 - 3 x 1.5 - 2 x 1.5) = 92.50 m o.k

2. Check for Afflux

As per Cl. 2.2.5.2 of Pocket Book for Bridge Engineers published by

Indian Road Congress, New Delhi

By Molesworth formula

é V2 ù éæ Au ö ù
2

Afflux = ê + 0 . 015 ´
ú ê ç ÷ - 1ú
ë17 .89 û êëè Ae ø úû

Velocity, V = 0.61 m/sec

Unobstructed area, Au = 701.37 m2
Effective vent area, Ae = 698.37 m2
Afflux = 0.00 m

3. Fixing of RCL (As per table 12.1 of IRC: SP - 13)

Vertical clearance (Vc) required = 1.20 m

Bottom of deck level to be provided = 542.400 m

Major Bridge at Km: 180+639

Catchment Area Diagram:-

HUNGUND - RAICHUR
Discharge Calculations (m³/s) Design Free Soffit Required Proposed Recommen Superstr Total
Modify Proposed Span Velocity Low Bed Design Afflux Afflux Height
S. No. Dicken's Rational SUH Discharge Board Level Linear Linear ded Span ucture Min. FRL Height of X Coordinate Y Coordinate
Chainage Arrangement AV Method (m/s) Level (m) HFL (m) HFL (m) (m)
Method Method Method (m³/s) (m) (m) Waterway Waterway Arrangeme Depth structure
Package - 4 Hydraulic Summary

1 137+374 1 x 10 8.38 92.91 134.41 - 135.000 5.104 529.034 532.200 0.120 532.320 0.900 533.220 8.352 9.000 1 x 10 4.186 1.100 534.425 5.391 582961.368 1773726.111

2 138+425 4 x 20 123.26 146.26 188.72 - 189.000 2.078 528.130 529.500 0.010 529.510 0.900 530.410 65.893 76.000 4 x 20 2.280 2.000 532.515 4.385 584270.000 1773415.000

3 141+359 1 x 25 15.98 67.31 120.36 - 121.000 1.740 526.008 529.000 0.010 529.010 0.900 529.910 22.917 24.000 1 x 25 3.902 2.500 532.515 6.507 586973.197 1772143.579

4 144+473 2 x 10 61.86 59.68 97.58 - 98.000 2.497 508.258 510.700 0.020 510.720 0.900 511.620 15.980 18.500 2 x 10 3.362 1.100 512.825 4.567 590039.071 1772005.486

5 145+083 9 x 25 412.44 12644.04 2747.07 - 12645.000 5.310 509.371 520.400 0.000 520.400 1.500 521.900 215.644 220.000 9 x 25 12.529 2.500 524.505 15.134 590639.655 1772057.790

6 149+834 1 x 20 19.78 25.75 40.70 - 41.000 2.169 525.872 527.800 0.030 527.830 0.900 528.730 9.729 19.000 1 x 20 2.858 2.000 530.835 4.963 595359.455 1772576.885

7 150+532 2 x 10 6.44 77.35 121.02 - 122.000 2.390 529.808 533.600 0.010 533.610 0.900 534.510 13.363 18.500 2 x 10 4.702 1.000 535.615 5.807 596053.478 1772461.566

8 153+571 1 x 25 19.47 50.69 88.58 - 89.000 2.374 546.922 549.300 0.020 549.320 0.900 550.220 15.661 24.000 1 x 25 3.298 2.500 552.825 5.903 599071.700 1772113.388

9 155+895 1 x 30 24.88 37.78 55.13 - 56.000 1.557 542.767 544.800 0.010 544.810 0.900 545.710 17.385 29.000 1 x 30 2.943 3.000 548.815 6.048 601389.913 1771921.587

10 156+869 1 x 20 56.93 93.75 142.05 - 143.000 2.575 542.636 546.200 0.010 546.210 0.900 547.110 15.487 19.000 1 x 20 4.474 2.000 549.215 6.579 602351.725 1771842.010

11 159+213 1 x 10 6.56 16.07 24.87 - 25.000 1.380 552.961 555.000 0.010 555.010 0.600 555.610 8.686 9.000 1 x 10 2.649 1.000 556.715 3.754 604693.643 1771744.524

12 159+793 1 x 10 7.05 11.30 12.74 - 13.000 1.078 551.920 553.400 0.020 553.420 0.600 554.020 7.848 9.000 1 x 10 2.100 1.000 555.125 3.205 605280.000 1771721.636

13 159+990 1 x 10 10.13 21.78 33.68 - 34.000 2.043 555.412 557.300 0.030 557.330 0.900 558.230 8.735 9.000 1 x 10 2.818 1.000 559.335 3.923 605474.383 1771714.048

14 161+565 1 x 15 Canal 607046.895 1771652.665

15 162+040 1 x 35 15.94 152.71 206.50 - 207.000 1.973 548.357 552.000 0.000 552.000 0.900 552.900 28.476 34.000 1 x 35 4.543 3.500 556.505 8.148 607514.497 1771634.412

16 164+480 3 x 20 23.56 773.30 602.73 - 774.000 2.618 540.708 546.400 0.000 546.400 1.200 547.600 51.625 58.000 3 x 20 6.892 2.000 549.705 8.997 609930.069 1771345.973

17 164+830 2 x 10 8.12 52.73 76.53 - 77.000 1.497 542.171 544.900 0.010 544.910 0.900 545.810 18.482 18.500 2 x 10 3.639 1.000 546.915 4.744 610284.828 1771262.099

18 169+758 3 x 20 82.01 145.18 240.11 - 241.000 2.135 545.900 548.200 0.000 548.200 0.900 549.100 48.669 58.000 2 X 10 3.200 1.000 550.205 4.305 615042.874 1770861.883

19 171+655 1 x 6.5 32.49 33.15 54.70 - 55.000 3.027 551.157 554.000 0.060 554.060 0.900 554.960 6.369 6.500 1 x 6.5 3.803 0.650 555.715 4.558 616945.593 1771274.292

20 175+620 2 X 10 15.13 72.84 96.81 - 97.000 2.471 535.699 537.900 0.020 537.920 0.900 538.820 17.731 18.500 2 X 10 3.121 1.000 539.925 4.226 620843.460 1771244.062

21 176+285 5 x 25 44.95 1491.27 875.85 - 1492.000 2.945 532.831 538.400 0.010 538.410 1.200 539.610 90.553 116.000 5 x 25 6.779 2.500 542.215 9.384 621494.152 1771084.286

22 178+885 1 x 15 29.94 16.82 25.43 - 30.000 2.072 555.546 556.700 0.040 556.740 0.600 557.340 12.460 14.000 1 x 15 1.794 1.500 558.945 3.399 623967.570 1770360.250

23 180+639 1 x 10 12.74 14.54 20.69 - 21.000 1.937 547.962 549.300 0.050 549.350 0.600 549.950 8.027 9.000 1 x 10 1.988 1.000 551.055 3.093 625671.617 1770330.786

24 181+860 4 x 25 61.68 425.88 378.34 - 426.000 0.607 534.331 541.200 0.000 541.200 1.200 542.400 90.823 92.500 4 x 25 8.069 2.500 545.005 10.674 626821.710 1770806.620

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