Defining Globalization become closely knit and expand

reach.
Relevance of studying the world
Effects of Globalization
First, we need to study the world
because we’ll be interacting with it. Positive Effect:
Second, studying the outside world
1. MULTICULTURALISM OR
is a cure to
MULTILINGUALISM
o Parochialism- is a state of
2. FREE TRADE- Trade without tariffs,
mind or an outlook that is
quotas, or other restrictions
limited to one’s immediate
3. CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL
community
EXCHANGES
Lastly, it can teach you more about
4. GLOBAL COOPERATION- giving
yourself.
aid by countries to some countries
Held et al. (1999) - In its simplest sense, having trouble with economic, social,
globalization refers to the widening, and political issues.
deepening, and speeding up of global
Negative Effect:
interconnectedness.
1. LINGUISTIC HEGEMONY OF
Giddens (1990)- Globalization is the
ENGLISH- Creating a misconception
intensification of worldwide social relations
that English is the superior and
that link distant localities in such a way that
dominant language.
local happenings are shaped by events
2. CULTURAL HOMOGENIZATION
occurring miles away and vice versa.
3. THIRD WORLD DEPENDENCE ON
Despite no single prescribed THE FIRST WORLD
definition, Manfred Steger has 4. GLOBAL INCOME AND WEALTH
offered the best scholarly description INEQUALITY
of what globalization is. 5. TAX INJUSTICE
6. RACISM AND ANTI-MIGRANT
Manfred Steger (2009) SENTIMENT
-A variety of accelerating economic, Why globalization is more favorable to
political, cultural, ideological, and developed than developing countries
environmental processes that are rapidly
altering our experience of the world. 1. Developed countries' investment in
developing countries earn profits which the
-The expansion and intensification of social former typically repatriate, rather than
relations and consciousness across world- reinvest in the latter.
time and across world-space.
2. Developed countries control multi-lateral
Expansion – refers to the creation financial institutions such as the IMF, World
of new social networks that cut Bank, and even the biggest private banks
across traditional political, economic, that are capable of bankrolling, frustrating
cultural, and geographical any efforts toward industrialization
boundaries. contemplated by progressive developing
Intensification – refers to the countries’ governments.
expansion, stretching, and
acceleration of these networks.
Global connections multiply and
3. Technology transfers on a massive scale TNC and MNC are global
seldom happen, hence developed countries corporations -These are companies
tend to retain a monopoly on innovations that extend beyond the borders of
vital to the growth of the manufacturing one country.
sector. World System Theory by
Immanuel Wallerstein
4. The bulk price of the developing
Core (1st world countries)
countries’ main exports is lower than the
- They have capital-intensive
bulk price of the exports in developed
production and depend on a strong
countries.
banking system
5. The migration of workers and - typically treat their peripheries as
professionals from developing countries to sources of raw materials and
developed countries depletes the former’s laborers
human resources which they need to free Semi-periphery 2nd world countries)
themselves from poverty and dependency. -they serve the core while at the
same time serving as a periphery of
6. The education system of developing another country.
countries is aligned with the needs of Periphery (3rd world countries)
developed/capital-rich countries which are -They have cheap labor and are, at
also typical destinations of migrant workers times, exploited by more powerful
from the developing nations. economies
Global Economy - labor-intensive production that
requires only low-level skills
Economic globalization - countries with a less developed
industrial base and a low Human
The phenomenon can thus have several
Development Index relative to other
interconnected dimensions, such as the
countries.
globalization of trade of goods and
services; financial and capital markets;
Entities of World Bank Group
technology and communication, and
International Bank for
production.
Reconstruction and Development
Actors of Globalization (IBRD), a global development
cooperative owned by 189 member
International Governmental countries that provides loans,
Organizations IGOs have guarantees risk management
international membership, scope, products, and advisory services to
and presence. middle-income and creditworthy low-
Non-Governmental Organizations. income countries
Refers to a legally constituted International Development
organization created with no Association (IDA) that "aims to
participation or representation of reduce poverty by providing loans
government. (called credits) and grants for
Transnational Corporation refers programs that boost economic
to any enterprise that produces growth, reduce inequalities, and
goods and services outside its improve people's living conditions" to
country of origin. complement IBRD by lending money
on concessional terms, credits with
 zero or very low-interest charge Market- a place where buyers and
payable for 25 to 40 years, with a 5- sellers can meet.
to-10-year grace period Capitalism- A system in which all
International Finance Corporation natural resources and means of
(IFC), which is the largest global production are privately owned.
development institution focused In capitalism, we have two
exclusively on the private sector in classes the capitalist and the
developing countries. laborer.
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Bourgeoisie- the capitalist class
Agency (MIGA) that promotes who own most of society's wealth
foreign direct investment (FDI) into and means of production.
developing countries Proletariat- the laborers who
International Center for Settlement worked under the bourgeoisie.
of Investment Disputes (ICSID), the Socialism- A system where the
world's major arena, devoted to means of production are under
international investment dispute collective ownership.
settlement primary labor market- white collar
job- higher level job sector-
The two goals of the World Bank Group
example: doctors, accountants,
To end extreme poverty and engineers.
to promote prosperity in a Secondary labor markets-blue
sustainable way collar job- lower-level job sector-
example: janitor, cashier, security
4 elements of the state guard.
Population– community of persons The 21st century is the time of the
Territory - the space that's under information revolution.
the state's sovereignty Global Interstate System
Government - a body that crafts
various rules that people (society) Definition of interstate system: It
follow refers to the idea of a 'system' that
Sovereignty - refers to the internal requires the existence of units,
and external authority of a state. among which interactions take
derived from the Latin term place.
superanus which was originally Global governance is rule-based but
meant to be the equivalent of it has no central authority
supreme power. Treaty of Westphalia signed in
1648- To end the Thirty Years’ War
among the major continental powers
Market Integration of Europe.
The Industrial Revolution began Principles of Interstate
in Europe
As a result, nineteenth-century State sovereignty- In political
industrialists were known as robber theory, the ultimate overseer, or
barons- with more productivity came authority, in the decision-making
greater wealth, but also greater process of the state and in the
economic inequality. maintenance of order.
 Territoriality- refers to the non- Global Governance
verbal communication of how people
Definition of Global Governance
use space to communicate
ownership or occupancy of areas - It refers to the totality of norms, laws,
and possessions. policies, and bodies that define, comprise,
Non-interference- is the act of or and facilitate transnational relations.
something that obstructs or hinders.
Diplomacy- This refers to the Purpose of UN:
activity or skill wherein countries Avert war to keep peace throughout
interact with each other. the world
To help the developing countries.
Impacts of Peace of Westphalia Organs of the United Nation
Development General Assembly- UN’s main
Westphalian System deliberate policy-making and
Anti-Hegemonic System representative organ.
Adoption in United Nations Security Council- UN organ that has
Growth of National the commitment to preserve peace
Consciousness and security
International Relations Economic and Social Council-Main
Theoretical Perspectives of Interstate organ for cooperation, and advice on
System social and economic issues.
Trusteeship Council- organ tasked to
Realism - states are rational actors administer international oversight of
and their primary concern is to 11 trust territories.
maximize their self-interest. International Court of Justice
Liberalism - It emphasized the Secretariat - UN organ tasked to
pacifying role of international execute the daily activities as
organizations, economic assigned by the other organs
interdependence, and democracy.
Constructivism – It argues that Sustainable Development Goals.
both state interests and anarchy are 1. No poverty
socially constructed, that is, they are 2. Zero Hunger
created by the state themselves. 3. Good health and Well-being
Marxism - It is a social theory that 4. Quality Education
aims to scrutinize and critique the 5. Gender Equality
underlying foundations upon which 6. Clean water and sanitation
the contemporary world system is 7. Affordable and clean energy
built. Class struggle. 8. Decent work and economic growth
The Roman Catholic church was the
locus of power before the conclusion
of the Peace of Westphalia