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Int To Pet Eng Part 1

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36 views28 pages

Int To Pet Eng Part 1

Uploaded by

iammaa
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Introduction

Contact:

Dr. Mohammed Ali Namuq


E-Mail: Mohammed.ali@ishik.edu.iq

Working Time: Sunday to Thursday


8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. every day

Room 225, Main Building / Tishk International University


Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Course Objectives COURSE CONTENT

 To provide the students


with a background in the
field of Petroleum
Engineering

 To introduce and familiarize


students with subjects
which will be discussed in
future courses, such as
Drilling Engineering,
Reservoir Engineering and
Production Engineering,
required for obtaining their
Bachelor Degree.
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Course Format/Evaluation
 Course language: English

 2 lectures / week

 3 hours / week

Sunday: 13:30 to 14:30 / Main Building, Classroom 214

Monday: 09:00 to 11:00 / Main Building, Classroom 325


Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Course Format/Evaluation
 Learning outcomes:
 Fundamentals of Drilling Engineering
 Basics of Reservoir Engineering
 Overview about Production Engineering
 Course book/textbook
 John R. Fanchi and Richard L. Christiansen: Introduction to Petroleum
Engineering. Published by John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey,
USA, 2017. ISBN 9781119193449. It is available in the library.
 Other course materials/References:
 Frank Jahn, Mark Cook and Mark Graham: DEVELOPMENTS IN PETROLEUM
SCIENCE HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION. Elsevier, 2ND
EDITION, TRACS International Consultancy Ltd., Aberdeen, UK, 2008. ISBN:
978-0-444-53236-7, ISSN: 0376-7361
 Internet
 SPE: https://www.spe.org/en/
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Course Format/Evaluation
 Teaching methods
 Lectures
 Presentation
 Seminar
 Demonstration
 Assessments methods
 Attendance (10%)
 Participation (5%)
 Quiz (15%)
 Midterm Exam (30%)
 Final Exam (40%)
 Examinations
 Essay Questions
 Multiple choice
 Short answer
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

What is Petroleum Engineering? Terminology?


Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
What is Petroleum

Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules and inorganic impurities


that can exist in the solid, liquid (oil), or gas phase.

The word petroleum comes from Medieval Latin petroleum (literally "rock
oil"), which comes from Latin petra, "rock" and oleum, "oil".

Petroleum engineering is concerned with the production of petroleum from


subsurface reservoirs.

Petroleum engineers are expected to work in environments ranging from


desert climates in the Middle East, stormy offshore environments in the North
Sea, and arctic climates in Alaska and Siberia to deepwater environments in
the Gulf of Mexico and off the coast of West Africa.
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
What is Petroleum / Oil & Gas Supply Chain
Main focus of Petroleum Engineers
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
What is Petroleum
 Petroleum engineers: They tend to specialize in one of three
subdisciplines: Reservoir Engineering

Drilling Engineering

Production Engineering
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
What is Petroleum
Petroleum engineers: They tend to specialize in one of three subdisciplines:

 Drilling engineers:
are responsible for drilling and completing wells.

 Production engineers:
manage fluid flow between the reservoir and the well.

 Reservoir engineers:
seek to optimize hydrocarbon production using an understanding of
fluid flow in the reservoir, well placement, well rates, and recovery
techniques.
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Petroleum Engineers can have the following
careers
 National Oil Companies /
government employee

 International Oil Companies

 Academic sectors

 Private sectors

 Mineral exploration and


production companies

 Refineries
..
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Oil and Gas Units
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Classification of Oil and Gas
There are a variety of terms for describing hydrocarbon fluids at surface
conditions.
Let qo, qg , ρo , ρw be oil, and gas production rates, oil, and freshwater density
respectively.

Gas–oil ratio (GOR):

Table: Rules of Thumb for Classifying Fluid Types


Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
 Alternative Energy Opportunities
Petroleum engineering principles can be applied to subsurface resources other
than oil and gas. Examples include:

 Geothermal energy

 Compressed air energy storage (CAES)

.
.
.
.
.
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Life cycle of Oil/Gas projects (Reservoir)


Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
RESOURCES AND RESERVES
Resource triangle. (Source: Adapted from Snyder and Seale (2011) and Holditch, 2007)
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
RESOURCES AND RESERVES
Oil and gas resources may be characterized as conventional and unconventional
resources.

 Conventional oil and gas resources refer to formations that can be produced at
economic flow rates or that produce economic volumes of oil and gas without
stimulation treatments or special recovery processes and technologies.

 Unconventional oil and gas resources refer to formations that cannot be produced
at economic flow rates or do not produce economic volumes of oil and gas
without stimulation treatments or special recovery processes and technologies.
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
RESOURCES AND RESERVES
The amount of the resource that can be extracted is discussed in terms of reserves.

Reserves classifications are:

 Proved reserves: Those quantities of petroleum, which by analysis of geoscience


and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be
commercially recoverable, from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and
under defined economic conditions, operating methods, and government
regulations.

 Probable reserves: Those additional reserves which analysis of geoscience and


engineering data indicate are less likely to be recovered than proved reserves but
more certain to be recovered than possible reserves.

 Possible reserves: Those additional reserves which analysis of geoscience and


engineering data suggests are less likely to be recoverable than probable reserves.
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Life cycle of Oil/Gas projects (Reservoir)
The life cycle of a reservoir begins when the field becomes an exploration prospect
and does not end until the field is properly abandoned. An exploration prospect is a
geological structure that may contain hydrocarbons.

Typical production profile


Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Life cycle of Oil/Gas projects (Reservoir)

 Exploratory wells can be used to test a trap that has never produced, test a new
reservoir in a known field, and extend the known limits of a producing reservoir.

 Discovery occurs when an exploration well is drilled and hydrocarbons are


encountered.

 Appraisal wells are used to provide more information about reservoir properties
and fluid flow.

 Development wells are drilled in the known extent of the field and are used to
optimize resource recovery.
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Life cycle of Oil/Gas projects (Reservoir)
Traditionally, production stages are identified as:

primary, secondary, and tertiary production.


Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Life cycle of Oil/Gas projects (Reservoir)
Primary production is the first stage of production and relies entirely on natural energy
sources to drive reservoir fluids to the production well. The reduction of pressure
during primary production is often referred to as primary depletion.

Oil recovery can be increased in many cases by slowing the decline in pressure. This can
be achieved by supplementing natural reservoir energy.

The injection of water or natural gas may be referred to as pressure maintenance or


secondary production.

EOR (enhanced oil recovery) processes include chemical, thermal, and microbial
processes. EOR processes are originally implemented as a third, or tertiary production
stage that followed secondary production.
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Petroleum by country
 Consumption
According to the US Energy
Information Administration (EIA)
estimate for 2011, the world
consumes 87.421 million barrels of
oil each day.

This table orders the amount of


petroleum consumed in 2011 in
thousand barrels (1000 bbl) per
day and in thousand cubic metres
(1000 m3) per day
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Petroleum by country
 Production
Top oil-producing countries
(million barrels per day)
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Petroleum by country
 Export

Oil exports by country (barrels per day, 2006)


Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Petroleum by country
 Import

Oil imports by country (barrels per day, 2006)


Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Petroleum by country
 OPEC
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an
intergovernmental organisation of 14 nations, founded in 1960 in Baghdad by
the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), and
headquartered in Vienna, Austria since 1965 .
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Petroleum by country
 Iraq

Iraq‘s total Petroleum and other liquids production and consumption

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