LPS Assessment Report

Contents

Abbreviations
Risk and Sources of Damage
Project Details
Building Details
Collection Areas
Number of Dangerous Events
Loss Parameters
Probability Parameters
Risk Components
Final Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment Results
Protection Suggestions
 Abbreviations

Abbreviation Description / Full Form Abbreviation Description / Full Form

AM Collection area of Ce Environmental factor for

flashes striking near the services
structure

AD Collection area for Ci Installation Factor

flashes to an isolated
structure

ADJ Collection area for Ct Line type factor for a

flashes to an adjacent HV/LV transformer on
structure the line

AI Collection area for ct Total value of the

flashes near a line structure and content

AL Collection area for cz Value of the cultural

flashes to a line heritage in the zone

CD Location factor hz Hazard factor

CDJ Location factor of an ks1 Factor relevant to the

adjacent structure screening effectiveness
of the structure

CLD Loss factor depending ks2 Factor relevant to the

on shielding, grounding, screening effectiveness
and isolation conditions of the shields internal to
of the line for flashes to the structure
a line

CLI Loss factor depending ks3 Factor relevant to the

on shielding, grounding, characteristics of
and isolation conditions internal wiring
of the line for flashes
near a line
ks4 Factor relevant to the Lo Loss in a structure due
impulse withstand to failure of internal
voltage of a system systems

L1 Loss of human life Lt Loss due to injury by

electric shock

L2 Loss of service to the Lu Loss related to injury to

public living beings by electric
shock (flashes to line)

L3 Loss of cultural heritage Lv Loss in a structure due

to physical damage
(flashes to a service)

La Loss related to injury to Lw Loss related to failure of

living beings by electric internal systems
shock (flashes to (flashes to a line)
structure)

Lb Loss related to physical Lz Loss related to failure of

damage (flashes to internal systems
structure) (flashes near a line)

Lc Loss related to failure of Nd Number of dangerous

internal systems events due to flashes to
(flashes to structure) a structure

Lf Loss in a structure due Ndj Number of dangerous

to physical damage events due to flashes to
an adjacent structure

Lm Loss related to failure of Ng Lightning ground flash

internal systems density
(flashes near a
structure)
Ni Number of dangerous Peb Probability reducing Pu
events due to flashes & Pv depending on the
near a structure line characteristics &
withstand voltage of
equipment when EB is
installed

NL Number of dangerous PLD Probability reducing Pu,

events due to flashes to Pv & Pw depending on
a line line characteristics &
withstand voltage of
equipment (flashes to
connected line)

Nm Number of dangerous PLI Probability reducing Pz

events due to flashes depending on line
near a structure characteristics &
withstand voltage of
equipment (flashes near
a connected line)

nt Expected total number Pm Probability of failure of

of persons internal systems
(flashes near a
structure)

nz Number of possible Pspd Probability reducing Pc,

endangered person Pm, Pw & Pz when a
coordinated SPD
system is installed

Pa Probability of injury to Pta Probability that a flash

living beings by electric to a structure will cause
shock (flashes to a shock to living beings
structure) due to dangerous touch
& step voltages
Pb Probability of physical Ptu Probability that a flash
damage to a structure to an entering line will
(flashes to a structure) cause shock to living
beings due to
dangerous touch
voltages

Pc Probability of failure of Pu Probability of injury to

internal systems living beings by electric
(flashes to a structure) shock (flashes to
connected line)

Pv Probability of physical Rv Risk component

damage to a structure (physical damage to a
(flashes to a connected structure – flashes to
line) connected line)

Pw Probability of failure of Rw Risk component (failure

internal systems of internal systems –
(flashes to a connected flashes to connected
line) line)

Pz Probability of failure of Rz Risk component (failure

internal systems of internal systems –
(flashes near a flashes near a line)
connected line)

Ra Risk component (injury rf Factor reducing loss

to living beings – flashes depending on the risk of
to structure) fire

Rb Risk component rp Factor reducing the loss

(physical damage to due to provisions
structure – flashes to a against fire
structure)

Rc Risk component (failure rt Reduction factor

of internal systems – depending on the type
flashes to a structure) of surface
 Rm Risk component (failure tz Time in hours per year
of internal systems - persons are present in a
flash near a structure) dangerous place

Rt Tolerable risks Uw Rated impulse withstand

voltage of a system

Risk Type

In order to avoid damage resulting from a lightning strike, specific protection measures must be taken for
the objects to be protected. The risk management described in the IEC 62305-2:2010-12 standard includes
a risk analysis which allows to determine the lightning protection requirements of a structure. The aim of the
risk management is to reduce the risk to an acceptable level by taking protection measures.

To determine the prevailing risk, the relevant object must be considered without any protection measures
(actual condition). Risks that may be caused as a result of direct / indirect lightning strikes to the structure
and supply lines are referred to as risk R. The risk defines the possible annual loss. Risks that must be
assessed for a structure could be:

Risk R1: risk of loss of human life

Risk R2: risk of loss of services to the public
Risk R3: risk of loss of cultural heritage
Risk R4: risk of loss of economic value

Loss Type

Every risk component describes a certain danger and thus a possible loss. The loss resulting from lightning
effects is defined as follows.

L1 = Loss of human life

L2 = Loss of services to the public
L3 = Loss of cultural heritage
L4 = Loss of economic value
 Source of Damage

Source of Damage S1: Risk components based on lightning strikes to the structure

RA Component: Refers to injury of living beings caused by an electric shock resulting from touch and step
voltage within the structure and up to 3 m around the down conductors outside the structure. Type of
damage L1 may occur for agricultural buildings and type of damage L4 with possible loss of animals.

RB Component: Refers to physical damage caused by dangerous sparking within the structure resulting in
fire and explosion. Even the environment can be at risk. All types of damage can occur (L1, L2, L3, L4).

RC Component: Refers to the failure of internal systems caused by LEMP. Types of damage L2 and L4
can occur in all cases and type of damage L1 in cases of structures with a risk of explosion and hospitals or
other structures in which the failure of internal systems can lead to loss of human life.

Source of Damage S2: Risk components for a structure as a result of lightning strikes near
the structure

RM Component: Refers to the failure of internal systems caused by LEMP. Types of damage L2 and L4
can occur in all cases and type of damage L1 in cases of structures with a risk of explosion and hospitals or
other structures in which the failure of internal systems can lead to loss of human life.

Source of Damage S3: Risk components for a structure as a result of lightning strikes to the
incoming supply line

RU Component: Refers to injury of living beings caused by an electric shock resulting from touch voltage
within the structure. Type of damage L1 may occur for agriculture facilities and type of damage L4 with
possible loss of animals.

RV Component: Refers to physical damage caused by the lightning current injected into the structure by
means of or along the supply line (fire or explosion due to dangerous sparking between the external
installation and the metal parts, typically at the point where the supply line enters the structure). All types of
damage (L1, L2, L3, L4) can occur.

RW Component: Refers to the failure of internal systems caused by overvoltages injected into the structure
by means of incoming supply lines. Types of damage L2 and L4 can occur in all cases and type of damage
L1 in cases of structures with a risk of explosion and hospitals or other structures in which the failure of
internal systems can lead to loss of human life.

Source of Damage S4: Risk components for a structure as a result of lightning strikes near
the incoming supply line

RZ Component: Refers to the failure of internal systems caused by overvoltages injected into the structure
by means of incoming supply lines. Types of damage L2 and L4 can occur in all cases and type of damage
L1 in cases of structures with a risk of explosion and hospitals or other structures in which the failure of
internal systems can lead to loss of human life.
 1. Project Details

Building Hotel

Client wewewe

Project Type Hospitality

Consultant rqerwe

Date Created 2024-12-12T18:30:00.000Z

2. Building Details

Plot Area 2341 sqm

Total Built-Up Area 2452 sqm

Dimensions (L x W x H) 365 x 12 x 20 m

Lightning Ground Flash Density (Ng) 4.60 flashes/km²/year

3. Collection Areas

The collection areas are calculated based on the building dimensions:

Area Type Value (m²) Formula Description

Area defined by the

intersection between
the ground surface
AD = L × W + 2 ×
and a straight line
(3 × H) × (L +
Collection Area (AD) 60929.7 with 1/3 slope which
W) + π × (3 ×
passes from the
H)²
upper parts of the
structure and rotating
around it
 AM = 2 × 500 × Collection area of
Collection Area (AM) 1162400 (L + W) + π × flashes striking near
500² the structure

Where: L = Length, W = Width, H = Height

4. Number of Dangerous Events

Parameter Value Formula Description

Frequency of
ND = Ng × AD × dangerous events
ND (to structure) 0.210208
CD × 10^-6 caused by lightning
strikes to a structure

Average annual
NM = Ng × AM × number of dangerous
NM (near structure) 8.02055
10^-6 events due to flashes
near a structure

Power Line Events

Line NL NI NDJ

Power Line 1 1.84e-3 1.84e-1 0.00e+0

Power Line 1 1.84e-3 1.84e-1 0.00e+0

Telecom Line Events

Line NL NI NDJ

Telecom Line 1 9.20e-3 9.20e-1 0.00e+0

NL = Ng × 40 × L × Ci × Ce × Ct × 10^-6

NI = Ng × 4000 × L × Ci × Ce × Ct × 10^-6
NDJ = Ng × ADJ × CDJ × Ct × 10^-6

5. Loss Parameters

L1 Parameters

Parameter Value

La1 1.00e-4

Lb1 4.00e-5

Lc1 0.00e+0

Lm1 0.00e+0

Lu1 1.00e-4

Lv1 4.00e-5

Lw1 0.00e+0

Lz1 0.00e+0

L2 Parameters (Power Line)

Parameter Value

Lb2t 2.00e-6

Lc2t 1.00e-3

Lm2t 1.00e-3

Lv2t 2.00e-6
 Lw2t 1.00e-3

Lz2t 1.00e-3

L2 Parameters (Telecom Line)

Parameter Value

Lb2t 2.00e-6

Lc2t 1.00e-3

Lm2t 1.00e-3

Lv2t 2.00e-6

Lw2t 1.00e-3

Lz2t 1.00e-3

L3 Parameters

Parameter Value

Lb3 0.00e+0

Lv3 0.00e+0

6. Probability Parameters

Power Lines

Line Pa Pb Pu Pv Pw Pz
 Line 1 1.00e+0 1.00e+0 1.00e-2 1.00e+0 1.00e+0 1.80e-1

Line 2 1.00e+0 1.00e+0 2.00e-2 1.50e+0 1.20e+0 1.90e-1

Pc : 1.00e+0 , Pm : 4.44e-9

Telecom Lines

Line Pa Pb Pu Pv Pw Pz

Line 1 1.00e+0 1.00e+0 1.00e-2 1.00e+0 1.00e+0 3.00e-1

Pc : 1.00e+0 , Pm : 4.44e-9

7. Risk Components

Risk R1

Component Value

Ra1 4.53e-7

Rb1 1.81e-7

Ru1 1.10e-8

Rv1 4.42e-7

Risk R2

Component Value

Ra2 5.10e-7

Rb2 2.00e-7

Ru2 2.10e-8
 Rv2 5.00e-7

Risk R3

Component Value

Ra3 6.00e-7

Rb3 3.00e-7

Ru3 3.10e-8

Rv3 6.00e-7

8. Final Risk Assessment

Risk Type Calculated Risk Tolerable Risk Status

R1 1.09e-6 1.00e-5 Within Tolerable Risk

Exceeds Tolerable
R2 1.58e-3 1.00e-3
Risk

Exceeds Tolerable
R3 4.46e-4 1.00e-4
Risk

11. Risk Assessment Graphs

Risk Assessment for R1

Tolerable Risk: 1.00e-5

Risk Assessment for R2

Tolerable Risk: 1.00e-3

Risk Assessment for R3

 Tolerable Risk: 1.00e-4

LPS Assessment Report - Generated on 13-12-24 19:15:49