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Lecture 4 BEC

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Anuradha guin
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15 views40 pages

Lecture 4 BEC

Uploaded by

Anuradha guin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fermi-Dirac: Bose-Einstein:

Evals = 0,1 Evals = 0,1,2,3,4 ...

Partition Function of Ideal Quantum Gas


This only works for non-interacting particles
Will not work for an interacting potential V, because

Partition Function of Ideal Quantum Gas


Remember the definition of a definite integral?

Only a good approximation if h is small enough that f is smooth inside it.

dl= definition in reverse! Only works if the function smoothly varies in 1

Bose-Gas Integrals
Trapezoid rule in reverse! Only works if the function smoothly varies in 1

Not Smooth!
@ l=0

Fugacity
@ l=1, 2 ...

Bose-Gas Integrals
Not a good approximation

A better approximation

Bose-Gas Integrals
Low – Temperature Thermodynamic limit:

At low temp, define . Then,

Approximate z by a Taylor series about y=0, truncated to first order

Limit of fugacity z: In the previous page,


we want to take the thermodynamic limit
at low temperatures.
When When

Therefore, in the thermodynamic limit

Bose-Gas Integrals
First, Calculate

Maxwell’s Relation

Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific


Heat
First, Calculate

Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific


Heat
Case 1: z < 1

Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific


Heat
Case 1: z < 1

Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific


Heat
Case 1: z < 1

Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific


Heat
Case 1: z < 1

Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific


Heat
Case 1: z < 1

Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific


Heat
Case 1: z < 1

Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific


Heat
Case 2: z = 1 (Homework)

Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific


Heat
Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific
Heat
Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific
Heat
Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific
Heat
Specific heat

Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific


Heat
Case 1: z < 1

Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific


Heat
Case 1: z < 1

Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific


Heat
Case 2: z = 1 (exercise)

Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific


Heat
Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific
Heat
At high temperatures:

Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific


Heat
At high temperatures:

Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific


Heat
At high temperatures:

Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific


Heat
At high temperatures:

Classical
Ideal Gas!

Ideal Bose Gas: Entropy and Specific


Heat

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