Application of Big data

Spatiotemporal data
Spatiotemporal data is use by transport industry in many ways.
New types of geospatial applications are being developed to be used by position-aware
devices installed in vehicles.
Large movement data is produced and is available for analysis. New Spatial databases are
required to handle such data with new techniques .
Application domains for moving object databases are expanding and new challenges are being
face.
It is required to propose powerful query predicates .
GIS applications involving time may also include changes in regions with the passage of time.
Vehicle position tracking may include cars, trains, aircrafts or vessels that may require
monitoring. Similar evolution is also occurring in the all other fields. It is a difficult to model
such applications having spatial aspects as well as incorporate newer challenges.
Transportation
One issue with this approach is feasibility of implementation becomes low as it provided with big
data. Fleet management requires memory space and query from spatiotemporal data. Cabs
needs to be tracked, in real-time to improve their services. It may require to answer closest taxi
to a calling customer; how many taxi’s in proximity to a client in next 10 minutes etc. these
questions are not easily answered in available applications handling spatiotemporal. data.
Limitations of current applications is that they consider moving objects as point objects
changing their position continuously over road networks hence called moving objects. The road
networks represented with the help of maps, which usually updated on regular basis. Moving
objects connected with road networks to make it meaningful.
A new set of powerful predicates are required to act on these systems. The language proposed in
this research handles many reasonable questions at a time related to such objects
Agriculture
Agriculture is one of the industry in which Spatiotemporal data is being used in many
ways. China cropland services developed spatiotemporal database system for its cropland
resources. The system receives request from clients and processes the data. The data is
stored in a large data warehouse. SQL Server 2000 was used which is highly scalable as it
also accommodates small megabytes of personal databases and adapts hundreds of millions of
users enabling them to use huge terabyte database. Land use data and covered land data is
stored and hence many queries related to land coverage, graphical queries and spatial analysis
were resolved. Tabulation of data was made easier now and updating of data can be done
on real-time basis
Health / Medical
Another industry utilizing spatiotemporal data in health. Hospitalization related risks are mainly measure
with the spatiotemporal data. In three conditions were selected and evaluated; in terms of risks in
hospitalization. The ages of patients considered above 20 years of age data taken for years 2002 to 2013.
Bayesian method applied to the data to enable the estimation of the function of different types of judgments
on events like hospital admissions.
Another study conducted to distinguish spatiotemporal trends of AIDS death discrepancy in 67 Florida
jurisdictions. Reason was to find out if trends vary as per race, age or gender. In this study data of AIDS related
deaths were analyzed from 1987 to 2004. Results geographically referenced in maps using software used by
the “Centers for Disease Control”. Results revealed many interesting facts hidden in the data. Time trends also
showed that AIDS death was spiky in 1995 and then sharply dropped till 1998. These findings were very useful as
medical resources distribution and improved spotlight on community wellbeing .
Another study used space-time scan statistics, which can examine spatiotemporal effects unlike other Spatial-
only clustering methods. The weakness in the current study was that it didn’t discriminate deaths directly related
to AIDS from non-HIV related deaths in the dataset. Another restraint was increasing number of illegal
immigrants to Florida. It was good effort to visualize the spatiotemporal characteristics of AIDS and
enabled community to provide better medicinal care delivery .
 Banking and Securities
Industry-specific Big Data Challenges
A study of 16 projects in 10 top investment and retail banks shows that the challenges in this industry include:
securities fraud early warning, tick analytics, card fraud detection, archival of audit trails, enterprise credit risk
reporting, trade visibility, customer data transformation, social analytics for trading, IT operations analytics, and IT
policy compliance analytics, among others.
Applications of Big Data in the Banking and Securities Industry
The Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) is using Big Data to monitor financial market activity. They are currently
using network analytics and natural language processors to catch illegal trading activity in the financial markets.
Retail traders, Big banks, hedge funds, and other so-called ‘big boys’ in the financial markets use Big Data for trade
analytics used in high-frequency trading, pre-trade decision-support analytics, sentiment measurement, Predictive
Analytics, etc.
This industry also heavily relies on Big Data for risk analytics, including; anti-money laundering, demand enterprise
risk management, "Know Your Customer," and fraud mitigation.
Big Data providers are specific to this industry includes 1010data, Panopticon Software, Streambase Systems, Nice
Actimize, and Quartet FS.
Communications, Media and Entertainment
Industry-specific Big Data Challenges
Since consumers expect rich media on-demand in different formats and a variety of devices, some Big Data
challenges in the communications, media, and entertainment industry include:
Collecting, analyzing, and utilizing consumer insights
Leveraging mobile and social media content
Understanding patterns of real-time, media content usage
Applications of Big Data in the Communications, Media and Entertainment Industry
Organizations in this industry simultaneously analyze customer data along with behavioral data to create detailed
customer profiles that can be used to:
Create content for different target audiences
Recommend content on demand
Measure content performance
Healthcare Providers
Industry-specific Big Data Challenges
The healthcare sector has access to huge amounts of data but has been plagued by failures in
utilizing the data to curb the cost of rising healthcare and by inefficient systems that stifle faster
and better healthcare benefits across the board.
This is mainly because electronic data is unavailable, inadequate, or unusable. Additionally, the
healthcare databases that hold health-related information have made it difficult to link data that
can show patterns useful in the medical field.
Other challenges related to Big Data include the exclusion of patients from the decision-making
process and the use of data from different readily available sensors.
Applications of Big Data in the
Healthcare Sector
Some hospitals, like Beth Israel, are using data collected from a cell phone app, from millions of
patients, to allow doctors to use evidence-based medicine as opposed to administering several
medical/lab tests to all patients who go to the hospital. A battery of tests can be efficient, but it
can also be expensive and usually ineffective.

Free public health data and Google Maps have been used by the University of Florida to create
visual data that allows for faster identification and efficient analysis of healthcare information,
used in tracking the spread of chronic disease. Obamacare has also utilized Big Data in a variety
of ways. Big Data Providers in this industry include Recombinant Data, Humedica, Explorys, and
Cerner.
Transportation
Industry-specific Big Data Challenges
In recent times, huge amounts of data from location-based social networks and high-speed data
from telecoms have affected travel behavior. Regrettably, research to understand travel behavior
has not progressed as quickly.
In most places, transport demand models are still based on poorly understood new social media
structures.
Applications of Big Data in the
Transportation Industry

Some applications of Big Data by governments, private organizations, and individuals include:

Governments use of Big Data: traffic control, route planning, intelligent transport systems,
congestion management (by predicting traffic conditions)
Private-sector use of Big Data in transport: revenue management, technological enhancements,
logistics and for competitive advantage (by consolidating shipments and optimizing freight
movement)
Individual use of Big Data includes route planning to save on fuel and time, for travel
arrangements in tourism, etc.