SUKELLEMO MOCK, 2022

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
Time: 2½ Hours
AUG./SEPT. 2022

1. a) Explain how the learning of Christian Religious Education in secondary schools promote national
unity. (7marks)
b) Outline the seven steps taken by God towards healing the damaged relationship with mankind after
the fall of man. (7marks
c) State six ways in which Christians in Kenya helped to restore a member who has fallen into sin.
(6marks)
2. a) State seven promises made to Abraham during the making of the covenant in Genesis 15:1-19.
(7marks)
b) Describe how God prepared the Israelites for the making of the covenant at Mount Sinai.
(Exodus 19) (7 marks)
c) Give six reasons why Christians are commanded not to steal (6 marks)

3. a) State seven reasons why Israelites demanded for a king (7 marks)

b) Explain seven ways used by King David to promote the worship of Yahweh in Israel. (7 marks)
c) Give reasons why Christians in Kenya should build churches. (6 marks)

4. a) Explain the role of prophets in Israel. (7 marks)

b) Outline seven teachings of prophet Amos on the Day of the Lord. (7 marks)
c) Give six ways through which Christians in Kenya can avoid God punishment today. (6 marks)

5. a) Identify seven occasions when Nehemiah prayed . (7 marks)

b) Outline the stages followed in the renewal of the covenant during the time of Nehemiah.
(7 marks)
c) How do Christians renew their faith God in today? (6 marks)

6. a) Describe the hierarchy of being according to traditional African communities. (7 marks)

b) Identify seven reasons why initiation rites were important in Traditional African communities.
(7 marks)
c) What changes have taken place in property ownership in Traditional African Communities?
(6 marks)

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 Christian Religious Education
SUKELLEMO MOCK, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
Time: 2½ Hours
AUG./SEPT. 2022

1 (a) Explain the Jewish expectation of the messiah (7 marks)

(b) Outline seven activities that took place during the dedication of Jesus in the temple
(Luke 2:22-40) (7 marks)
(c) Identify reasons why children are dedicated to God at an early age (6 marks)

2 (a) Describe the healing of Gerasene demoniac in Luke 8:26-39 (8 marks)

(b) State six reasons why Jesus chose the twelve disciples (6 marks)
(c) Give Six lessons Christians learn about Jesus from the healing of the Gerasene demoniac
(6 marks)
3 (a) Outline the instructions that Jesus gave to the seventy two disciples when he sent them
on a mission. (7 marks)
(b) State seven causes of conflict between Jesus and Jewish religious leaders during Jerusalem
ministry (7 marks)
(c) State Six ways in which church leaders can resolve conflict in the church today (6 marks)

4 (a) Identify the fruit of the Holy Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23) (7 marks)
(b) Explain the teachings of peter concerning the people of God (1st peter 2:9-10) (7 marks)
(c) Outline Six roles of the Holy Spirit in the church today (6 marks)

5 (a) State Seven similarities between the traditional African and Christian view on human
sexuality. (7 marks)
(b) Outline Seven factors that may lead to the misuse of leisure (7 marks)
(c) Give Six dangers of using illicit drugs among the youths in Kenya today (6 marks)

6 (a) Identify seven sources of wealth in traditional African societies (7 marks)

(b) Give seven reasons why corruption is widespread in Kenya today (7 marks)
(c) Explain six ways the church is using to eradicate poverty in Kenya today (6 marks)

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 Christian Religious Education
SUKELLEMO MOCK, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME
1. a) Explain how the learning of Christian Religious Education in secondary schools promote
national unity. (7mks)
 Teaches that all have one origin
 Teaches as to love one another
 Teaches us to respect those in authority
 Teaches us to live in harmony
 Promotes social equality
 Encourage mutual responsibility and sharing

b) Outline the seven steps taken by God towards healing the damaged relationship with mankind
after the fall of man. (7mks)
 He looked for Adam and Eve to find out where they were.
 He made garments of skin for Adam and his wife and clothed them.
 He provided them with means to find food after throwing them out of the Garden of Eden.
 He saved Noah and the family the righteous during the flood.
 He initiated reconciling human beings to himself e.g. the call of Abraham.
 He made a covenant with Abraham.
 He close Israel as a holy nation through whom other nations would receive God’s salvation He gave
them the Ten Commandments / made a covenant with the Israelites.
 He promised a new covenant through prophet Jeremiah.
 He sent many prophets in the Old Testament.
 He promised and fulfilled the coming of the Messiah who died on the cross for the sins of mankind
to reconcile man to God through the Israelites. 7 x 1 = 7mks

c) State six ways in which Christians in Kenya helped to restore a member who has fallen into sin.
(6mks)
 By visiting them/inviting them into their homes
 By being patient/forgiving them
 By evangelizing to them/preach/teaching
 By guiding and counseling them/referring them to experts according to their needs.
 Praying for them
 By inviting them back to church
 By encouraging them to repent/confess
 By offering material needs/aids. (5×1=5marks)

2. b) Describe how God prepared the Israelites for the making of the covenant at Mount Sinai.
(Exodus. 19) (7mks
 God told Moses to remind the people of Israel of how he had brought them out of Egypt.
 God told Moses that He wanted to make a special relationship with Israel / make them a kingdom of
priests / a holy nation.
 Moses called all the elders / people and told them what God had said.
 God told Moses that he wanted the Israelites to obey Him.
 The Israelites promised to do all that the Lord had said.
 God promised to come down and meet with the people on the third day.
 The people were instructed to consecrate themselves / wash their garments / clean.
 Moses set bounds for the people not to go up the mountain / touch the border of it / boundaries.

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 The people were to abstain from sexual relationships.
 On the third day, there was a thick cloud upon the mountain / loud trumpet blast/an earth quake.
 Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet with God! They took their stand at the foot of the
mountain.
 The Lord came down to the top of the mountain / called Moses to go up Him.

c) Give six reasons why Christians are commanded not to steal (6mks)
 Christians should trust in God to provide for their needs
 So as to show respect for other peoples’ property
 Christians should work to acquire their needs I laziness is discouraged
 Christians should have others / should not make others suffer
 They should uphold their dignity / self-worth be role models
 In order to promote peace / harmony among people / stealing causes conflict in society
 In order to practise self-control/ righteousness

3 a) State seven reasons why Israelites demanded for a king (7mks)

 Samuel had become old/ unable to rule/ feared he would dies
 Samuel appointed his sons as judges/ made the post hereditary
 The sons of Samuel were corrupt/ his sons had failed as judges
 The Israelites wanted to be like others nations
 They wanted a king who could lead them to war against their enemies
 They wanted a leader whom they could see/ rejected God as their king
 They wanted a political government with national authority/ organized system etc

b) Explain seven ways used by King David to promote the worship of Yahweh in Israel. (7mks)
 He consulted God in all his undertakings.
 He accepted God’s promises made to him through Prophet Nathan.
 He brought the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem making it a religious capital
 He wanted to build God a house/temple.
 He danced before God and made sacrifices to him after bringing the Ark to Jerusalem.
 He composed Psalms.
 He repented after sinning.
 He was humble before God and attributed his successes to God.
 He fasted and prayed.

c) Give reasons why Christians in Kenya should build churches. (6mks)

 Churches are used for worshipping God I prayer
 They signify God’s presence I house of God.
 They are used for meetings / a place of gathering for members / unity/ meetings.
 Religious functions take place there / festivals.
 They are places where members receive religious instruction I preaching.
 As a sign of prestige / recognition / identification.
 To demonstrate their faith in the existence of God.
 To follow the traditions of the Old Testament teachings on the temple as a house of God.
 It can be used as a place of refuge in times of danger I calamity.
 Sign of growth in terms of numbers.

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4 a) Explain the role of prophets in Israel. (7mks)
 they spoke on behalf of God;
 they foretold the future events;
 they guided and counseled kings;
 they called people back to repentance/gave message of hope;
 they guided the people about the covenant;
 they condemned evil in the society;
 they warned people of God's judgment;
 they made people understand the nature of God;
 they offered sacrifices to God;
 they anointed Kings;
 they interpreted the visions and dreams form God/ current events.

b) Outline seven teachings of prophet Amos on the Day of the Lord.(7mks)

 It will be a day of terror and disaster
 God will punish the Israelites for their disobedience/He will remember their evil deeds
 The land shall tremble/there will be earthquakes
 People will mourn/no happiness
 There will be darkness at noon
 The feasts and festivals will not be joyful
 People will thirst/hunger for the word of God
 People will faint in the process of searching for the word of God
 It will be a day of disappointment to the Israelites
 The wicked will not escape Gods judgment

c) Give six ways through which Christians in Kenya can avoid God punishment today. (6mks)
 Obey God’s commandments
 Preach the good news of Christ to others to change
 Condemn all evils in society e.g. corruption
 Show love by helping the needy/poor
 Being prayerful to avoid temptations
 Worshipping God with all sincerity
 Asking the Holy Spirit for guidance and protection against evil
 Repenting their sins
 Forgiving others unconditionally
 Preaching peace and reconciliation
 Holding fellowships to encourage each other

5 a) Identify seven occasions when Nehemiah prayed. (7mks)

 Nehemiah prayed when he got a bad report from the Jews that Jerusalem was in ruins
 When he was about to ask for permission from King Artaxerxes I to go to Judah and
 rebuild the wall of Jerusalem
 When Sanballat ridiculed the rebuilding of the wall
 When Sanballat / Tobiah / Amorites threatened to fight the people of Jerusalem
 He prayed for God’s favour after having forfeited his portion of food as governor for twelve years
 When he was threatened to be killed by his enemies / Geshene the Arab
 When he had purified the rooms in the house of God
 After warning the people against ignoring the Sabbath law
 After he had stopped the Israelites from intermarrying with the foreigners.

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b) Outline the stages followed in the renewal of the covenant during the time of Nehemiah.
(7mks)
 The people gathered in the public square in Jerusalem.
 The priest Ezra read the law to the people.
 They performed repentance gestures of raising / lowering their hands / moaning/wailing/ weeping /
spontaneous reaction.
 The people constructed makeshift tents / shelters to celebrate the feasts of the booths.
 There was national day of confession / fasting as they wore sack clothes.
 Ezra led people in prayer of confession.
 They sealed the covenant by signing an agreement under the leadership of Nehemiah and the priest.
 The people promised not to go against the Mosaic Law.
 The re-distribution of the people in Jerusalem and country side.
c) How do Christians renew their faith God in today? (6mks)
 Christians pray/pronounce blessings in the name of God.
 They give offering/tithe in church.
 They confess/repent their sins/forgive others.
 By building places of worship for God.
 They undergo baptism/partake of the Holy Communion.
 By visiting places perceived to be holy/sacred.
 By obeying the teachings of Christ/commandments/reading the word of God.
 Caring for God’s creation/helping the needy.
 Composing/singing songs to God.
 Dedicating their lives/time to serve God in various positions/preaching gospel.
6 a) Describe the hierarchy of being according to traditional African communities. (7mks)
 God
 Divinities
 Spirits
 Living dead/ancestors
 Human beings
 Plants and animals
 Non – Living things
b) Identify seven reasons why initiation rites were important in Traditional African
communities. (7mks)
 Initiates gain new status in life/he/she moves from childhood to adulthood.
 Initiate acquires new rights and privileges
 Initiate receives special education from their sponsors during seclusion.
 Initiation ceremony brings the people together e.g. families, relatives and friends.
 Shedding of blood unites the initiate to the land and ancestors.
 Initiation ceremonies are looked at as occasion for prayers to God.
 Initiation helps to restructure the community through age sets/groups.
 It is a sign of courage and bravery.
 Pain endured during initiation prepares the initiates to face the difficulties and challenges of adult
life.
c) What changes have taken place in property ownership in Traditional African
Communities (6mks)
 Women/ children can now own property
 Wealth is longer determined by the number of wives/ children
 The introduction of money economy has reduced the value attached to land
 The roles of elders in sharing of property has been eroded
 Land is individually owned through the issuance of title deeds
 People write wills to share/ decide who should inherit their property
 Property can be owned outside one’s ancestral home
 Land can now be sold/ auctioned
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SUKELLEMO MOCK, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEME
1. (a) Explain the Jewish expectation of the messiah (7 marks)
 A political leader to overthrow the Romans.
 Would rule the world from Jerusalem.
 Establish a kingdom preceded by cosmic signs
 Descendant of David /Royal family
 Come after the return of Elijah
 Not associate with the poor /sinners /Gentiles
 Uphold Judaism
 Perform miracles.
 Establish a more powerful kingdom.
 Establish a kingdom through God’s judgment on Israel’s enemies. 7x 1=7mks

(b) Outline seven activities that took place during the dedication of Jesus in the temple
(Luke 2:22-40) (7 marks)
 Jesus parents offered a sacrifice two turtle, doves (sin offering purification)
 Simeon took the child into his arms.
 He praised God/gave thanks.
 He prophesied about Jesus mission.
 The parents of Jesus marveled at Simeon’s prophecy.
 Prophets Anna thanked God/Prayed for the child.
 She prophesied that Jesus was the redeemer of Jerusalem.
 Simeon blessed Jesus parents.
 Jesus was dedicated/Redeemed.
 Simeon was led by the Holy spirit First 7x1= 7 marks

(c) Identify reasons why children are dedicated to God at an early age (6 marks)
 To follow the example of Jesus who was dedicated in the temple.
 To give them a sense of belonging to the Christian community
 To show appreciation and thanksgiving to God for the gift of a child.
 To receive blessings from God/ religious leaders
 To surrender the child to God to grow in fear and favour of God.
 To ask for God's protection against sickness and calamities
 It's an act of worship, tradition traditions, and practices of the Church.
 To expose children to their religious faith.

2 (a) Describe the healing of Gerasene demoniac in Luke 8:26-39 (8 marks)

 Jesus and the disciples arrived at the land of Gerasene.
 They met a man who was demon possessed and lived among the tombs.
 The man fell down and told Jesus not to torment him.
 This is because Jesus had commanded the unclean spirit out of the man.
 Jesus asked the man his name.
 The man replied that his name was legion which meant many demons.
 The demons begged Jesus not to let them go into the abyss but into the swine.
 The swine rushed and drowned in a nearby lake.
 The herdsmen then fled and went to tell people in the city concerning what had happened.
 People came and found the man sitting at the feet of Jesus, healed, dressed and his right mind.
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 The people got afraid of Jesus and asked Him to leave their territory.
 The healed man asked Jesus whether he could accompany Him.
 Jesus told him to go and tell others what God had for him
 The man went through the town proclaiming the good news about Jesus.
(8 x 1 = 8marks)
b) State six reasons why Jesus chose the twelve disciples (6 marks)
 In order to teach them the secrets of the Kingdom of God.
 To have companions/person assistants;
 To form an inner group which should assist him during his public ministry
 To be witnesses to his saving acts in the world;
 To reveal his person/give a new understanding of his messiahship;
 It symbolised the reconstruction of the twelve tribes of Israel.
 To train/prepare them for the mission after his death.
 To lay a foundation for the establishment of the church.
 To continue with the biblical theme of election in which God chooses anyone to serve him.

c) Give Six lessons Christians learn about Jesus from the healing of the Gerasene demoniac
(6 marks)
 Jesus is the Son of God
 Jesus has power over demons
 Jesus mission is universal
 Jesus values human life more than animals
 Jesus came to establish the kingdom of God/Jesus came to destroy the kingdom of Satan
 Jesus is the promised messiah
 Jesus cares for both physical and spiritual wellbeing of people
 Jesus is compassionate/merciful

3. (a) Outline the instructions that Jesus gave to the seventy two disciples when he sent them on a
mission (7 marks)
 The disciples were to pray for more labourers to be sent for the harvest
 They were not to carry any purse/bags/sandals
 They were not to salute anyone on the road
 They were to say peace to any house they entered/blessings
 They were to eat /drink whatever was provided
 They were to remain in the same house / not to go from house to house
 They were to tell the people that the kingdom of God has come near
 They were to wipe their feet against the people if not received. (8 marks)

(b) State seven causes of conflict between Jesus and Jewish religious leaders during Jerusalem ministry
(7 marks)
 The question about Jesus authority- The chief priest, scribes and elders asked Jesus on whose
authority he taught. Jesus asked them whether John's right to Baptize was from heaven or Earth.
 The parable of the Tenants-A man planted a vineyard and let it out to tenants, at harvest time he sent
three of his servants one at a time but they were beaten by the tenants, the son was killed.
 Paying taxes to Caesar-Some spies asked Jesus whether it was lawful to pay taxes to Caesar, Jesus
responded, Give Caesar what is Caesar’s and God what is God’s.
 The question about resurrection- The Sadducees wanted to know whose wife a woman who had been
married to seven brothers would be after resurrection.
 The question about the Messiah-Jesus wondered why the Pharisees, Scribes and Sadducees did not
know much about the Messiah yet they knew the scriptures.
 Jesus warns against teachers of the law- Jesus warned his disciples against the hypocrisy of the
teachers of the law.

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 The widow’s offering-The rich gave and spared from their riches, Jesus praised the widow for giving
all she had (7 marks)

(c) State six ways in which church leaders can resolve conflict in the church today (6 marks)
 They pray over the issue/problem
 They offer guidance and counseling to the affected
 Paying visits/talking to the offender/fellowship
 By involving church leaders as arbitrators.
 Forgiving the one who has wronged the other/asking for forgiveness
 Willingness by the offender to accept the mistakes made/accepting liability.
 Withdrawing some privileges for a period of time so that one can reform
 By sharing meals /eating together
 Through shaking of hands/accepting a greeting.

4 (a) Identify the fruit of the Holy Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23) (7 marks)
 Love
 Joy
 Peace
 Kindness
 Goodness
 Self-control
 Gentleness
 Patience
 Faithfulness

(b) Explain the teachings of peter concerning the people of God (1st peter 2:9-10) (7 marks)
 The believers are chosen people/race/they have been selected
 They are a royal priesthood/they are to serve the greatest king/God
 They are Holy nation.
 They belong to God.
 They are to declare wonderful deeds of God.
 They were called from darkness to light.
 They were once not a people/outside the covenant way of life
 They are led by the mercies of God. 7 x 1 = 7 mks

(c) Outline Six roles of the Holy Spirit in the church today (6 marks)
 The Holy Spirit enables Christians to make right decisions/gives wisdom/counsel
 The Holy Spirit enables Christians to worship God/pray/sing
 He gives believers deep understanding/revelation of God
 He unites the believers as one body of Christ
 He helps individuals to know who Jesus Christ is/aspire then to live like Christ lives
 He convicts people of their sins
 Enables believers to do works of mercy
 Gives them power to perform Miracles
 Enables believers to differentiate between spirits
 Enables Christians to speak in tongues
 Enables Christians to prophecy /speak the word of God. (8marks

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5 (a) State Seven similarities between the traditional African and Christian view on human
sexuality (7 marks)
 In both human sexuality is sacred/holy
 In both the gift of sex should be enjoyed in marriage.
 In both sexual offences are punishable.
 Elders/ parents are to guide /teach the youth regarding their sexuality in both.
 There are roles /regulations regarding the use of the gift in both.
 In both sexuality has the purpose of procreation
 In both it is viewed as sacred/holy/a gift from God.
 Both encourage self-control virginity is emphasized.
 In both youth is taught on sexual matters.
 In both sexuality is complementary for companionship.

b) Outline Seven factors that may lead to the misuse of leisure (7 marks)
 ignorance of proper use of leisure
 Expensive and inappropriate forms of leisure activities
 Lack of facilities needed for leisure
 Pornography / influence of mass media
 Poverty / too much wealth- Bad company/ peer pressure
 Feelings of insecurity- Social oppression / injustices
 Misunderstanding in the family
 Failure to strike a balance between passive and active leisure 7 x 1 = 7 marks

(c) Give Six dangers of using illicit drugs among the youths in Kenya today (6 marks)
 There is an increase in rate of crimes committed;
 Use of illicit drugs leads to sexual immorality/contracting sexually transmitted infections/HIV and
Aids:
 Dependence on illicit drugs depletes resources leading to poverty;
 Illicit drugs can damage vital organs:
 Illicit drugs causes indiscipline in institutions of learning:
 The number of street children/families is increasing as a result of using the drugs
 Use of illicit drugs is illegal/the offenders are liable for punishment;
 Use of illicit drugs can cause employer/employee conflicts;
 Illicit drug users become irresponsible/quarrelsome/irritable leading to family
disagreements/breakup.:
 Use of illicit drugs can lead to murder/death.

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6 (a) Identify seven sources of wealth in traditional African societies (7 marks)
 Inheritance of property from parents.
 Gifts/presents/fines
 Payment of bride wealth
 Farming/livestock rearing.
 Exploitation of natural resources.
 Barter trade.
 Marrying many wives/Having many children
 Through raids/expeditions.
 Through use/exploitation of skills/talents.

b) Give seven reasons why corruption is widespread in Kenya today (7 marks)

 Unemployment cases which makes an individual desperate to secure an employment chance by
engaging in corrupt activities.
 Desire for instant services make some people become corrupt.
 Some people feel that they have not been adequately paid for work done hence engage in corrupt acts
to compensate themselves.
 Fear of arrest/punishment make law breakers to engage in corrupt deals.
 Some people engage in corrupt deals in order to be served due to ignorance of their rights.
 Lack of moral integrity by some people.
 Greed makes some people to engage in corruption.
 Due to tribal/ethnic affiliations.
 There is lack of efficient machinery to curb corrupt practices/absence of law to deal with corrupt
cartels.
 The Judiciary is not able to deal with injustice/cases take too long to be determined.
 Some government agents abuse the power bestowed upon them.
 The belief of the common person that the government is and therefore has to be corrupt

c) Explain six ways the church is using to eradicate poverty in Kenya today (6 marks)
 The Church preaches/teaches/encourages hard work among the citizens which enables them to fight
poverty.
 The Church speaks against vices like oppression/exploitation of the poor by the rich in the society
which are promoting poverty.
 The Church takes care of the poor by providing them with material possession.
 The Church has established projects that offer employment to members of the society, this enables
them to take care of their needs.
 The Church gives out bursaries to the needy children enabling them undertake education and get
employment.
 The Church is offering subsidized medical services which enhances the economic output/productivity
of the people.
 The Church is working together with the government to create a peaceful society which promotes
economic/social development.
 The Church prays for God’s intervention in the lives of the poor which gives them hope in life.
 It offers guidance and counseling to the poverty stricken thus enabling them to open up to realities of
life.

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GATUNDU SOUTH EVALUATION EXAMINATION
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
Time: 2½ Hours
1 a) State six similarities in the Biblical stories of creation in Genesis1 and 2 (6mks)
b) Identify eight literary forms used in the writing of the Bible and give examples (8mks)
c) Give six reasons why Christians read the Bible (6mks)
2 a) Describe the call of Moses Exodus 3:1-22 (8mks)
b) How did the Israelites worship God when they were in the wilderness (5mks?)
c) Identify seven challenges that a Christian face while practicing their faith (7mks)
3 a) Give eight ways in which in which king David promoted the worship the worship
of Yahweh in Israel (8mks)
b) Identify seven duties performed by Prophet Samuel in Israel (7mks)
c) State five lessons that Christians learn from the failures of King Saul (5mks)
4 a) Describe four groups of true prophets in the old testaments (8mks)
b) State six Characteristics of true prophets (6mks)
c) Identify six problems experienced by church leaders in their work today (6mks)
5 a) Identify six occasions when Nehemiah prayed (6mks)
b) Describe seven leadership qualities demonstrated by Nehemiah (7mks)
c) State seven ways in which Christians observe the day of worship (7mks)
6 a) State seven factors that contributed to harmony and mutual responsibility in African traditional
society (7mks)
b) Outline six causes of death in traditional African communities (6mks)
c) List seven moral values promoted during funeral ceremonies in African Traditional society
(7mks)

GATUNDU SOUTH EVALUATION EXAMINATION

313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
Time: 2½ Hours
1 a) Outline Jeremiah’s prophecies about the messiah (Jeremiah 23:5-6) (6mks)
b) From the story of the early life of Jesus up to twelve years, identify seven ways through which He
is seen as coming from a poor background. (7mks)
c) List down seven virtues which Christians acquire while celebrating the birth of Jesus. (7mks)
2. a) Describe the temptation of Jesus in the wilderness (Luke 4:1 – 13) (7mks)
b) What do Christian learn about Jesus from the incident when he was baptized? (6mks)
c) Outline seven lessons that a Christians learn from the temptations of Jesus. (7mks)
3. a) Relate the triumphant entry of Jesus into Jerusalem (Luke 19: 28 – 40) (7mks)
b) State six accusations that were made against Jesus during His trial (Luke 22: 66 – 23: 1 -23)
(6mks)
c) Give seven lessons Christians learn from the suffering and death of Jesus. (7mks)
4 a) Explain how the Unity of Believers is expressed in the concept of the bride. (7mks)
b) Outline the teachings of Jesus on the role of the Holy Spirit. (7mks)
c) Identify six spiritual gifts taught by Saint Paul in the early church. (6mks)
5. a) Identify the causes of pre-marital sex among the youth in Kenya today. (8mks)
b) State the Christian teachings on marriage. (7mks)
c) State five challenges that children from single families face in Kenya. (5mks)
6. a) Explain the traditional African practices that promote law, order and justice. (7mks)
b) State reasons why Christians are opposed to Euthanasia. (7mks)
c) Identify ways in which Christians can help curb desertification. (6mks)

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GATUNDU SOUTH EVALUATION EXAMINATION
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME

1 (a) State six similarities in the biblical stories of creation in Genesis 1 and 2(6mks)
 In both God is the sole creator
 In both human beings are given responsibilities/have authority over Gods creation.
 In both accounts, human beings are special/share in Gods image/superior
 There is a sense of order in both creation stories
 In both stories all created things depend on God for sustenance/ He is the provider/ dependence
 In both accounts God is self-existence/existed before creation
 In both stories God is the source of life
 In both God created male and female/human sexuality Any 6x1=6mks

b) Identify eight literally forms used in the writing of the bible and give examples (8mks)
 Religious epics e.g. Genesis, exodus
 Wise sayings e.g. Proverbs
 Prose/Narratives e.g. Numbers
 Letters/Epistles e.g. 1st &2nd Corinthians
 Legistratives e.g. Leviticus
 Songs e.g. songs of Solomon
 Prophetic speeches e.g. Jeremiah
 Gospel e.g. Luke
 Philosophical essays e.g. job
 Prayers e.g. Nehemiah
 Poetic e.g. psalms Any 8x1=8mks

c) Give six reasons why Christians read the bible (6mks)

 It provides Christians with moral values
 It is a source of spiritual growth and nourishment
 It is used in Christian worship
 It gives them inspirational/hope
 It helps them understand their relationship with God
 It is is a source of Christian beliefs/practice
 It reveals God to them makes them understand the will of God
 It is a source of knowledge
 It is the word of God the authors were inspired by God Any 6x1=6mks

2 (a) Describe the call of Moses (8mks)

 Moses was looking after his father-In-laws sheep at Mt. Horeb/Sinai
 An angel of the lord appeared to him in burning bush which was not getting consumed.
 Moses turned to see the bush, God called his name out of the bush.
 Moses responded to God by saying, “Here I am”.
 God commanded Moses not to move near/to remove his shoes because the place was holy.
 God revealed Himself to Moses as the God of his ancestors.(Abraham, Isaac& Jacob)
 Moses hid his face/was afraid to look at God.

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 God told Moses that he had seen the suffering of the people in Egypt/had come to deliver
them/wanted to send Moses to pharaoh to release his people.
 Moses was reluctant to be sent to pharaoh/God promises to be with him/gave him a sign
 Moses sought to know the name of God who was sending him/God revealed his name as “I AM
WHOM I AM”.
 God told Moses to go and gather the elders of the Israel/tell them Gods message about their
deliverance.
 Moses was told to go with the elders to pharaoh to ask for their release from Egypt.
 God promised to perform miracles to compel pharaoh
 The Israelites will get favor from Egyptians/get jewelry Any 8x1=8mks

b) How did the Israelites worship God when they were in the wilderness? (5mks)
 They built alters
 They offered sacrifices
 They sang songs/danced
 They said prayers
 They held festivals
 They gave offerings/offerings
 They constructed/sacred places of worship/Tabernacles/tent of meeting
 They observed the Sabbath day\They burnt incense\burnt offerings Any5x1=5mks

c) Identify seven challenges that Christians face while practicing their faith (7mks)
 The emergence of splinter groups within the church
 The emergence of cults which practice ungodly activities
 The emphasis on materialism by the churches
 Lack of the role model among the leaders
 Open conflict among/between the leaders and the church members/authoritarianism
 Misuse of resources by the leaders
 Rise of state church conflict
 Confusion among Christians due to different interpretation of the bible
 Church leaders not having time for all members/discrimination
 Negative effects of mass media/modern technology
 Permissive/moral decadence/drug abuse Any 7x1=7mks

3 (a) Give eight ways in which king David promoted the worship of Yahweh in Israel (8mks)
 David brought the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem which symbolized Gods presence
 Presence of God among his people showed that Yahweh was at the center of Israelites life
 He made Jerusalem not only a political city but a religious spiritual capital which Israelites from
Diaspora came for important religious occasions
 Composed psalms which were used in worship by the Israelites e.g. reading, singing and reacting
 He showed respect to the people of Yahweh and listened to their messages advice and admonitions
 He repented and asked for forgiveness when he made mistakes
 He humbled himself before Yahweh and completely submitted to his will/obeyed God
 He advised others to obey God and kept Gods commandment shepherd Israel to the true worship of
Yahweh
 He constantly prayed to God sort Gods guidance/glorified God Hands to God
 He advised others to obey God and kept Israel to the true worship of Yahweh
 He constantly prayed to GODS/sort Gods guidance/glorified God /gave hands to God
 David praised God through song/dance and music
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 David wanted to build a house/temple for God(where the ark of the covenant could be kept and Israel
would meet for worship
 He conquered the enemies of Israel so that they could live I peace which was a sign of God’s presence
amusing them. Any8x1=8mks

b) Identify seven duties performed by Prophet Samuel in Israel (7mks)

 He anointed people/kings
 Judged cases among the people/acted as a judge with Gods direction
 Prophesied Gods plan or the future where he foretold future happenings/events/activities
 Taught people great ways i.e. reminded them of the covenant way of life
 He condemned social injustice and corrupt in Israel/exploitation of the poor and week
 He brought to the kings attention their mistakes/he corrected king e.g. Saul
 He preached the worship of one God
 He helped in offering sacrifices to the lord on individuals behalf or nation of Israel
 He led Israelites to war against their enemies
 He took care of the tabernacle tent and covenant book of God
 He performed priestly duties in the house of the lord Any7x1=7mks

c) State five lessons that Christians learn from the failures of the king Saul (5mks)
 Christians should obey Gods authority
 Christians should have faith
 Christians should respect the role of religious leaders in church without undermining them
 Lust for money/wealth leads to sin hence one should avoid greed/corruption
 Gods is pleased with obedience of the law(Christian) principles than gifts given to the church
 Church leaders should be responsible and true to their duties Any5x1=5mks

4 a) Describe four groups of the true prophets in the Old Testament (4mks)
 Major prophets-their messages/books are elaborate/detailed
 Minor prophets-they have short/brief messages
 Canonical prophets-they are prophets whose utterances are recorded I books that bear their names
 Non-canonical prophets-they are prophets whose oracles/messages have been complied by other
authors
 Cultic prophets-they are prophets whose duties were associated with places of worship
 Early prophets- were sent by God for specific tasks Any4x2=8

b) State six Characteristics of true prophets (6mks)

 They were Gods mouth piece/spokespeople/mediators
 They responded to Gods calling faith/they obeyed
 They were called by Gods divine call/received messages
 They were given specific tasks to carry out
 They communicated Gods messages with authority/without fear
 They spoke the truth in all circumstances
 Their prophecies came true/were fulfilled
 They never worked for material gain
 They called people to come back to the covenant way of life/advocated/no materialism
 They pronounced Gods punishment/judgment /restoration/hope/condemned evil
 They were persecuted for their work
 They led exemplary lives/role models
 They understood the nature of their prophecies Any6x1=6mks
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c) Identify six problems experienced by church leaders in their work today
 Church leaders are rejected/persecuted/opposed
 They have rivalry among themselves/inferiority/superiority complex
 They experienced discrimination based on nepotism/tribalism/gender/status
 There is hypocrisy among church members/religious syncretism
 Inadequate finance/material for their work
 They encounter temptation in their work
 They encounter language barrier while spreading the word of God
 There is conflicting interpretation of the bible
 There is political interference in their work
 They are faced with competition from false prophets
 Permissiveness in the society hinders their work
 Poor infrastructure makes it difficult for them to access some areas
 Insecurity/hostility/hostile working environment
 Family commitments/work
 Negative influence of science and technology Any 6x1=6mks
5 (a) Identify six occasions when Nehemiah prayed (6mks)
 Before asking King Artaxerxes to let him go back to Judah
 When he learnt that the Jews in Judah were suffering and the temple of Jerusalem was in ruins
 When his enemies made fun of the Jews and discouraged them from building wall of Jerusalem
 When the enemies conspired to attack Jerusalem to stop the construction work
 After he condemned the leaders for oppressing the poor
 When his enemies planned to harm him
 When he was frightened by Shemaiah to hide in the temple claiming that there was a plot to kill him
 When he cleansed and reorganized the temple for worship
 After warning the people of Judah against violating the Sabbath law
 When he chased away the son in law of Sanballat
 After cleansing the Israelites of the foreign influence Any6x1=6mks
b) Describe seven leadership qualities demonstrated by Nehemiah (7mks)
 He was hardworking/committed to his work
 He faced opposition /challenges courageously
 He prayed and consulted God in all situations/faith in God
 He had a vision/foresight for the nation/Jews
 He recognized other peoples abilities/allowed them to perform different duties
 He was concerned about the life of his people/selfless services
 He was patriotic
 He made wise/firm decision in different circumstances/diplomatic/planner
 He was honest
 He served as role model/participated in rebuilding of the wall of Jerusalem
 He endured persecutions Any 7x1=7mks
c) State seven ways in which Christians observe the day of worship (7mks)
 Repenting their sins
 Going to church
 Visiting the needy
 Engaging in bible study
 Giving church contributions
 Participating in singing for the lord
 Attending fellowship
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 Reading Christian literature
 Listening to preaching
 Offering guidance and counselling services
 Solving family problems
 Resting from routine work
 Preaching to others Any7x1=7mks
6 (a)State seven factors that contributed to harmony and mutual responsibility in African
traditional society (7mks)
 Political ties/organization-this ensures peaceful coexistence among members of community as power
is shared among clan elders/leaders
 Division of labor-this is where work is shared according to a person, age gender and status and this
discourages laziness/promote hard work
 Communal worship-this where all members of the community come together for prayers and offer
sacrifices
 Rites of passages-these are ceremonies performed by community that enhances mutual understanding
and readiness to take responsibilities
 Sharing-this is where people discuss issues of important/affect the community whereby each person
does the right thing
 Leisure activities-during this time people come together to sing, dance and entertain themselves
 Communal work-this involves activities such as digging, weeding , harvesting, constructing houses
and painting which enhances mutual harmony and community cooperation 7x1=7mks
b) Outline six causes of death in traditional African communities (6mks)
 Curses
 Witchcraft
 Sorcery/magic
 Breaking of taboos
 Evil spirits
 Breaking of an oath
 Offending the ancestors/spirits/God
 Natural calamity/Diseases, floods, drought, earthquake
 Wars and raids
 Gods will/old age Any 6x1=6mks
c) List seven moral values promoted during funeral ceremonies in African traditional society
(7mks)
 Cooperation/unity/solidarity
 Responsibility
 Respect
 Obedience
 Loyalty
 Honesty
 Courage
 Love
 Faith/trust
 Hope
 Thankfulness
 Self-control
 Generosity Any7x1=7mks

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GATUNDU SOUTH EVALUATION EXAMINATION
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEME
1 a) Outline Jeremiah’s prophecies about the messiah (Jeremiah 23:5-6) (6mks)
 He will rule wisely / rule with wisdom
 He would be a righteous kind / he would do what is right and just
 He would ensure political stability
 He would be called the Lord our righteousness
 He would come from the lineage of David
 Through Him Judah would be saved
 Israel will be secure
Any (6x1=6mks
b) From the story of the early life of Jesus up to twelve years, identify seven ways through which
He is seen as coming from a poor background. (7mks)
 His father was a carpenter
 His mother was an ordinary village girl
 He was laid in a manger when He was born
 He was born in a small town of Judah/Bethlehem
 The first people to visit Him were shepherds who were lowly regarded.
 He was revealed to Simeon and Anna who were simple
 During His dedication the parents offered two turtle doves/young pigeons.
 He grew up in Nazareth, a town of low status.
Any 7x1- 7marks
c) List down seven virtues which Christians acquire while celebrating the birth of Jesus. (7mks)
 Joy/happiness
 Sharing / generosity / helpfulness / kindness
 Holiness /righteousness /purity
 Respect
 Humility
 Mercy/compassion n
 Cooperation
 Thankfulness / gratitude
 Love
 Peace Any 7 x1 =7mrks

2. a) Temptation of Jesus in the wilderness (Luke 6:1 – 13) (7mks)

 After Jesus was baptized, He was led by the Holy Spirit to the wilderness
 He ate or drinks nothing for forty days and He was hungry.
 The devil came and told Him to command a stone to turn into bread if he is the son of God.
 Jesus responded that human beings do not live on bread alone.
 The devil took Jesus to a high mountain and told Him that all worldly authority will be given to Him
if he worshipped him.
 Jesus responded by saying that only the lord God should be worshipped / served.
 The devil took Jesus to the highest point of the temple in Jerusalem. He told Jesus to throw himself
down from there.
 Jesus responded by saying that God should not be tempted / put in test. The devil left Jesus alone.
Any 7 x1 =7mrks
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b) What Christian learns about Jesus from His Baptized? (6mks)
 Jesus is prayerful
 Jesus is obedient / loyal to God
 Jesus is humble
 Jesus has human nature
 Jesus is the son of God / divine/messiah
 He is loved / pleases God
 Jesus was filled with Holy Spirit
Any 6 x1 =6mrks
c) Lessons that a Christians learn from the temptations of Jesus. (7mks)
 Christians learn that their faith can be tested / temptations are a must
 Christians should know the word of God / use the word of God to fight the doubts / temptations
brought by the devil
 Christians need the guidance of the Holy Spirit / prayer to overcome temptations in their lives.
 Christians should put God first / worship the Lord God only.
 They should stand firm / not give into temptation / be ready to overcome temptations.
 Christians learn that temptations strengthen their faith
 Christians should not use their God given power for their own material gain
 Christians should be contented with what they have.
Any 7 x1 =7mrks
3. a) Relate the triumphant entry of Jesus into Jerusalem (Luke 19: 28 – 40) (7mks)
 When Jesus came to Mt. Olives, He sent two of his disciples to a village.
 He told them to go into the opposite village where on entering they will find a colt tied on which
nobody had ridden
 He gave them instructions that if anyone ask why they are untying it , they shall say the Lord is in
need of it.
 They went and found it as He had told them
 As they were untying the colt, its owner sought to know why they were untying it.
 The disciples brought the colt to Jesus, put their garments on its back and they set Jesus upon it.
 As Jesus went along on the colt, people spread their garments on the road where He passes.
 The whole crowd of disciple’s praised/glorified God joyfully in loud voices for all the mighty works
they had seen.
 Some Pharisees in the multitude told Jesus to rebuke his disciples but he answered them that if they
keep quiet, the stones would cry out.
Any 7x1=7mks
b) State six accusations that were made against Jesus during His trial (Luke 22: 66 – 23: 1 -23)
(6mks)
 Jesus called himself Christ / Messiah
 He claimed to be the Son of God
 He was inciting people with his teaching.
 He was opposing the payment of taxes to Caesar.
 He had made himself the king of the Jews against the Roman authority.
 Jesus was stirring up the people to revolt
 He was equating himself to God / blasphemy
Any 6 x1 =6mrks

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c) Give seven lessons Christians learn from the suffering and death of Jesus. (7mks)
 Christians should have faith in God
 They should endure suffering / be ready to be rejected.
 They should forgive their enemies
 They should repent / confess their sins
 They should be obedient / loyal to God
 They should stand for the truth all the times
 Christians should sacrifice for the service of others
 They should be prayerful / pray for others
 Christians should witness / surrender to the Lordship of Christ
 Christians should be courageous / brave . Any 7 x1 =7mrks

4 a) Explain how the Unity of Believers is expressed in the concept of the bride. (7mks)
 The bride is referred to as new Jerusalem who is married to Christ
 The new Jerusalem is a bride dressed beautiful ready to meet her husband
 The bride and bridegroom relationship is a life-long union
 The destiny of the bride will emerge triumphant in the end time
 The brides patience in the union with Christ will not be in vain./God will wipe every tear from his
people eyes / there will be no death pain /mourning
 The bride will be God’s own choice / a pure bride for one husband. / God cannot tolerate any rival.
 The relationship between the bride and groom is based on faithfulness.
Any 7x1=7mks
b) Outline the teachings of Jesus on the role of the Holy Spirit. (7mks)
 He would act as a counselor /guide /comfort the disciples on spiritual matters
 He would reveal to the disciples all truth concerning God
 He would remind the disciples everything that Jesus had taught them
 He would glorify Jesus through the work of the disciples
 He was to convict people of their sins
 The spirit would continue Jesus work of forgiving sins
 He would empower the disciples to become Jesus witnesses all over the world
 He would give the disciples wisdom to discern and expose the secret hearts of sinful people
 He would help the disciples to understand Jesus as the son of God.
 He would help the disciples to understand Jesus and stay with the disciple forever
 He would replace the physical presence of Jesus and stay forever.
 He would strengthen the faith of the disciples and give them courage to face persecution.
Any 7x1=7mks
c) Identify six spiritual gifts taught by Saint Paul in the early church. (6mks)
 Wisdom
 Knowledge
 Faith
 Healing
 Working miracles
 Prophecy / preaching
 Ability to distinguish between spirits discernment
 Speaking in tongues
 Interpretation of tongues
Any 6x1=6mks

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5. a) Causes of pre-marital sex among the youth in Kenya today. (8mks)
 There is erosion of traditional / Christian values – leadings to permissiveness
 Some youth lack guidance / counseling /advice
 They are influenced by the mass media
 Influence of drug / substance abuse
 Negative peer influence pressure
 Some youth lack life skills/ human weakness
 The desire to prove manhood fertility
 Idleness / boredoms / unemployment among the youth
 Poverty /desire for money / affluence
 Fear of being rejected /desire to maintain a relationship
 Availability of contraceptive
 Some do it out of curiosity
 Poor role models
 Frustrations
Any 8x1=8mks
b) State the Christian teachings on marriage. (7mks)
 Marriage is instituted /ordained by God /sacred
 Christian marriage should be monogamous
 Marriage should be between a man and a woman
 Marriage is complete with /without children
 Marriage is for procreation /companionship
 Husband and wife should complement each other
 Marriage should be based on mutual love, respect and faithfulness
 The husband is the head in marriage and should love the wife / the wife is to submit to the husband
 Marriage unites husband and wife as one flesh
 Marriage is permanent /divorce /separations is not allowed
 Marriage partners should satisfy each other’s sexual needs /conjugal right
 It is not a must for one to marry /celibate is also acceptable
 Remarriage is allowed after the death of a partner.
Any 7x1=7mks
c) State five challenges that children from single families face in Kenya. (5mks)
 They face an identity crisis /they do not know where they belong
 They experience social stigma
 They miss the love guidance of one parent
 They may have psychological problems
 They may be denied inheritance of family wealth due to discrimination.
 They face rejections / not accepted in society
 They may lack adequate basic needs
Any 5x1=5mks

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6. a) Explain the traditional African practices that promote law, order and justice. (7mks)
 Punishment of offenders; People who committed offences such as stealing, murder, witchcraft were
punished through death, curses or paying heavy fines; this promotes law, order, justice
 Installation of rules, kings, chiefs, elders; They were installed to maintain law, order and to execute
justice in their areas of jurisdiction
 Administration of oaths; This was administered by specialists and are used as a method of
establishing and maintaining law and order
 Making of covenants’ Covenants were made if there was a conflict between two communities. They
would promise to live in peace and harmony.
 Observing of taboos and customary law; Taboos were prohibitions. Those who went against taboos
were severely punished
 The kinship system; This defined how people related one to another
 Rites of passage ensured customs, law are adhered to
 Religious practices such as praying, singing, sacrificing and giving of offerings had the effect of
maintaining order.
Any 7x1=7mks
b) State reasons why Christians are opposed to Euthanasia. (7mks)
 Life is sacred and holy and only God has the right to take it away
 It is against the ethics and eths of medical profession
 Accepting euthanasia weakens the society’s respect for life
 Some patients have recovered after a long period of coma
 Euthanasia is contrary to the teachings and work of Jesus in the preservation of human life
 Accepting euthanasia discourages medical research on vaccines that may cure various diseases.
 Those who practice it render life meaningless by destroying its sanctity
 It is equivalent to murder which is against the biblical reaching on life.
Any 7x1=7mks
c) Identify ways in which Christians can help curb desertification. (6mks)
 Practicing afforestation and reforestation programmes
 Practicing agro-forestry
 Using alternative energy sources such as solar
 Educating the public on how to preserve the environment
 Participating in environmental conservation programmes such as Green Belt Movement
 Giving financial assistance to bodies that control desertification
 Protecting all water catchments areas
 Reporting cases of forest destruction to relevant authority.

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MECS FORM FOUR END OF TERM TWO EXAM 2022.
KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 ½ Hours.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
(a) This paper consists of six questions.
(b) Answer any five questions in the answer booklet provided.
(c) Each question carries 20 marks.
(d) Candidates must answer all the questions in English.

1. a) Outline the major divisions of both the Old and New Testament. (6mks)
b) From the genesis stories of creation, outline seven teachings about human beings. (8mks)
c) Why should Christian in Kenya take care of the environment? (6mks)

2. a) Describe how God prepared the Israelites for the making of the covenant at mount Sinai (Exodus -9)
(7mks)
b) Give four differences between the Jewish and traditional African practices of circumcision.
(8mks)
c) State five ways in which Christians identify themselves in the society today. (5mks)

3. a) State seven functions of the temple in The Jewish community (7mks)

b) Explain the effects of idolatry in Israel during the time of Prophet Elijah. (6mks)
c) Give seven factors that have led to the increase of Christian denominations in Kenya today.
(7mks)
4. a) Explain four categories of true prophets in the Old Testament. (8mks)
b) State six ways in which God would punish Israel for her evils according to prophet Amos.(6mks)
c) How does the church in Kenya punish errant members (6mks)

5. a) In what ways did Prophet Jeremiah suffer while carrying out his work in Judah (6mks)
b) Identify seven occasions when Nehemiah prayed. (7mks)
c) State the importance of prayer in the life of a Christian. (8mks)

6. a) State ways in which people in traditional African communities communicated with God. (5mks)
b) Give eight reasons for singing and dancing during initiation ceremonies in Traditional African
communities. (8mks)
c) Outline reasons why witchcraft is feared in traditional African community. (7mks)

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MECS FORM FOUR END OF TERM TWO EXAM 2022.
KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 ½ Hours.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
a) This paper consists of six questions.
b) Answer any five questions
c) Each question carries 20 marks.
d) Candidates should answer the questions in English.

1. a) Outline the Jewish expectations concerning the Messiah. (6mks)

b) With the reference of the incidence when Jesus was dedicated to God at the age of 8 days.
Luke 2:22-40. Outline what Simeon and Anna revealed about his life and mission. (7mks)
c) State seven lessons Christians learn from the incident when Jesus was dedicated. (7mks)

2. a) Outline five teaching of John the Baptist on Justice. (5mks)

b) Give an account of the transfiguration as recorded in Luke 9:28-36. (8mks)
c) State seven lessons that Christians learn from the transfiguration of Jesus. (7mks)

3. a) Narrate the parable of the shrewd manager Luke 16:1-33. (7mks)

b) State seven cause of conflict between Jesus and the Jewish leader in Jerusalem. (7mks)
c) Outline six ways in which parents can resolve misunderstanding with their children. (6mks)

4. a) Give seven reasons why Jesus sent the Holy Spirit to the disciples after his ascension. (7mks)
b) Describe how the unity of believers is expressed in the body of Christ. (8mks)
c) How can the church in Kenya help to bring about the unity in the country? (5mks)

5. a) Explain the Christian attitudes towards human sexuality. (7mks)

b) Identify six ways in which sex is abused in Kenya today. (6mks)
c) State reasons why minors are sexually abused in Kenya today. (7mks)

6. a) Outline six teachings of Jesus on wealth. (6mks)

b) State the rights of a citizen in Kenya today. (7mks)
c) List seven ways through which the church is rehabilitating wrongdoers in Kenya today. (7mks)

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MECS FORM FOUR END OF TERM TWO EXAM 2022.
KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME

1. a) Outline the major divisions of both the Old and New Testament. (6 marks)
i) Law books
ii) Historical books
iii) Prophetic books
iv) Poetic books
v) Gospel books
vi) Epistle/ letters 6 x 1=6mks
b) From the genesis stories of creation, outline seven teachings about human beings. (8 marks)
i) Human beings are created in n the image and likeness of God.
ii) Human beings have dominion and authority over creation.
iii) They fellowship with God.
iv) They are special creation of God.
v) They have a special place to stay; Garden of Eden.
vi) Man and woman provide companionship to each other.
vii) Human beings are to procreate through marriage.
viii) They are to take care of God's creation.
ix) They are to use God's creation for their benefits.
x) They have the ability to make decisions in their lives. 1 x 8=8mks
c) Why should Christian in Kenya take care of the environment? (6mks)
I. Christians take care of the environment in n obedience to Gods commands.
II. In order to maintain its beauty
III. to preserve and maintain the natural habitat for God's creation.
IV. Environment is the source of food, medicine and shelter.
V. In order to preserve it for future generation.
VI. Promote a healthy surrounding.
VII. To attract tourists for economic and national development. (6x1=6 marks)

2 . a) Describe how God prepared the Israelites for the making of the covenant at Mount Sinai
(Exodus 9). (7mks)
i) God told Moses to remind the people of Israel of how he had brought them out of Egypt.
ii) God told Moses that He wanted to make Israel a kingdom of priests.
iii) Moses called all the elders and told them what God had said.
iv) God told Moses that he wanted the Israelites to obey him.
v) The Israelites promised to do all that the Lord had said.
vi) God promised to come down and meet with people on the third day.
vii) People were instructed to consecrate themselves by washing their garments.
viii) People were to abstain from sexual relationships.
ix) On the third day, there was a thick cloud, a loud trumpet blast and an earthquake on the mountain.
x) Moses brought people out of the camp to meet God. People stood at the foot of the mountain.
(7x1 = 7 marks)
b) Give four differences between the Jewish and traditional African practices of circumcision.
(8 marks)
I. In Jewish Community, circumcision is for male only whereas in j African practices, it is for male
and female.
II. Among the Jews, circumcision is performed on babies of eight days old whereas in traditional
African communities, it is done for adolescents.
III. In African communities, circumcision is carried out during specific seasons while among Jews, it is

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continuous.
IV. It is a communal practice among African communities, but only members of the immediate family
participate among Jews.
V. Circumcision is a strictly religious ritual among the Jews whereas among Africans, it is both a
cultural and religious ritual.
VI. Jewish circumcision is a test of faith and commitment to God. However, African circumcision is a
test of courage, bravery and endurance.
VII. In Jews there was no seclusion period after circumcision while seclusion was compulsory among
Africans. (4x2=8 marks)
c) State five ways in which Christians identify themselves in the society today. (5marks)
i) Christians wear specific design of clothes.
ii) They abstain from eating some kinds of food.
iii) They make personal testimonies.
iv) They own specific Bible versions and other Christian literature.
v) They wear the rosary and badges.
vi) They have special way of greeting or salutation, for instance, praise the Lord.
vii) Use of different church architectural church designs.
viii) Through their way of worship.
ix) Through different titles such as apostle, evangelist and bishop. (5x1= 5 marks)

3 a) State seven functions of the temple in The Jewish community (7 marks)

I. It symbolized Gods presence among his people through the Ark of the Covenant which was kept i n
the temple.
II. It was a dwelling place of God.
III. It was a house of worship and prayer.
IV. It was a place where all the first-born children were dedicated to God.
V. All the Jewish religious festivals or feasts such as the Passover and Pentecost were celebrated i n the
temple.
VI. The temple was a training place for the Jewish religious teacher.
VII. The temple was the place where the prophets and priests lived.
VIII. The temple was the only place where sacrifices to God were offered by the priests.
IX. The temple was the place where all rites of purification were carried out.
X. It was used as a law-court by the council of Jewish religious leaders called the Sanhedrin.
XI. Religious ceremonies like naming and circumcision of baby boys took.
7 x 1=7mks
b) Explain the effects of idolatry in Israel during the time of Prophet Elijah. 6 marks
i) It led to development of syncretism.
ii) Former places of worship for Canaanite gods were turned into places of worship for Yahweh
iii) Queen Jezebel ordered for destruction of the alters of Yahweh.
iv) Prophets of Yahweh were killed and prosecuted; the remaining loyal followers of God were driven
into hiding.
v) The 450 prophets of Baal were made the officials of the royal court in order to promote and protect
the Baal religion.
vi) Parents begun naming their children after Baal,
vii) Names of Canaanite gods were also used for Yahweh, for example, EL, the name of the father of all
gods was applied to Yahweh.
viii) Canaanite agricultural calendar was adopted by Israel for the timing of the pilgrimage festival.
(6x1= 6 marks)
c) Give seven factors that have led to the increase of Christian denominations in Kenya today. (7
marks)
I. Rivalry for leadership in churches.
II. Differences in biblical interpretations.
III. Resistance to change by older church members.
IV. Material gain has made some people start churches for business purposes.

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V. Lack of spiritual satisfaction by some members.
VI. Lack of good role models.
VII. Desire to be free from missionary control.
VIII. Differences in the mode of worship and ritual observance 7 x 1=7mks

4 a) Explain four categories of true prophets in the Old Testament. (8 marks)

i) Canonical prophets; they are prophets whose utterances are recorded| in books that bear their names.
ii) Non-canonical prophets; they are prophets whose messages have been compiled by other authors.
iii) Cultic/ early prophets; they are prophets whose duties were associated| with places of worship.
iv) Professional prophets/prophetic guild/court prophets; they earned their living through prophecy,
advising kings and serving as court clerks. (4x2=8 marks)
b) State six ways in which God would punish Israel for her evils according to prophet Amos.
(6 marks)
I. Israelites would be taken to exile.
II. Amaziah, the priest and the king would die by the sword.
III. The land would be conquered by a foreign nation.
IV. The Holy places of worship would be destroyed.
V. God would cover the land with earthquakes.
VI. God will send fire upon Judah and it would destroy its strongholds.
VII. There will be famine of the word of God.
VIII. God will cover the land with total darkness. (6x1=6 marks)
c) How does the church in Kenya punish errant members (6 marks)
i) The church suspends them.
ii) It denies them participation in the church activities/rituals.
iii) They may be denied leadership positions or demoted.
iv) They may be publicly condemned/asked to repent/apologize.
v) They may be warned.
vi) Some may be transferred to difficult areas.
vii) They may be sacked from the job.
viii) They may be excommunicated.
ix) They may be charged a fine. (6x1=6 marks)

5 a) In what ways did Prophet Jeremiah suffer while carrying out his work in Judah (6 marks)
I. He was falsely accused of blasphemy.
II. He was rejected by his own close relatives.
III. He was threatened with death because of speaking for God.
IV. Lived a lonely life.
V. He went through spiritual struggle as he saw the wicked prosper while the righteous suffer.
VI. He was physically assaulted.
VII. He was humiliated in public and mocked. (6x1=6 marks)
b) Identify seven occasions when Nehemiah prayed. (7 marks)
i) When he learnt about the suffering of the Jews back i n Judah and the ruined state of Jerusalem.
ii) Before making his request to king Artaxerxes to be permitted to return back to Judah.
iii) When his enemies ridiculed the Jews to discourage them from rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem.
iv) When he learnt about the conspiracy by his enemies to stop the construction work
v) After his condemnation of oppression of the poor, Nehemiah prayed asking God to reward him
vi) When his enemies planned to kill him
vii) When Shemaiah attempted to frighten him to hide in the Temple claiming there was a plot to kill
him.
viii) When he cleansed and organized the Temple liturgy for its proper use as the house of God.
ix) After warning the people of Judah against violating the Sabbath law.
x) After chasing away the son-in-Law of Sanballat the Horonite.
xi) After cleansing the Israelites of foreign influence. (8x1=8 marks)
c) State the importance of prayer in the life of a Christian. (8 marks)

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i) Through prayer Christians express their faith in God.
ii) Christians praise God for His greatness and goodness in prayer
iii) Christians enter into a relationship with God through prayer.
iv) Christians request for their needs through prayer.
v) Christians ask God for forgiveness through prayers.
vi) Communal or public prayers bring us together as believers of Christ.
vii) Christians express their thanksgiving to God through prayer.
viii) Prayer enables Christians to overcome difficulties and distress,
ix) Prayers enable Christians to listen to God and express His will.
(5x1=5 marks)

6. a State ways in which people in traditional African communities communicated with God (5mks)
i) They make sacrifices to God.
ii) They sing/dance for God.
iii) They say prayers to God.
iv) Through charting/recitation.
v) They give offerings.
vi) Through burning incense.
(5 × 1 = 5 marks)

(b) Give eight reasons for singing and dancing during initiation ceremonies in Traditional African
communities.
i) The songs inform the participants of the history of the community.
ii) They provide an opportunity for the members to socialize
iii) It diverts the initiates minds from the impending pain.
iv) The songs teach participants important moral values.
v) The songs educate the participants gender roles/relationships.
vi) Through singing and dancing the members exercise their bodies.
vii) The songs encourage the initiates to face the challenge/rebuke cowardice.
viii) It exposes those with leadership qualities/skills/talents.
ix) They are used to mark the various stages of the initiation ceremonies.
x) It is a forum of prayer for the initiatives/drive away evil spirits.
xi) Singing and dancing is a form of entertainment.
(8 x 1 = 8 marks)
(c) Outline reasons why witchcraft is feared in traditional African community.
i) Witchcraft leads to death/destruction.
ii) It is the work of the evil spirits.
iii) It leads to poverty/loss of property.
iv) It involves cheating/telling lies.
v) In some cases people are forced to leave their homes/migrate to other places.
vi) It can lead to break up of families.
vii) A person can be banished/made an outcast.
viii) Witchcraft causes suspension/hatred/mistrust amongst the people.
ix) It leads to underdevelopment
x) It can cause physical/psychological injury.
xi) It can cause embarrassment to an individual/family.
(7 x 1 = 7 marks)

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 Christian Religious Education
MECS FORM FOUR END OF TERM TWO EXAM 2022.
KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEME
1. a) The Jewish expectations concerning the Messiah. (6mks)
i) They expected a messiah from a royal family/ lineage of David
ii) They expected a political messiah who would overthrow the Roman rulers/ a political leader.
iii) They expected a political messiah who would rule the world from Jerusalem and receive homage
from all nations of the earth
iv) They expected a political messiah who would establish an earthly kingdom
v) They expected a political messiah who would not associate with poor sinners and gentiles
vi) They expected a political messiah who uphold Judaism
vii) They expected a political messiah who would be for the Jews only
viii) They expected the messiah to come after the return of prophet Elijah
ix) They expected the messiah who would perform miracles.
x) They expected the messiah who would convert Jerusalem to be center of rule/political center.
Any 6 x 1=6mks
d) With the reference of the incidence when Jesus was dedicated to God at the age of 8 days Luke
2:22-40. Outline what Simeon and Anna revealed about his life and mission. (7mks)
i) Jesus would save people
ii) He would bring glory to Israel
iii) He would be light for salvation to the gentles
iv) He would be universal savior / he would save the whole world
v) He would bring judgment to the Israel
vi) He would reveal secret thought of many hearts
vii) He would be the source of redemption for Jerusalem.
viii) He would be set for the rising and falling of Israel.
Any 7 x 1=7mks
e) Seven lessons Christians learn from the incident when Jesus was dedicated. (7mks)
i) Christian should be righteous before God in order to experience Him in their lives
ii) Christians should thank God for blessings them
iii) They should trust/ have faith in God
iv) Christians should reach out to all people/ preach salvation to them.
v) Christians should be devoted in their worship of God regardless of the challenges they face
vi) Christians should dedicate their children to God / fulfill the church obligation.
vii) Christians should show compassion to the needy in the society.
First 7 x 1=7mks

2. a) Outline five teaching of John the Baptist on Justice. (5mks)

i) He taught on repentance and the forgiveness of sins
ii) He taught on sharing with the needy
iii) He taught on being just to others / not misusing their authority
iv) He taught on being contented with what one had
v) Ha taught against accusing others falsely
vi) He condemned the act of Herod of taking his brothers’ wife
vii) He taught on God’s punishment to the sinners. First 5 x 1=5mks
d) An account of the transfiguration as recorded in Luke 9:28-36. (8mks)
i) Jesus went with Peter, John and James up on the mountain to pray.
ii) As Jesus was praying, the appearance of his face changed his clothes became dazzling white
iii) Moses and Elijah appeared and started talking with Him about His departure, which he was to
accomplish at Jerusalem.
iv) The disciples were asleep

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v) When they woke up, they saw Jesus’ glory and the two men who stood with him.
vi) As the men were parting from him, Peter suggested to Jesus that they should make three booths, one
for Jesus, and the others for Moses an Elijah. Peter was not aware of what he was saying.
vii) A cloud came and overshadowed them and they were afraid as they entered the cloud.
viii) A voice came from the cloud saying “this is my son, my chosen, listen to Him.”
ix) Jesus was left alone
x) They kept silence and told no one in those days anything of what they had seen.
Any 8 x 1=8mks
e) Seven lessons that Christians learnt from the transfiguration of Jesus. (7mks)
i) Christians learn that Jesus is the son of God/ Holy
ii) They should always be alert
iii) They should not be selfish / share God’s secrets with others
iv) It teaches that Jesus was a fulfilment of the Old Testaments law/ prophecies
v) They should be prayerful
vi) They learnt that Jesus is the Messiah foretold by the old testament prophets
vii) They should enter the presence of God with great respect /reverence
viii) They should learn to endure suffering
ix) They should live with hope knowing that there is life after death
x) They should be slow to speak/ learn more about Christ before they speak.
First 7 x 1=7mks

3. a) The parable of the shrewd manager Luke 16:1-33. (7mks)

i) There was a rich man who had a steward. He received charges that the steward was wasting his
goods.
ii) He called him what he was hearing about him. He told him to turn in account of his stewardship for
he could no longer be steward.
iii) The steward asked himself what he would do since his master was taking the stewardship away from
him.
iv) He was not strong enough to dig and was ashamed to beg.
v) He decided what to do so that people may receive him into their house when he is out of the
stewardship
vi) He was to summon his masters’ debtors one by one. He went to the first one and asked him how
much he owned his master. The debtor said a hundred measures of oil, which he was told to write
fifty.
vii) He asked another how much he owned his master. He said a hundred measures of wheat he was told
to write eighty
viii) The master commended the dishonest steward for his shrewdness for the sons of his world are
shrewder in dealing with their own generation that the ones light.
Any 7 x 1=7mks
d) Seven causes of conflict between Jesus and the Jewish leader in Jerusalem. (7mks)
i) They questioned the authority Jesus was using to teach Lk 20:1-8.
ii) Jesus accused them of persecuting and rejecting Gods servants in the parable of tenants. Lk 20:9-18.
iii) They had conflict on the issue of whether to pay taxes to cease or not. Lk 20:19-26
iv) The question on resurrection by the Sadducees on Levites marriage. Lk 20:27-39
v) He claimed to be the messiah and said that even David called Him Lord in the book of Psalms Lk
20:4-44
vi) Jesus openly condemned the hypocrisy of the Jewish leader Lk 20:45-47
vii) Jesus prophesied the destruction of temple of Jerusalem
viii) He condemned the offerings of the rich Jewish leaders, which were meant to show off, but praised
the widows’ offerings, which was made out of self-sacrifice Lk 21:1.
First 7 x 1=7mks

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e) Six ways in which parents can resolve misunderstanding with their children. (6mks)
i) Allowing dialogue
ii) Listening to their views
iii) Presenting them with the correct, picture of the situation
iv) Setting a good example to them
v) Giving them appropriate time for leisure activities
vi) Seeking help from church leaders
vii) Guiding them on how to choose friends
viii) Advising them on the right moral values
ix) Praying for and with them to bring about understanding
x) Committing the children to God’s will
xi) Discussing the problem with their friends and relatives
First 6 x 1=6mks

4. a) Seven reasons why Jesus sent the Holy Spirit to the disciples after his ascension. (7mks)
i) The holy spirit would comfort the disciples
ii) He was to counsel the disciples
iii) He would guide the disciples on what is right / gods righteousness
iv) He was to convict people of their sins
v) He was to show disciples on what is right
vi) He was to reveal the future / enable the disciples to prophets / God’s will
vii) He would glorify Jesus through the work of the disciples
viii) He would enable the disciples to witness Christ throughout the world
ix) He would replace the physical presence of Jesus
x) He would empower the disciples to be able to speak with courage
First 7 x 1=7mks
d) How the unity of believers is expressed in the body of Christ. (8mks)
i) St Paul describes the believers as the body of Christ
ii) Christ is the head of the church
iii) The believers form parts of the body
iv) The body has different organs, in the same way the church has different members
v) They all need to work together for the well-being of the church
vi) Every part of the body is needed to make it whole/ all parts interdependent / one part cannot be
without the other
vii) The different church members are given different spiritual gifts by the holy spirit to carry out God’s
work
viii) Believers are united through baptism in the Holy Spirit.
Any 4 x 2=8mks
e) The church in Kenya help to bring about the unity in the country. (5mks)
i) Assisting the government in developing a school curriculum that teaches about patriotism
ii) Advocating for peaceful co-existence among Kenyans
iii) Fighting corruption, discrimination, tribalism, nepotism and all forms of favourism
iv) Acting as a voice of reason among the ruling political class demanding their unity as a government
v) Assisting the less fortunate in the society thus fighting disparity
vi) Condemning and reporting to the relevant authorized groups that bring disharmony in the society
vii) Developing joint rallies, prayers and reconciliatory meetings together.
viii) Forgiving one another to avoid disunity
ix) Obeying church rules/ leaders
x) Chastity is a virtue
Any 7 x 1=7mks

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5. a) The Christian attitudes towards human sexuality. (7mks)
i) Sex is sacred
ii) Man and woman are for companionship
iii) Both man and woman are equal before God
iv) It is for procreation
v) Man and woman are complementary
vi) Man and woman were created in the image of God
vii) They became one in marriage
viii) Human beings have the ability to control sexual desire
ix) All forms of irresponsible sex are condemned
x) Chastity is a virtue
Any 7 x 1=7mks
d) Six ways in which sex is abused in Kenya today. (6mks)
i) Sex before marriage / fornication/ pre-marital sex
ii) Sex outside marriage / adultery
iii) Prostitution
iv) Bestiality
v) Homosexuality/ lesbianism/ sodomy/oral sex
vi) Pornographic literature/mass media using of technological devices in sex
vii) Incest
viii) Masturbation
ix) Rape /defilement of minors
Any 6 x 1=6mks
e) Discus reasons why minors are sexually abused in Kenya today. (7mks)
i) Permissiveness
ii) Lack of self-control
iii) Influence of the mass media
iv) Mental illness / stress/ drug and substance influence
v) Erosion of the African culture moral value
vi) False religious / devil worship /strange cults
vii) To avenge for oneself
viii) Breakdown of religious values
ix) Irresponsible parenthood
x) Indecent dressing
xi) Leniency of the law
xii) Idleness
xiii) Poverty / unemployment
Any 7 x 1=7mks
6. a) Six teachings of Jesus on wealth. (6mks)
i) wealth should be acquired in the right manner
ii) wealth is a gift from God/ God given
iii) wealth should be used to serve God/expand God’s kingdom
iv) those who have wealth are only steward
v) those who are wealth should share it with others / help the needy / poor
vi) poverty is not a result of sin/ the poor can only enjoy God’s blessings
vii) wealth can be hindrance for one to enter in the kingdom of God
viii) one cannot serve God and money / wealth
ix) Wealth cannot satisfy all human needs/cannot answer human quest for salvation.
x) Those who have wealth, should avoid extravagance/ luxury
xi) Earthly wealth / possession is temporary
xii) Those who have wealth should use it responsibly
Any 6 x 1=6mks

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d) The rights of a citizen in Kenya today. (7mks)
i) Right to life
ii) Right to have basic needs
iii) Right to receive education
iv) Right to marry
v) Right to have freedom of association
vi) Right to freedom of speech
vii) Right to own property
viii) Freedom to worship
ix) Right to liberty / movement
x) Right to work/earn a living
xi) Right to medical care/health
xii) Right to security /protection by law
xiii) Freedom of conscience/ right to vote

Any 7 x 1=7mks
e) Seven ways through which the church is rehabilitating wrongdoers in Kenya today. (7mks)
i. Accepting / welcoming them as members of the church
ii. Involving them in church activities like choir
iii. Preaching to them
iv. Visiting them
v. Building homes where the rejected can stay
vi. Providing guidance and counselling for them
vii. Appealing / asking their family members to accept them
viii. Providing them with materials supplies/funds
ix. Providing them with job / employment / giving self-income generating projects
x. Providing them with training / skills for self-reliance, carpentry tailoring, masonry
xi. Praying with them or for them / intercede on their behalf
xii. Providing recreation activities to engage them / cut down on idleness.
First 7 x 1=7mks

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BARINGO NORTH JOINT EVALUATION
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Paper 1
August 2022
Time: 2 ½ Hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
- Answer any five questions.
- Each question carries 20 marks.

1. a) Identify Seven literary forms employed in writing the Bible. (7 mks)

b) Outline the responsibilities given to human beings by God in the Genesis stories of creation.
(7 mks)
c) State six lessons that Christians learn about Work from the Genesis stories of creation. (6 mks)

2. a) Give seven Reasons Why God called Abraham. (7 mks)

b) Identify four promises God made to Abraham and how they were fulfilled. (8 mks)
c) What is the relevance of the Ten plaques to both the Jesus & Egyptians? (5 mks)

3. a) State the failure of King Saul. (6 mks)

b) In what ways did King David promote the worship of Yahweh? (7 mks)
c) Give seven factors that affect the true worship of God today. (7 mks)

4 a) State seven roles of prophets in the Old Testament. (7 mks)

b) Explain three categories of true prophets in the Old Testament. (6 mks)
c) How can Christians assist the church leaders to perform their duties effectively? (7 mks)

5 a) Outline the suffering of Jeremiah during his prophetic Ministry. (6 mks)

b) State four promises that the Israelites made when they renewed their covenant with God during the
time of Nehemiah. (Nehemiah 10:28-20) (8 mks)
c) State the importance of prayer in the life of a Christian. (6 mks)

6. a) State the traditional African understanding of Spirits. (5 mks)

b) Outline ways through which a marriage partner is chosen in traditional African communities.
(8 mks)
c) Give seven changes that are taking place in property ownership in Traditional African communities.
(7 mks)

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BARINGO NORTH JOINT EVALUATION
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Paper 1
313/1
MARKING SCHEME

1. a) Literary forms employed during the writing of the Bible.

i) Legislative texts
ii) Wise sayings
iii) Prophetic speeches
iv) Prayers
v) Love songs
vi) Philosophical essays
vii) Religious epics
viii) Epistles
ix) Gospels 7 x 1 = 7 mks
b) Responsibilities given to human beings by God in the Genesis stories of creation.
i) To rule over the rest of creation
ii) To procreate and fill the earth.
iii) To name the animals and birds.
iv) To guard the garden and fill it.
v) To eat the fruits of the garden.
vi) To conserve and preserve the environment
vii) To obey God’s commands
viii) To worship God the creator. 7 x 1 = 7 mks
c) Lessons about work from the Genesis stories of creation
i) Work is ordained by God for He worked for six days during creation
ii) Work is good because after completion of each piece of work, God appreciated saying” it is good”
iii) Work is to be enjoyed.
iv) Work should be done in an orderly manner.
v) Through work, human beings are able to continue with God’s plan of creation.
vi) Work bears good fruits.
vii) Work is a necessary activity as it enables one to earn a living.
viii) Work is a duty as human beings were commanded to work by God.
ix) Human beings should co-operate and have a team spirit when working as reflected in x) The creation
of male and female by the Holy Trinity
xii) Human beings should be committed to work.
xiii) Rest is important. 6 x 1 = 6 mks

2 a) Reasons why God called Abraham

i) To reveal himself to His people
ii) To begin his plan of salvation
iii) To teach people the meaning of faith
iv) So as to be the founder of God’s chosen people
v) To teach him about His (God) nature
vi) To given him the land of Canaan
vii) To separate him from idol worshipping
viii) To begin the worship of One God. 7 x 1 = 7 mks
b) Promises God made to Abraham and how they were fulfilled
i) God would give Abraham and his descendants a land of their own; they were given the land of
Canaan.
ii) God would give him many descendants. – indeed, his descendants were many even Christians today.

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iii) God would bless him – he was blessed with many descendants and a lot of wealth.
iv) God would protect him – he protected him on his way from Haran to Canaan and even when he was
in Egypt.
v) God would give him a son – he was blessed with Isaac.
vi) His descendants would suffer slavery – the Israelites were under Egyptian bondage for 500 years
and He saved them through Moses.
vii) Abraham would die in peace and at old age – he died peacefully at an old age of 120 years.
viii) He would make some of his descendants kings – he made his descendants like David and Solomon
kings.
ix) God would bless all nations through Abraham – Jesus brought blessings to all
Any 4 x 2 = 8 mks
c) Significance of the plagues to both the Jews and the Egyptians.
i) They proved that Yahweh was more powerful than the Egyptian gods.
ii) They showed that Yahweh was aware of the afflictions of the Israelites
iii) They showed that Yahweh was determined to fulfil His promises.
iv) They proved that Yahweh was working through Moses.
v) God’s presence was manifested in the form of plagues and nobody would doubt his presence.
vi) They softened the heart of the pharaoh to release the Israelites.
vii) They made the Israelites have faith in God and Moses
viii) They taught them on obedience. 5 x 1 = 5 mks

3 a) Failure of King Saul

i) Saul demonstrated impatience in his leadership i.e he went a head to offer sacrifices to God instead
of waiting for Samuel.
ii) He failed to obey God’s instructions to destroy everything and spared King Agag of the Amalekits.
iii) Saul became jealous and plotted to kill David when he learned that he had been chosen to be the next
king of Israel.
iv) He consulted a medium so as to communicate with the spirit of Samuel who died, thus breaking the
Mosaic Law which forbade divination.
v) He committed suicide when he realized that the philistines would defeat them in battle. This was a
sin against God.
vi) He was not repentant of his mistakes.
vii) He took the best sheep and cattle from the Amalekites for self-gain; he cheated Samuel that he
wanted to offer the animals as sacrifice to God. (6 mks)
b) Ways in which King David promoted the worship of Yahweh
i) David brought the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem. This signified God’s presence among the
people
ii) He made Jerusalem the holy religious city.
iii) He composed the psalms which were used in worship by the Israelites
iv) He showed respect to the prophets of Yahweh
v) When David did mistakes, he humbly repented.
vi) He advised the Israelites to obey God’s commandments.
vii) David constantly prayed to God and in so doing acted as an example to the Israelites.
viii) David praised God through songs and dance
ix) David wanted to build a temple for God where the Ark of the convent would be kept.
(7 x 1 = 7 marks)
c) Factors that affect the true worship of God today.
i) Devil worship
ii) Practice of witchcraft, sorcery, magic and divination
iii) Career and employment
iv) Love for money
v) Peer pressure/selfishness
vi) Love for worldly pleasure
vii) Sexual immorality

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viii) Poverty
ix) Lack of religious and moral teachings
x) Greed for power and authority
xi) Ignorance and illiteracy. 7 x1 = 7 mks

4 a) The roles of prophets in the Old Testament.

i) They spoke on behalf of God/God’s messenger’s/mouth pieces
ii) They foretold the future events
iii) They guided/ counselled the kings
iv) They called people back to repentance/gave messages of hope
v) They reminded the people about the covenant.
vi) They condemned the evil in society
vii) They warmed the people of God’s judgment.
viii) They made the people understand the nature of God
ix) They offered sacrifices to God and anointed kings.
x) They interpreted the vision dreams from God/current events. 7 x 1 = 7 mkd
b) Categories of true prophets in the Old Testament.
i) Major prophets – their messages/book/are elaborate
ii) Minor prophets – they have short/brief messages
iii) Canonical prophets – they are prophets whose utterances are recorded in books that bear their names
iv) Non – canonical prophets – they are prophets whose oracles/ messages have been compiled by other
authors.
v) Cultic/ prophets – they are prophets whose duties were associated with cultic/early worship.
vi) Early prophets were sent by God for specific tasks e.g. Moses. 6 x 1 = 7 mks
c) How Christians assist the church leaders to perform their duties effectively.
i) Giving financial/materials help
ii) Advising/counselling them on various issues
iii) Encouraging them in their work
iv) Participating fully in church activities/functions
v) Giving tithes and offerings faithfully
vi) Praying for them
vii) Respecting them
viii) Practicing/obeying the word of God
ix) Defending them against unfair criticism
x) Providing training opportunities for them. 6 x 1 = 6 mks

5. a) The suffering of prophet Jeremiah during his ministry.

i) He was rejected by his own family/relatives
ii) People made false accusations against him
iii) He was threatened with death because of speaking for God
iv) He lived a lonely solitary life/was commanded to neither marry nor attend any social gathering.
v) His message was rejected by the Israelites.
vi) He went through spiritual struggle as he saw the evil prosper while the righteous suffered
vii) He was physically assaulted/beaten
viii) The enemies attempted to kill him. Mocked
ix) He was imprisoned /jailed.
x) He was arrested and put on trial. 6 x 1 = 6 mks
b) Promises that the Israelites made when they renewed their covenant with God during the
time of Nehemiah (Nehemiah 10:28- 29)
i) They were to live according to Gods/law obey all his
ii) They would not intermarry with the foreigners living in their land
iii) They promised not to farm every seventh year/they were to cancel all the debts
iv) They would make an annual contribution towards temple expenses /not to neglect the house of
God.

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v) They were to provide wood for burnt sacrifices
vi) They were to offer the first fruits of their harvest/dedicated their first-born sons/flocks as required
by the law.
vii) They would pay their tithes in accordance with the law
viii) They will not do any business on the Sabbath day. (Any 4 x 2 = 8 mks)
c) Importance of prayer in the life of a Christian.
i) Prayer is a way of communicating with God/fellowship with God
ii) Through prayer Christian faith in God is strengthened.
iii) Christians have opportunity to confess/seek for forgiveness through prayer
iv) Through prayer Christians thank God for blessings received.
v) Christians ask/petitions. God for their needs through prayer.
vi) They use prayer to intercede/show concern for others.
vii) Prayers are made in obedience to the teaching of Jesus/the Bible
viii) It is a way of emulating the example set by Jesus/the early church
ix) Christian’s praise/adore God through prayer
x) Prayer promotes unity among believers. 6 x 1 = 6 mks

6. a) Traditional African understanding of spirts.

i) Spirits are invisible /do not have a physical form
ii) Spirits are more powerful than human beings
iii) They are believed to be residing in caves/rives/ trees /rocks
iv) Spirits can acquire physical forms/appear to human beings inform of birds /animals
v) Spirits have the ability to enter human beings and through them to convey messages/reveal certain
truths
vi) Spirits act as mediators between God and human beings
vii) Spirits change according to circumstances /they can bring either harm or good to people.
5 x 1 = mks
b) Ways through which a marriage partner is chosen in traditional African communities.
i) A relative/mediator/identifies a girl from a family and suggested to the of the family of the young
man.
ii) Parents make the decision for children when still young.
iii) Parents of the boy visits the parents of a girl to ask for her hand in marriage.
iv) The young people could court and choose who to marry
v) The first wife chooses a girl for her husband.
vi) The young man and his age-mates waylay a girl and take her away for marriage.
vii) Bride-price could be paid to a family well in advance
viii) A young girl can be given as gift to another family
ix) Some exchange the girls from the two families.
x) One could inherit a brother’s wife
xi) A young girl could be given a way of settling a dispute/replace one who had died/setting debts.
8 x 1 = 8 mks
c) Changes taking place on property ownership in traditional African communities
i) women/children can now own property
ii) wealth is no longer determined by the number of wives/children.
iii) The introduction of money economy had reduced the value attached to land
iv) The roles of elders in sharing of property had been eroded.
v) Land is individually owned through the issuance of title deeds.
vi) People write wills to share /decide who should inherit their property.
vii) Property can be owned outside one’s ancestral home
viii) Land can now be sold/auctioned.
7 x 1 = 7 mks

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BARINGO NORTH JOINT EVALUATION
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Paper 2
MARKING SCHEME

1. a) The Jewish expectations about the Messiah.

i) They expected a political leader who would overthrow their colonial rulers, the Romans.
ii) The Messiah would rule the world from Jerusalem and receive homage from all nations of the earth.
iii) Jerusalem would be the new political centre of the world.
iv) He would uphold Judaism.
v) He would have God’s spirit to perform miracles.
vi) The Messianic Kingdom would be accomplished through God’s judgement on Israel’s enemies.
vii) He would be a descendant of David.
viii) He would come after the return of Elijah.
ix) He would not associate with the poor, the Gentiles and sinners.
x) Cosmic signs would precede the arrival of the Messiah. 7 x 1 = 7 mks
b) Qualities that Jesus portrayed when He accompanied his parents to the temple at the age of
twelve.
i) He was obedient.
ii) He was courageous
iii) He was knowledgeable and intelligent
iv) He was respectful
v) He was cooperative
vi) He was honest
vii) He was patient
viii) He was assertive and independent.
ix) He was social
x) He was inquisitive 7 x 1 = 7 mks
c) Lessons that Christians learn from the incident when Jesus was left behind by his parents at
the temple.
i) parents should be concerned about the whereabouts of their children.
ii) Children should be taught the word of God.
iii) There should be communication among family members and inform another of their whereabouts.
iv) Christians should accommodate the views of the youth
v) Christians should exercise tolerance and forgiveness
vi) Christians should give God first priority as Jesus did.
vii) Christians learn that Jesus is the son of God. 6 x 1 = 6 mks

2 a) Temptation of Jesus in the wilderness (Luke4:1-13)

i) Jesus ate nothing for forty days /was hungry.
ii) The devil told Jesus to command a stone to turn into bread if he is the son of God.
iii) Jesus responded that human beings do not live on bread alone
iv) Then the devil led Jesus to a high place/showed him all the kingdoms of the world.
v) The devil told Jesus that he would give him all worldly authority/glory if the worshipped him.
vi) Jesus responded by saying that only the Lord God should be worshipped /served.
vii) The devil took Jesus to the highest point of the temple in Jerusalem/pinnacle
viii) The devil told Jesus to throw himself down from there.
ix) Jesus responded by saying that God should not be tempted/put to test. 7 x 1 = 7 mks
b) The call of the first disciples of Jesus. (Luke 5: 1-11)
i) Jesus was standing by the lake of Gennesaret
ii) He saw two boats without the fishermen
iii) He entered Simon’s boat/asked him to push it into the water.

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iv) He sat down/taught people from the boat.
v) He asked – Simon to push the boat into the deep water /cast the nets for catch.
vi) Simon told Jesus that they had been fishing the whole night without success.
vii) They finally accepted to lower the nets.
viii) They caught a lot of fish/asked their partners in the other boat to assist them remove the nets.
ix) Simon peter and his companions were astonished at the miraculous catch of fish/peter asked Jesus
to depart from the him because he was a sinful man.
x) Jesus told peter not be afraid because he was to catch men form then.
xi) They brought their boats to land, left everything and followed Jesus. 8 x 1 = 8 mks
c) Lessons that Christians learn from the transfiguration of Jesus.
i) Christians learn that Jesus is the son of God/holy
ii) They should be always alert.
iii) They should not be selfish /share God’s secrets with others.
iv) It teaches that Jesus was a fulfilment of the Old Testament law/ prophesies
v) They should be prayerful.
vi) They learned that Jesus is the Messiah foretold by the Old Testament prophets.
vii) They should enter the presence of God with great respect/reverence
viii) They should live with hope knowing that there is life after death.
ix) They should be slow to speak/lean more about Christ before they speak. (5 mks)

3. a) The components of the Lord’s Prayer

i) Addressing God as our father – “Our Father”
ii) Honouring God’s Holy name – “Hallowed be the name”
iii) Declaring the coming of God’s Kingdom – “Thy Kingdom come”
iv) Ask for God’s provision – “Give us our daily bread”
v) Asking God to forgive our sins as we forgive those who offend us.
vi) Asking God not to lead us into temptations and to give us power to resist them – “ and lead us not
into temptation. 6 x 1 = 6 mks
b) The parable of the Coins ( Lk 19:11-27)
i) A nobleman was going to a far country to be made a king
ii) before he left, he called ten of his servants and gave each a gold coin.
iii) He instructed them to trade with the gold coins.
iv) When he returned from his journey, he called the ten servants so that they could show what they had
gained from trading with the coins.
v) The first one had earned 10 gold coins with the one he had been given and the second had earned
five gold coins.
vi) The two servants were commented for working had and for making profits. The master increased
their responsibilities.
vii) The third servant had ignored his master’s instructions. He did not trade with the gold coin; instead,
he hid it in a handkerchief.
viii) His master was annoyed with him. he condemned him. He took a way the one gold coin he had and
gave it to the servant who had the 10 gold coins. 8 x 1 = 8 mks
c. The importance of Jesus’ Resurrection to Christians.
i) It confirms Jesus as the son of God.
ii) It is the basis of their faith
iii) It confirms that Jesus is a live
iv) It is the fulfillment of Jesus’ promise to His disciples
v) It gives Christian’s courage to face suffering and death.
vi) It led to the coming of the Holy Spirit.
vii) It gives the hope of eternal life.
viii) Through Jesus’ resurrection, death has been conquered.
ix) It displays the power of God.
x) It gives baptism a new meaning, that is, being buried and rising with Christ. 6 x 1 = 6 mks
4 a) The teaching of Jesus on the role of the Holy Spirit.

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i) The Holy Spirit is a counselor/helper
ii) He comforts the teachers
iii) He guides
iv) He judges/convicts the world
v) He is the Spirit of truth
vi) He is a companion
vii) He strengthens
viii) He empowers
ix) He reminds/convinces people on righteousness
x) He glorifies Jesus Christ.
xi) He reveals the things of God/reveals things to come. 8 x 1 = 8 mks
b) Ways Christians can identify those who are led by the Hold Spirit among themselves
i) By listening to confessions of the fellow/they should confess Christ
ii) By analyzing the kind of doctrine they preach/teach, whether it is centered on Jesus Christ.
iii) By examining the lives of fellow Christians, whether they possess the fruits of holy spirit
iv) When a believer does not use gifts of Holy Spirit for selfish gain/motive
v) When a Christian gives glory/praise to God after performing a miracle/serving
vi) When a Christian leads people to Christian repentance
vii) By observing their way life behavior/not led by the flesh. 6 x 1 = 6 mks
c) Ways in which Christians can prevent divisions in the church in Kenya today.
i) Treat each other with love
ii) Avoid discriminating/segregation/tribalism in the church.
iii) Preach/teach the word of God/Bible truths to believers
iv) Assist those in problems/the poor/ the less fortunate/the needy.
v) Practice transparent leadership styles.
vi) Give financial reports within an acceptable period of time.
vii) Follow the church doctrines/constitution’s/manuals/educate members on church procedures.
viii) Repent/ask for forgiveness whenever they are wrong/accept their mistakes.
ix) Preparing a budget annually/seasonally/ensuring that the resources are well utilized.
x) Guidance and counselling. 6 x 1 = 6 mks

5 a) Reasons why divorce is rare in traditional African communities

i) Marriage is permanent/highly valued
ii) There is investigation concerning the families to be involved in the marriages/courtship allowed in
some communities
iii) Many people are involved in marriage negotiations
iv) The wife belongs to both the husband and the wider community
v) Payment of dowry/getting children seal the marriage.
vi) Elaborate marriage procedures/ritual make it difficult for one to divorce
vii) Fear of paying fines/returning bride wealth in case of divorce/loss of dignity
viii) Marriage disputes are handled by the parents /elders
ix) In case of bareness/impotence an alternative is sought e.g. polygamy
x) Boys/girls are taught about sex family life
xi) Gender roles are clearly observed. 7 x 1 = 7 mks
b) Factors that a Christian employer should consider when making a decision on a salary for an
employee.
i) Hours of work
ii) Education/training of employee/qualification/skills
iii) Experience of employee/competence
iv) Value of work
v) Needs of the employee/state the economy of the country/standard of living
vi) Dangers/risks of the job to be done/nature of work/type of work
vii) The returns/profit of the work
viii) The ability to pay/sustainability

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ix) The amount of work to be done/role 6 x 1 = 6 mks
c) The dangers of illicit drugs among the youth in Kenya today.
i) There is an increase in rate of crimes committed/theft.
ii) Use of illicit drugs leads to sexual immorality/contracting sexually transmitted infections/HIV Aids
iii) Dependence on illicit drugs depletes resources/lower productivity leading to poverty.
iv) Illicit drugs can damage vital organs/cause ill health
v) illicit drugs cause indiscipline, in institutions of learning
vi) The number of street children/families is increasing as a result of using drugs.
vii) Use of illicit drugs is illegal; the offenders are liable for punishment/imprisonment.
viii) Use of illicit drugs can cause employer/employee conflicts.
ix) illicit drug users become irresponsible/quarrelsome/irritable leading to family
disagreements/breakup.
x) Use of illicit drugs can lead to murder/death
xi) Use of illicit drugs can lead to addiction. 7 x 1 = 7 mks

6 a.) The traditional African concept of wealth.

i) Wealth is a blessing from God
ii) It is part and parcel of human existence
iii) It is measured in the amount of property/wives/children one has
iv) It can be individually/communally owned.
v) Wealth is acquired through hard work/inheritance/gift
vi) Wealth determines ones’ social status.
vii) Wealth should be used to help the needy in society.
viii) There are rules governing how it is distributed.
ix) Wealth is used to worship God/appease ancestors. 7 x1 = 7 mks

b) Give six reasons why it is important to have laws in a country.

i) Laws safeguard people’s rights/citizens’ rights.
ii) People’s property is protected under the law
iii) They protect the consumer from exploitation
iv) It allows/provides for economic development/growth.
v) Individuals are able to enjoy the freedom of worship.
vi) The law acts as a check/measure of those in authority
vii) The law outlines how foreigners should be handled
viii) They control taxation/collection of revenue
ix) It enables the government to protect its citizens against oppression.
x) The law determines the type of punitive measures for a crime done/prevents crime.
xi) It ensures political stability in a country nation
xii) It outlines the relationship between different nations/countries. 8 x 1 = 8 mks

c) Reasons why Christian should vote during the general elections

i) It is their constitutional right
ii) In order to own their elected leaders/identify with them
iii) So as to remove oppressive leaders/government.
iv) In order to effect a peaceful change/transition
v) It is a demonstration of obedience to earthly authorities.
vi) The elected leaders are their direct representatives in parliament/civic authorities.
5 x 1 = 5 mks

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MURANGA SOUTH  END OF TERM TWO EXAMINATION, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES

INSTRUCTIONS:
Answer any five questions

1 a) Name five books in the Bible referred to as Pentateuch. (5mks)

b) Explain biblical teachings about marriage from the creation accounts. (8mks)
c) Identify seven causes of evil in the Traditional African Society. (7mks)

2 a) Describe how God prepared the Israelites for the making of Sinai covenant. (7mks)
b) Outline the background to the call of Abraham. (7mks)
c) Give six lessons Christians learn from the incident when Abraham was willing to sacrifice his son.
(6mks)
3 a) List the promises that God made to King David through prophet Nathan. (7mks)
b) Outline six failures of King Solomon. (6mks)
c) Highlight seven leadership qualities that Christians learn from king David. (7mks)

4 a) State eight similarities between Traditional African Prophets and true prophets in the Old Testament.
(8mks)
b) Describe the teachings of Amos on Israel election. (6mks)
c) Identify six factors that hinder Christians from practicing their faith. (6mks)

5 a) Explain how the people of Judah worshipped God before being taken to exile in Babylon. (7mks)
b) Outline reasons why Nehemiah was against mixed marriages among the Jews. (7mks)
c) State seven relevancies of Nehemiah experience to Christians today. (6mks)

6 a) Highlight the role of priests in the Traditional African Society. (7mks)

b) What is the importance of bride wealth in the Traditional African Society. (7mks)
c) State the significance of naming a child in the Traditional African society. (6mks)

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MURANGA SOUTH  END OF TERM TWO EXAMINATION, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES

INSTRUCTIONS:
Answer any five questions

1. a) Describe the incident when an angel visited the shepherds on the night Jesus was born.
(Luke 2:8-15) (7 marks)
b) State seven similarities in the annunciation of the birth of John the Baptist and that of Jesus Christ.
(7 marks)
b) Identify six lessons Christians learn from the annunciation of the birth of John the Baptist.
(6 marks)
2. a) Give six reasons why Jesus chose the twelve disciples. (6 marks)
b) Describe the incidence when Jesus healed the man with leprosy. (Luke 5:12-16) (7mks)
c) Give six ways in which Christians continue with Jesus' healing ministry. (6mks)

3. a) Outline the events that took place in the Mount of Olives before the arrest of Jesus. (7 marks)
b) Relate the parable of the wicked tenants (Luke 20:9-18). (8mks).
c). State five reasons why people find it difficult to accept the Gospel. (5mks).

4. a) Identify the gifts of the Holy Spirit according to Saint Paul. (1 Corinthians 12: 7-11) (8 marks)
b) How was the life of Peter transformed on the day of Pentecost (6 marks)
c) State six ways in which the gifts of the Holy Spirit arc abused in the church today. (6 marks)

5. a) State seven similarities in the traditional African and Christian view on work. (7marks)
b) Explain the dangers of using illicit drugs among the youth in Kenya today. (7 marks)
c) Outline ways through which Christians misuse leisure today. (6marks)

6. a) Give six reasons why laws are important to the people of Kenya. (6 marks).
b) How can Christians in Kenya help to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor (6 marks).
c) Identify ways in which Christians in Kenya help those who have been released from prison
(6 marks).

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MURANGA SOUTH  END OF TERM TWO EXAMINATION, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME
1. a) Name five books in the Bible referred to as Pentateuch. (5mks)
 Genesis
 Exodus
 Leviticus
 Numbers
 Deuteronomy

b) Explain biblical teachings about marriage from the creation accounts. (8mks)
 Marriage is monogamous
 Marriage is between man and woman
 Marriage is permanent/a covenant
 Marriage is for procreation
 Marriage is continuation of God’s work of creation
 Marriage is sacred/ordained by God
 Marriage is for mutual relationship
 Marriage is for companionship
 Husband and wife complement each other

c) Identify seven causes of evil in the Traditional African Society. (7mks)

 Malicious ancestral spirits
 Evil people like wizards and sorcerers
 Curses from parents or elders
 Breaking taboos
 Breaking oaths
 Bad omen
 Dishonouring sacred places
 Disrespecting God and spirits

2 a) Describe how God prepared the Israelites for the making of Sinai covenant. (7mks)
 God called Moses in the mountain and asked him whether Israelites are ready to obey Him
 He reminded him that He brought them out of Egypt
 God told Moses that He wanted to establish a special relationship with the Nation of Israel
 Moses called the elders of Israel and told them what God had said
 God promised to come down on the third day to meet His people
 Israelites were to consecrate themselves by washing their bodies and their garments
 Moses was to mark the boundaries of the mountain. No human/animal should go near the mountain
 They were to abstain from sexual intercourse
 Israelites were to assemble at the foot of the mountain once they hear trumpet sound
 On the third day Moses took Israelites to meet God
 God descended in form of thunder, lightning, fire smoke, thick cloud and trumpet blast.

b) Outline the background to the call of Abraham. (7mks)

 His name was Abram
 His wife was Sarai
 His ancestral home was Ur
 He came from semi-nomadic tribe
 He later moved to Canaan with his father who was a Semite
 They were moon worshiper

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 They were childless/Sarai was barren
 He had two brothers; Haran and Nahor

c) Give six lessons Christians learn from the incident when Abraham was willing to sacrifice his son.
(6mks)
 Christians should obey God
 Christians should have faith in God
 Christians should have patience/wait upon God/ not give up
 Christians should be prepared to face difficult situations
 Christians should be ready to give up everything for God/be committed to God
 God blesses those who are ready to serve him
 Christians should involve family members in worship

3 a) List the promises that God made to King David through prophet Nathan. (7mks)
 God will always protect Israel
 God will protect David and his descendants from his enemies
 David’s son will be a king
 God will give Israel land of their own
 David’s son will build a temple of the Lord
 God would always support David
 God will always punish the son of David whenever he sinned
 God will raise a heir from David’s house
 David’s name will be great and famous

b) Outline six failures of King Solomon. (6mks)

 Married foreign wives who worshipped idols
 He allowed his wives to worship idols
 He worshipped idols alongside Yahweh
 He built temple for pagan gods
 He introduced forced labour
 He killed his half-brother; Adonijah
 He favoured the tribes of Judah and Benjamin over other tribes
 He introduced high taxation and was extravagant
 He sold part of Israel land
 He hired pagan craftsmen to build the temple

c) Highlight seven leadership qualities that Christians learn from king David.(7mks)
 Courage/Bravery
 Faith in God
 Gratitude to God
 Loyalty – He was loyal to God and to Israelites
 Justice-He was fair to all Israelites
 Wisdom-he had good advisors
 Humility- admitted mistakes and sought forgiveness
 Kindness-he forgave those who offended him

4 a) State eight similarities between Traditional African Prophets and true prophets in the Old Testament.
(8mks)
 Both mediated between God and people
 Both obeyed God
 Both predicted the future
 Both were religious leaders who offered prayers and sacrifice
 Both advised political leaders
 Both urged people to uphold morality and Justice

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 They received calling from God
 They warned people against the dangers of disobeying God
 They lived righteous/exemplary lives
 Both had supernatural powers
 Both warned people of an impending danger
 Both spoke with authority
 Both were consulted in times of crises

b) Describe the teachings of Amos on Israel election. (6mks)

 God liberated Israelites from bondage in Egypt
 He led them in the wilderness and protected them
 He made them a chosen race through Sinai covenant
 He gave them the land of Canaan to inherit
 He gave them laws, priests and prophets to guide them in the covenant way of life
 However, God’s favour for them will depend on their continued obedience to Him
 Israelites did not merit election, it was God’s favour because of His love for their forefathers
 Israelites had a responsibility of recognizing Yahweh as the only true God

c) Identify six factors that hinder Christians from practicing their faith. (6mks)
 Job commitment
 Lack of role models/mentorship
 False teachings/devil worship
 Greed for money/power
 Permissiveness in the society
 Science and technology
 Cultural influence
 Sicknesses
 Poverty
 Political interference

5 a) Explain how the people of Judah worshipped God before being taken to exile in Babylon.(7mks)
 They practiced circumcision
 They observed Sabbath
 They sung psalms
 Observed the mosaic law
 Respected religious leaders
 Offered sacrifices
 Gave offerings and tithes
 Observed Ten Commandments
 Commemorated religious feasts and festivals

b) Explain reasons why Nehemiah was against mixed marriages among the Jews
 To preserve the identity of the Jews
 It was against God’s command of not associating with Canaanites
 Intermarriage will lead Israelites into idolatry
 Children born of mixed marriage will not speak Hebrew language
 Nehemiah wanted to unite Jews who returned from exile
 To solve the problem of land ownership
 Jews were a minority group who wanted to preserve their culture
 In order to effectively carry out religious reforms

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c) State seven relevance of Nehemiah experience to Christians today. (6mks)
 Christians should expect opposition in their work
 Christians should expect to be mocked and ridiculed in their work
 Christians should persevere in doing God’s work
 Christians should trust in God
 Christians have moral obligations to condemn injustice
 Leadership involves challenges and sacrifice
 Christians should fight for the poor/oppressed/less privileged

6 a) Highlight the role of priests in the Traditional African Society. (7mks)

 Perform religious duties.
 Offer sacrifices and offerings and preside over rituals and prayers
 Take care of religious places
 They act as judges, advisers and experts in traditional rituals and rules
 They pour libation/offer prayers/
 Interceded on behalf of the people
 Installed kings and chiefs
 Drove away witches/appease spirits/reverse curses
 Were in charge of royal graves

b) What is the importance of bride wealth in the Traditional African Society. (7mks)
 It is a sign of appreciation to the girl’s parents
 It is a seal of marriage
 It is a sign of commitment by the bridegroom
 It compensates girl’s parents
 It was evidence of the ability to take care of the wife
 The two families unite and socialize as they become relatives
 Ancestors are invited during the payment of bride wealth and they bless the families

c) State the significance of naming a child in the Traditional African society. (6mks)
 Gives baby identity
 It’s a sign of being accepted in the society
 Reflects part of the child’s personality
 Remembers an event that happened when the child was born
 It’s a sign of gratitude to God
 It’s a way of reincarnating dead relatives
 Names help to perpetuate family values
 It was a way of blessing the child

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MURANGA SOUTH  END OF TERM TWO EXAMINATION, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEME

1. a) Describe the incident when an angel visited the shepherds on the night Jesus was born. (Luke
2:8-15)(7mks).
 The shepherds were looking after their flocks in the field at night
 The angel appeared to them
 The glory of the lord shone around them
 They were filled with fear
 The ang told them not to fear
 He told them of the Good News about the birth of Jesus.
 They were told to find baby Jesus in the city of Bethlehem.
 The angels gave them a sign on how they would find Jesus. They were to find the baby wrapped in
swaddling clothes and lying in a manger.
 Suddenly, there appeared a host of angles singing and praising God
 The angles left glorifying God.
 The shepherds went to Bethlehem and found the baby wrapped in strips of clothes just as the angel
had told them.
 They told Mary and Joseph what the angel had said 7x1=7mks

b) State seven similarities in the annunciation of the birth of John the Baptist and that of Jesus
Christ. (7 marks)
 In both the message was delivered by angel Gabriel. In both, the missions of John and Jesus were
specified by the angel.
 In both the possibility of the message was doubted /by Zechariah and Mary.
 In both cases signs were given to confirm the messages/signs were given to Zechariah and
 Mary.
 In both the children were to be God’s servants.
 In both cases the children would be male.
 In both the births were going to be through divine intervention.
 In both the names of the children to be born were given by the angel.
 In both the message was delivered by angel Gabriel. In both, the missions of John and Jesus were
specified by the angel.
 In both the possibility of the message was doubted /by Zechariah and Mary.
 In both cases signs were given to confirm the messages/signs were given to Zechariah and Mary.
 In both the children were to be God’s servants.
 In both cases the children would be male.
 In both the births were going to be through divine intervention.
 In both the names of the children to be born were given by the
7x1=7mks
c) Identify six lessons Christians learn from the annunciation of the birth of John the Baptist.
(6 marks)
 Christians learn that children are gift from God.
 They should be persistent in prayer.
 They should have faith/trust in God.
 They learn that doubting God’s message can lead to punishment.
 Christians should serve God regardless of the circumstances they are in
 They should be persistent in prayer.

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 They should have faith/trust in God.
 They learn that doubting God’s message can lead to punishment.
 Christians should serve God regardless of the circumstances they are in.
 Christians should be patient.
 Christians should be patient.
 Christians learn that God has a purpose for their lives
6x1=6mks
2. a) Give seven reasons why Jesus chose the twelve disciples. (7 marks)
 To assist him during public ministry.
 To be His close confidants. Jesus w o u l d reveal confidential secrets of the
 Kingdom of God to them.
 To bear witness of His teachings and w h a t He did.
 To continue with the ministry of Jesus after His death.
 They were to be good examples to the people. They were to live righteous live.
 They were to be commissioned elsewhere when Jesus was busy,
 He wanted to reveal Himself to them so t h a t they c o u l d have a deeper understanding.
 It symbolized the reconstruction of the twelve tribes of Israel.
 To continue with the biblical theme of election in w hic h God chooses anyone to serve him.
 To lay a foundation for the establishment of the church.
6x1=6mks
b) Describe the incidence when Jesus healed the man with leprosy. (Luke 5:12-16) (7marks)
 While he was in one of the cities, Jesus met a man full of leprosy.
 When the man saw Jesus he fell on his face and begged Jesus to heal him.
 Jesus stretched his hand and touched the leper who got cure immediately.
 He told the man not to tell anyone but to go to the priest and be examined as cure
 He ordered him to offer a sacrifice to God for his love, mercy and forgiveness as required by Mosaic
Law.
 The leper would be declared publicly as clean and be accepted back in the society.
 The news spread throughout the land and many people gathered to hear the word and be healed.
 Jesus withdrew to the wilderness and prayed. 7x1=7mks

c) Give six ways in which Christians continue with Jesus' healing ministry. (6marks)
 Christians pray for the sick/laying of hands/anointing the sick.
 They visit the sick
 They offer guidance and counselling to the sick
 They perform some duties for the sick
 Christians build hospitals/health facilities/offering medical services to the sick/rehabilitation services.
 They train medical personnel
 They offer education/medical advice to the general society through seminars/workshop/mass media.
 Providing financial/material support to the sick
 By preaching the word of God to the sick
 By participating in clearing the environment
 Through donating blood to save lives/organ transplant
6x1=6mks
3. a) Outline the events that took place in the Mount of Olives before the arrest of Jesus. (7 marks)
 On arriving at Mount Olives, Jesus told His disciples to pray so that they cannot fall into temptations.
 He moved at a distance away from the disciples, knelt down and prayed.
 The disciples fell asleep.
 Jesus went back to His disciples and found them asleep.
 Jesus woke them up and asked them to pray in order to avoid falling in to temptations.
 As Jesus was speaking, a crowd came led by Judas Iscariot.
 Jesus drew near to kiss Jesus. Jesus asked Judas why he was betraying Him with a kiss.

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 The disciples tried to defend him by cutting off the ear of the chief priests' slave.
 Jesus returned the ear of the chief priest and healed him.
 He asked the chief priests and temple guards why they had come to arrest him like a thief. 7x1=7mks

b) Relate the parable of the wicked tenants (Luke 20:9-18). (8mks).

 When Jesus was teaching and preaching in the temple during his Jerusalem ministry the Jewish
religious leaders questioned his authority
 Jesus told the parable of the wicked tenants to help interpreted his role and that of his opponents
 A man planted a vineyard and give it out to tenants
 He then went away for a long time
 During the harvest he sent three of his servant tasks for his portion of the harvest
 The tenants beat up all the servants
 The owner of the vineyard sent his own son
 The son was also beaten up and killed
 Jesus said that the owner would destroy the tenants and give the vineyard to others
 Jesus concluded the parable that the very stone that the builders rejected has become the corner stone
8x1=8mks
c) State five reasons why people find it difficult to accept the Gospel. (5mks).
 Alternative religion/ denomination.
 Too much wealth/ riches/affluence.
 Gospel is too demanding.
 Lack of faith in God.
 Belief science and technology.
 Lack of good role models.
 Discouragement from church leaders.
 Permissiveness in the society.
 Drug abuse makes people not think about God.
5x1=5 marks
4. a) Identify the gifts of the Holy Spirit according to Saint Paul. (1 Corinthians 12: 7-11) (8 marks)
 Gift of wisdom
 Gift of knowledge
 Gift of faith
 Gift of performing miracles.
 Gift of speaking in tongues.
 Gift of interpreting tongues
 Gift of distinguishing spirits viii) Gift of healing.
 Gift of prophecy
(8x1=8marks)
b) How was the life of Peter transformed on the day of Pentecost (6marks)
 Peter was filled with the Holy Spirit
 He started speaking in tongues.
 He became courageous and defended the disciples that they were not drunk.
 He began to witness the life, death and resurrection n of Jesus.
 He called people to repentance.
 He was empowered to perform miracles.
 He preached the w o r d of God.
 He was able to remember the Old Testament scriptures.
 He gained wisdom and advised people on what to do.
6x1=6mks

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c) State six ways in which the gifts of the Holy Spirit are abused in the church today. (6 marks)
 People demand favors/ payment.
 People claim to be under the influence of Holy Spirit and they are not.
 There is too much emphasis on speaking in tongues at the expense of other gifts.
 Being proud because of having the gifts.
 Misinterpretation claiming to be under the influence of Holy Spirit.
 Causing division based on those who have or don’t have the gifts.
 Being disorderly when using gifts of the Holy Spirit.
 Using gifts for self-glorification.
 Not interpreting the gift of speaking in tongues.
 Installing fear or intimidating others.
6x1=6mks
5. a) State seven similarities in the traditional African and Christian view on work. (7marks)
 In both, work is mainly for the purpose of acquiring basic needs.
 In both, work is ordained by God.
 In both, rest is encouraged after work/leisure.
 In both, work is a duty/done in obedience to God.
 In both, division of work is encouraged/sharing of work.
 In both, hard work is emphasized/laziness is condemned.
 In both, talents/abilities are developed through work.
 In both, work promotes socialization.
7x1=7mks
b) Explain the dangers of using illicit drugs among the youth in Kenya today. (7 marks)
 There is a n increase in the rate of crimes committed.
 Use of illicit drugs leads to sexual immorality and contacting STD's.
 Dependence on illicit drugs depletes family resources leading to poverty.
 Use of illicit drugs is illegal and offenders are liable for punishment.
 Use of illicit drugs can cause conflicts between employer and employees.
 Illicit d r u g users become irresponsible, quarrelsome and irritable leading to family breakup
 It may lead to increased cases of crime.
 Increase in the number of street children as a result of usage of illicit.
 May lead to death.
7x1=7mks
c) Outline ways through which Christians misuse leisure today. (6marks)
 Spending family resources on leisure activities.
 Overindulging in leisure activities.
 Idling which leads to boredom.
 Drinking alcohol and smoking endangering their health.
 Engaging in sexual immoralities.
 Involving oneself in dangerous activities e.g. boxing and racing.
 Bickering and gasping.
 Involving in adult leisure activities by children.
6x1=6mks

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6. a) Give seven reasons why laws are important to the people of Kenya. (7 marks).
 Help to safe guard human rights.
 Help to protect people’s properties.
 Help to protect consumers from exploitation.
 Safeguarding religious freedom.
 Allows economic growth and entrepreneurship.
 Controls the powers of those in authority.
 Regulate employment of foreigners.
 Regulating collection and spending of taxes.
 Provides stability which encourages economic stability.
 Helps in controlling discontentment among the citizens.
7x1=7mks
b) How can Christians in Kenya help to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor (6 marks).
 Christian should pay taxes to the government as required.
 By creating job opportunities for the jobless.
 Through training and equipping the poor with skills for self-reliance.
 By assisting the poor to access loans and credit facilities to improve t h e i r livelihood.
 By exercising fairness and avoiding corrupt practices.
 They should call u p o n the government to be accountable to her citizens.
 Through application of virtues that promote equality.
7x l = 7mks
c) Identify ways in which Christians in Kenya help those who have been released from prison
(6 marks).
 Praying for them.
 Visiting them so t h a t they can feel wanted in society.
 Preaching the good news of salvation to them.
 Showing care and concern to them
 Providing them with basic needs.
 Offering guidance and counseling to help them reform.
 Involving them in community a n d c h u r c h activities.
 Welcoming them in church.
 Counseling their families to forgive and accept them. marks
6x1=6 marks)

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 Christian Religious Education
BUNGOMA CaSPA
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 ½ Hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
(a) This paper consists of six questions.
(b) Answer any five questions.
(c) Each question carries 20 marks.

1. a) Describe the first account of creation (Genesis 1:1-2:4a) (7 marks)

b) Explain FOUR differences between the traditional African view of evil and biblical concept
of sin (8 marks)
c) State FIVE ways in which the church is fighting against evil in the society today (5 marks)

2. a) Describe the background to the call of Abraham. (7 marks)

b) Outline the activities carried out by Israelites on night of Passover. (Exodus 12:1-28). (7 marks)
c) Give SIX reasons why Christians are commanded not to steal. (6 marks)

3. a) Outline EIGHT problems that Samuel foresaw with the rule of kings in Israel. (8 marks)
b) Outline the failures of King Saul. (6 marks)
c) List SIX life skills Christians need to fight corruption in Kenya today. (6 marks)

4. a) Outline SEVEN characteristics of the true Old Testament prophets. (7 marks)

b) State FOUR differences between Traditional African prophets and the Old Testament prophets.
(8 marks)
c) State ways on how the church promotes social justice. (5 marks)

5. a) Describe the political background of Nehemiah. (6 marks)

b) Give SIX reasons why Nehemiah introduced the policy of separation of Jews from foreigners.
(6 marks)
c) List EIGHT moral values that a Christian acquires from the life of prophet Jeremiah. (8 marks)

6. a) State the African Traditional understanding of spirits (5 marks)

b) Name EIGHT places in which sacrifices were carried in traditional African communities.
(8 marks)
c) Identify SEVEN moral values taught to the Youth during initiation to adulthood in
Traditional African communities. (7marks)

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 Christian Religious Education
BUNGOMA CaSPA
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 ½ Hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
(a) This paper consists of six questions.
(b) Answer any five questions.
(c) Each question carries 20 marks.

1. a) Narrate Mary’s visit to Elizabeth in Luke 1:39-56. (7marks)

b) What do Christians learn about the person and mission of John the Baptist from the message of
the Angel Gabriel to Zechariah? (7marks)
c) How do Christians emulate John the Baptist today? (6marks)

2. a) Outline Jesus teachings in the beatitudes. (6marks)

b) Describe the feeding of the five thousand (Luke 9: 10-17). (7marks)
c) What lessons do Christians learn from the miracle of the feeding of the five thousand? (7marks)

3. a) Outline SEVEN instructions that Jesus gave to the seventy-two disciples when he sent them on a
mission (7marks)
b) Give reasons why Jesus used the parable of the lost son in His teachings. (7marks)
c) Why should Christian’s practice forgiveness? (6marks)

4. a) How was the life of Peter transformed on the day of Pentecost? (6marks)
b) Describe the unity of believers as illustrated in the image of the Bride (8marks)
c) Give SIX ways in which Christians prevent divisions in the church in Kenya today. (6marks)

5. a) Identify SIX sources of Christian ethics (6 marks)

b) Identify EIGHT leisure activities common to Christianity and traditional African communities
(8marks)
c) State the dangers of using illicit drugs in Kenya among the youths (6marks)

6. a) List SEVEN ways in which wealth is acquired in traditional African community (7marks)
b) Explain how money economy has undermined the principles of Christian living. (6 marks)
c) Give SEVEN reasons why Christians should not involve themselves in gambling. (7marks)

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 Christian Religious Education
BUNGOMA CaSPA
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME
1. a) Describe the first account of creation (Genesis 1:1-2:4a) (7mks)
I. In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth
II. The earth was formless, void and covered with darkness
III. On the first day God separated light from darkness
IV. On the second day He created the sky/ firmament
V. On the third day He created earth, seas, oceans and vegetation
VI. On the fourth day He created the sun, the moon and the stars
VII. On the fifth day He created sea creatures and birds
VIII. On the sixth day, He created animals, creeping creatures and human beings
IX. On the seventh day He rested
Any 7x1=7mks
b) Explain FOUR differences between the traditional African view of evil and biblical concept of sin
(8mks)
I. Biblically, there is eternal punishment for wrong doers while in African concept punishment is
immediate in the physical world
II. Africans believe in collective punishment unlike in the Bible that talks about individual
punishment
III. Traditionally, suffering is a result of doing evil while biblically there are other causes of suffering
IV. Traditionally there is no opportunity of a savior which is provided for in the Bible through Jesus
Christ
V. Biblically, sinners go to hell and the righteous to heaven but in traditional African religion there is
neither hell nor heaven. The dead join the spirit world
VI. Biblically sin originated from the heart while traditionally external forces lead to evil
First 4x2=8mks
c) State FIVE ways in which the church is fighting against evil in the society today (5mks)
I. Preaching against evils in the society
II. Praying for God’s intervention
III. Condemning evils in the society
IV. Educating the masses on dangers of the evil in the society
V. Involving themselves in the law reform process
VI. Guiding and counseling
VII. Producing reading materials that give advice on evils
VIII. Reporting those involved to the relevant authorities First 5x1-5mks

2. a) Describe the background to the call of Abraham. (7 marks)

I. Abraham’s father was called Terah.
II. He had two brothers: Haran and Nahor.
III. Haran had a son called Lot.
IV. Abram’s wife was Sarai and she was barren.
V. Terah and his family lived in the city of Ur among the Chaldeans.
VI. They worshipped idols /moon worshippers.
VII. They built altars /offered sacrifices including animals and human beings.
VIII. After Haran’s death, Terah moved with his family and settled in Haran among his sematic people.
IX. Nahor refused to accompany his father and the family.
X. It was after the death of his father at the age of 205 years that Abraham was called by
God. (Any 7 x 1= 7 marks)

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b) Outline the activities carried out by Israelites on night of Passover. (Exodus 12:1-36)
(6 marks)
I. Every man chose a lamb or a young goat for his family.
II. The chosen animal was slaughtered.
III. Blood was put on the two door posts of the houses.
IV. The slaughtered animal was to be roasted.
V. The Israelites ate the unleavened bread/bitter herbs with roasted meat.
VI. They stayed indoors till morning.
VII. They ate while fully dressed for the journey/in a hurry.
VIII. They burnt all the leftovers of the meal.
IX. They collected jewelry/clothing from the Egyptians.
(Any 6x1=6 marks)
c) Give six reasons why Christians are commanded not to steal. (6 marks)
i) Christians should trust in God to provide for their needs.
ii) So as to show respect for other people’s property.
iii) Christians should work to acquire their needs/laziness is discouraged.
iv) Christians should love others /should not make others suffer.
v) They should uphold their dignity/self-worth.
vi) In order to promote peace/harmony among people /stealing causes conflict in society.
vii) In order to practice self-control righteousness/upright.
viii) Christians are expected to be contented with what they have /stealing is an act of greed.
(Mark first 6x1=6 marks)

3. a) Outline eight problems that Samuel foresaw with the rule of kings in Israel. (8 marks)
i) The Israelites would seem to have reject God as their unseen King.
ii) The King would introduce high taxation.
iii) The King would forcefully recruit their sons to join the army.
iv) The King would introduce forced labour.
v) The King would recruit their daughter to work as maidens in the king’s palace.
vi) God would reject their cry whenever they call upon him.
vii) The King would grab their fields and vineyards.
viii) The Israelites would lose their identity as a covenant people.
ix) The king would enslave them.
x) It would lead to harsh rule/oppression. (Mark first 8x1=8 marks)
b) Outline the failures of King Saul. (6 marks)
i) He offered the burnt offering instead of waiting for Samuel to do it
ii) He lacked patience to wait for Samuel who was to offer a burnt offering to God.
iii) He disobeyed Gods command to destroy Amalekites completely by sparing the life of king Agag.
iv) He spared the best of the animals instead of destroying them
v) He lost faith in God
vi) He wanted to kill king David / was jealous of David
vii) He was deceitful to the servant of God
viii) He committed suicide (Any 6x1=6 marks)
c) List six life skills Christians need to fight corruption in Kenya today. (6marks)
i) Critical thinking.
ii) Creative thinking.
iii) Decision making.
iv) Conflict resolution/problem solving.
v) Tolerance.
vi) Assertiveness.
vii) Self-esteem.
viii) Empathy.
ix) Effective communication.
(Mark first 6x1= 6 marks)

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4. a) Outline seven characteristics of the true Old Testament prophets. (7marks)
i) They were opposed by the false prophets.
ii) They received God revelation through unique ways.
iii) They spoke with authority from God.
iv) They responded to God’s call with obedience.
v) They upheld monotheism.
vi) They understood the nature of their prophecy.
vii) They led moral lives.
viii)They were prayerful.
ix) They communicated God’s message in unique ways.
(Mark first 7x1=7marks)
b) State four differences between Traditional African prophets and the Old Testament
prophets. (8 marks)
i) The Old Testament prophets stressed the worship of one God/Monotheism while in some
traditional African communities, prophets recognized many gods/goddesses/polytheisms.
ii) The Old Testament prophets received their call from God while the traditional African prophets
inherited their work from their ancestors.
iii) The Old Testament received their power, guidance directly from God while the African traditional
prophets got their power from God through the living dead/spirits.
iv) The Old Testament prophets spoke to the nations God sent them to, while the traditional African
prophets were confined to their ethnic communities.
v) The Old Testament prophets faced opposition from their people while the traditional African
prophets were respected leaders in their communities.
vi) The work of the Old Testament prophets was recorded and presented while in the African
Traditional prophets it was passed on through oral traditions. (Mark first 4x2=8 marks)
c) State ways on how the church promotes social justice. (6marks)
i) Voting in leaders who advocate for social justice
ii) Providing education to the public on social justice.
iii) The church prays for social justice in the country.
iv) It preaches on social justice.
v) The country gives food/clothing/shelter to the affected.
vi) The church condemns/preach against social injustices in the society.
vii) Campaigning on the rights of the needy in the society. (Any 6x1=6 marks)

5. a) Describe the political background of Nehemiah. (6 marks)

i) The kingdom of Judah had been taken over by Babylon
ii) The Babylonians had destroyed the walls of the city /the temple /Jerusalem
iii) The King/royal court officials/able people were deported /exiled to Babylon
iv) Persia conquered Babylon /Jews came under the control of Persians
v) The Persian Kings ruled the subjects through governors
vi) The conquered people were to pay tribute/taxes to Persia
vii) The Persian king/Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Judah in three stages
viii) Nehemiah led the third group of Jews back to Judah
ix) The Jews in exile returned to Judah in 3 stages (Any 6x1=6 marks)
b) Give six reasons why Nehemiah introduced the policy of separation of Jews from foreigners.
(6 marks)
i) Nehemiah wanted to keep the Jewish community pure.
ii) The Jews were a minority group which needed to preserve their identity/culture.
iii) Nehemiah wanted to separate/unite the Jews who returned from exile.
iv) To solve conflicts over land ownership.
v) Intermarriage would lead the Jews into idolatry.
vi) The Law of Moses was against association with foreigners.
vii) Children born out of intermarriage could not speak the Hebrew language.
viii) Religious reforms could not be effectively carried out. (Mark first 6x1= 6 marks)

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c) List eight moral values that a Christian acquires from the life of prophet Jeremiah.
(8 marks)
i) Obedience
ii) Loyalty
iii) Perseverance/endurance/tolerance
iv) Patience
v) Self-control
vi) Courage/bravery
vii) Honesty/faithfulness/truthfulness
viii) Respect
ix) Holiness/righteousness/purity
x) Hope
xi) Humility
xii) Justice/fairness
(Mark first 8x1=8 marks)
6. a) State the African Traditional understanding of spirits. (5 marks)
i) Spirits are invisible/ do not have a physical form
ii) Spirits are more powerful than human beings
iii) They are believed to be residing in caves/rivers/trees/rocks
iv) Spirits can acquire physical form/appear to human beings in form of birds/animals
v) Spirits have the ability to enter human beings/and through them to convey messages/reveal certain
truths/dreams
vi) Spirits act as mediators between God and human beings
vii) Spirits change according to the circumstances /they can bring either harm/good to people
(Any 5x1=5 marks)
b) Name eight places in which sacrifices were carried in traditional African communities.
(8 marks)
i) Under trees
ii) In caves
iii) At river banks
iv) Near rocks
v) On mountains/hills
vi) At water places
vii) In shrines/temples
viii) At Grave sites
ix) At cross roads
(Mark first 8x1= 8 marks)
c) Identify moral values taught to the Youth during initiation to adulthood in Traditional
African communities. (7 marks)
i) Hospitality /Generosity/kindness.
ii) Honesty.
iii) Integrity.
iv) Tolerance /perseverance/endurance.
v) Chastity/faithfulness/self-control.
vi) Loyalty /obedience.
vii) Respect.
viii) Love.
ix) Responsibility.
x) Co-operation.
xi) Unity.
xii) Courage.
xiii) Hardworking.
(Any 7 x 1 = 7marks)

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BUNGOMA CaSPA
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEME
1. a) Narrate Mary’s visit to Elizabeth in Luke 1:39-56
I. Mary entered Zechariahs house/home
II. She greeted Elizabeth
III. When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greetings, the baby in her womb leaped
IV. Elizabeth was filled with the holy spirit
V. She blessed Mary and the child in her womb
VI. Elizabeth wondered why Mary, the mother of her lord had visited her
VII. Elizabeth informed Mary that the child in her womb had leaped for joy in her greetings
VIII. Mary responded by praising God
IX. Mary stayed with Elizabeth for six months
Any 7x1=7 marks
b) What do Christians learn about the person and mission of John the Baptist from the message
of angel Gabriel to Zechariah (7 marks)
I. John would bring joy/ gladness to any people
II. He would be great before God
III. He would be a Nazarite/ would not drink any wine
IV. He would be filled with the holy spirit
V. He would reconcile the Israelites with God/ fathers to their children
VI. He would have the spirit/ power of Elijah
VII. He would bring justice/ turn the disobedient to the wisdom of the just
VIII. He would prepare people for the coming of the messiah
(Any 7× 1= 7marks)
c) How Christians emulate John the Baptist today.
i) They preach salvation in preparation for the second coming of Jesus Christ.
ii) They condemn social evils and injustices.
iii) They encouraged people to repent.
iv) They share with the needy.
v) They live exemplary lives.
vi) They persevere in the face of opposition.
vii) They encourage people to be baptized / baptize people.
(Any 6 × 1 = 6marks)

2. a) Jesus teachings in the beatitudes.

i) The humble shall inherit the earth.
ii) The pure in heart will see God.
iii) Those who show mercy shall obtain mercy.
iv) The peacemakers shall be called sons of God.
v) Those persecuted for the sake of the gospel shall be rewarded in heaven / eternal life.
vi) The poor in spirit shall inherit the kingdom of God.
vii) Those who hunger / thirst shall be satisfied.
(Any 7 × 1 = 7marks)
b) Describe the feeding of the five thousand (Luke 9: 10-17).
i) Jesus took the disciples to the city of Bethsaida.
ii) The crowd followed him on learning where they had gone.
iii) Jesus welcomed them and spoke to them of the kingdom of God / cured those who needed healing.
iv) The day began to wear away and the disciples told Jesus to tell people to go into the city and get
provisions.

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v) Jesus told the disciples to give people something to eat / disciples told him that they have only five
loaves and two fish.
vi) Jesus told the disciple to make the people sit down in groups of fifties each.
vii) Jesus took the loaves and two fish, looked up to heaven, blessed, broke and gave them to the
disciples to give the crowd.
viii) They all ate, were satisfied and twelve baskets of broken pieces were collected.
(Any 7 × 1 = 7marks)
c) Lessons Christians learn from the miracle of the feeding of the five thousand
i) To be concerned for the physical needs of people.
ii) They should thank God.
iii) To have faith / trust in God.
iv) To serve others / demonstrate humanity.
v) To practice obedience.
vi) To practice sharing.
vii) To co-operate with others.
viii) To be responsible / careful.
(Any 7 × 1 = 7marks)

3. a) Instructions given to the seventy-two (7marks)

i) The disciples were to pray for more labors to be sent for the harvest
ii) They were not to carry any purse/ bag/ sandals
iii) They were not to salute anyone on the road
iv) They were to say peace in any house they entered
v) They were to remain in the same house/ not to go from house to house
vi) They were to eat/ drink whatever ws provided
vii) They were to heal the sick
viii) They were to tell the people that the kingdom of has come near
ix) They were to wipe off the dust on their feet against the people if not received
First 7x1=7 marks
b) Reasons why Jesus used the parable of the lost son in His teachings.
i) To encourage sinners to accept the word of God.
ii) To show the consequences of loose living.
iii) To encourage people to realize their sinfulness / be willing to repent / reconcile.
iv) To teach about God’s love for all people / kingdom of God is for all people.
v) To show God’s unconditional forgiveness.
vi) To warn against judging others / condemning others.
vii) To teach his audience the need to rejoice for / welcome repentant sinners.
viii) He warned to encourage families to live in harmony / unity.
(Any 7 × 1 = 7marks
c) Why Christians should practice forgiveness.
i) It shows love for others.
ii) It creates / promotes peace.
iii) It is a way of winning converts.
iv) It shows obedience to Christian’s teaching /commands.
v) In order to follow the example of Christ.
vi) In order to be forgiven by God.
vii) It strengthens relationship / tolerance.
viii) It lengthens life / promotes healthy living.
(Any 6 × 1 = 6marks)

4. a) How peters life was transformed on the day of Pentecost

I. He was filled with the power of the holy spirit
II. He spoke in tongues
III. He defended the disciples that they were not drank

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IV. Peter became courageous
V. He preached the word of god
VI. He became a witness of the work/death and resurrection of Jesus Christ
VII. He was able to remember/ narrate Old Testament scriptures
VIII. He gained wisdom/ advised the people on what to do
IX. He baptized believers
X. He took up leadership roles
(Any 6x1= 6marks)
b) Describe the unity of believers as illustrated in the image “the Bride”.
i) Believers are the bride.
ii) Christ is the bride-groom.
iii) Their marriage will be a life-long union, they will live together forever.
iv) The bridegroom seeks to take the bride to their new home i.e. New Jerusalem.
v) In the new home there will be no suffering or death as they will live in peace and happiness forever.
vi) Christians should prepare themselves as they await the coming of Christ by remaining pure.
vii) Believers must obey god to be rewarded with eternal life.
(Any 4 × 2 = 8marks
c) Ways in which Christians prevent divisions in the church in Kenya today.
i) Treat each other with love.
ii) Avoid discriminations / segregations / tribalism in the church.
iii) Preach / teach the word of God / Bible truth to believers.
iv) Assist those in problems / poor / the less fortunate / the needy.
v) Practice humility / avoid arrogance.
vi) Openly discuss issues affecting the church / respect the opinion of the other people.
vii) Pray for one another / problems affecting the church.
viii) Practice transparent leadership styles.
ix) Give financial reports within acceptable period of time.
x) Follow the church doctrines / constitutions / manuals / educate members on church procedures.
xi) Repent / ask for forgiveness whenever they are wrong / accept their mistakes.
xii) Preparing a budget annually / seasonally and ensure that the resources are well utilized.
xiii) Guidance and counseling.
(First 6 × 1 = 6marks)

5. a) Sources of Christian ethics

I. Human reason/ experience/intuition/ free will/ conscience
II. The bible / teachings of Jesus Christ
III. Traditions from Christian community/ church rituals / authoritative Christian literature
IV. Natural law
V. Situational ethics/ God’s revelations
VI. Secular law
VII. African customs/ African morals (First 6x1=6 marks)
b) Leisure activities common in Christianity and traditional African communities
I. Singing/ dancing
II. Story telling/ proverbs/ riddles
III. Sporting activities
IV. Visiting/ travelling
V. Weaving/ basketry/ crafts
VI. Retreats
VII. Gardening
VIII. Buying/ exchanging of goods
IX. Taking siesta
X. Education/training
XI. Ceremonies/ festivities among the youths (First 8 × 1 = 8marks)

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c) The dangers of using illicit drugs in Kenya among the youths
I. There is an increase in the rate of crime
II. Leads to sexual immoralities
III. Dependence on illicit drugs depletes resources leading to poverty/ lowers productivity
IV. Illicit drugs can damage vital organs/ health
V. They cause indiscipline in the places of learning
VI. The number of street children/ families increase as a result of using drugs
VII. They can cause employer/ employee conflicts
VIII. Illicit drug users become irresponsible/ quarrelsome leading to family disagreement/ breakup
IX. They can lead to murder
X. They cause addiction
(Any 6 × 1 = 6marks)

6. a) How wealth is acquired in Traditional African society

i) Through inheritance
ii) Through payment of bride price/ dowry
iii) Through farming / livestock rearing
iv) Through raiding/ rustling
v) Through hard work
vi) Through gifts
vii) Through exploitation of natural resources
viii) Utilization of talents
(First 7 × 1 = 7marks)
b) How money economy has undermined the principles of Christian living.
i) There is use of corruption / bribery / giving false witnesses / other immoral practices.
ii) People are discriminated against because of poverty.
iii) There is power struggle to acquire wealth / riches and to protect it.
iv) Wage labor has undermined the family unit.
v) People sell family land and end up living as squatters / laborers on the very land.
vi) There is the rise of individualism / unwillingness to share.
vii) Dependence on foreign aids / donations / has undermined the virtues of handwork to earn a living.
viii) Development of class system in Africa.
ix) There is rural-urban migration leading to weakness in the family unit.
x) Bride price / marriage has been commercialized thus undermining love / equality in the home.
xi) Struggle in acquiring wealth has undermined commitment to God/ worship of God.
(Any 6 × 1 = 6 marks)
c) Why Christians should not involve themselves in gambling.
i) Gambling enables one to get money / wealth without working for it.
ii) In gambling one’s gain leads to another person’s loss.
iii) It creates bitterness in the one who losses.
iv) The bible condemns gambling / unfair interests.
v) It involves taking advantage of the ignorant players.
vi) There is no security on the wealth / money one puts in gambling.
vii) It is addictive /can become compulsive habit.
viii) It can interfere with family budget / priorities / can cause misunderstanding in the family.
ix) It can lead to violence / loss of life.
x) It can lead to stress / illness.
xi) It shows lack of trust / dependence upon God.
xii) It can lead to poverty.
xiii) Its time wasting at the expense of productive work marks.
(First 7 × 1 = 7 marks)

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KIRINYAGA WEST SCHOOL BASED EXAMINATIONS
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
313/1
CRE
PAPER 1
AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2022
TIME: 2½ HOURS

Instructions to candidates.
 Answer any five questions.
 Each question carries 20 marks.

1. (a) Describe the Second Account of creation, Genesis 2:4b-25. (8mks)

(b) Identify six literary forms used in the writing of the Bible. (6mks)
(c) Outline six ways in which Christians in Kenya use the Bible. (6mks)

2. (a) Describe the call of Abraham. Genesis 12:1-9. (7mks)

(b) Outline seven plagues that God used to demonstrate His power in Egypt. (7mks)
(c) What lessons can Christians learn about God from the call of Abraham? (6mks)

3. (a) How did Prophet Samuel promote the worship of Yahweh in Israel? (6mks)
(b) State the challenges faced by Elijah during his prophetic ministry in Israel. (7mks)
(c) What problems do church leaders face when carrying out their work? (7mks)

4. (a) Identify seven characteristics of the false prophets in Israel in the Old Testament. (7mks)
(b) Describe six ways in which God would punish Israel for her evils according to prophet Amos.
(6mks)
(c) In what ways is the church in Kenya promoting Social Justice in the society? (7mks)

5. (a) Describe the Fall of Jerusalem and exile of the Israelites. Jeremiah 39. (8mks)
(b) Outline the stages followed in the renewal of the covenant during the time of Nehemiah. (7mks)
(c) What do Christians learn from the renewal of the covenant by Nehemiah? (5mks)

6. (a) Give six reasons why Traditional African Initiation ceremonies are not as popular in Kenya
as they were in the past. (6mks)
(b) State ways in which an old man prepared his family before death in Traditional African society.
(7mks)
(c) Why is death feared in Traditional African communities? (7mks)

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KIRINYAGA WEST SCHOOL BASED EXAMINATIONS
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
313/2
CRE
PAPER 2
AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2022
TIME: 2½ HOURS

Instructions to candidates.
 This paper consists of six questions.
 Answer any five questions.
 Each question carries 20 marks.

1. (a) Outline Micah’s prophecy concerning the Messiah (Micah 5:1-5). (7mks)
(b) Outline the differences between the work of John the Baptist and that of Jesus Christ. (7mks)
(c) Give reasons why Christians present gifts to newborn babies. (6mks)

2. (a) Describe the incident when Jesus was rejected at Nazareth. (Luke 4:16-30). (7mks)
(b) With reference to the Sermon on the Plain, state seven teachings on how human beings
should relate to another. (7mks)
(c) Show how Christians demonstrate their concern for the social wellbeing of others. (6mks)

3. (a) Narrate the Parable of the Widow and the unjust Judge. (Luke 18:1-8). (7mks)
(b) Outline Jesus teaching on watchfulness and readiness. (7mks)
(c) Give six reasons why the resurrection of Jesus is important to Christians. (6mks)

4. (a) Explain how the unity of believers is expressed in the body of Christ. (7mks)
(b) Identify the Gifts of the Holy Spirit as taught by St. Paul (1 Corinthians 12:7-11). (7mks)
(c) How are the gifts of the Holy Spirit manifested in the church in Kenya today? (6mks)

5. (a) Outline the Christian teaching on work. (8mks)

(b) Identify the causes of pre-marital sex among the youth in Kenya today. (7mks)
(c) Discuss the role of a Christian during a strike. (5mks)

6. (a) Explain the negative effects of introduction of money economy in Traditional African Societies.
(7mks)
(b) State ways in which harmony between the church and the state is promoted by Christians in
Kenya today. (7mks)
(c) Identify six obstacles to effective maintenance of law and order in Kenya today. (6mks)

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KIRINYAGA WEST SCHOOL BASED EXAMINATIONS
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
313/1
CRE
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME
1. (a) The second account of creation in Amos 2:4b – 25.
 The earth is described as being dry, uninhabited and with no vegetation.
 God formed man out of the dust and breathed the breath of life into his nostrils and man became a
living creature.
 God planted a garden in the east, the Garden of Eden and placed every type of tree in it.
 In the middle were the tree of life and tree of knowledge of good and evil.
 God made four rivers which flowed to water the garden.
 Man was commanded to rill and conserve the garden.
 Man was to eat from all trees apart from the tree of knowledge of good and evil, otherwise he would
die.
 God formed other creatures, birds and animals and commanded man to name them.
 God saw that Adam was lonely and needed a companion.
 He made him fall asleep, removed one of his ribs and formed a woman out of it.
 He brought her to man, who called her woman, because she was made from man.
 They were both naked but not ashamed. (8 x 1 = 8mks)

(b) Six Literary forms used in the writing of the Bible.

 Poetry e.g. Psalms.
 Wise sayings e.g. proverbs.
 Letters / Epistles e.g. Romans
 Legislative texts e.g. Leviticus.
 Prophetic speeches e.g. Jeremiah.
 Gospels e.g. Luke.
 Philosophical essays e.g. Job.
 Prayers e.g. Nehemiah.
 Prose / Narratives. (6 x 1 = 6mks)

(c) Six ways in which Christians in Kenya use the Bible.

 Christians read the Bible for spiritual growth / meditation / Bible study.
 They use it for instructing new converts.
 It is used as a textbook when teaching Christian Religious Education in schools.
 It is used as a resource material in search of general knowledge / reference.
 It is used in composing Christian hymns / songs / drama.
 It is used in taking oaths / vows / swearing.
 It is used as a prayer book.
 It is used for preaching / evangelism.
 It is used to explain ethics / rituals / doctrines / guidance and counseling.
 It is used to produce Christian literature. (6 x 1 = 6mks)

2. (a) The Call of Abraham (Genesis 12: 1 – 9)

 God told Abraham to leave his country, Haran to the land that God would show him.
 God promised Abraham that He would make him a great nation / Bless him / make his name great /
source of blessing.
 Abraham left the land of Haran as he had been instructed by God.
 Abraham was seventy-five years when he was called.
 He took his wife Sarai / Lot his nephew / all his possessions and set forth to the land of Canaan.

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 They passed through Canaan to the place at Shechem Bakamoreh.
 God appeared to him and promised to give the land of Canaan to his descendants.
 Abraham built an altar to the Lord at Shechem.
 He moved to the Mountain on the East of Bethel / pitched his tent.
 He built an altar and called on the Name of the Lord.
 Abraham journeyed on towards Negeb. (7 x 1 = 7mks)

(b) Seven plagues that God used to demonstrate His power in Egypt.
 The waters of Egypt turned into blood.
 The land of Egypt was covered with frogs.
 Swarms of flies covered the land of Egypt.
 There was death of all Egyptian livestock.
 The plague of severe hailstorm that destroyed buildings and plants.
 There were swarms of locusts that destroyed vegetation.
 Darkness covered the land of Egypt for three days.
 Death of first-born males of the Egyptians. (7 x 1 = 7mks)

(c) Lessons Christians can learn about and from the Call of Abraham.
 God demands faith / obedience from people.
 God is the provider / sustainer / giver.
 God blesses / curses.
 God is the protector.
 God is the controller of the world.
 God is everywhere.
 God is to be worshipped.
 God guides people.
 God makes promises / fulfills promises.
 God cares for His people. (6 x 1 = 6mks)

3. (a) How Prophet Samuel promoted the worship of Yahweh in Israel.

 He prayed / interceded for the people.
 He mediated between God and the Israelites.
 He performed priestly duties / made sacrifices.
 He condemned King Saul for disobeying God.
 He warned the elders of Israel against demanding for a political king / danger of rejection.
 He anointed kings over Israel.
 He obeyed God’s commands / instructions.
 He always consulted God. (1 Samuel 8: 19 – 21)
 He built altars for God. (1 Samuel 7:17) (6 x 1 = 6mks)

(b) Challenges faced by Elijah during his prophetic ministry in Israel.

 Prophet Elijah had to define his faith / religion to prove that Yahweh was the true God.
 He was accused by King Ahab of being the trouble maker in Israel / enemy.
 Prophet Elijah had to convince the people that he was the true prophet of Yahweh.
 He lived in fear after pronouncing the drought in Israel.
 He had to flee from Israel after killing the prophets of Baal.
 Jezebel threatened to kill him.
 Elijah despaired / felt discouraged / lonely / wished to die.
 The prophets of God were being persecuted / killed in Israel.
 Elijah had to fight Baalism which had been made a state religion.
 The presence of 850 Baals and Asherah prophets in Israel. (7 x 1 = 7mks)

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(c) Problems church leaders face when carrying out their work.
 They receive threats (opposition from opponents (outside the church).
 They have inadequate material / financial assistance.
 There is lack of cooperation from the church members (within).
 There is rivalry among leaders themselves / splinter groups.
 They may not be good role models / hypocrisy.
 They may suffer long separation from their families.
 There is misinterpretation of the Biblical theology from different sources.
 Greed for material things / property,
 They may be posted to a hostile working environment.
 There is political interference in their work.
 They may lack adequate skills / language for carrying out their work.
 Permissiveness / moral decadence in society.
 Discrimination / gender discrimination / tribalism. (7 x 1 = 7mks)

4. (a) Seven characteristics of the false prophets in the Old Testament.

 False prophets did not have a divine call / raised themselves.
 They spoke falsehoods / lies.
 They prophesied out of their own minds / imaginations.
 They prophesied what the people wanted to hear / according to circumstances.
 They misled people from the covenant way of life / promoted idolatry.
 They hindered the work of true prophets.
 They worked for material gain / paid for their services.
 Their prophecies were not fulfilled. (7 x 1 = 7mks)

(b) Six ways in which God would punish Israel for her evils according to prophet Amos.
 The land would be occupied by a foreign nation e.g. Assyrians (Amos 5:16 – 17m 8:3).
 Attack by a pestilence / epidemic. (Amos 6: 9-10).
 Earthquakes that would destroy the houses of both the rich and the poor. (Amos 4:11, 6:11).
 Hunger / thirst for the word of God where even youth would faint for lack of getting God’s word.
(Amos 8:9-10).
 Siege / surrounded by an enemy / nation. Chapter 7.
 The Israelites would be taken to exile. (Amos 9:2-4).
 Ananiah the priest / king would die by the sword. (6 x 1 = 6mks)

(c) Ways in which the church in Kenya is promoting social justice in the society.
 The church preaches / teaches on the need for justice / fairness in the society.
 The church condemns all forms of injustice in the society.
 They pray for justice to prevail in the land.
 Christian’s lead exemplary lives / role models / practice justice / pay taxes.
 The church initiates income generating activities to create employment / encourage independence /
self-sustenance.
 The church assists the needy / shares their wealth with the poor.
 By guiding and counseling the victims of injustice.
 By advocating for just laws / voice of the voiceless. (7 x 1 = 7mks)

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5. (a) The fall of Jerusalem and Exile of the Israelites (Jeremiah 34)
 Jerusalem was attacked and invaded by the Babylonians during the reign of King Zedekiah in 587
BCE.
 The city was under siege for 30 months.
 Zedekiah resisted Babylonian invasion hoping that the Egyptians would help him.
 The Egyptians did not help, the city weakened by along and merciless siege.
 The Israelites army inside the city was weakened by famine and was smashed by the strong Babylonian
army.
 The Babylonians set up an administrative centre at Mizpah and appointed Gedaliah to be the governor
of Judah.
 King Zedekiah and his court officials tried to escape to Rabbah but were captured and taken to
Nebuchadnezzar.
 Nebuchadnezzar ordered the killing of Zedekiah and his government officials.
 The king also had Zedekiah’s eyes gouged out.
 Zedekiah was frog-matched and dragged in humiliation into exile.
 The city was looted, houses burnt and the temple and its walls destroyed.
 The remnants including the royal court officials, priests, army officials, craftsmen and middle-class
residents, were taken to captivity in Babylon.
 The land and the city including vineyards and the fields, were given to the poor of the land.
(8 x 1 = 8mks)

(b) Stages followed in the renewal of the covenant during the time of Nehemiah.
 The people gathered in the public square in Jerusalem.
 The priest Ezra read the law to the people.
 They performed repentance / gestures of raising / lowering their hands.
 The people constructed makeshift tents / shelters to celebrate the feats of the births.
 There was National Day of Confession.
 They sealed the covenant by signing an agreement under the leadership of Nehemiah and the priest.
 The people promised not to go against the Mosaic Law.
 The re-distribution of the people in Jerusalem and country side. (7 x 1 = 7mks)

(c) What Christians learn from the renewal of the covenant by Nehemiah.
 Christians should ask for their sins to be forgiven.
 They should lead righteous lives / be obedient.
 They should always pray to God.
 Christians should demonstrate humility.
 They should avoid groups that can negatively influence their faith in God.
 They should teach others the word of God.
 They should set aside a day for worship / Sabbath.
 They should respect the churches as place for prayer / institution.
 They should read the word of God regularly.
 Share with the needy. (5 x 1 = 5mks)

6. (a) Reasons why Traditional African Initiation ceremonies are not as popular in Kenya as they were in
the past.
 Aspects of initiation such as some songs and dances are viewed to be unchristian.
 Christians and the government are against some traditions such as female genital mutilation.
 Schooling has affected the age-going children who spend most of their time in schools.
 Intermarriages with cultures that do not initiate their youths have diluted the significance of
initiation.
 Rural – urban migration leading to mixing up of cultures.

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 Knowledge of modern medicine makes people prefer hospitals to traditional methods due to risks
involved. (6 x 1 = 6mks)
(b) Six ways in which an old man prepared family before demise in Traditional African Society.
 Inviting family members / share common meal.
 Identify the leader of the family.
 Disclosing to the members all the property owned / secrets.
 Sharing / distributing the property among family members
 Giving advice to family members.
 Blessing the family members.
 Reconciling family members / resolving conflicts / cleansing.
 Identifying the debtors / creditors.
 Identifying the burial site / giving instructions regarding the funeral. (7 x 1 = 7mks)

(c) Why death is feared in the Traditional African Communities.

 It disrupts the rhythm of human life / activity.
 It is irrevocable / inescapable.
 It brings impunity to the family.
 It deprives the community of the individuals.
 It involves too many rituals.
 It comes unannounced.
 It separates one from the loved ones / marks the end of life on earth.
 Nobody knows about the afterlife.
 It may cause misunderstanding in the community.
 Death rites reveal people’s characteristics.
 It brings poverty to the family involved. (7 x 1 = 7mks)

KIRINYAGA WEST SCHOOL BASED EXAMINATIONS

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
313/2
CRE
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEME
1. (a) Micah’s prophesy concerning the Messiah.
 The Messiah will be born in Bethlehem.
 He will rule over Israel.
 His origin is of old / ancient days.
 He will be born of a woman.
 He will feed His flocks.
 He will rule in majesty / power of God.
 In His time, Israel will be secure.
 He shall be great to the ends of the earth.
 Israel will have victory over their enemy / there shall be peace in Israel. (any 7x1 = 7mks)

(b) The differences between the work of John the Baptist and that of Jesus Christ.
 John the Baptist mainly preached in the wilderness / desert while Jesus preached in the synagogues /
homes / cities / towns.
 John Baptized people with water while Jesus baptized people with the Holy Spirit and Fire.
 John the Baptist called people to repentance while Jesus forgave / died for their sins.
 John lived the life of a Nazarite while Jesus mixed freely with all the people.
 John emphasized on the promised Messiah while Jesus emphasis was on the Kingdom of God.

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 John’s message was direct while Jesus preached in parables.
 John’s disciples fasted whereas those of Jesus ate and drunk.
 John the Baptist did not perform miracles while Jesus’ Ministry was full of signs / wonders.
(any 7x1 = 7mks)
(c) Six reasons why Christians should present gifts to Newborn babies.
 Christians give gifts in order to welcome the baby to the family / world.
 It is a sign of their love / contribution to the baby’s welfare.
 It is a way of appreciating the gift of life.
 It is a way of thanking God.
 It is a form of congratulating the mother / parents.
 It is an expression of joy.
 It is a way of emulating biblical practices. (any 6 x 1 = 6mks)

The incident when Jesus was rejected at Nazareth. (Luke 4:16 – 30)
2. (a)
o Jesus came to Nazareth where He was brought up.
o He went to the synagogue as He usually did on the Sabbath day.
o He was given the book of prophet Isaiah and He stood up to read.
o He opened the book, found a place that was written about Him and He read it to the people.
o After reading the book, He closed it, gave it to the attendant and sat down.
o Everybody in the synagogue looked at Him.
o He told them that the scripture He has read was fulfilled in their hearing.
o All the people were happy with what He had spoken.
o People wondered aloud saying “is this not Joseph’s son.”
o Jesus told them that they would ask Him to do in His own country things He had done in Capernaum.
o He told them no prophet is accepted in his own country.
o He told them that there were many widows in Israel during the time of Elijah but God sent the prophet
to a widow in Zarephath.
o They were filled with anger and wanted to throw him headlong down a cliff.
o Jesus passed through their midst and went away. (any 7x1 = 7mks)

(b) Seven teachings of Jesus on how human beings should relate to one another with reference to the
sermon on the plain.
 Human beings should love their enemies.
 They should help those in need / be generous.
 They should be merciful to others.
 They should not judge / condemn others.
 They should forgive one another / not revenge.
 Pray for those who wrong them.
 They should do good to those who hate them/
 They should bless those who curse them. (any 7 x 1 = 7mks)

(c) How Christians demonstrate their concern for the social well-being of others,.
 Establishing schools to offer education to people.
 Offering medical services to the society.
 Providing food and housing to the destitute and needy in the society.
 Teaching the gospel to all including the poor and oppressed.
 Offering job opportunities to the needy to uplift their lives.
 Providing guidance and counseling services to the errant members of the community.
 Participating in giving / raising funds to educate the poor.
 Starting income generating projects for the youths. (any 6 x 1 = 6mks)

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3. (a) The Parable of the widow and the unjust judge. (Luke 18 : 1-8)
 There was a judge who neither feared God nor regarded man.
 There was a widow who kept coming to the judge to settle a case between her and her enemies /
adversaries.
 The judge at first refused to grant the request of the widow.
 The widow persisted in her request / did not give up.
 The judge was afraid of getting worn out by the widow’s insistence.
 The judge finally accepted to grant the widow her request.
 Jesus said that God would vindicate / grant the request of those who pray to Him persistently.
 Jesus said that God responds to those who pray to Him in faith speedily. (any 7x1 =
7mks)

(b) Jesus teaching on watchfulness and readiness.

 Believers should be dressed for His coming.
 They should keep their lamps burning.
 They should be awake / alert.
 Those who are found waiting will be blessed.
 They should be prepared at all times.
 Believers should continue working until Christ comes back.
 Believers who are drunkards / mistreat fellow workers will be punished.
 Those who know what is required of them / their masters and fail to do it will receive a severe beating.
 Believers are expected to respond to God according to how much they have received from Him/
 Those who do wrong out of ignorance will receive lesser beatings / punishment. (any 7 x 1 = 7mks)

(c) Why the resurrection of Jesus is important to Christians.

 The resurrection of Jesus if the foundation / basis of Christian faith.
 It gives Christians hope for eternal life.
 The resurrection of Jesus confirms that there is life after death.
 Through the resurrection of Jesus, death has been conquered / overcome.
 It confirms Jesus as the Son of God / Messiah.
 It gives Christian’s courage to face suffering / death / persecution.
 It is the central theme in Christian preaching / teaching.
 It confirms that the scriptures are true / fulfillment of the Old Testament prophecies.
 It ensures Christians that they worship a living savior
 It confirms that Christians will resurrect / have a new body. (any 6x1 = 6mks)

4. (a) How the unity of believers is expressed in the Body of Christ.

 St. Paul describes the believers as the Body of Christ.
 Christ is the head of the church.
 The believers form parts of the body.
 The body has different organs in the same way the church has different members.
 They all need to work together for the well-being of the church.
 Every part of the body is needed to make it whole / one part cannot be without the other.
 The different church members are given different spiritual gifts by the Holy Spirit to carry out God’s
work.
 Believers are united through Baptism of the Holy Spirit. (any 7 x 1 = 7mks)

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(b) The gifts of the Holy Spirit as taught by St. Paul. (1 Corinthians 12: 7 – 11)
 Gift of wisdom.
 Gift of knowledge.
 Gift of faith.
 Gift of healing.
 Gift of working miracles.
 Gift of speaking in tongues.
 Gift of interpreting tongues.
 Gift of distinguishing spirits. (any 7 x 1 = 7mks)

(c) How the gifts of the Holy Spirit are manifested in the church in Kenya today.
 Through prayers.
 Through wise decisions made in church.
 There is faith healing.
 Through preaching / teaching the word of God.
 By Christians helping the poor.
 Through giving tithes / offerings in the church.
 Christians receive revelations / words of knowledge.
 They speak in tongues / interpret tongues.
 Through confession of sins.
 Through singing / dancing / composing songs. (any 6 x 1 = 6mks)

5. (a) The Christian teaching on work.

 Work is ordained by God.
 Human beings should work to subdue / conquer the earth.
 Work is good / God Himself worked.
 God blesses a hard worker / work is rewarded.
 Christians should work to acquire basic needs.
 Christians should work to assist the needy.
 Those who do not work should not eat.
 Christians should not overwork / enslave others.
 Those who work should get a just wage.
 People should take rest after work. (any 8 x 1 = 8mks)

(b) Causes of pre-marital sex among the youth in Kenya today.

 Permissiveness in the society.
 Lack of guidance and counseling,
 Negative influence from the mass media.
 Drug / substance abuse.
 Negative peer pressure.
 Human weakness.
 Desire to prove manhood / fertility.
 Idleness,
 Poverty.
 Fear of being rejected.
 Some do it out of curiosity.
 Poor role models.
 Frustrations.
 Availability of contraceptives. (any 7 x 1 = 7mks)

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(c) The role of a Christian during a strike.
 Not to take part in the strike.
 Encourage other people to find better means of solving the problem.
 To inform the authority of any grievances if they are not aware.
 To pray for a solution.
 Encourage peaceful demonstration.
 Report the matter to the nearest police station. (any 5 x 1 = 5mks)

6. (a) Negative effects of introduction of money economy in Traditional African societies.

 It has led to wage labour which has replaced communal working.
 Led to rural urban migration hence destroying the closely knit way of life in Traditional African
communities.
 It has led to formation of classes / gap between the rich and the poor.
 It has led to individualism which has replaced the extended family.
 It has led to bribery / corruption which has replaced the moral values of honesty.
 It has changed land ownership from being communal to private.
 It has led to commercialization of bride wealth.
 It has shifted the respect that was accorded to elders because of their wisdom to young people who are
rich.
 It has encouraged laziness / dependence on a few individuals who are employed. (any 7 x 1 = 7mks)

(b) Ways in which harmony between the church and the state is promoted by Christians in Kenya today.
 Christians encourage the faithful to obey the political rulers.
 They allow political rulers to become leaders in church.,
 They preach and condemn evils in the society.
 They advise political rulers on the correct ways of administering the Nation.
 They support state-initiated projects.
 They participate in reforming the laws governing the Nation.
 They work together with the state when calamities occur.
 They participate in election of leaders.
 They pay taxes.
 They pray for the Nation and their leaders.
 They participate in National development activities. (any 7 x 1 = 7mks)

(c) Six obstacles to effective maintenance of law and order in Kenya today.
 There is an increase in crime.
 Due to unequal distribution of resources.
 Permissiveness in the society.
 Political instability.
 Discrimination.
 Extreme poverty.
 Bribery / corruption.
 Greed for material wealth.
 Inadequate modern equipment to combat crime.
 Delay in the delivery of justice to the offended.
 High rate of unemployment. (any 6 x 1 = 6mks)

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CATHOLIC DIOCESE OF KAKAMEGA EVALUATION TEST.
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Paper 1
August 2022
Time: 2 ½ Hours

1. (a) Outline the activities that took place in the second account of creation Gen 2:4b-25 (8marks)
(b) Identify the provisions given to human beings by God in Biblical creation stories (6marks)
(c) What are the consequences of breaking taboos in traditional African communities? (6marks)

2. (a) State eight ways in which God took care of the Israelites during the Exodus (8marks)
(b) How did the Israelites worship God when they were in the wilderness? (5marks)
(c) Identify seven challenges that Christians face while practicing their faith in Kenya today. (7marks)

3. (a) Explain six ways that king David used to promote the worship of God in Israel (6marks)
(b) Identify ways in which King Jeroboam contributed to religious schism
between Judah and Israel. (8marks)
(c) How does the church help to bring back members who have fallen from faith? (6marks)

4. (a) Describe three categories of true prophets in the Old Testament. (6marks)
(b) State ways in which the rich oppressed the poor during the time of Prophet Amos. (8marks)
(c) Give six reasons why Christians find it difficult to help the needy in society today (6marks)

5. (a) State seven promises that the Israelites made when they renewed their covenant with God
during the time of Nehemiah (Nehemiah 10: 28- 39) (7marks)
(b) Identify the final reforms carried out by Nehemiah to restore the Worship of God in Judah
(6marks)
(c) What problems do Christian leaders in Kenya face in their work today (7marks)

6. (a) Identify six ways in which initiation rites have changed today (6marks)
(b) Give eight reasons for singing and dancing during initiation ceremonies in traditional African
communities. (8marks)
(c) Give reasons why female circumcision is being discouraged in Kenya today (6marks)

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CATHOLIC DIOCESE OF KAKAMEGA EVALUATION TEST.
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Paper 2
August 2022
Time: 2 ½ Hours

1. (a) Outline Jeremiah’s prophecies about the Messiah (Jeremiah 23: 5-6) (6marks)
(b) State seven similarities in the annunciation of the birth of John the Baptist and that of Jesus
Christ (7marks)
(c) What challenges did John the Baptist face during his ministry? (7marks)
2. (a) Explain four teachings of Jesus on the qualities of a true disciple (Luke 6:20-49) (8marks)
(b) Outline the activities that took place during the feeding of the 5,000 Luke 9:10-17 (7marks)
(c) Give five lessons learnt about Jesus from the feeding of the 5,000 (5marks)

3. (a) Outline the instructions that Jesus gave to the seventy-two disciples
When he sent them on a mission. (8marks)
(b) Narrate the parable of the widow and the unjust judge. (Luke18:1 -8) (6marks)
(c) Give six reasons why Christians should have faith in God. (6marks)

4. (a) Identify the gifts of the Hol y Spirit according to Saint Paul.
(I Corinthians 12:7 -11). (8marks)
(b) Describe how the unity of believers is expressed in the image of the people of God
(1st Peter 2: 9 - 10). (6marks)
(c) State six ways in which Christians are able to identify those who posses the
gifts of the holy spirit (6marks)

5. (a) Outline the traditional African teaching on Leisure (6marks)

(b) Identify Christian criteria for evaluating the use of Leisure (7marks)
(c) Explain the dangers of using illicit drugs among the youth in Kenya
Today (7marks)

6. (a) Give six reasons why laws are important to the people of Kenya. (6marks)
(b) State seven rights of a Kenyan citizen. (7marks)
(c) Give reasons why Christians in Kenya are against capital punishment (7marks)

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CATHOLIC DIOCESE OF KAKAMEGA EVALUATION TEST.
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Paper 1

MARKING SCHEME.
1. (a) Activities that took place in the second account of creation Genesis 2:4b-25
 God formed man out of dust and breathed into his nostrils the breathe of life
 God planted the Garden of Eden in the east and placed man whom he had formed
 He planted trees of all kind in the garden including the tree of knowledge of good and evil
 He irrigated the garden using a river that divided into four/Pishon /Gihon /Tigris /Euphrates
 God put man in the garden of Eden to till and keep it
 God commanded man to eat from all the trees in the garden except from the tree of knowledge
of good and evil lest he shall die
 God saw that it was not good for man to be alone /decided to make him a helper fit for him
 God formed animals and birds and brought them to man to name them /man gave names to
creatures
 Lord caused man to go into sleep /formed the woman out of man’s ribs
 The man and his wife were both naked and were not ashamed
(Any 8x1=8marks)

(b) The provisions given to human beings by God in Biblical creation stories
 The Garden of Eden/ a home.
 A helper/companion/wife.
 His love/perfect happiness.
 Wealth e.g. gold from the rivers.
 Power to procreate.
 Authority over creation.
 All types of food from the plants and animals.
 Water from the four rivers.
(Any 6x1=6marks)

(c) Consequences of breaking taboos in traditional African communities?

 Paying of a fine
 Excommunication/ banishment/ ostracized/ Exile
 Punishment/ ridicule/ pain to the body
 Being killed
 Cleaning/ undergoing rituals
 Making sacrifices to appease the ancestors/ God/ Spirit
 Offering compensation
 Being cursed/ mysterious happenings
 Denial of privileges (Any 6x1=6marks)

2. (a) Ways in which God took care of the Israelites during the Exodus
 He guides the Israelites by a pillar of cloud during the day
 He provided a pillar of fire of guide them during the night.
 God sent an angel who engulfed the Egyptian solders in darkness to delay their attack on the
Israelites.
 He gave them priests to be intermediaries between them and God.
 God split the waters of the Red sea to create a dry path for the Israelites to pass.
 He punished the Egyptian soldiers who were pursuing the Israelites by drowning them in the Red
Sea.
 God changed bitter water into sweet waters for the Israelites to drink at Marah.

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 God provided Manna and quails as food for the Israelites when they were hungry. Healing those who
were bittern by snakes.
 God assisted the Israelites to defeat the Amalekites.
 He provided them with strong leaders like Moses.
 God gave them the 10 commandments to guide them on their relationship with him and one another.
(First 8x1=8marks)

(b) How the Israelites worship God when they were in the wilderness?
 They built alters
 They offered sacrifices/burnt sacrifices/burnt offerings
 They sang songs/danced
 They said prayers
 They held festivals
 They gave offerings/tithes
 They constructed/sacred places of worship/tabernacle/tent of meeting
 They observed the Sabbath day
 They observed the ten commandments and the Mosaic law
 They had religious leaders e.g. Moses, Aaron and priests
(Any 5x1=5marks)

(c) Challenges Christians face while practicing their faith in Kenya today
 The emergence of splinter groups within the church.
 The emergence of cults which practice ungodly activities.
 The emphasis of materialism by the churches.
 Lack of roles models among the leaders.
 Open conflict among/between the leaders and the church members/authoritarianism.
 Misuse of resources by the leaders.
 Rise of state-church conflict e.g. No/Yes situation.
 Confusion among Christians due to different interpretation of the Bible.
 Church leaders not having time for all members/discrimination.
 Negative effects of mass media/modern technology
 Permissiveness/moral decadence/during abuse
(First 7x1=7marks)

3. (a) Ways that king David used to promote the worship of God in Israel
 He brought the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem.
 He made Jerusalem a holy city where Israelites from all over the land came for important religious
occasion.
 He composed the Psalms which were used in worship by the Israelites.
 He showed respect to the prophets of Yahweh/listened to their messages.
 He wanted to build a temple for God/made preparations for its construction.
 When he made mistakes, he asked for Yahweh’s forgiveness/repented.
 He sought for God’s guidance in whatever he wanted to do
 He entered into a covenant with God.
 He build alters / offered sacrifices
(First 6x1=6marks)

(b) Identify ways in which King Jeroboam contributed to religious schism between Judah and
Israel.
 He stopped the Israelites from going to worship in Jerusalem.
 He made golden calves and placed one at Bethel and another at Dan to represent Yahweh.
 He set up two rival places of worship at Dan and Bethel.
 He made Israelites to offer sacrifices to the golden calves.

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 He chose priests from ordinary families i.e. those who did not belong to the tribe of Levi to serve at
worship centers.
 He burnt incense at altars of the idols i.e. he worshipped idols thus breaking the first commandment.
 He instituted religious festivals and feasts in the months of his choice.
 He led a revolt that led to the split of the kingdom
 He did not listen to the advice of the prophet of God
 He offered his own sacrifice on the altar yet he was not a priest.
(Any 4x2=8marks)

(c) How the church helps to bring back members who have fallen from faith
 By visiting them/inviting them to their homes.
 By being patient/forgiving them.
 By evangelizing them/preaching to them/teaching them.
 By guiding and counseling them/referring them to experts according to their needs.
 Praying for / with them
 By inviting them back to church.
 By encouraging them to repent/confess.
 By offering them material needs/aid.
(Any 6x1=6marks)
4. (a) Describe three categories of true prophets in the Old Testament
 Major Prophets – their messages/books are elaborate/detailed
 Minor Prophets – they have short /brief messages
 Early Old Testament prophets- were sent by God for specific tasks
 Prophetesses- these are women who prophesied e.g. Miriam, Debora etc
 Professional/court prophets-they assisted the kings in finding out Gods will.
They preached to the people /brought them to the covenant way of life
(First 3x2= 6marks)

(b) Ways in which the rich oppressed the poor during the time of Prophet Amos.
 The Israelites sold honest men into slavery for silver or a pair of sandals.
 Exaggeration of prices/ overcharging.
 Land grabbing by the rich /were robbed their belongings.
 Use of false scales/faulty weighing scales
 Trampling on the needy.
 Bribery and corruption in the law courts. The poor were prosecuted when they challenged injustice
and spoke the truth in the court.
 Worthless wheat was sold to them /goods unfit for human consumption.
 The poor were made to work on land owned by the rich for very little pay.
 Temple prostitutes were from the poor families. (Any 8x1=8marks)

(c) Reasons why Christians find it difficult to help the needy in society today
 There are too many needy cases.
 Tribal/ethnic feelings may hinder one from giving assistance to the needy.
 Political leaning/affiliations influence Christians against helping those who do not belong to their
camp.
 Lack of what to share/inadequacy
 Indifferences of some Christians to the light of the needy.
 Denominational differences where some Christians are not ready share with those who do not belong
to their group.
 Poor communication/infrastructure in some parts of the country that make impossible to reach the
needy.
 It is difficult to identify the genuine needy cases.
 Misappropriation of resources meant for assisting the needy discourages Christian from contributing.
(First 6x1=6marks)

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5. (a) Promises that the Israelites made when they renewed their covenant with God
during the time of Nehemiah (Nehemiah 10: 28- 39)
 They would live according to Gods law/obey all his commandments/requirements
 They would not intermarry with the foreigners living in their land
 They promised not to farm every seventh year/they were to cancel all the debts
 They would make annual contribution towards temple expenses/not to neglect the house of God
 They were to provide wood for burnt sacrifices
 They would offer the first fruits of their harvest/dedicate their first-born sons/flocks as required by
the law
 They would pay their tithes in accordance with the law
 They would not buy corn or anything else foreigners on the Sabbath or any other holiday
(First 7x1=7marks)

(b) Final reforms carried out by Nehemiah to restore the Worship of God in Judah
 Cleansing of the temple
 Reinstating of the Levites and other temple workers
 He ordered the closure of Jerusalem for proper Sabbath observance
 He separated the Jewish from the foreigners
 He purified the priesthood.
 Throwing out the household of Tobia out of the chamber
 Cleansing the chamber in the temple
 Returning the vessels of the house of God
 Appointing treasures over the storehouses
 Stopping the buying and selling of wares on the Sabbath day
 He ordered an end to mixed marriages/foreigners.
(Any 6x1=6marks)

(c) What problems do Christian leaders in Kenya face in their work today
i) Opposition from political leaders/society.
ii) Lack of cooperation from the members of the church/lack of unity among Christians
iii) False prophets/cultic affiliation// hypocrisy/black magic/witchcraft
iv) Misinterpretation of the scriptures
v) Drug abuse among the members
vi) Lack of adequate time for pastoral care
vii) Poor infrastructure that makes it impossible to reach some areas
viii) Insecurity in some parts of the country
ix) Lack of resources to enable them spread the good news/poverty
x) Lack of professional training to enable them do their work effectively.
xi) Permissiveness/moral decadence, which has become the order of the day.
xii) Negative influence from the mass media/pornography.
(Any 7x1=7marks)

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6. (a) Ways in which initiation rites have changed today
 Some initiation rite have been abandoned e.g. removal of teeth
 The rites are less elaborated /no ceremonies
 Some communities have adopted initiation rite from others.
 The times for initiation have been shifted due to formal education.
 Many prefer to go for circumcision in hospitals.
 The age of initiation has shifted from adolescent to young children.
 It is carried out at family level in most cases
 Female genital mutilation (F.G.M) has been outlawed
(First 6x1=6marks)

(b) Reasons for singing and dancing during initiation ceremonies in traditional African
communities.
 The songs inform the participants of the history of the community/preserving culture/ importance of
initiation.
 They provide an opportunity for the members to socialize/welcome ancestors
 It diverts the initiate’s minds from the impending pain.
 The songs teach the initiates important moral values.
 The songs educate the participants of gender roles /relationship
 Through singing and dancing members exercise their bodies
 The songs encourage the initiates to face the challenges/rebuke cowardice.
 They are used to mark the various stages of the initiation ceremonies.
 It is a form of prayer for the initiates /drive away evil spirits/ involving spirits
 Singing and dancing is a form of entertainment.
(First 8x1=8marks)

(c) Reasons why female circumcision is being discouraged in Kenya today

 Health risks - it may lead to excessive bleeding to girls
 It may lead to death
 It may lead to infertility among the girls
 It contributes to early marriage
 It may lead to the victim being discriminated against / psychological torture/girl being traumatized
 It may lead to the victim dropping out of school
 Uncircumcised girls can be discriminated/harassed in learning institutions/community
 Forced female circumcision undermines the dignity of the victim
 It is against the women rights/child abuse
 It leads to lack of sexual satisfaction
 It may lead to HIV/AIDS infections
 It may lead to separation/divorce (Any 6x1=6marks)

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CATHOLIC DIOCESE OF KAKAMEGA EVALUATION TEST.
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Paper 2
MARKING SCHEME

1. (a) Jeremiah’s prophecies about the Messiah (Jeremiah 23: 5-6)

 God would raise up a righteous descendant/branch of David.
 The king will rule wisely / execute justice of the Lord
 He shall do what is right and just.
 He will ensure that Judah is safe from her enemies and people of Israel will live in peace.
 He would be called ‘The Lord our salvation’.
 He would rule Judah and Israel
 Bring peace among the people of Israel.
 Make them dwell securely in their land. (Any 6x1=6marks)

(b) Seven similarities in the annunciation of the birth of John the Baptist and that of
Jesus Christ
 In both, Angel Gabriel announced their births.
 In both, the unborn were males
 In both, the conception was through divine intervention.
 In both, there were some element of doubt.
 Zechariah and Mary were Holy and God fearing.
 Zechariah and Mary were both troubled and afraid.
 In both, the children were first born.
 In both, the names of the children were given by the Angel before birth.
 In both, the mission of the children was given by the angel. (First 7x1=7marks)

(c) What challenges did John the Baptist face during his ministry? (7marks)
 Preached in the wilderness
 He was imprisoned for challenging Herod’s behavior
 Lived on locusts and honey in the wilderness
 He led a solitary life
 He was beheaded
 He was misunderstood to be the Messiah
 Rebuking Herod the tetrarch because of marrying Herodias, his brother’s wife and other evils he had
committed
 Had a challenge in identifying Jesus as the Messiah
 Pharisees and tax collectors rejected the Baptist of John/they hadn’t been baptized by John the Baptist
 He was falsely accused of/considered being demon possessed. (Any 7x1=7marks)

2. (a) Teachings of Jesus on the qualities of a true disciple (Luke 6:20-49) (8marks)
 Perseverance in the face of persecution-A true disciple should endure suffering
 Unwavering faith in Jesus-A true disciple should have absolute faith in God
 Love for enemies-A true disciple should love even their enemies/pray for enemies
 Obedience/implementers of the teachings of Jesus-A true disciple should accept the Lordship of
Christ/implement his teaching
 Forgiving others-A true disciple should forgive others/not revenge
 Generosity/kindness-A true disciple should share with others/be generous
 Not judge others-A true disciple should exercise self-criticism before judging others
 Show compassion/mercy to others-A true disciple should be merciful just like God
 A true disciple should bear good fruits (First 4x2=8marks)

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(b) Activities that took place during the feeding of the 5,000 Luke 9:10-17(7marks)
 After the return of the 12 Disciples from their mission, Jesus took them to a quiet place in the town
of Bethsaida
 A crowd of about 5,000 people followed him to whom he preached about the Kingdom of God.
 The disciples requested Jesus to release him people to look for food.
 Jesus told the disciples to give the people something to eat.
 The disciples were in a dilemma because they did not have enough food to feed the people.
 Jesus told the disciples to organize the people into groups of fifty.
 He took loaves, two fish, prayed for it, broke them and asked the disciples to distribute to the people.
 The crowd ate to its fill and left remains that filled 12 baskets. (7x1=7marks)
(c) Lessons learnt about Jesus from the feeding of the 5,000
 Jesus is the Messiah offering the messianic banquet prophesied by the prophet Isaiah (Isaiah 25:6)
 Jesus is the bread of life.
 Jesus has a divine power.
 Jesus provides for both physical and spiritual needs of people.
 Jesus has power over nature (multiplied loafs enough to feed 5,000 people)
 Jesus had faith in God’s providence.
 Jesus had compassion for the needy. (First 5x1=5marks)

3. (a) Instructions that Jesus gave to the seventy-two disciples when he sent them on
a mission
 The disciples were to pray for more labourers to be sent for the harvest,
 The disciples were not to carry any pulse / bag / sandals.
 They were not to salute anyone on the road.
 They were to say peace any house they entered.
 They were to remain in the same house / NOT to go from house to house.
 They were to eat / drink whatever was provided.
 They were to heal the sick
 They were, to tell the people that the kingdom of God has come near
 They were to wipe off the dust on their feet against the people if not received.
(Any 8x1=8marks)
(b) Narrate the parable of the widow and the unjust judge
 There was a judge who neither feared God nor regarded man
 There was a widow who kept on coming to the judge to settle a case between her and her adversaries
 The judge at first refused to grant the request of the widow;
 The widow did not give up/persisted on her request
 The judge was afraid of getting warned out by the widow's insistence;
 The judge finally accepted to grant the widow her request;
 Jesus said the God would vindicate/grant the request of those who pray to Him
persistently
 Jesus said that God responds to those who pray to Him in faith speedily. (6x1=6marks)
(c) Reasons why Christians should have faith in God (6marks)
 God fulfils the promises he makes to human beings;
 Faith is a requirement for all Christians;
 Those who pray in faith receive their request;
 Christians are dependent on God for all things;
 Faith is a sign of commitment to God/helps Christians to grow spiritually;
 It is through faith, in God that Christians can perform miracles/great things;
 Christians who have faith in God can be saved /healed;
 Faith in God helps Christians to overcome temptations/face challenges/persecutions.
 Faith in God enables the Christians to wait patiently for second coming of Jesus/Kingdom of
God
(First 6xl=6marks)

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4. (a) Gifts of the Holy Spirit according to Saint Paul (I Corinthians12:7 -11)
 Gift of Wisdom
 Gift of Knowledge
 Gift of Faith
 Gift of Healing
 Gift of working miracles
 Gift of Prophecy/preaching
 Gift of speaking in tongues
 Interpreting of tongues
 Distinguishing between spirits
(Any 8x1=8marks)

(b) Describe how the unity of believers is expressed in the image of the people of God
(1st Peter 2: 9 - 10)
 The believers are chosen people/race/they have been selected.
 They are a royal priesthood/they are to save the greatest King/God.
 They are Holy nation/expected to lead holy/righteousness lives
 They belong to God/they form a family of God’s own possession.
 They are to declare wonderful deeds of God/that is to lead a life of worshipping God/testifying about
God.
 They were called from darkness to light/their lives had been transformed and should not be
dominated by evil.
 They were once not a people/they were outside the covenant way of life.
 They are led by the mercies of God/have received God’s grace
(Any 6x1=6marks)

(c) Ways in which Christians are able to identify those who possess the gifts of the holy spirit
 By listening to their confession. They should confess Jesus as Lord.
 By analyzing the kind of teaching, they profess. The teaching should be about Jesus Christ/Christian
doctrine
 By examining their life so as to know whether they possess/show the fruit of Holy Spirit. (Love, joy,
peace, patience, kindness, self-control, goodness, faithfulness/gentleness.)
 By observing their behavior. The behavior should not contradict the teaching of Jesus Christ/ be role
models
 When the Christians notice the victorious life of such people over temptations/works of the flesh.
 If such persons do not use the gift of the Holy spirit for selfish gains/enrich themselves
 When such believers given glory to God/Jesus after serving performing miracles.
 Those with the Holly spirit are guided by the principle of sincerity and honesty
 Those with the gift of the Holy spirit are subjected to the word of God
(First 6x1=6marks)

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5. (a) Traditional African teaching on Leisure
 Leisure is an important aspect of life / life is made up of both work and leisure
 Leisure is meant to develop potential personal resources in work
 It is for personal refreshment
 It is part of education/learning opportunity through stories, riddles, parables, songs
 Most leisure activities are active / communal rather than individualistic / bring people together e.g.
visiting relatives, feasts, celebrations rites of passage etc.
 Rites of passage provide an opportunity for communal leisure activities and acquisition of values
e.g. co-operation, sharing, love
 Leisure activities are free and people are not expected to pay for them in order to participate.
 In African societies human life follows the rhythms of life. Night hours are spent sleeping.
 Seasons determine leisure activities e.g. wrestling and hunting are for the dry season while singing
and dance takes place during harvest.
 Leisure is put to the right use and those who misbehave are punished.
 Discipline is followed e.g. putting on dress that befits the occasion.
 Leisure activities are organized on gender and age group lines e.g. dances for boys and girls for
warriors, women etc. the elderly meet and drink beer etc.
(Any 6x1=6marks)

(b) Christian criteria for evaluating the use of Leisure

 Leisure should not be harmful to an individual or others. It should not put one’s life at risk e.g.
boxing, wrestling, car racing.
 A leisure activity that is addictive is wrong. It makes a person become a slave on the activity.
 Leisure should be for personal growth both physical and spiritual
 In leisure, the principle of moderation must be observed
 A leisure activity should be moral within the laws of God
 Leisure should bring people together/unite people in fellowship
 Leisure should come after work
 Christians should avoid leisure activities that lead to sins e.g. gambling, drunkenness and sexual
immorality.
 Christians should engage in activities that promote their respect and dignity.
 Leisure activity should be done for the glory of God (Any 7x1=7marks)

(c) Dangers of using illicit drugs among the youth in Kenya today
 There is an increase in rate of crimes committee
 Use of illicit drugs leads to sexual immorality/contracting STIs /HIV and AIDS;
 Dependence on illicit drugs depletes resources leading to poverty/lowers productivity;
 Illicit drugs can damage vital organs/ill health;
 Illicit drugs cause indiscipline in institutions of learning;
 The number of street children/families is increasing as a result of using the drugs;
 Use of illicit drugs is illegal/the offenders are liable for punishment;
 Use of illicit drugs can cause employer/employee conflicts;
 Illicit drug users become irresponsible/quarrelsome/irritable leading to family
Disagreements/breakup
 Use of illicit drugs can lead to murder/death;
 Addiction (Any 7x1=7marks)

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6. (a) Reasons why laws are important to the people of Kenya
 Laws safeguard people’s rights/citizen’s rights.
 People’s property is protected under the law.
 They protect the consumer from exploitation.
 It allows/provides for economic development/growth.
 Individuals are able to enjoy the freedom of worship.
 The law acts as a check/measure of those in authority.
 The law outlines how foreigners should be handled.
 They control taxation/collection of revenue.
 It enables the government to protect its citizens against oppression.
 The law determines the type of punitive measures for a crime done/prevents crime.
 It ensures political stability in a country/nation (order/peace/love/unity).
 It outlines the relationship between different nations/countries. (First 6x1=6marks)

(b) Rights of a Kenyan citizen

 Rights to life/ live
 Rights to have basic needs/ food/ shelter/ clothing
 Right to receive education
 Right to marry/ raise up a family/ belong to a family
 Right to have freedom of association/ assembly
 Right to freedom of speech/ receive information/ expression
 Right to own property
 Freedom of worship
 Right to liberty/ movement
 Right to work/ earn a living
 Right to medical care/ health
 Right to security/ protection by law
 Freedom of conscience / right to vote (First 7x1=7marks)

(c) Reasons why Christians in Kenya are against the capital punishment
 The law of God forbids killing
 Death sentence is irreversible in case an innocent person is killed
 Life is sacred/belongs to God
 Killing does not reform the offender
 The offender’s right as human being is undermined as he/she is used as a means to deter others
 It is against God’s principle of forgiveness
 It undermines Christian virtue of love
 The victim’s dependants/family are denied a chance to be with their loved one
 It can be misused by those in power to instill fear/discourage opposing views/eliminate others
(Any 7x1=7marks)

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KANDARA I - FORM FOUR END OF TERM TWO EXAM 2022.
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 ½ Hours.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
(a) This paper consists of six questions.
(b) Answer any five questions.
(c) Each question carries 20 marks.

1. a) State the responsibilities given to human beings by God in Genesis chapter 1 and 2. (6 marks)
b) Outline the differences in the two accounts of creation in Genesis chapter 1 and 2. (8 marks)
c) Outline six ways in which Christian’s care for God’s creation. (6 marks)

2. a) Describe the incident when Abraham was willing to sacrifice his son Isaac. (Genesis 22:1-19).
(8 marks)
b) Give seven similarities between the Jewish and traditional African practice of circumcision.
(7 marks)
c) Give five reasons why circumcision was important to the Jews. (5 marks)

3. a) Explain four conditions that made it difficult for Prophet Elijah to stop Idolatry in Israel.
(8 marks)
b) Identify characteristics of the Canaanite religion. (7 marks)
c) What lessons do Christians learn about Elijah from his prophetic ministry? (5 marks)

4. a) State the differences between prophets in the Old Testament and Traditional African Society.
(8 marks)
b) Explain three teachings of prophet Amos on hypocritical religion in Israel. (6 marks)
c) State six factors that hinder Christians from practicing their faith in God. (6 marks)

5. a) Outline the problems that Nehemiah encountered in rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem. (8 marks)
b) Give six characteristics of the New Covenant foreseen by prophet Jeremiah. (6 marks)
c) What lessons do Christians learn from prophet Jeremiah’s teaching on the New Covenant?
(6 marks)
6. a) What was the role of ancestors in Traditional African Communities? (7 marks)
b) Identify eight moral values acquired during marriage in Traditional African Community.
(8 marks)
c) State five changes that have taken place in property ownership today. (5 marks)

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KANDARA I - FORM FOUR END OF TERM TWO EXAM 2022.
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 ½ Hours.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
(a) This paper consists of six questions.
(b) Answer any five questions.
(c) Each question carries 20 marks.

1. (a) Outline events leading to the singing of the Benedictus (8mks)

(b) State the contents of the Benedictus. (6mks)
(c) Give the importance of singing in church today. (6mks)

2. (a) Give the account of Jesus healing the paralysed man in Luke 5: 17 – 26. (8mks)
(b) State seven reasons why Jesus was always in conflict with the Jewish religious leaders
in Galilee. (7mks)
(c) Identify the qualities of an evangelist in Kenya today. (5mks)

3. (a) Outline the message delivered by Jesus during the last supper. (8mks)
(b) Give six reasons why Judas Iscariot betrayed Jesus. (6mks)
(c) State six ways in which Christians are persecuted today. (6mks)

4. (a) Identify seven gifts of the Holy Spirit from the teachings of St. Paul. (7mks)
(b) Give five criteria of discerning gifts of the Holy Spirit. (5mks)
(c) Explain the works of the Holy Spirit among Christians today. (8mks)

5. (a) Outline Christians teaching on celibacy. (6mks)

(b) Identify seven causes of irresponsible sex behavior. (7mks)
(c) Explain Christians teaching on irresponsible sexual behaviour. (7 mks)

6. (a) State seven functions of professional codes of ethics. (7mks)

(b) Give seven factors a Christian should consider when choosing a career. (7mks)
(c) Identify six factors that cause unemployment in Kenya today. (6mks)

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KANDARA I - FORM FOUR END OF TERM TWO EXAM 2022.
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME
1. a) State the responsibilities given to human beings by God in Genesis chapter 1 and 2.
(6marks)
i) To cultivate and garden and guard it.
ii) To procreate and have children.
iii) To be in charge of fish, the birds and the animals, rule over God’s creation.
iv) To rule the rest of creation, to care, to conserve and preserve the environment.
v) To obey God and His commands.
vi) To get married for companionship.
Any 6x1=6 marks
b) Outline the differences in the two accounts of creation in Genesis chapter 1 and 2.
(8 marks)
i) The creation of the firmament, the sun, the moon, stars, fish and creeping animals is only mentioned
in the first story.
ii) The planting of the Garden of Eden and the making of the river is only mentioned in the second
story.
iii) The creation in the first account is out of nothing (word) but out of substance in the second account
e.g. the creation of man.
iv) In the first account, creation took place for six days and God rested on the seventh day (Sabbath)
while there is no mention of duration and the Sabbath day in the second story.
v) The first account is God-centered i.e. God is pictured as the one doing the work of creation while
the second account is man-centered i.e. man is created first and the rest of the creatures are then
made to serve the needs of man.
vi) Marriage is meant for procreation in the first account (Genesis 1:38) while it is meant for
companionship in the second story. (Genesis 2:23 – 24)
vii) In the first account man was created last but in the second account man is created first.
viii) In the second story there is mention of the forbidden tree of knowledge of good and evil which is
not mentioned in the first account.
ix) In the first account God affirms the goodness of all that he created but this is lacking in the second
account.
x) The privileges and responsibilities given to man are more emphasized in the first account. (Genesis
1:26 – 30)
xi) In the second account human beings are forbidden to eat the fruits of the tree in the middle but in
the second, they can eat all plants yielding seeds and none is forbidden.
Any 4x2=8 Marks
c) Outline SIX ways in which Christians care for God’s creation. (6marks)
i) All creation is very good, human beings should treat the rest of the creation with respect and
severance
ii) Christians should preserve, conserve and donate towards the environment conservation.
iii) Christians can care for God’s creation like wild animals by building game reserves.
iv) Christians contribute to the scientific discovery of medicine to wild animal diseases by providing
money donations to such institution.
v) Christians can care for God’s creation by standing to condone clearing/cutting of vegetation/trees
i.e. deforestation.
vi) Christians should come together and join hands on controlling soil erosion e.g. gully erosion.
1ST 6x1=6 Marks

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2. a) Describe the incident when Abraham was willing to sacrifice his son Isaac. (Genesis 22:1-19).
(8marks)
i) God told Abraham to take his only son to the land of Moriah/ to offer him as a sacrifice.
ii) Abraham took his son, two servants and wood for burnt offering.
iii) They arrived at the place after a three day’s journey.
iv) Abraham commanded his servants to remain behind as he and Isaac went up to worship.
v) He took Isaac, the firewood and the knife, and went up.
vi) Isaac asked his father where the lamb for the offering would come from.
vii) Abraham told Isaac that God would provide the lamb for a burnt offering.
viii) When they arrived at the place God had commanded, Abraham built an altar.
ix) He bound Isaac/laid him on the altar upon the wood.
x) Abraham took the knife to slay his son but the angel of the Lord stopped him.
xi) Abraham saw a ram, which he offered instead of his son.
xii) He called the name of the place, The Lord will provide.
xiii) The angle appeared to Abraham a second time and gave him promises because of his obedience.
xiv) Abraham returned with his men to Beersheba.
Any 8x1=8 marks
b) Give SEVEN similarities between the Jewish and traditional African practice of circumcision.
(7marks)
i) In both cases, it promotes one into full membership of the community.
ii) In both cases, it is a mark of identification of a person to a particular community.
iii) In both, it is carried out on male children.
iv) In both cases, circumcision has a religious significance.
v) In both cases, special people/ religious leaders/heads of the community carry out the operations.
vi) In both cases, it unites the members with the ancestors.
vii) In both cases, members receive new names.
viii) In both cases, the rite is carried on from generation to generation/ is compulsory/ whoever fails to
observe it is considered an outcast.
ix) In both cases, the ritual is a communal affair.
x) In both cases, it involves the cutting of the foreskin.
1ST 7x1=7 Marks
c) Give FIVE reasons why circumcision was important to the Jews. (5marks)
i) It was an outward sign of Abraham’s and his descendants’ covenant relationship with God.
ii) It was an outward sign of a male Jew’s true belonging to the Jewish community.
iii) It was an outward sign of the inner faith for Abraham and his descendants that they were called to
a life of obedience to God.
iv) It identified the Israelites as God’s chosen race.
v) Through it, Abraham and his descendants were assured of inheriting God’s blessings.
vi) It confirmed that Abraham was obedient and faithful to God.
vii) It was a sign of continued love and protection from God which the Israelites were to enjoy.
viii) It signified purity/ cleanliness.
1ST 5x1=5 marks

3. a) Explain FOUR conditions that made it difficult for Prophet Elijah to stop Idolatry in Israel.
(8marks)
i) The existence of false prophets who gave false promises to the Israelites.
ii) King Ahab had allowed his Phoenician wife to bring the worship of false gods and goddesses.
iii) Jezebel had brought foreign gods and goddesses in Israel.
iv) Jezebel ordered the persecution of the true prophets of God.
v) King Ahab had allowed the building of temples/ high places for the worship of Baal.
vi) The Canaanite religion had a strong influence on the Israelites.
vii) The king participated in idol worship/Baalism made an official religion.
viii) The idol gods could be seen/ touched so they appeared real.
1ST 4x2=8 marks

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b) Identify characteristics of the Canaanite religion. (7marks)
i) It was based on nature/cosmic/cyclic/changes in seasons.
ii) It was polytheistic/comprised of many gods and goddesses
iii) Temple prostitution was part of the worship of gods/goddesses
iv) Human and animal sacrifices were made to the gods/goddesses
v) Festivals/feasts were celebrated in honor of the gods/goddesses
vi) Rituals were performed to ensure continued fertility and well-being of the community
vii) There were prophets and prophetesses for each god/goddess
viii) Each god and goddesses played a specific role in the community
ix) There was a chief god and goddesses
x) Temples/shrine/high places of worship of gods/goddesses
Any 7x1=7 marks
c) What lessons do Christians learn about Elijah from his prophetic ministry? (5marks)
i) Elijah was Truthful.
ii) Elijah was Courageous.
iii) Elijah had Faith/ trust in God.
iv) Elijah showed Kindness.
v) Elijah was Loving/ caring.
vi) Elijah was Honest.
vii) Elijah was Responsible.
viii) Elijah was Loyal/obedient to God.
ix) Elijah was Respectful.
x) Elijah was Prayerful.
Any 5x1=5 marks
4. a) State the differences between prophets in the Old Testament and Traditional African
Society. (8 marks)
i) The Old Testament prophets stress the worship of God/ monotheism while in some traditional
African communities, prophets recognized many gods/goddesses.
ii) The Old Testament received their power/guidance directly from god while the African traditional
prophets got their power from God through the living dead /spirits.
iii) The Old Testament prophets received opposition from their people and most of them were rejected
while traditional prophets were respected and obeyed by their communities.
iv) The work of the Old Testament prophets were recorded and reserved while ATR the work of
prophets was handed over through oral traditions.
v) Traditional African prophets confined their prophecies to their communities while Old Testament
prophets prophecies not only to Judah and Israel but also to the other nations.
vi) While in some traditional African communities the office of the prophets is hereditary in the O.T
it was not.
vii) The Old Testament prophets preached about the gospel of salvation and the coming messiah while
the traditional African prophets did not.
viii) The Old Testaments prophets were teachers since they taught their people about the will of God
and His law, while Traditional African prophets were not teachers and were only concerned with
predictions.
Any 4x2=8 marks
b) Explain THREE teachings of prophet Amos on hypocritical religion in Israel. (6 marks)
i. Idolatry
 The Israelite worshipped god’s e.g. Sakkuth and Kaiwan the Assyrian gods.
 This was the violation of the first and the second commandments which the Israelites were given
by God Amos 5:26
 Amos told the people that the true religion involved commitment to justice and righteousness.
ii. Syncretism
 The Israelites mixed the worship of Yahweh with other practices (Amos 2:8)
 Amos warned the Israelites who worshipped idols that they would fall and never rise again (Amos
8:14)

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iii. Empty sacrifices.
 Amos condemned the Israelites because of their elaborate offerings they made at Bethel and Gilgal.
 The offerings were made /done to show off and not one of love for the true God (Amos 4:4-5)
 Amos told them that God rejected their burnt and grain offering and their worship activities (Amos
5:21-23)
1ST 3x2=6 marks
c) State SIX factors that hinder Christians from practicing their faith in Go(6 marks)
i) Lack of role-models/mentorship.
ii) Job commitment.
iii) Social injustices.
iv) Peer pressure.
v) False teachings/different interpretation of the Bible.
vi) Greed for power/wealth.
vii) Permissiveness in society.
viii) Science and technology.
ix) Poverty/unemployment.
x) Sickness/ill health.
xi) Influence from mass media.
xii) Cultural influence/Ethnicity/Racism.
xiii) Gender bias.
xiv) Generation gap. (1 S T 6 x 1= 6 marks)

5. a) Outline the problems that Nehemiah encountered in rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem.
(8 marks)
i) The officials of Tekoa did not co-operate with him ( Neh 3:5)
ii) He was ridiculed by Sanballat and Tobiah. Neh 2:17 – 19, 4: 2- 3
iii) He received threats of violence from the enemies Neh 4: 7 – 8
iv) A trap was laid to derail his mission of rebuilding the wall. Neh 4: 12
v) There was a plot to kill him. Neh 6: 2 -3
vi) Insecurity from the enemies Neh 4: 11 – 12
vii) False prophets tried to discourage him. Neh 6: 14
viii) Opposition from the Jewish nobles Neh 4: 19
ix) False accusation from his enemies Neh 6: 5-9
Any 8x1=8 marks
b) Give SIX characteristics of the New Covenant foreseen by prophet Jeremiah. (6 marks)
i) The laws would be written in the hearts of men and women.
ii) Every individual would know God individually.
iii) It would be on everlasting covenant/would not be broken again.
iv) There would be individual responsibility/suffering for ones sins.
v) God would forgive their sins/remember them no more.
vi) It would be established after God punishes Israel/with the remnant.
vii) It would establish a new Israeli a new people of God.
viii) It would be initiated by God.
1ST 6x1=6 marks
c) What lessons do Christians learn from prophet Jeremiah’s teaching on the New Covenant?
(6 marks)
i) They should internalize the Law of God/ laws of God are in their hearts
ii) They should have personal relationship with God/ know God personally
iii) There is individual responsibility/ punishment when one sins
iv) There is forgiveness of sins if one repents/ reconciliation
v) Christians have an everlasting relationship with God
vi) Those who repent their sins have a new beginning
vii) The need to have faith in God
viii) They should obey practice the law of God

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ix) They learn that the new covenant is fulfilled in the coming of Jesus Christ
any 6x1=6 marks

6. a) What was the role of ancestors in Traditional African Communities? (7 marks)

i) Provided protection from diseases and calamities
ii) They blessed the living with livestock, rain and good health
iii) Solved problems of the living by instructing them through dreams on what to do
iv) Punished offenders and were the guardians of morality
v) They warned the living of impending danger
vi) Mediated between the living and God
vii) Helped people to become specialist
viii) Ancestors provided people with a sense of identity
ix) Thy are guardians of religious and cultural practices of the community
x) They received the souls of dead family members into the spiritual world
any 7x1= 7 marks

b) Identify eight moral values acquired during marriage in Traditional African Community. (8
marks)
i) Friendship i.e. couples end up being friends as they share their family duties.
ii) Love- couples end up being emotional to each other as they also establish love to other family
members.
iii) Responsibility – married members take up new duties in a community which calls for their
accountability.
iv) Respect- married couples are respected because of their status
v) Co-operation- they learn to work with other members in the society
vi) Hard work- they are expected to be dedicated in their work
vii) Patience- they should exercise patience in case of differences in marriages
viii) Honesty- they should handle family resources in a trustworthy way
ix) Self-control- they should refrain from quarrels and fights
x) Mutual concern and care- they are required to work for the well-being of their partners and other
family members.
xi) Obedience- they should follow rules and regulations of the community
xii) Generosity- they are expected to assist members of the community when called upon
xiii) Humility- they should humble themselves to their seniors and in laws
xiv) Courage- they should face challenges of marriage with a lot of determination to Succeed.
1ST 8x1=8 marks

c) State five changes that have taken place in property ownership today. (5 marks)
i) Women/ children can now own property
ii) Wealth is no longer determined by number of wives/ children
iii) Introduction of money economy has reduced value of land
iv) Role of elders in sharing property has been eroded
v) Land is individually owned through issuance of title deed
vi) People write wills to show/ decide who should inherit their property
vii) Property can be owned outside one’s ancestral home
viii) Land can be sold/ auctioned
1ST 5x1=5 marks

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KANDARA I - FORM FOUR END OF TERM TWO EXAM 2022.
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEME
1. (a) Events leading to the singing of the Benedictus
i) Elizabeth gave birth to the son
ii) There was celebration and happiness by the relatives
iii) On the 8th day, the boy was circumcised in accordance to Jewish traditions
iv) During the naming, Elizabeth named the boy John
v) There was an argument on the name John as it was not customary
vi) Zachariah who was dumb gave the same name in writing which surprised many people
vii) Zachariah regained speech as the people marveled
viii) Zachariah was filled with the Holy spirit
ix) Zachariah praised God loudly
x) He sang a song which became known as the Benedictus (Any 8x1=8marks)
(b) Contents of the Benedictus
i) Praises should go to God of Israel for redeeming his people
ii) God has raised up a horn of salvation in the house of David
iii) This event had been prophesied by his Holy prophets
iv) He was going to remember his holy covenant with Abraham to rescue them
v) He was going to rescue them so that they could serve him without fear and holiness all the days
vi) To John he said he would be called a prophet of the highest.
vii) John was going to prepare the way for the lord
viii) He was going to give the people the knowledge of salvation through the forgiveness of their sins.
ix) He would give people the knowledge of salvation because of God’s tender mercy
x) The sun would shine on them from heaven and guide them into the path of peace
(Any 6x1=6mks)
(c) The importance of singing in the church today
i) It is an opportunity to praise God
ii) Christians pray through singing
iii) Singing creates an atmosphere of worship
iv) Singing entertains and relaxes the mind
v) The singing removes boredom because of the varied activities during singing
vi) Non-believers are attracted to church through singing
vii) Those who feel depressed are encouraged through singing
viii) Singing unites and brings worshipers together as they join in a chorus or a song
ix) Through singing the members express feelings for God and ask God for their daily needs.
x) Through singing Christians pass spiritual teachings
xi) It is one way of obeying the biblical teachings (David sung Psalms to God)
(Any 6x1=6mks)
2. (a) An account of Jesus healings of the paralysed man
i) As Jesus was teaching, many people came to listen to him
ii) There was a large crowd of people in the room where Jesus was teaching
iii) Some people came carrying a paralysed man but they were unable to reach him
iv) They climbed up the roof and removed tiles and lowered the paralysed man through the roof
v) Jesus told the paralyzed man that his sins were forgiven
vi) The Pharisees and teachers of the law questioned Jesus’ power to forgive sins
vii) They accused Jesus of blasphemy as they believed that only God would forgive sins.
viii) Knowing of their thoughts Jesus challenged them by asking them if it was easier to say ‘your sins
are forgiven’ or to say ‘get up and walk’
ix) He told the man to pick his bed and go home.
(Any 8x1=8mks)

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(b) Reasons why Jesus was always in conflict with the Jewish religious leaders in Galilee
i) Jesus touched a man with leprosy which was against the Jewish law
ii) He forgave sins which the Pharisees knew only God could have done when he healed paralysed
man
iii) He mixed and ate with tax collectors who were known to be sinners
iv) Jesus made it clear to them that he had not come to call the righteous but sinners to repentance
v) His disciples did not like those of John the Baptist which annoyed Pharisees
vi) He challenged them to move from the old traditional order to the new order which he had brought
vii) The disciples of Jesus plucked and ate grains on the Sabbath day which was unlawful. He healed
a man with a withered hand on the Sabbath day (1ST 7x1=7mks)
(c) The qualities of an evangelist in Kenya today
i) Should be knowledgeable and conversant with God’s word (the bible)
ii) Should obey God’s commandments
iii) Have faith in Jesus
iv) Preach the gospel and win others to the kingdom of God
v) Should help the needy
vi) Live a life of fellowship with others
vii) Ready to suffer for Christ.
viii) Be exemplary the salt and light of the world
ix) Pray all the time for guidance
x) Condemn evils in society
(Any 5x1=5mks)
3. a The message delivered by Jesus on the last supper
i) He expressed his desire to have the meal with his disciples before passion
ii) He was not to eat meal again until the kingdom comes
iii) He asked the disciples to continue celebrating the meal
iv) His blood would be poured out to seal the new covenant
v) the disciples should humble themselves if they have to be great
vi) The disciples were assured of a place in heaven for having stood by him.
vii) The disciples will assist Jesus in judging Israel
viii) Simon Peter will fall into temptation
ix) Peter was to take care of the other disciples
x) The time had come for the fulfillment of all that was written about him
(Any 8x1=8mks)
(b) Reasons why Judas Iscariot betrayed Jesus
i) He could have been an informer of the Jewish leaders
ii) He may have been overcome by the power of evil.
iii) He had little faith in Jesus
iv) He was motivated by the greed for money
v) He could have been disappointed by the fact that Jesus was not the political messiah expected by
many Jews.
vi) It was God’s plan of fulfilling the Old Testament prophecies
vii) He wanted to test the messiahship Jesus (First 6x1=6mks)
(c) How Christians are being persecuted today
i) Christians have at times been locked up in custody
ii) Christians have been silenced through threats from powerful people
iii) They have been denied public audience
iv) Christians are scorned upon by non-believers
v) Their message is rejected as untrue
vi) Christians are challenged by marvels of science
vii) Christians are harassed by political systems
viii) Christians are beaten up by rivals
ix) They face opposition from other religions

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x) Some Christians have been exiled because of their ideologies that may not agree with those in
political power
xi) In some countries Christians have been discriminated against in the job market
(First 6x1=6marks)
4. (a) The gifts of the Holy spirit from the teaching of Paul
i) Speaking in tongues
ii) Interpreting words spoken in tongues
iii) Healing the sick
iv) Prophecy
v) Love
vi) Faith
vii) wisdom
viii) Performing miracles (1ST 7x1=7marks)
(b) The criteria of discerning gifts of the Holy Spirit
i) Confession that Jesus in Lord
ii) Guided by the Holy spirit
iii) Worship of one true God
iv) Service to all Christians in church without discrimination
v) Those with the holy spirit show love and honesty
vi) Those with the holy spirit have faith
vii) Bear fruits and are known by their works
viii) Avoid desire of the flesh
ix) Live according to the teachings of Jesus (1ST 5x1=5marks)
(c) The works of the holy spirit among Christians today
i) Prayers which lead to healing of people
ii) Decision making and problem solving which faster unity of the church
iii) Speaking in tongues to receive messages of the Holy spirit
iv) Use of song and dance in worship to spread the gospel
v) Evangelization by preaching to spread the word of God
vi) Works of the charity by the church or is divided in church
vii) Condemning and correcting those in power
viii) Through the gift of discerning the spirits believers are able to tell the type of spirit that is in
operation.
ix) Through the healing many people are healed as they are prayed for.
x) The holy spirit convicts sinners and makes them to confess their sins
(Any 8x1=marks)
5. (a) Christian teaching about celibacy
i) It is a gift from God
ii) It is a way of leading a holy life
iii) It is an alternative to marriage
iv) It is way of serving God better
v) Celibates dedicate time to God
vi) It involves the virtue of temperance (Any 6x1=6marks)
(b) Causes of irresponsible sexual behavior
i) Exposure to pornographic literature
ii) Permissive immoral society
iii) Breakdown in traditional customs
iv) Availability of contraceptives among youth
v) Curiosity among the youth
vi) Irresponsible mass media
vii) Adolescent biological changes in the body
viii) Scanty dressing that provoke minds
(1ST 7x1=7mks)

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c. Explain Christian teaching on irresponsible sexual behavior.
i) These behaviors are against the will of God regarding sexual relationships
ii) They are inconsistence with Christian teachings and principles
iii) Those involved break ten commandments
iv) It is wickedness
v) It is unholy and dirty before God
vi) It is spiritually unclean
vii) It is lack of consideration for others welfare
viii) It defiles the human body which i.e the temple of the Holy spirit
ix) It is against the teachings of the bible
x) It undermines the divinely given purpose of sex
xi) It can lead to the breakup of marriage in case of adultery
xii) It can lead to unplanned pregnancies
(Any 7x1=7mks)
6. (a) Functions of professional /code of ethics
i) Make an individual to work professionally with those they are dealing with.
ii) Guards against people being exposed to pressure from work fairly and with justice
iii) Makes one develop a good public image about a given profession at procedures
iv) Protects the rights of the people they serve.
v) Determines the entry requirements/ qualifications needed in a given profession
vi) Maintains the dignity of the profession
vii) Maintains the standards of the service
(1ST 7x1=7mks)
(b) What a Christian can consider when choosing a career
i) Their ability in academics, finance and other skills
ii) Whether they have heard a call from God
iii) Whether they have the talent to pursue the career they have chosen
iv) Whether they will enjoy their chosen career
v) Whether it will bring in enough income to meet their basic needs
vi) Whether their career will help promote Christian or living virtues in society.
vii) Whether their choice in career allows room for them to develop
(1ST 7x1=7marks)
(c) Factors that cause unemployment in Kenya today
i) Slow economic growth rate compared to the high population growth rate
ii) Inadequate funds to start self-employment projects
iii) Inadequate resources e.g. land for those who want to be self employed
iv) Laziness which promotes idleness among the youths
v) Most of the youth prefer white collar jobs
vi) Most of the country fall in low potential or marginal areas
vii) Expatriates in the country take up jobs that would have been done by local people
viii) Some people hold more than one job at the expense of others without.
ix) Low investment due to corruption, bad government and private sector.
x) Redundancy policies applied by government and private sector
xi) Technological inventions which have replaced human labour
(Any 6 x1=6 marks)

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KAPSABET HIGH SCHOOL
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Paper 1
August 2022
Time: 2 ½ Hours

Instructions to Candidates:
The question paper has six questions.
The candidate should answer any five questions.

1 a) State the Deutero - canonical books of the Catholic bible. (6 mks)

b) Give reasons why the bible is viewed as one complete book and not two different sub-sections.
(7mks)
c) Mention any seven ways in which Christians use the Bible to spread the gospel today. (7 mks)

2 a) Outline six ways how God cared for the Israelites during the Exodus. . (6 mks)
b) State seven reasons why the Israelites broke the Sinai covenant. (7 mks)
c) Outline the importance of faith in modern life. (7 mks)

3 a) Identify ways through which King Solomon fulfilled Samuel’s prophecy. (7 mks)
b) State seven causes of religious schism between Judah and Israel. (7 mks)
c) Give six life skills one can apply to fight inter-denominational conflicts. (6 mks)

4 a) State six titles given to prophets in the Old Testament. (6 mks)

b) Explain six evils committed by other nations that were to be punished by God according to Prophet
Amos. (6 mks)
c) Mention eight ways how Christians can avoid God’s punishment today. (8 mks)
5 a) Describe how the people of Judah renewed their covenant with God under the leadership of Ezra.
(8 mks)
b) Outline Nehemiah’s reforms in Israel. (6 mks)
c) With reference to Nehemiah’s final reforms, give lessons that modern Christians leaders can
learn. (6 mks)

6. a) Explain any five methods of teaching the youth in traditional African society. (10mks)
(b) Identify the qualities for one to become a leader in the African Traditional society. (5mks)
(c) State the changes on land tenure system in traditional African society. (5mks)

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KAPSABET HIGH SCHOOL
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Paper 2
August 2022
Time: 2 ½ Hours

Instructions to Candidates:
The question paper has six questions.
The candidate should answer any five questions.

1. (a) State six similarities in the annunciations of the birth of John the Baptist and Jesus Christ.
(6 marks)
(b) With reference to Lk1:13-17, outline the message of Angel Gabriel about John to
Zechariah. (7 marks)
(c) What lessons do Christians learn about family relationships from the incident
when Jesus accompanied His pare4nts for the Passover Festival? (7 marks)

2. (a) With reference to the Sermon on the Plain, state five teachings of Jesus on how
human beings should relate to one another. (7 marks)
(b) Describe the incident in which Jesus calmed the storm. Lk 8: 22-25 (7 marks)
(c) Give six reasons why Christians should have faith in God. (6 marks)

3. (a) Give an account of Jesus’ teaching on watchfulness and readiness. Luke 12:35-48. (7 marks)
(b) How did Jesus celebrate the Last Supper with his disciples? Luke 22:14-38 (7 marks)
(c) Give six reasons why the disciples found it difficult to believe that Jesus had
resurrected. (6 marks)

4. (a) Explain four ways in which the unity of believers is expressed in the Body of
Christ. 1 Corinthians 12:12-26 (8 marks)
(b) Outline St. Paul’s teaching on how the gifts of the Holy Spirit should be used in
the church. (5 marks)
(c) Give seven ways in which Christians prevent divisions in the church in Kenya
today. (7 marks)

5. (a) Outline seven similarities between traditional African and Christian teaching on
marriage (7 marks)
(b) Give seven problems associated with childlessness in marriage today (7 marks)
(c) Mention six ways through which Christians can resolve misunderstanding
between parents and their children (6 marks)

6. (a) Outline seven ways how law, order and justice is maintained in Traditional
African communities today (7 marks)
(b) Outline seven roles played by the church to alleviate poverty in Kenya (7 marks)
(c) Give six reasons why Christians should declare their wealth. (6 marks)

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KAPSABET HIGH SCHOOL
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Paper 1
MARKING SCHEME
1 a) State six deutero canonical books in the catholic bible. (6 mks)
i) Tobit
ii) Judith
iii) Ecclesiasticus
iv) Baruch/Esdras I and II
v) Maccabees I
vi) Maccabees II
vii) Wisdom First 6x1=6marks

b) Give reasons why the bible is viewed one complete book and not two different sub- sections.
(7 mks)
i) God portrayed in the Old Testament is the same God in the New Testament.
ii) The nature of God is revealed in the Old Testament and the same nature is revealed in the New
Testament.
iii) The salvation history is talked about in both testaments.
iv) Some promises made by God in the Old Testament is fulfilled in the new testament
v) God’s judgment of sin leads to punishment in both.
vi) Covenants are sealed by blood in both testaments. Old testament blood from animals and blood of
Jesus in the new testament
vii) Covenant relationship is portrayed in both testaments 7x1=7 marks

c) Mention any seven ways in which Christians use the Bible to spread the gospel today. (7
mks)
i) The bible is a main source book for Christians preaching/sermons
ii) The bible is used when composing songs/singing
iii) It is used in production of Christian movies, videos, radio programs, plays etc
iv) It is used to organize bible studies/ teaching Sunday and Sabbath schools/ strengthens one’s faith.
v) Verses from the bible are used for imprints /posters, cloths etc
vi) The bible is used in the teaching of Christian religious education.
vii) The bible is used in writing of doctrines for different denominations.
viii) It is used to offer guidance and counseling.
ix) The bible is used in religious ceremonies e.g. wedding/funerals/baptism
x) Mostly used in churches during prayer sessions
xi) Some Christians are involved in the bible translation process. First 7x1=7 marks

2 a) Outline six ways how God cared for the Israelites during the Exodus. (6 mks)
i) At the crossing of Red Sea, God instructed Moses to hold his rod over the sea and the water divided,
the Israelites crossed but the Egyptian soldiers who had pursued them drowned.
ii) God provide the Israelites with water to drink at Marah at Mt. Sinai.
iii) God provided with quails and manna for them to eat when they complained about the lack of food.
iv) When they were attacked by the Amalekites who were hostile desert tribe, God gave the Israelites
victory over them.
v) God guided them through a cloud of smoke by day and a pillar of fire at night throughout the
journey.
vi) God gave them the Ten Commandments to guide them on the right relationship with God and one
another.
vii) God entered into a covenant relationship with the Israelites in order to continue with His plan of
salvation.

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viii) God forgave them when they broke the covenant and gave them a new set of the Ten
Commandments. First 6x1=6marks

b) State seven reasons why the Israelites broke the Sinai covenant. (7 mks)
i) Availability of gold ornaments ready to make the golden calf.
ii) They became impatient and restless and could no longer wait for Moses to return.
iii) They wanted some image to represent God (Yahweh) and lead them in place of Moses.
iv) They were afraid of being in the wilderness and wanted to reach Canaan quickly.
v) The laws demanded for greater obedience.
vi) They wanted an easier kind of religion.
vii) They were influenced by polytheistic religion block in Israel.
viii) Aaron provided weak leadership/ weak in faith First 7x1=7 marks

c) Outline the importance of faith in modern life. (7 mks)

i) Enables us to perceive God \s commandment
ii) It strengthens us to understand better as he fulfils his promises.
iii) Helps us face challenges with confidence because victory is assured.
iv) It makes life meaningful due to the hope for eternity.
v) It brings blessing to those who trust and believe.
vi) Enables us to believe that God provides for our needs.
vii) Christians should live a prayerful life. First 7x1=7 marks

3 a) Identify ways through which King Solomon fulfilled Samuel’s prophecy. (7 mks)
i) Solomon used forced labour during the construction of his palace and the temple.
ii) He overtaxed the Israelites to provide for the upkeep of his palace and the army.
iii) He grabbed the property of the Israelites and gave it to his officials.
iv) He forced their sons to join the army.
v) He took their daughters and made them perfumers and concubines/enslaved them.
vi) Through marriage alliances with other nations, Israel lost its identity as God’s nation.
vii) He was oppressive in his rule e.g. he killed his brother Adonijah who was a threat to his throne.
viii) He sold part of Israel’s land which was a sacred property.
ix) He allowed his wives to bring the false gods into Israel.
x) He built high places for the gods of his wives.
First 7x1=7 marks
b) State seven causes of religious schism between Judah and Israel. (7 mks)
i) The introduction of the foreign gods by wives of King Solomon.
ii) Solomon allowed his foreign wives to worship their gods which displeased Yahweh.
iii) The building of high places for foreign gods in Israel by King Jeroboam I.
iv) Failures of King Solomon to keep the covenant with God not to worship foreign gods/intermarry
with other nations.
v) Oppression of the Israelites through over taxation introduced by Solomon.
vi) Introduction of forced labour and heavy taxation in Israel by King Solomon led to discontentment
among the Israelites.
vii) Rehoboam’s rejection of the elder’s advice to rule less harshly.
viii) Rehoboam’s following the advice of young men to rule more harshly than Solomon.
ix) The readiness of Jeroboam to lead the rebellious tribe.
x) Long standing internal conflicts in the house of King David. Solomon favored the southern tribes
causing the Northern tribes to rebel.
xi) Failure of King Solomon to guide his son First 7x1=7 marks

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c) Give six life skills one can apply to fight inter/denominational conflicts. (6 mks)
i) Creative thinking_ this is by exploring possibilities of doing tasks and solving problems in more
than one way.
ii) Critical thinking / this is the ability to think and ask questions in situations.
iii) Decision making/ being in a position to make the right choice.
iv) Assertiveness/ ability to express one\s opinion strongly and with confidence.
v) Self-esteem/ this is the feeling of being contented with ones/ character and abilities.
vi) Role model/ a situation where one leads by practicing exemplary life beyond reproach.
First 6x1=6 marks
4 a) State six titles given to prophets in the Old Testament. (6 mks)
i) Gods’ messengers/spokesman
ii) Shepherds of Gods people
iii) Gods’ servants
iv) Seers
v) Gods’ watchman/watchman of God’s word
vi) Man of the spirit
vii) A nabi
viii) Interpreter of God’s word
ix) Man of God First 6x1=6 marks

(b) Explain six evils committed by other nations that were to be punished by God according to
Prophet Amos. (6 mks)
i) Syria had committed war crimes by being severally cruel to the pregnant women of Gilead.
ii) Philistia had sold their fellow citizens into slavery to Edom.
iii) Tyre (Phoenicia) had violated the covenant terms of brotherhood with Israelites and exiled them
to Edom.
iv) Moab had fought and raided the royal graves of the kings of Edom and burnt their bones.
v) Edom had enslaved Israel, her brother and its citizens.
vi) Ammon committed war crimes / murdered their neighbors and by being brutal to pregnant women
of Gilead. First 6x1=6 marks

c) Mention eight ways how Christians can avoid God\s punishment today. (8 mks)
i) By always repenting/ asking for forgiveness every time they commit sin
ii) By always attending/going to church/fellowships
iii) By praying fervently/asking God to forgive them their iniquities
iv) By having absolute faith in God
v) By involving themselves in Gods ministry /spreading the gospel to non/Christians/evangelism
vi) By providing financial/ material support to the needy/charity work
vii) By championing against all forms of discrimination or oppression of the poor in the society.
viii) By condemning leaders who propagate social injustices.
ix) Following the commandments of God.
First 8x1=8marks

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5 a) Describe how the people of Judah renewed their covenant with God under the leadership of
Ezra. (8 mks)
i) The covenant renewal ceremony was held in Jerusalem in the seventh month of the Jewish
calendar.
ii) It was led by Levites (priests) including Ezra who was a priest and scribe.
iii) A great public assembly was held in the square inside the water gate in Jerusalem.
iv) Ezra and the Levites read the law aloud and expounded it to the people.
v) The people worshipped/ praised God and cried out in guilt when the law was explained.
vi) Ezra, Nehemiah and the Levites calmed them down.
vii) They were instructed to return to their homes and celebrate.
viii) They feasted and observed the feast of booths (tabernacles) for seven days.
ix) A public confession of sin was also carried out in a solemn ceremony.
x) The renewal of the covenant vows to keep Gods laws in future followed.
xi) The people repented of their sins and the leaders sealed by signing the agreement.
First 8x1=8marks
b) Outline Nehemiah’s reforms in Israel ( 6 mks)
i) Cleansing of the Temple e.g. throwing out Tobiah
ii) Reinstatement of Levites and temple workers
iii) Restored solemnly of Sabbath observance e.g. closing the gates and posting guards
iv) Separation from foreigners – cursed those who had foreign wives.
v) Purifying of priesthood and office of the Levites e.g. chased Eliashib who had defiled priesthood
vi) Priest and Levites purified everything during the dedication of the wall.
vii) Nehemiah forbade mixed marriages between the Jews and their neighbor.
1 x 6 = 6 marks
(c) With reference to Nehemiah’s final reforms give lessons that modern Christians leaders can
learn. (6 marks)
i) Modern Christian leaders should advocate for the observance of the Sabbath, just like Nehemiah
ensured that the Sabbath law was kept.
ii) Modern Christian leaders should encourage members to marry from the same denomination or
people who profess the same faith.
iii) The church should only be used on dedicated to religious activities like prayer e.g. Nehemiah
cleansed the temple which had been defiled.
iv) Church leaders/workers should be paid their dues to discourage them from engaging in other
activities and reflecting their religious duties of Nehemiah. He ordered that the Levites and temple
musicians be reinstated to their rightful position and be paid.
v) Church leaders should enforce the law just as Nehemiah did i.e. throw out Tobiah, beating up the
Israelite men who had married foreign wives.
vi) Modern church leaders should pray while carrying out their duties/work just like Nehemiah prayed
before carrying out any duties/work just like Nehemiah prayed before carrying out any reforms.
vii) Modern church leaders should expect opposition while carrying out their duties e.g. Nehemiah
encountered opposition in his attempt to separate the Israelites men from their foreign wives.
viii) Modern church leaders should seek God’s guidance in all their endeavors just like Nehemiah did.
(1 x 6) = 6 marks

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6 (a) Methods of teaching the Youth in Traditional African Society
i) Through folk stories (tales, myths).
ii) Through proverbs, riddles, parables, maxims and wise sayings so as to think for themselves and to
reason out.
iii) Through practical involvement, actual participation (e.g. the Youth accompanying, working with
older people in order to learn how certain duties are done.
iv) Through dramatization/role-playing.
v) Through questions and answers in order to find out whether the children have learnt.
vi) Through apprenticeship in specialized areas (e.g. Blacksmiths, rainmakers, herbalists).
vii) Assignments: when the youth are given work to do under supervision of older members of the
community who correct their mistakes.
viii) Through peer group e.g. age groups where members learnt from one another.
ix) Through lectures; lectures were given by older people on such topics as their responsibilities,
traditions and customs.
x) Through songs and dances; songs carry messages, moral lessons and through dance they learned
cultural heritage and skills.
(Any 5 points x 2 marks= 10 marks)
 No marks without explanation
(b) Qualities for one to become a leader in the African Traditional Society (5 mks)
i) Courage, bravery, endurance etc.
ii) Age factor
iii) Professional background e.g. witches, sorcerers were not accepted.
iv) The wealth status of the individual, industry.
v) The number of wives, children was a sign of responsibility.
vi) The health status of the individual, physique.
vii) The genealogy clan.
viii) The popularity, charisma, level of acceptability.
ix) Eloquence (power of speech)
x) Personal achievements (in war, hunting etc. (5 x 1 = 5 mks)

(c) Changes on land tenure system (5 mks)

i) The community land is almost extinct.
ii) Land is owned individually; hence one can sell part of their piece of land.
iii) Women own land in our society today as they have the money to buy the land.
iv) Land owned in urban centers is for commercial purposes e.g. rental houses.
v) Land owners today hold title deeds which they use as security for loans.
vi) Today’s land tenure encourages mobility of different communities.
vii) Today land is leased for a period of time for economic use e.g. agricultural use
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

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KAPSABET HIGH SCHOOL
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Paper 2
MARKING SCHEME
1. (a) State six similarities in the annunciations of the birth of John the Baptist and
Jesus Christ. (6 marks)
i) Both births were announced by Angel Gabriel
ii) In both, their names were given before they were born
iii) In both their missions were given before they were born.
iv) Both were born under extraordinary circumstances.
v) In both signs were given to their parents
vi) In both possibility of the message was doubted by Zechariah and Mary.
vii) In both the children will be God’s servants.
viii) In both Angel Gabriel told the parents not to be afraid.

(b) With reference to Lk1:13-17, outline the message of Angel Gabriel about John to Zechariah.
(7 marks)
i) John was to be a son
ii) His name was to be John
iii) He would bring joy/gladness to his parents/many will rejoice at his birth.
iv) He will be great before God
v) He was to drink no wine/strong drink
vi) He was to be filled with the Holy Spirit from his mother’s womb
vii) He would turn many of the sons of Israel to the Lord their God
viii) He was to go before the Lord in the spirit/power of Elijah
ix) He would turn the hearts of the fathers to the children and disobedient to the wisdom of the just.
x) He was to make ready for the Lord.

(c) What lessons do Christians learn about family relationships from the incident when Jesus
accompanied His parents for the Passover festival? (7 marks)
i) Christians should obey their parents.
ii) Parents should teach their children about God.
iii) Parents should provide opportunities for their children to mix with others.
iv) Parents should love/be concerned about their children
v) Family ties should not be broken/families should live in unity
vi) God’s work takes priority over family.
vii) Parents should recognize their children’s talents
viii) There should be open communication among family members.

2. (a) With reference to the Sermon on the Plain, state five teachings of Jesus on how
human beings should relate to one another. (7 marks)
i) Human beings should love their enemies
ii) They should do good to those who hate them
iii) They should bless those who curse them
iv) They should pray for those who mistreat them

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v) Help those in need
vi) They should tend without expecting anything in return
vii) They should show mercy to others
viii) They should be generous
ix) They should forgive/not to revenge.

(b) Describe the incident in which Jesus calmed the storm. Lk 8: 22-25(7 marks)
i) Jesus got into a boat with His disciples
ii) He told them they should go to the other side of the lake so they st out
iii) As they sailed Jesus fell asleep
iv) A storm of wind came down on the lake
v) The boat was filled with water
vi) The disciples went and woke up Jesus saying “Master we are drowning”
vii) Jesus got up and rebuked the wind
viii) The storm subsided
ix) Jesus asked their disciples where their faith was
x) The disciples were afraid/they marveled
xi) The disciples wondered who Jesus was even the wind obey Him

(c) Give six reasons why Christians should have faith in God. (6 marks)
i) God fulfills the promises He makes to human beings
ii) Those who pray in faith receive their request
iii) Helps Christians grow spiritually
iv) Christians who have faith can be healed.
v) Faith helps Christians overcome temptations.
vi) Faith helps Christians to wait patiently for the second coming.

3. (a) Give an account of Jesus’ teaching on watchfulness and readiness.

Luke 12:35-48. (7 marks)
i) Believers should be dressed for his coming. V35.
ii) They should keep their lamps burning.
iii) They should be awake/alert. v36.
iv) Those who are found waiting shall be blessed.
v) They should be prepared all the time since they don’t know the time for Christ’s coming. V.39
vi) Believers should continue working until Christ comes back. v.43
vii) The servants/believers who are drunkards/mistreat fellow workers will be punished v.45-46
viii) Those who know what is required of them/their masters will and fail to do it will receive a severe
beating. v47.
ix) Believers are supposed to respond to God according to how much they have received from him.
x) Those who do wrong out of ignorance will receive lesser beatings/punishment. v.48

(b) How did Jesus celebrate the last supper with his disciples? Luke 22:14-38 (7 marks)
i) Jesus sat with his disciples at one table.
ii) He told them that he had desired to have the meal with them
iii) He took the cup, gave thanks and asked the disciples to share.
iv) He also took the bread, gave thanks, broke it and gave it to them.

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v) He explained to them the meaning of the bread and wine/the bread was his body/the wine was his
blood that would zeal the new covenant.
vi) He commanded the disciples to hold the ritual in memory of him.
vii) He informed them that he would be betrayed by one of them.
viii) He taught the disciples qualities of good leadership/humility/service to others.
ix) He told Simon that he would be tested by Satan/He informed him that he had already prayed for
him.
x) He asked Simon/Peter to strengthen others in their faith.
xi) Jesus told Peter that he would deny him three times before the cock crowed.
xii) He commanded the disciples to acquire swords/have their own provisions/personal belongings.

(c) Give six reasons why the disciples found it difficult to believe that Jesus had resurrected.
(6 marks)
i) The message was first taken to them by women who were regarded lowly in the society hence it
seemed an idle talk.
ii) They had witnessed the helplessness of Jesus at the time of crucifixion hence had lost hope in him.
iii) They had witnessed the burial/could not imagine how the stone could be rolled away from the
tomb.
iv) They felt ashamed for having denied/betrayed him, hence wished it was not true.
v) They had not understood the reading of Jesus which indicated that he would resurrect on the third
day.
vi) It was a new experience they had never seen/heard of people coming back to life after death on
their own.
vii) They lacked faith in the readings of Christ.
viii) They had expected a political Messiah who was to die in dignity/would not resurrect.

4. (a) Explain four ways in which the unity of believers is expressed in the Body of
Christ. 1 Corinthians 12:12-26 (8 marks)
i) St. Paul describes the believers as the body of Christ.
ii) Christ is the head of the church.
iii) The believers from the parts of the body.
iv) The body has different organs in the same way the church has different members.
v) They all need to work together for the wellbeing of the church.
vi) Every part of the body is needed to make it whole/all parts are interdependent/one part cannot be
without the other.
vii) The different church members are given different spiritual gifts by the Holy Spirit to carry our
God’s work.
viii) There should be no divisions in the church since all believers are members of the body of Christ.
ix) Believers are united through baptism in the Holy Spirit.

(b) Outline St. Paul’s teaching on how the gifts of the Holy Spirit should be used in the church.
(5 marks)
i) The gifts of the Holy Spirit should be used for the common good for all.
ii) They should be used to strengthen/encourage/comfort members.
iii) They should be used to bring unity/not to discriminate/divide members.
iv) There is need to respect/appreciate all the gifts.
v) They should be used in an orderly way/no confusion

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vi) The gifts should be used in love.
vii) The gift of speaking in tongues should be minimized during public warship.
viii) There is need to have interpretation of tongues for when to be meaningful/helpful.
ix) Prophecies should be carefully evaluated/weighted.

(c) Give seven ways in which Christians prevent divisions in the church in Kenya today. (7 marks)
i) Treating each other with love.
ii) Avoiding discriminations/segregations/tribalism in the church.
iii) Preaching/teaching the word of God/Bible truths to believers.
iv) Assisting those in problems/poor/the less fortunate/the needy.
v) Practicing humility/avoid arrogance.
vi) Openly discussing issues affecting the church/respect the opinions of other people.
vii) Praying for one another/problems affecting the church.
viii) Practicing transparent leadership style.
ix) Giving financial reports within acceptance period of time.
x) Following the church doctrines/constitutions/manuals/educate members on church procedures.
xi) Repenting/asking for forgiveness whenever they are wrong/accepting their mistakes.
xii) Preparing budgets annually/seasonally/ensuring that the resources are well utilized.
xiii) Providing guidance and counselling.

5. (a) Outline seven similarities between traditional African and Christian teaching on
marriage (7 marks)
i) In both marriage is seen as a social affair as many people are invited to attend the marriage feasts.
ii) In both marriage is aimed at providing mutual love
iii) Both believe that marriage is sacred and that it is the divine will of God.
iv) In both marriage enables man and woman to have new responsibilities.
v) Marriage promotes the social status the new couple in both tradition and Christian societies.
vi) In both marriage brings about new ties of relationships. In both the young couple gets new friends
and relatives e.g. brothers, sisters-in-law.

(b) Give seven problems associated with childlessness in marriage today (7 marks)
i) In extreme cases it may lead to divorce.
ii) Also extreme cases may lead to suicide especially the woman if the husband adversely accuses her
of barrenness.
iii) Childless couple always feel incomplete
iv) A man in childless family may engage in heavy drinking to cover frustrations.
v) Childless couples may result to unfaithfulness to prove their fertility
vi) Childless couple may easily be tempted to steal children.
vii) It is easy for childless couples to hate children or those who have children.
viii) Many childless couples have constant war amongst themselves because they keep blaming each
other.

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(c) Mention six ways through which Christians can resolve misunderstanding between parents and
their children (6 marks)
i) By Christians being role models to be followed
ii) Through prayers christens can bring proper understanding
iii) Christians can provide guidance and counselling to both children and their parents
iv) Christians can solve misunderstandings by being frank in their judgement
v) By committing children to Gods will.
vi) By seeking help from church ministers.

6. (a) Outline seven ways how law, order and justice is maintained in Traditional
African communities today (7 marks)
i) Punishment of offenders
ii) Installation of rulers, Kings, Chiefs and elders
iii) Administration of oaths
iv) Making of covenants
v) Observing of taboos
vi) Intermarriages
vii) Sharing meals
viii) Returning the spoils from raids
ix) Sending emissaries /mediators to solve issues and unite warning groups

(b) Outline seven roles played by the church to alleviate poverty in Kenya (7 marks)
i) Offering training to the members
ii) Supporting the education of its youth.
iii) Building schools and vocational training centres.
iv) Giving financial and material support to the poor.
v) Guiding and counselling on proper use of wealth.
vi) Biblical teachings on wealth and poverty
vii) Condemning evils related to wealth and poverty
viii) Seminars on creating and proper use of wealth.

(c) Give six reasons why Christians should declare their wealth. (6 marks)
i) It is a requirement by the law
ii) It ensures smooth collection of taxes
iii) It enhances transparency and accountability
iv) It ensures equitable distribution of wealth resource
v) Sets a good example for others to emulate
vi) Ensures proper means of acquisition of wealth
vii) Promotes harmony in the society family
viii) Clears one for public office
ix) Prepares basis for future establishment

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MATHIRA  END OF TERM TWO EXAMINATION, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
C.R.E Paper 1
Time: 2 ½ hours
1. (a) Describe 7 teachings about human beings from the biblical creation accounts. (7 marks)
(b) Give five causes of the original sin from the book of Genesis. (5 marks)
(c) What are the consequences of breaking taboos in the traditional African society? (8 marks)
2. (a) Describe four ways in which the ordination of church leaders in Kenya is a covenant. (8 marks)
(b) Outline six moral teachings from the 10 commandments. (6 marks)
(c) Identify seven challenges Christians face while practicing their faith in Kenya today. (7 marks.)
3. (a) Explain the significance of David as an ancestor of Jesus to Christians today. (8marks)
(b) Outline the roles of judges in Israel. (6 marks)
(c) State lessons Christians learn from the leadership of King Saul. (6 marks)
4. (a) Describe how the prophetic messages were written down. (6 marks)
(b) State the differences between Old Testaments prophets and traditional African prophets. (8 marks)
(c) Outline five methods religious leaders use today to spread the gospel. (5 marks)
5. (a) Give six reasons why Jeremiah was not willing to accept the call of God to become a
prophet. (6 marks)
(b) Explain four reasons why Nehemiah introduced the policy of separation of Jews from
foreigners. (8 marks)
(c) Why do political leaders in Kenya today fail to perform their duties efficiently? (6marks)
6. (a) What changes have taken place in the rite of initiation in Kenya today? (8 marks)
(b) Identify moral values taught to the youths during initiation to adulthood in traditional
African communities. (6 marks)
(c) Give reasons why female circumcision is being discouraged in Kenya today. (6 marks)

MATHIRA  END OF TERM TWO EXAMINATION, 2022

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
C.R.E Paper 2
Time: 2 ½ hours
1. (a) With reference to the stories of the birth and infancy of Jesus, describe the occasions
when the angel of the Lord appeared. (8 marks)
(b) Describe the visit of the angel of the Lord to the shepherds on the night Jesus was born (7 marks)
(c) State five ways in which Christians celebrate Christmas today. (5 marks)
2. (a) Describe four teachings of John the Baptist. (8 marks)
(b) Identify five teachings of Jesus about John the Baptist. (5 marks)
(c) Identify ways in which the church wins people for the kingdom. (7 marks)
3. (a) Describe the incident in which Jesus forgave the sinful woman in Luke 7:36-50. (8 marks)
(b) Give six reasons why Jesus chose the twelve Disciples. (6 marks)
(c) State ways in which Christians show their belief in God? (6 marks)
4. (a) Explain the unity of believers as expressed by the image of the bride. (7 marks)
(b) How was the life of Peter transformed on the day of Pentecost? (6 marks)
(c) What are the qualities of an evangelist in Kenya today? (7 marks)
5. (a) Discuss the Christian teachings on marriage. (6 marks)
(b) Explain the circumstances under which divorce may be allowed in Traditional
African society. (7 marks)
(c) Identify seven ways through which Christians minimize conflict between
parents and children today. (7 marks)
6 . (a) Discuss the importance of leisure in life of a Christian. (7 marks)
(b) Outline Christian criteria for evaluating the use of leisure. (7 marks)
(c) Give reasons why people abuse alcohol and other drugs. (6 marks)
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MATHIRA  END OF TERM TWO EXAMINATION, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
C.R.E
Paper 1
MARKING SCHEME

1. a. Describe 7 teachings about human beings from the biblical creation accounts. (7 marks)
a. Human beings are created in the image/likeliness of God
b. They have been given authority /domination over God creation.
c. They communicate /fellowships with God.
d. They are special/the greatest creation of God
e. They have the ability to think /reason/make choices/decision sin their lives
f. They are blessed by God
g. They have been given a special place to stay/Garden of Eden
h. Human beings are to use other creation/plant for their benefits
i. They are to take care of the creation/ till the land/ work.
j. Human beings are to procreate/multiply through marriage.
k. Man and woman are to compliment/provide companionship for each other.
l. Human beings are God’s creation.
m. The woman is created out of hetmans rib (7x1= 7 mks)
b). Give five causes of the original sin from the book of Genesis. 5 marks
1. Rebellion against God
2. Greed for power
3. Disobedience to God’s command
4. Temptation by Satan
5. Lack of satisfaction
6. Selfishness
7. Lack of knowledge of God
8. Lack of trust and love towards God
9. Human weakness. (5x1= 5mks)
c) What are the consequences of breaking taboos in the traditional African society? (8 marks).
 Paying of a fine
 Excommunication/ banishment/ ostracized/ Exile
 Punishment/ ridicule/ pain to the body
 Being killed
 Cleansing/ undergoing rituals
 Making sacrifices to appease the ancestors/ God/ Spirit
 Offering compensation
 Being cursed/ mysterious happenings
 Denial of privileges (8 x 1 = 8 mks)

2. a. Describe four ways in which the ordination of church leaders in Kenya is a covenant. (8mks).
I. It involves two parties; the church leaders being ordained and God.
II. The Christians are present to act as witnesses.
III.The church leaders’ promises/take vows to be faithful in their work.
IV. There is feasting (ceremony) after the ordinations.
V. The church leaders are given new titles/certificates of ordinations/church vestments/sacramental
(sign).
VI. If the ordained ministers fail short of their calling, they will be defrocked/sacked- serious
consequences.
(4x 2 = 8 mks)

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b. Outline 6 moral teachings from the 10 commandments. 6 marks
I. Respect for parents and elders
II. Respect/obedience for God=not using his name in vain.
III. Respecting other people’s property/not stealing.
IV. Speaking the truth at all times/not lying.
V. Faithfulness to marriage partners.
VI. Being contented with what God has given us/not coveting.
VII. Working hard and resting on the seventh day.
VIII. Respecting human life/preserving it.
IX. Worshipping only one God and avoiding devil worship. (6x 1 = 6mks)
c. Identify seven challenges Christians face while practicing their faith in Kenya today.
(7 marks.)
• The emergence of splinter groups within the church.
• The emergence of cults which practice ungodly activities.
• The emphasis of materialism by some churches.
• Lack of roles models among the leaders.
• Open conflict among/between the leaders and the church members/authoritarianism.
• Misuse of resources by the leaders.
• State-church conflict e.g. in matters on abortion, constitutional reforms.
• Confusion among Christians due to different interpretation of the Bible.
• Church leaders not having time for all members/discrimination.
• Negative effects of mass media/modern technology
• Permissiveness/moral decadence/drug abuse (7x 7 = 8 mks)

3. a Explain the significance of David as an ancestor of Jesus to Christians today. (8marks)

a. The promises that God made to King David pointed to the mission of Jesus in the world to
savesinners.
b. Through Jesus, a descendant of David, Christians are blessed/protected/have peace.
c. Through David, Jesus came to establish a spiritual kingdom/the church.
d. David recognized the divinity of Jesus as Lord/Saviour who Christians also recognizes as savior.
e. David as an ancestor of Jesus established proper worship of God in Israel which has been emulated
by Christians.
f. David the ancestor of Jesus made preparations to build a temple for God which has been realized
inthe modern-day places of worship built by Christians. 4x2=8marks
(b) Outline the roles of judges in Israel. (6 mks)
I. Lead Israelites into war.
II. Solve disputes/make judgment/decision making.
III. Led Israelites into worship/guide Israelites to live according to the covenant way of life.
IV. Acted as mediators
V. Appointed/anointed Kings
VI. Offered sacrifices/religious ceremonies
VII. Delivered God’s message to people/foretold
VIII. Advised Kings. 6x1=6marks
(c) State lessons Christians learn from the leadership of King Saul. (6 mks)
x) Leaders should practice humility.
xi) Leaders should listen to God’s prophets/servants.
xii) Leaders should appreciate those who oppose them.
xiii) Leaders should pray before undertaking any task.
xiv) Leaders should obey God’s commands.
xv) Leaders should be patient
xvi) Leaders should be sincere/honest in worship. (1x6 = 6 mks)

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4. (a) Describe how the prophetic messages were written down. (6 mks)
xiv) They were originally written on scrolls or stone tablets.
xv) The messages were later translated by inspired writers.
xvi) Some prophets like Isaiah wrote the messages themselves.
xvii) Prophets such as Jeremiah dictated their messages to the scribes.
xviii) God instructed some prophets on what to write.
xix) Some prophetic messages were preserved and passed through oral traditions by their followers.
xx) Sometimes the prophet’s disciples collected the writings and put them down in one piece form
xxi) They were collected over time/not written in one sitting.
xxii) Some messages were preserved by their disciples and passed them as sermons.
xxiii) Some scribes re-organised prophetic messages according to subject matter.
(1x6 = 6 mks)
(b) State the differences between Old Testaments prophets and traditional African prophets.
(8 mks)
I. The Old Testament prophets were called by God while traditional African prophets inherited their
roles.
II. Old Testament prophets delivered messages to their own people and those outside their locality
while traditional African prophets were concerned with their own communities.
III. The prophecies of the Old Testament prophets were recorded while those of the traditional African
prophets were passed orally.
IV. Old Testament prophets spoke of the coming Messiah while traditional African prophets did
nothave this concept.
V. Old Testament prophets were rejected in their communities while traditional African prophets were
liked/respected by their communities.
VI. Old Testament prophets promoted monotheism while Old Testament prophets promoted polytheism.
(2x4 = 8 mks)
(c) Outline six methods religious leaders use today to spread the gospel. (6 mks)
ix) Written Christian literature.
x) Through songs
xi) Preaching in church/crusades
xii) Distributing free Bibles.
xiii) Teaching catechism
xiv) Role model/exemplary lives.
(1x6 = 6 mks)

5. (a) Give six reasons why Jeremiah was not willing to accept the call of God to become a prophet.
(6 marks)
i) He felt that he was too young/was inexperienced as a prophet.
ii) He did not have the message to the people.
iii) He lacked confidence/courage
iv) He did not know how to speak/not a good speaker.
v) He was afraid of confronting/talking against the kings/elders
vi) The task was too difficult overwhelming for him.
vii) He was not sure of what could be done to him by the people of the message he was to deliver
(response to the message).
(6x 1 = 6mks)
b. Explain four reasons why Nehemiah introduced the policy of separation of Jews from foreigners.
8 marks
(i) Nehemiah wanted to keep the Jewish community pure.
(ii) The Jews were a minority group which needed to preserve their identity/culture.
(iii) Nehemiah wanted to separate/unite the Jews who returned from exile.
(iv) To solve conflicts over land ownership.
(v) Intermarriage would lead the Jews into idolatry.
(vi) The law of Moses was against association with foreigners.

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(vii) Children born out of intermarriage could not speak the Hebrew language.
(viii) Religious reforms could not be effectively carried out.
(6x 1 = 6mks)
c. Why do political leaders in Kenya today fail to perform their duties efficiently? 6 marks
viii) Ridicule from members of the society.
ix) Inability to live up to their promises.
x) Discrimination of women leaders.
xi) Lack of leadership training.
xii) Divisions/conflicts within political parties.
xiii) Insecurity/death threats
xiv) Conflicting ideologies
xv) Inadequate funds to initiate development.
xvi) Cultural barriers
xvii) Religious barriers
xviii) Poor infrastructure
(6x 1 = 6mks)

6. a). What changes have taken place in the rite of initiation in Kenya today? 8 marks
x) Female circumcision/clitoridectomy has been discouraged.
xi) Circumcision can be done at any age/time.
xii) Some communities take their children to hospital for circumcision.
xiii) Education of the initiates is offered by persons/bodies other than traditional sponsors.
xiv) Some initiation practices like removal of teeth/tattooing of the body are beingdiscouraged/discarded.
xv) Some communities have minimized/stopped elaborate ceremonies/rituals associated with initiation.
xvi) People are being discouraged from using the same circumcision instruments.
xvii) Initiation practices are no longer a test of courage/bravery.
(2x 4= 8mks)
b). Identify moral values taught to the youths during initiation to adulthood in traditional
African communities. 6 marks.
I. Hospitality/generosity/kindness
II. Honesty
III. Integrity
IV. Tolerance/perseverance/endurance
V. Chastity/faithfulness/self-control
VI. Loyalty/obedience
VII. Respect/courtesy
VIII. Love
IX. Responsibility
X. Co-operation/unity/
XI. Courage
XII. Hard work
6x1=6 marks
c.) Give reasons why female circumcision is being discouraged in Kenya today. 6 marks
I. It can lead to infection/STDs/HIV/AIDS due to use of same instruments.
II. It can lead to injury/mutilation of the reproductive organs of the initiate.
III. It is against child/human rights.
IV. It can cause psychological tortures/traumatizes the initiates.
V. It leads to irresponsible sexual behavior.
VI. It leads to early marriages.
VII. It can lead to school dropouts among the girls.
VIII. It can lead to bleeding/death.
IX. It can lead to separation/divorce.
X. It can lead to disagreement/quarrels in families. (6x1=6 marks)

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MATHIRA  END OF TERM TWO EXAMINATION, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
C.R.E
Paper 2
MARKING SCHEME
1. a. With reference to the stories of the birth and infancy of Jesus and John the Baptist, describe
the occasions when the angel of the Lord appeared (8mks)
 Angel Gabriel appeared to Mary during the annunciation of the birth of Jesus Christ.
 Angel Gabriel appeared to Zechariah when he was burning incense in the temple to announce John
the Baptist’s birth.
 Angel of the lord appeared to the shepherds bringing them the news about Jesus Christ.
 A multitude of angels appeared singing praises to God during Jesus Christ’s birth.
Non-restricted (4×2)=8mks
b. Describe the visit of the angel of the Lord to the shepherds on the night Jesus was born (7mks)
vii) The shepherds were looking after their flocks in the field at night.
viii) The Angel appeared to them.
ix) The glory of the Lord shone around them.
x) They were filled with fear.
xi) The Angel reassured them.
xii) The angels told them about the good news about the birth of Jesus.
xiii) They were told where to find baby Jesus.
xiv) The angel gave them a sign on how to they would find Jesus.
xv) There appeared a host of other angels singing/ praising God.
xvi) The angels left them/ went back to heaven.
xvii) The shepherds went to Bethlehem/ found Jesus.
Non-restricted (7×1)=7mks
c. State Five ways in which Christians celebrate Christmas today. (5mks)
I. They sing / listen to Christian songs /carols
II. They attend Christmas worship/service/ mass
III. They partake of the Holy communion/ Eucharist
IV. They exchange gifts / cards / messages of goodwill
V. They visit friends/ relatives.
VI. They decorate their homes/churches
VII. They buy/ wear new clothes
VIII. They prepare special dishes /drinks
IX. They rest from normal duties
X. They hold Christmas concerts/ drama
XI. They watch movies /films on the birth of Jesus
XII. They read Christmas stories /the bible
XIII. They help the needy /acts of charity
XIV. They repent /rededicate themselves to God.
Restricted (first 5×1)=5mks

2 a. Describe four teachings of John the Baptist (8mks)

I. Baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. Baptism means to dip in water’. Repentance means
change of heart/mind, turning around.
Baptism was a symbol of repentance, which means a total change heart/mind, a confession of sins).
Baptism of water was a preparation of the baptism of fire and Holy Spirit by Jesus.
II. He warned people of God’s coming Judgment.
The religious leaders stressed outward observance of the law rather than inner righteousness. John
the Baptist told them to bear fruits worthy of repentance. He told them to live righteous lives and not
as hypocrites (brood of vipers).
Religious leaders also assumed that since they were descendants of Abraham, God would not punish
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them. He warned them that God could raise descendants of Abraham from stones.
III. He announced the coming of the Messiah as Judge. John the Baptist became famous that some
thought he is the promised messiah. He however pointed to a messiah who will not baptize with
water but with the Holy Ghost and fire (Jesus Christ).
IV. He preached on social justice. He taught, emphasized, advised: That those who have should share
with those who do not have. The need for fairness and honesty for example tax collectors not to
collect more than what was required. That soldiers should not to abuse their power by accusing others
falsely, robbing. They were told to be content with their wages.
V. He condemned King Herod’s immoral behaviour. King Herod had married Herodians – his own
brother’s wife. Herod imprisoned John the Baptist and this led to his death (Luke 3 v.22).
Restricted (4×2)=8mks
b. Identify five teachings of Jesus about John the Baptist (5mks)
X. Jesus said that John the Baptist was the greatest Prophet.
XI. He said that John’s mission had been prophesied in the scriptures.
XII. That John was a messenger/His forerunner.
XIII. John lived in the wilderness.
XIV. He led a simple life.
XV. He said that John was a nazarite /ate no bread nor drank any wine.
XVI. The people had accused John of being possessed by a demon.
Restricted (first5×1)=5mks
c. Identify ways in which the church wins people for the kingdom (7mks)
i) Baptizing them
ii) Asking people to repent their sins
iii) Providing guidance and counseling.
iv) Encouraging the youth to stop immoral practices
v) Preaching to people about salvation
vi) Rehabilitating wrong doers and making them useful members
vii) Praying for them to change in readiness for the kingdom.
viii) Assisting the needy
Non-restricted (7×1)=7mks

3 a. Describe the incidence in which Jesus forgave the sinful woman in Luke 7:36-50 (8mks)
I. Jesus had been invited by a Pharisee for dinner.
II. While he was at the table a sinful woman came with an alabaster flask of ointment.
III. She stood at Jesus' feet weeping and wet his feet with her tears.
IV. She used her hair to wipe the feet of Jesus,
V. She kissed the feet of Jesus
VI. She then anointed the feet of Jesus with the ointment.
VII. The Pharisee who had invited Jesus questioned in his heart whether Jesus was a prophet
VIII. Jesus knew the thoughts of Simon and told him the parable of the creditor and the two debtors
IX. Jesus asked Simon who of the two debtors would love the creditor more
X. Simon said the debtor with more debt would love the creditor more
XI. He told Simon that the woman had shown much love because her many sins had been forgiven.
XII. Jesus then told the woman that her sins had been forgiven
XIII. The other guests began to question who Jesus was to have the power to forgive sins
XIV. Jesus told the woman that her faith had saved her.
XV. He told her to go in peace.
Non-restricted (8×1)=8mks
b. Give six reasons why Jesus chose the twelve Disciples (6mks)
b) In order to teach them the secrets of the Kingdom of God.
c) To have companions/person assistants:
d) To form an inner group which should assist him during his public ministry:
e) To be witnesses to his saving acts in the world:
f) To reveal his person/give a new understanding of his Messiahship:

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g) It symbolised the reconstruction of the twelve tribes of Israel.
h) To train/prepare them for the mission after his death.
i) To lay a foundation for the establishment of the church.
j) To continue with the biblical theme of election in which God chooses anyone to serve him.
Restricted 6×1=6mks
c. State ways in which Christians show their belief in God? (6mks)
I. Praying to God.
II. Giving offering and tithes.
III. Reading the Bible/Bible study.
IV. Preaching the gospel.
V. Singing Christian songs.
VI. Attending fellowships.
VII. Helping the needy.
VIII. Leading holy life/obeying God’s laws.
IX. Repenting their sins.
X. Partaking sacraments e.g. the Lord’s Supper, baptism e.t.c.
XI. Caring for God’s creation.
XII. Celebrating Christian festivals. Non-restricted (6×1)=6mks

4 a. Explain the unity of believers as expressed by the image of the bride (7mks)
i) In the New Testament the Christians are referred to as a bride married to Christ.
ii) The bride groom represents Jesus.
iii) The bride represents the church.
iv) The Christians/church are to be committed to Christ, just as the bride is to the bridegroom.
v) The church is loved by Christ just as the bridegroom loves the bride.
vi) The bride must preserve her purity as a way of waiting for the bridegroom.
vii) Christians are to remain pure and holy through love and faith in Jesus Christ just as the bride keeps
her purity for her husband.
viii) Committed Christians will be taken to a new home/heaven, just as the bride is taken home by the
husband.
Non-restricted (7×1)=7mks
b. How was the life of Peter transformed on the day of Pentecost? (6mks)
I. He was filled with the power of the Holy Spirit:
II. He spoke in tongues:
III. He defended the apostles that they were not drunk;
IV. Peter became courageous:
V. He preached the word of God:
VI. He became a witness of the work/death and resurrection of Jesus Christ:
VII. He was able to remember/narrate Old Testament scriptures;
VIII. He gained wisdom/advised the people on what to do Non-restricted (6×1)=6mks
c. Outline seven qualities of an evangelist in Kenya today (7mks)
ix) Should be knowledgeable in/ conversant with God’s word
x) Should be obedient to God’s commandments
xi) Have their faith / trust in Jesus
xii) Preach the gospel/ win others to the kingdom of God
xiii) Should help the needy
xiv) Live a life of fellowship with others/ listen to others
xv) Be exemplary/ be the salt and light of the world/ role model
xvi) Ready to suffer for Christ/ self-denial
xvii) Guide and counsel others
xviii) Pray all the time
xix) Condemn evils in the society Non-restricted (7×1)=7mks

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5 a. Discuss the Christian teachings on marriage (6mks)
I. Marriage should be between man and woman
II. Marriage should be monogamous.
III. Husband and wife should be complementary/help each other.
IV. The husband should love the wife.
V. Marriage should be for companionship.
VI. Husband and wife should be faithful to each other.
VII. Conjugal rights should be enjoyed in marriage/sex should only be for married couples.
VIII. The wife should submit to the husband
IX. Husband and wife should respect/cherish each other.
X. Marriage is permanent/it is a commitment/no divorce.
XI. Marriage is God’s plan for human beings/it was instituted by God.
XII. The husband and wife should cleave to each other/become one/one flesh.
XIII. Marriage provides for procreation/multiplication.
Non-restricted (6×1)=6mks
b. Explain the circumstances under which divorce may be allowed in Traditional African society
(7mks)
viii) If the wife was barren
ix) Perpetual cruelty by either spouse
x) If the wife was a witch/or practiced witchcraft
xi) If the wife or husband was found to be of unacceptable behaviour e.g. a thief practiced incest, sex
deviant, adulterous.
xii) If the wife was lazy and negligent /careless
xiii) If the wife was disrespectable to her husband and in-laws
xiv) There were myths such as the wife or husband is under a spell (especially if the wife gives birth to
abnormal kids or girls only)
xv) If the couple realized later after marriage that they were members of the same clan/family (incest
was strongly discouraged)
xvi) If there existed conflict between the family of the husband and that of a wife.
Non-restricted (7×1)=7mks
c. Identify seven ways through which Christians can minimise conflict between parents and
children today. (7mks)
d). Through guidance and counseling / advising them.
e). By praying for families.
f). By making fair judgments'/being fair when resolving the conflict.
g). By Christians setting a good example to others in the society.
h). By Christians teaching/preaching the word of God concerning family life. .
i). Organizing seminars/workshops where parents/children are taught on their roles/responsibilities.
j). By airing programs on family life on television / radio.
k). By assisting needy families with finance/materials so as to minimize conflicts
Restricted (first 7×1) = 7mks

6 a. Discuss the importance of leisure in life a Christian. (7mks)

I. Gives one time to visit the sick/ needy
II. For dedicating oneself to God/ worship God
III. Provides an opportunity for fellowship with others
IV. It allows one to develop the different talents given by God
V. It gives one an opportunity to meet new friends/ family
VI. One is able to read the word of God
VII. Provides an opportunity for one to preach/ evangelize
VIII. Provides an opportunity to guide/ counsel others/ one another/ be guide
IX. Provides time to rest/ rejuvenate/ to regain lost energy
X. Provides one with opportunity to take care of the environment
Non-restricted (7×1) = 7mks

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b. Outline Christian criteria for evaluating the use of leisure. (7mks)

1. Christians, should engage in leisure activities which promote their respect and dignity they should
socialize with people who are morally upright (bad company corrupts good morals)
2. God ordains leisure hence it should serve God’s purpose.
3. Leisure should come after work
4. Leisure should be used for the good of others. The activities that are harmful to others should be
avoided
5. Activities chosen should enrich their knowledge of God
6. Activities should provide service to others
7. Leisure doesn’t mean laziness
8. A Christian should not engage in a harmful activity to self but those that promote respect and dignity
9. Christians to avoid activities that lead to sin or to addiction
10. They should perform an activity which develop their physical emotional social and spiritual well
being
11. Leisure should be enjoyed with moderation
12. Activities for leisure should be moral, within the laws of God and pleasing to good.
Non-restricted (7×1) = 7mks

c. Give reasons why people abuse alcohol and other drugs in Kenya. (6mks)
1. Frustration
2. Idleness
3. Giving too much money
4. Financial stress
5. Bad examples from adults
6. Availability of drugs
7. Negative peer pressure
8. Media influence
9. Parental neglect of children
10. Permissiveness and breakdown of traditional African values
Non-restricted (6×1)=6mks

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KASSU-JET 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 ½ HOURS

Instructions to candidates
This paper contains six questions.
Answer any five questions

1. a) Identify six books referred to as Deutero-canonical books in the Bible. (6marks)

b) Describe the second account of creation in Genesis 2:4b-25. (8marks)

c) Give six traditional African views of creation. (6marks)

2. a) Describe the call of Moses in Exodus 3:1-22. (8 marks)

b) State the importance of circumcision to Abraham and his descendants. (6marks)

c) How do people break the commandment “Do not kill” in the society today? (6marks)

3. a) What were the duties of Samuel as a judge in Israel? (8marks)

b) Outline six ways in which King Jeroboam promoted the spread of idolatry in Israel. (6marks)

c) State six reasons why Christians should fight against the spread of devil worship in the
society. (6 marks)

4. a) State six titles given to prophets in the Old Testament. (6marks)

b) Explain seven ways in which prophets were important in the nation of Israel. (7marks)

(c) Mention seven ways how Christians can avoid God’s punishment today. (7marks)

5 (a) Give seven characteristics of the New Covenant foreseen by Prophet Jeremiah. (7marks)

(b) Explain four reasons that made Nehemiah to rebuild the wall of Jerusalem. (8marks)

(c) In what ways do Christians renew their covenant faith with God? (5marks)

6. (a) Describe the African understanding of hierarchy of beings. (7 marks)

(b) Outline seven roles of kinship system in traditional African society. (7 marks)

(c) What changes have taken place in property ownership in Traditional African Community?
(6marks)

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KASSU-JET 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 ½ HOURS

Instructions to candidates
This paper contains six questions.
Answer any five questions

1. (a) Basing your answer on the infancy narratives in Lk 1:5-50, describe what took place when
Mary visited Elizabeth. (7 mks)

(b) How did Jesus fulfill the prophecy of Isaiah on the suffering servant? (7 mks)

(c) State reasons why Christians sing in Church. (6 mks)

2. (a) Describe the call of the first disciples of Jesus Lk 5:11 (8 mks)

(b) State six teachings of Jesus on the sermon on the plain on how human beings should relate
to each other. (6 mks)

(c) Identify six lessons Christians learn from the feeding of 5,000. (6 mks)

3. (a) Describe the triumphant entry of Jesus into Jerusalem Lk 19:28-40 (8 mks)

(b) Outline reasons why the disciples of Jesus did not believe that he had resurrected. (6 mks)

(c) State the importance of death of Jesus to Christians. (6 mks)

4. (a) Explain how the unity of believers is expressed in the image of the people of God. (7 mks)

(b) State the teachings of Saint Paul on the proper use of the gifts of the Holy Spirit in the
church. (7 mks)

(c) How are the gifts of the Holy Spirit misused in the church today? (6 mks)

5. (a) Identify five sources of Christian Ethics. (5 mks)

(b) Give reasons why abortion is rare in traditional African communities. (8 mks)

(c) Give seven ways through which the church in Kenya strengthens family relationship in the
society. (7 mks)

6. (a) Outline similarities between the Christian and Traditional African on marriage. (8 mks)

(b) Outline the importance of professional codes of ethics. (6 mks)

(c) Outline causes of conflict between the employer and employees in Kenya. (6 mks)

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KASSU-JET 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME
1. a)
 Tobit
 Judith
 Ecclesiasticus
 Baruch
 First and second Maccabees
 Wisdom
(1x 6 =6 marks)
b) Describe the second account of creation in Genesis 2:4b-25. (8marks)
 The earth is described as being dry, uninhabited and plant less.
 God formed man out of dust and breathed the breath of life into his nostrils, and man became a
living being.
 God planted a garden in the east, the Garden of Eden, and placed every tree in it.
 In the middle were the tree of life and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.
 Four rivers flowed to water the garden.
 Man was commanded to till and conserve the garden.
 He was to eat from all trees apart from the tree of knowledge of good and evil, otherwise he would
die.
 God then formed other creatures, birds and animals and thus commanded man to name them.
 God saw that Adam was lonely and needed a companion.
 He made Him fall asleep, removed one his ribs and formed the woman out of it. He brought her to
man, who called her woman, because she was made from man.
 They were naked but were not ashamed.
(1 x 8= 8marks)
c) Give six traditional African views of creation. (6marks)
 All African communities believe that God existed from the very beginning of time.
 The names used to describe God in African communities refer to Him as the creator, master of the
universe, moulder and even porter.
 Africans also believe that human beings were created to live forever in harmony with God.
 Death comes to the world as God’s punishment for disobedience or other causes.
 God the provider continues providing human beings with the basic needs of life.
 Many creation stories in African societies agree that human beings were initially in a state of
happiness, child-like ignorance and immortality, and with the ability to rise again after death.
 Human beings were provided with the necessities of life and were very close to God.
 After creating God also established laws of nature and human customs, to be followed.
 God’s creation included the ordering of the destiny of human beings.
 Africans do not agree on any clear-cut sequence of events at creation. Some communities agree
that God started by creating the universe and ended by creation of human beings.
 African communities agree that God continues to create through humankind, and childbearing is
regarded as a blessing from God. (1 x 6 = 6 marks)

2. (a) Describe the call of Moses in Exodus 3:1-22. (8 marks)

 Moses was looking after the flock of his father-in-law, Jethro, in the Midian.
 The angel of the Lord appeared to him in a burning bush on Mt. Sinai.
 There was fire but the bush was not being consumed.
 Moses became curious and moved closer to see what was happening.
 When the Lord saw him coming closer, he called out Moses by his name.
 When Moses answered, God commanded him not to come near any further.
 God told him to remove his shoes because he was standing on holy ground.

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 God revealed Himself as the God of Moses‟ ancestors, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.
 Moses was filled with fear and hid his face.
 God told him that he had heard the cries of his people in Egypt and had come down to save them
 through Moses.
 Moses was initially reluctant to go but God assured him of protection.
 God revealed his name to Moses as “I am who I am”.
 God foretold the hardness of Pharaoh to release the Hebrews unless forced by a mighty hand.
 God promised to give favour to the Hebrews and would obtain jewelry, Gold and clothing.
(1x8=8marks)
(b) State the importance of circumcision to Abraham and his descendants. (6marks)
 It was an outward sign of the covenant.
 It was sign of membership in the Jewish community.
 It was sign of inner faith in God.
 It was an assurance of God’s continuous protection to Abraham and his descendants.
 It was a sign that they were God’s chosen people.
 It was a sign of identity for the Jewish people.
 It was a symbol of unity among the Jews. (1x6 =6marks)
(c) How do people break the commandment “Do not kill “in the society today? (6marks)
 People use witchcraft to kill others
 They kill during the time of war
 Through murder
 People commit suicide
 Women die when aborting
 Intentionally infecting other with HIV/AIDS
 People die when they abuse drugs (1x6 =6marks)

3. (a) What were the duties of Samuel in Israel? (8marks)

 He performed priestly duties like offering sacrifices.
 He anointed the first two kings of Israel, Saul and David.
 He settled disputes and passed judgments on offenders.
 He foretold God’s plan for the future.
 He acted as a mediator between God and the people.
 He asked the Israelites to observe the covenant law.
 He prayed to God to help the Israelites defeat the Philistines.
 He rebuked the kings when they went wrong.
 He led the Israelites into war against their enemies.
 He condemned idolatry and preached on the worship of Yahweh.
 He warned the elders of Israel against demanding for a political king.
 He advised the king and the people to obey God. (1x8 = 8mark)
b) Outline six ways in which King Jeroboam promoted the spread of idolatry in Israel.
(6 marks)
 He made two golden calves and placed one at Bethel and another at Dan to represent Yahweh.
 He set up two rival places of worship and ignored Jerusalem.
 He made the Israelites to offer sacrifice to the golden calves.
 He chose priests from ordinary families
 -He builds high places for idol worship / shrines on hill tops.
 He burnt incense on altars of the idols / made sacrifices to idols.
 He instituted religious festivals in the month of his choice. ( 6 x 1 = 6 marks)
(c) State six reasons why Christians should fight against the spread of devil worship in the
society. (6 marks)
- Devil worship is against God’s commandments.
- It advocates for human destruction.
- It advocates for materialism as the guiding factor of man’s success
- Leads to lack of faith / depending on God

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- Rituals involved in devil worshipping are dehumanizing.
- Christians fight devil worship to warn people of God’s judgment.
- It instills fear on God’s people.
(1x6 =6 marks)

4. a) State six titles given to prophets in the Old Testament. (6marks)

 Man of God.
 A seer.
 Nabi.
 Servant of Yahweh.
 Interpreter of God’s word.
 A watchman of God’s word.
 Messenger of God.
 God’s spokesman.
 A man of spirit. (1x6 = marks)
b) Explain seven ways in which prophets were important in the nation of Israel. (7marks)
 They acted s mediators between God and the people.
 They foretold future events
 They acted as conscience of kings / They guided and counseled kings.
 They called people back to repentance.
 They reminded people about the covenant.
 They condemned evils in the society
 They warned people about God’s judgment.
 They made people understand the nature of God.
 They offered sacrifices to God.
 Some, like Samuel anointed kings.
 They preached practical monotheism and condemned idolatry.
(1x7=7marks)
c) Mention seven ways how Christians can avoid God’s punishment today. (7marks)
 By repenting their sins.
 By obeying God’s word/ living exemplary lives/ living holy lives.
 By praying and fasting.
 By preaching/ evangelizing.
 By having absolute faith in God.
 By thanking/ praising God.
 By doing works of charity/ helping the needy.
 By condemning evils/ injustices in the society.
 By reading/ studying/ meditating on God’s word.
 By giving their tithes and offerings faithfully.
 By going through baptism and other sacraments.
 By fellowshipping with other Christians/ going to church. (1x 7 = 7 marks)

5. a) Give seven characteristics of the New Covenant foreseen by Prophet Jeremiah. (7marks)
 The law will be written in people’s hearts.
 Every individual would know God personally.
 It would be an everlasting covenant
 There would be individual responsibility/ suffering for one’s sins
 God would forgive people their sins/ remember them no more.
 It would be established after God punishes Israel. / With the remnant.
 It would establish new Israel/ new people of God.
 It would be initiated by God. (1x7 = 7marks)

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b) Explain four reasons that made Nehemiah to rebuild the wall of Jerusalem. (8marks)
To make Jerusalem capital city secure again
To restore the glory and pride of Jerusalem as a city of God
To give Jews the ownership of the Temple and city that had religious significance.
To keep strangers away and make it enclosed.
To spare the Jews shame and ridicule from Samaritans and foreigners (2x4 = 8marks)
c) In what ways do Christians renew their covenant faith with God? (5 marks)
- Partaking in the sacraments.
- Confessing sins
- Making public testimonies about their commitment to God through Jesus Christ.
- Reading the Bible.
- Holding bible study groups.
- Attending Sunday church services.
- Going for retreats.
- Attending revival crusades/convention.
- Praying and fasting.
- Helping the needy and the poor1x5=5marks)

6 a) Describe the African understanding of hierarchy of beings. (7marks)

 God is at the top of the hierarchy.
 Divinities are below God and above the spirits.
 Common Spirits are below the divinities and link God to human beings.
 Living dead /Ancestors/ Spirits of the living dead are intermediaries between God and the people.
 Human Beings include the living and the unborn.
 Living things. Are used by human beings in their natural and religious life.
 Non- Living Things. They include physical features such as hills, lakes and rocks.
(1x7 = 7 marks
b) Outline seven roles of kinship system in traditional African society. (7 marks)
 The system united members of the family, clan and community by providing then with a sense of
identity.
 Promoted harmonious relationships by defining expected behaviour between members of the
community.
 Preserved cultural identity through rituals and beliefs.
 Enhanced a sense of security through strong bonds among members of the community.
 Outlined the procedure for community ceremonies
 Enforced responsibilities of the living towards the unborn and dead.
 Enabled community members to support each other during times of crisis.
 Created new relationships between families through marriage.
 Set out punishment for errant members of the community.
 Provided members with a sense of belonging to a single community. (1x7 = 7marks)
(c) What changes have taken place in property ownership in Traditional African
communities? (6 marks)
 Women / children can now own property.
 Wealth is no longer determined by number of wives or children.
 Introduction of money economy has reduced value of land.
 Role of elders in sharing property has been eroded.
 Land is individually owned through issuance of title deed.
 People write wills to show / decide who should inherit their property.
 Property can be owned outside one’s ancestral home.
 Land can be sold / auctioned

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KASSU-JET 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEMES

1. (a) Basing your answer on the infancy narratives in Lk 1:5-50, describe what took place when
Mary visited Elizabeth. (7 mks)
 Mary entered Zachariah’s house, she greeted Elizabeth
 When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greetings the baby in her womb leaped
 Elizabeth was filled with the holy spirit
 Elizabeth exclaimed with a loud cry
 She Blessed Mary and child in the womb
 Elizabeth wondered why Mary the mother of her Lord had visited her.
 Elizabeth informed Mary that the baby in her womb had leaped for joy when she greeted her.
 Mary responded by singing a praise song to God (magnificent)
(b) How did Jesus fulfill the prophecy of Isaiah on the suffering servant? (7 mks)
 He was crucified alongside two thieves
 He was buried in a rich man’s tomb
 He was despised and rejected by the Jewish religious leaders
 He delivered humanity from sin by dying on the cross
 He was pierced and wounded in his side while on the cross
 He was without sin but Treated like a criminal
 He was sentenced to death
 He was crucified for the sins of humankind
 God has exalted Jesus and made Him Lord and Judge
 Through Him, Gods everlasting kingdom was established.
(c) State reasons why Christians sing in Church. (6 mks)
 To praise God
 To be entertained and relaxation of the mind
 To strengthen their faith
 To express feelings for God and ask Him for our needs
 To pass on spiritual teachings
 To develop God – given of singing
 To keep the members of the congregation alert during the services
 To attract more members to the church
2. (a) Describe the call of the first disciples of Jesus Lk 5:11 (8 mks)
 Jesus was standing by the shore of Lake Gennesaret as He preached to the people
 He saw two boats without the fishermen
 He entered Simon’s boat and asked them to push it into the water
 He continued teaching people form the boat
 Afterwards He asked Simon to push the boat into the deep water for a catch
 Simon told Jesus that they had been fishing the whole night without success
 But he obeyed Jesus’ command and let the nets down
 They caught a lot of fish that they asked their partners in the other boat to assist them remove the
nets.
 Simon Peter and his partners were astonished at the miraculous catch of fish
 Peter asked Jesus to depart from him for he was a sinner.
 Jesus told Peter not to be afraid for henceforth He was to make them catchers of men
 They brought the boat to the land and left everything and followed Jesus.

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(b) State six teachings of Jesus on the sermon on the plain on how human beings should relate
to each other. (6 mks)
 Human beings should love one another/ their enemies
 Should help other/be generous
 Be merciful to each other
 They should not judge other
 They should forgive each other/not to revenge
 Pray for those who wrong them
 Should do good to others /even those who hate them

(c) Identify six lessons Christians learn from the feeding of 5,000. (6 mks)
 Christians should be willing to share what they have with others.
 Christians should pray to God before doing anything
 Christians should be ready to face challenges in life
 Christians should keep the environment clean
 Church leaders should programme and delegate work to others to assist in running of the church
 Christians should be compassionate

3. (a) Describe the triumphant entry of Jesus into Jerusalem Lk 19:28-40 (8 mks)
 When Jesus came to Mt Olive, he sent two of his disciples ahead to get a colt which had not been
used before
 The disciples found the colt sought to know where it was being taken
 The disciples brought the colt to Jesus and put their garments on its back
 They set Jesus on its back
 As Jesus went along on the colt, people spread their garments on the road where he passed
 The whole crowd of disciple’s praised/glorified God joyfully in loud voice for all the mighty works
they had seen
 The Pharisees in the crowd asked Jesus to silence the disciples
 Jesus answered them that if the disciples kept quiet the stones would cry out.

(b) Outline reasons why the disciples of Jesus did not believe that he had resurrected. (6 mks)
 They had witnessed his death and burial
 The tomb was heavily guarded
 The report about resurrection of Jesus was brought by women who were despised.
 The disciples lacked faith
 They expected a triumphant political leader/messiah that would not die.
 There was conflicting information about the resurrection
 They were ignorant of the divine nature of Jesus
 The tomb was blocked by a heavy rock

(c) State the importance of death of Jesus to Christians. (6 mks)

 Through the death of Jesus Christians are forgiven their sins
 It made Christians know that Jesus was their sacrifice and they don’t need to make any animal
sacrifice to God
 It demonstrated Gods love for human beings
 It enables Christians to face death with courage
 Through his death, salvation is availed to all people
 He was become their everlasting high priest by offering his own body
 Enable Christians have a personal relationship with God

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4. (a) Explain how the unity of believers is expressed in the image of the people of God.(7 mks)
 The believers are chosen people/race
 They are a royal priesthood
 They are a holy nation
 They are Gods own possession
 They are to declare the wonderful deed of God’s people
 They were called from darkness to light
 They were once not a people but have been made Gods people
 They are led by the mercies of God

(b) State the teachings of Saint Paul on the proper use of the gifts of the Holy Spirit in the
church. (7 mks)
 Not more than two or three people should speak in tongues in a meeting
 One should only speak in tongues if there is an interpreter
 If there is no an interpreter one should refrain from speaking in tongues or do it privately
 Not more than 2 to 3 prophets should prophecy in a meeting
 Other believers should receive a revelation he/she is being said
 If another receives a revelation, he/she should be given a chance to speak while others listen
 Everything must be done decently and in an orderly manner
 The gift should be used in love unity

(c) How are the gifts of the Holy Spirit misused in the church today? (6 mks)
 People demand favours/payment for performing miracle
 People claim to be under the influence of the holy spirit when they are not
 Those with the gifts of the holy spirit are proud/boastful
 Expressing the gifts of the holy spirit disorderly
 People use the gifts for self-glorification
 People speaking in tongues without an interpreter hence creating misunderstanding
 People use the gifts to instill fear to others

5. (a) Identify five sources of Christian Ethics. (5 mks)

 Human reason/experience
 The bible
 Natural law
 Situation ethics
 Secular law

(b) Give reasons why abortion is rare in traditional African communities. (8 mks)
 Life is sacred and valuable
 Sex education is provided at early childhood
 Early marriages are practiced
 There is no free mixing of boys and girls
 Sex before marriages is not allowed
 In some communities, girls are quickly married off if they are found to be pregnant
 Initiation ceremonies inculcate strong moral value
 The man who impregnates the girls is forced to marry her or pay a heavy fine
 Children are highly valued
 There is no medical knowledge in some communities to procure abortion

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(c) Give seven ways through which the church in Kenya strengthens family relationship in the
society. (7 mks)
 Providing guidance counseling on family life
 Organizes seminars workshops on family life
 Hold prayers for families
 Reconcile the couples
 Condemns divorce
 Give material support to needy families
 Encourages families to worship together at home
 Preside over marriages ceremonies where the bride. bridegroom take vows
 Prepare study materials on family life
 Discipline those who do wrong in marriages

6. (a) Outline similarities between the Christian and Traditional African on marriage. (8 mks)
 In both marriage is ordained by God
 In both marriage is for procreation
 In both marriage is for companionship
 In both marriage should be permanent
 In both the husband and wife should respect/love each other
 In both marriages give a new status to those who enter it
 In both faithfulness in marriages is encouraged
 In both the husband and wife should give conjugal right to each other
 In both the husband is the head of the family

(b) Outline the importance of professional codes of Ethics. (6 mks)

 Safeguard professional against compromised in their work
 Give guidance on the relationship among professionals
 Contains regulations on terms of employment, promotion, remuneration and termination of
services
 Promote self-discipline /accountability for the work done
 Act as a measure of quality services
 They enable the professionals to earn public trust
 It determines the expected levels of performance of a particular job
 It serves as a measure of competence
 It serves as a protection to individual professionals

(c) Outline causes of conflict between the employer and employees in Kenya. (6 mks)
 Lack of respect to the employer by employees
 Employee not given time from leisure/lease
 Poor working condition
 When the employees do not receive wages/not paid in time
 When the employers fail to consider the welfare of employees
 When employees fail to accomplish tasks within the expected time
 When employees are not allowed to join trade union
 Unequal chances of promotion
 Sexual harassment by the employees
 Destruction of property by the employees

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THARAKA NITHI
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 ½ Hours.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
(a) This paper consists of six questions.
(b) Answer any five questions.
(c) Each question carries 20 marks.

1. a) Outline the national goals of education (7mks)

b) Identify seven historical books in the bible (7mks)
c) Highlight ways in which Christians use the Bible (6mks)

2. a) State the importance of circumcision to Abraham and his descendants (5mks)

b) Describe the sealing of the Sinai covenant (7mks)
c) What is the relevance of Decalogue to Christians today? (8mks)

3. a) Outline the nature of the Canaanite religion (8mks)

b) Describe ways in which King Jeroboam contributed to religious schism between Judah and Israel
(6mks)
c) Identify six causes of evil in Kenya today (6mks)

4. a) Identify ways through which the Old Testament prophets used to communicate God’s messages to
people (7mks)
b) Explain prophet Amos’ teachings on Israel’s election (6mks)
c) Give seven responsibilities of Christians as elected people of God (7mks)

5. a) State the promises that the Israelites made before Ezra and Nehemiah during the renewal of the
covenant (7mks)
b) Identify the problems faced by Nehemiah (7mks)
c) Identify good leadership qualities in Nehemiah that a modern Christian should emulate (6mks)

6. a) Outline the duties of elders in traditional African communities (8mks)

b) Outline the importance of kinship ties in the traditional African societies (7mks)
c) Give reasons why the church is opposed to wife inheritance (5mks)

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THARAKA NITHI
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 ½ Hours.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
(a) This paper consists of six questions.
(b) Answer any five questions.
(c) Each question carries 20 marks.

1. a). Describe the visit of the angel of the Lord to the shepherds on the night Jesus was born
Luke 2:8-15 (8marks)
b). Outline the differences between the work of John the Baptist and that of Jesus Christ (6marks)
c). State six ways in which the church in Kenya assists families to cope with the challenges
facing them today. (6 marks)

2. a). Narrate the healing of the Gerasene Demoniac in reference to Luke8: 26-39 (8marks)
b). Give ways in which people reacted to the miracles of Jesus. (6 marks)
c). State the lessons Christians learn from the healing of the Gerasene demoniac (6marks)

3 a) Outline seven areas of conflict between Jesus and Jewish religious leaders during His Ministry in
Jerusalem (7 marks)
b) Describe the incident when Jesus revealed Himself to the two men on their way to
Emmaus (8marks)
c) Identify ways in which the Church resolves conflicts today (5marks)

4. a) Explain how the unity of believers is expressed in the image of the body of Christ (8 marks)
b) Outline the teaching of Jesus on the role of the holy spirit (7 marks)
c) How is the unity of believers demonstrated in our churches today. (6 marks)

5 a) Identify the main sources of Christian ethics (5marks)

b) Explain the Christian teachings on human sexuality (8marks)
c) How is the church helping the youth to deal with the temptation of premarital sex (7marks)

6 a) Identify the traditional African understanding of marriage. (7marks)

b) Outline the causes of domestic violence among Christian families. (8marks)
c) Give five life skills a Christian can employ to solve social problems in the society. (5marks)

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THARAKA NITHI
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME
1. a) Outline the national goals of education (7mks)
 To foster nationalism, patriotism and national unity
 Promote social, economic, technological and industrial needs for national development
 Promote individual development and self fulfilment of Kenya rich and varied cultures
 Promote social equality and responsibility
 Promote sound moral and religious values
 Promote international consciousness and foster positive attitudes towards other nations
 Promote positive attitude towards good health and environmental protection
b) Identify seven historical books in the bible (7mks)
 Joshua
 Judges
 Ruth
 1st and 2nd Samuel
 1st and 2nd Kings
 1st and 2nd Chronicles
 Ezra
 Nehemiah
 Esther
c) Highlight ways in which Christians use the Bible (6mks)
 The Bible is used in instructing new converts
 It is used to compose Christian songs and hymns
 The bible is used as a reference/textbook in Christian religious education in schools and colleges
 It is used in preaching/teaching
 Individuals use it at home to understand God
 It is used as a Christian literature i.e. books and pamphlets are derived from the bible
 It is used as a reference book in dissemination or source for knowledge

2. a) State the importance of circumcision to Abraham and his descendants (5mks)

 It was a mark of identity to all Jews as the chosen people of God
 It was a sign that one was part of the Israelites community
 It was a sign of strong bond between Abraham’s descendants and God
 It was a sign of purity before God
 It acted as reminder of the covenant between God and Abraham
 It identifies Israelites as the chosen race
 It was physical sign that Abraham and his descendants entered into a covenant with God
b) Describe the sealing of the Sinai covenant (7mks)
 Moses prepared a ceremony to seal the covenant
 He sent young men to give burnt and peace offerings to God
 Moses poured half of the blood on the altar
 Moses read the divine laws to the people
 The people accepted to abide by them
 Moses then sprinkled the remaining blood on the people
 The sprinkling of blood implies that the covenant was binding to the Israelites and God
c) What is the relevance of Decalogue to Christians today? (8mks)
 It teaches Christians that God is a true God
 It teaches Christians to respect other people’s property
 It helps Christians to respect/honour the Sabbath day and keep it holy
 Christians learn that love for money and other people’s property is sinful

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 It reminds us to remain chaste and avoid sexual orgies
 Christians learn to respect the elderly such as parents
 Christians learn that life is sacred hence it should not be taken away
 Christian learn to be contented with what they own

3. a) Characteristics of Canaanite religion (8mks)

 It was based on nature/cosmic/cyclic/changes in seasons/nature religion
 It comprised of many gods/goddesses
 Symbols/idols/images were made to represent each god/goddess
 Temple prostitution was part of the worship of gods and goddesses
 Human and animal sacrifices were made to the gods/goddesses
 Festivals and feasts were celebrated in honour of the gods and goddesses
 Rituals were performed to ensure continues fertility and well-being of the community
 Each god and goddesses played a specific role in the community
 There was a chief god and goddess from whom all other gods sought support
b) Describe the ways in which King Jeroboam contributed to religious schism between Judah and Israel
(6mks)
 He made two golden calves and placed one at Bethel and the other at Dan to represent Yahweh
 He ignored Jerusalem and set up two rival places of worship at Bethel and Dan
 He forced the Israelites to worship idols and golden calves
 He appointed priests from ordinary families to serve at worship centres
 He instituted religious festivals in the months of his choice
 He prevented the people from the northern kingdom from going to worship in the temple of
Jerusalem
c) Identify six causes of evil in Kenya today (6mks)
 Poor role models
 Poverty /wealth
 Permissiveness/too much freedom
 Influence of drugs and alcohol
 Lack of guidance and counselling
 Inability to forgive others
 Influence from mass media
 Disobedience
 Selfishness/corruption/Greed
 Influence from peers
 Unemployment

4. a) Identify ways through which the Old Testament prophets used to communicate God’s messages to
people (7mks)
 Through song – Deborah
 Sermons – Jeremiah’s temple sermon
 Lamentations – Jeremiah
 Symbolic acts
 Writing the messages down – Jeremiah
 Wrote letters – Jeremiah
 Performing miracles – Moses
 Personal life – Hosea, Elijah, Jeremiah
 Dialogues with audience
 Direct speech
 Poetry 7x1=7mks
b) Explain prophet Amos’ teachings on Israel’s election (6mks)
 Israelites were the chosen people of God
 God chose them to serve him
 To be a light to other nations/be example

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 To live according to the covenant way of life
 To lead Holy lives
 God had helped them to destroy their enemies
 God had raised prophets among them to guide them
 Being chosen did not mean that they are exempted from punishment
 Had special privileges of divine protection
 God would punish their enemies 6x1=6mks
c) Give seven responsibilities of Christians as elected people of God (7mks)
 To spread the word of God
 To be an example to others/be role models by living holy lives
 To call people to repentance
 To engage in charity works
 To serve humanity in different ways
 To worship the true God only
 To condemn idolatry
 To condemn social evils like corruption in the society

5. a) State the promises that the Israelites made before Ezra and Nehemiah during the renewal of the
covenant (7mks)
 To preserve the integrity of the community
 To cancel debts every seventh year
 Not to intermarry with foreigners
 To contribute towards the maintenance of the temple
 To dedicate the first-born sons and animals to God
 To offer the first fruits of their harvest to God
 To pay tithes in accordance with the law
 To offer the first fruits of their harvest to God
b) Identify the problems faced by Nehemiah (7mks)
 Plot against Nehemiah’s life by Sanballat and Tobiah his servant
 Lack of co-operation in the rebuilding of Jerusalem from the nobles of Tekoa and some manual
workers
 Opposition from leaders of the neighbouring Samaria and trans-Jordan lands
 False accusations of treason against the emperor of Persia by Tobiah and Sanballat
 Ridiculing of the building project by Sanballat
 Harassment of the Jews as a minority group by their enemies
 Fear and discouragement among the Jews due to the ridicule suffered at the hands of their
enemies.
 Traps set by Shamiah to hire Nehemiah to commit sacrifice in the temple
 There was poverty and famine in Judah forcing the poor to sell their children in order to buy
food
c) Identify good leadership qualities in Nehemiah that a modern Christian should emulate (6mks)
 Being prayerful
 Courageous
 Hard working
 Team spirit
 Patriotism
 Honesty
 Wisdom
 Planning and organizational skills
 Compassionate and loving
 Trust in God

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5. a) Outline the duties of elders in traditional African communities (8mks)
 To settle disputes
 They provided guidance and counselling to members of the community
 They set and gave directions and dates for various rituals and ceremonies like initiation
 They presided over worship
 They negotiated peace during times of war with other communities
 They acted as courts of law to try errant members of the society
 They were custodians of morality in the community
 They taught young people their duties and responsibilities
 They advised the community during times of difficulties
 They over saw the maintenance of law and order in the community

b) Outline the importance of kinship ties in the traditional African societies (7mks)
 It unites family, clan, society members
 It gives people identity and sense of belonging since people find company in the community
 It regulates people’s behavior towards each other hence enhance respect and discipline in the
society
 It determines marriage relationship
 It helps people to take care of the disadvantaged people e.g. orphans
 It promotes peace and harmony in the community since elders settle disputes on time
 Defines duties and responsibilities of the individual to the living and the dead
 Helps to preserve cultural identity

c) Give reasons why the church is opposed to wife inheritance (5mks)

 Can lead to child/family break down
 Can cause jealousy
 It is oppressive/ dehumanizing to the women
 It is against the Christian teachings – polygamy
 Can cause mistreatment of the widows and children
 Can lead to spread of diseases e.g. HIV
 It can traumatize the widow and children
 It is embarrassing to the concerned persons

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THARAKA NITHI
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEME

1. a). Describe the visit of the angel of the Lord to the shepherds on the night Jesus was born Luke
2:8-15 (8mks)
 The shepherds were looking after their flocks in the fields at night
 The angel of the Lord appeared to them
 The glory of the Lord shone around them
 They were filled with fear
 The angel told them not to be afraid
 He told them the good news about the birth of Jesus who was the savior in the city of David
 The angel told them how to find the baby/gave them a sign
 There appeared the host of angels singing and praising God
 The angels left them/ went back to heaven
 The shepherds went to Bethlehem/found baby Jesus (8x1=8marks)

b). Outline the differences between the work of John the Baptist and that of Jesus Christ (6mks)
 John the Baptist preached in the wilderness/the desert of Judah while Jesus preached in the
synagogues/homes/towns/temples
 John the Baptist called people for repentance while Jesus forgave them sins/died for their sins
 John the Baptist baptized with water while Jesus baptized with the Holy Spirit/fire
 John the Baptist lived the life of a Nazarite while Jesus mixed freely with other people
 John the Baptist was the forerunner /prepared the way for the Messiah while Jesus fulfilled/ was the
Messiah
 The emphasis of John’s preaching was on the promised Messiah while that of Jesus was about the
Kingdom of God
 John the Baptist did not perform miracles but Jesus’ ministry was full of signs /wonders
 John the Baptist’s message was direct whereas Jesus preached in parables
 The disciples of John the Baptist fasted while disciples of Jesus ate and drank
( 4x2=8marks)
c). State six ways in which the church in Kenya assists families to cope with the challenges facing
them today (6 mks)
 Offering guidance and counseling to them
 Organizing seminars/workshops for the youths and couples
 Church leaders acting as role models to church members by establishing stable families
 Publications of Christian literature on family issues
 Condemning vices that destabilize the family
 Visiting families and offering pastoral care
 Giving financial assistance to needy families
 Praying for the families to remain united
 Employment of jobless people
(First 6x1= 6marks)
2 a). Narrate the healing of the Gerasene Demoniac in reference to Luke8: 26-39 (8marks)
 Jesus and his disciples arrived at the country of Gerasene which is opposite Galilee.
 As he stepped out of the boat on land, a man in the city who had demons met him and he wore no
clothes nor lived in a house but among the tombs.
 When he saw Jesus he cried out and fell down before him and said, ‘What have you to do with us?’

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 He beseeched Jesus not to torment him as he had commanded the unclean spirit to come out of the
man.
 Jesus asked him what his name is and he replied Legion for many demons had entered him
 The demons asked Jesus not to command them to depart to the abyss
 There was a large herd of swine feeding there on the hillside, the demons begged Jesus to let them
enter the swine
 The demons came out of the man and entered the swine. The herd rushed down the steep bank into the
lake and was drowned.
 When the herdsmen saw what had happened, they fled and told it in the city and in the country. People
went out to see what had happened.
 They came to Jesus and found the man from whom the demons had gone sitting at his feet clothed and
in his right mind, they were afraid.
 Those who had seen it told them how he had been possessed with demons and was healed. All the
people of the surrounding country of the Gerasene asked Jesus to depart from them and they were
seized with great fear.
 Jesus got into the boat and returned. The man from whom the demons had gone begged that he be with
him but he sent him away.
 Jesus told him to return to his home and declare how much God had done for him. The man went away
proclaiming throughout the whole city how much Jesus had done for him.
(Any 8x1=8marks)
(b) . Give ways in which people reacted to the miracles of Jesus. (6 mks)
• People were amazed.
• Some of the miracles created conflicts between people and Jesus.
• People spread news about Jesus to the countryside.
• People accepted his teachings.
• The miracles created fear in some people.
• Increased faith of some people.
• People’s needs were met.
• People followed Jesus.
• Some people praised.
• People asked Jesus to stay with them.
• They felt happy.
 People recognized Jesus as the Messiah descended from David
( 6x1=6 marks)
c) State the lessons Christians learn from the healing of the Gerasene demoniac (6mks)
 Jesus has power over demons
 Jesus values human life more than animal life
 Jesus came to destroy Satan’s kingdom
 Jesus came to establish God’s kingdom
 Jesus can set one free from any bondage in their life
 Jesus is the son of God
 Jesus is able to heal an individual both physically and mentally
 Christians should have compassion on those who are in need
 Christians should witness what Christ has done in their lives
(First 6x1=6marks)
3. a) Outline seven areas of conflict between Jesus and Jewish religious leaders during His
Ministry in Jerusalem (7 marks)
 The question about his authority where the chief priest demanded to know by whose authority he
taught.
 He condemned them for having rejected the old testament prophets and rejecting him also ( parable of
the tenants)
 The question about payment of taxes to Caesar
 The question about resurrection
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 The question about the messiah being a descendant of David
 Jesus warned about the hypocrisy of the teachers of the law
 The widow’s offering (7x1= 7 marks)

b) Describe the incident when Jesus revealed Himself to the two men on their way to
Emmaus (8marks)
 Now on that same day two of them were going to a village called Emmaus, about seven miles from
Jerusalem, talking with each other about all these things that had happened.
 While they were talking and discussing, Jesus himself came near and went with them, but their eyes
were kept from recognizing him.
 And he said to them,” What are you discussing with each other while you walk along?” They stood
still, looking sad.
 Then one of them whose name was Cleopas answered him, ”Are you the only stranger in Jerusalem
who does not know the things that have taken place there in these days?” He
asked them, “What things?”
 They replied, “The things about Jesus of Nazareth, who was a prophet mighty in deed and
word before God and all the people, how our chief priests and leaders handed him over to
be condemned to death and crucified him. But we had hoped that he was the one to redeem
Israel. Yes, and besides all this, it is now the third day since these things took place” Moreover, some
women of our group astounded us. They were at the tomb early this
morning, when they did not find his body there; they came back and told us that they had
indeed seen a vision of angels who said that he was alive.
 Then Jesus said to them, “Oh how foolish you are, and how slow of heart to believe all that the prophets
have declared! Was is not necessary that the Messiah should suffer these things and then enter into his
glory?”
 Then beginning with Moses and all the prophets, he interpreted to them the things about himself in all
the scriptures. As they came near the village to which they were going, he
walked ahead as if he were going on.
 They urged him strongly saying,” Stay with us, because it is almost evening and the day is now nearly
over.” So he went in to stay with them. When he was at the table with them, he took bread, blessed
and broke it, and gave it to them. Then their eyes were opened, and they
recognized him; and he vanished from their sight.
 They went back to Jerusalem to tell the other disciples about it but found they had been informed by
Peter
(8x1= 8 marks)
c) Identify ways in which the Church resolves conflicts today (6marks)
 They pray over the issue/problem
 They offer guidance and counseling to the affected
 Paying visits/talking to the offender/fellowship
 By involving church leaders as arbitrators
 Forgiving the one who has wronged the other/ asking for forgiveness
 Willingness by the offender to accept the mistakes made/ accepting liability
 Withdrawing some privileges for a period of time so that one can reform
 By sharing meals/eating together
 Through shaking of hands/ accepting a greeting
(6x1=6 marks)

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4. a) Explain how the unity of believers is expressed in the image of the body of Christ (8 mks)
 Christ is the head of the church
 The believers form parts of the body
 The body has different organs.
 In the same way the church has different members
 They all need to work together for the well-being of the church
 Every part of the body is needed to make it whole/ all parts are interdependent/ one cannot be without
the other
 The different church members are given different spiritual gifts by the Holy spirit to carry out God’s
work
 Believers are united through baptism in the Holy spirit (8x1=8 marks)
b) Outline the teachings of Jesus on the role of the holy spirit (7 marks)
 The holy spirit is a counsellor
 He comforts the disciples when grieved
 He teaches deeper truth concerning God to the believers
 He makes the believer become a child of God at baptism
 He guides Christians in all their undertakings
 He reminds Christians the deeper meaning of Jesus’ words
 He is a companion to every Christian
 He convinces people to see their sin and seek righteousness through repentance
 He gives Christians strength and courage to witness for Christ.
(7x1=7 marks)
c) How is the unity of believers demonstrated in our churches today? (6mks)
 Christians fellowship together
 Christians observe a day of worship to honour God
 Christians share the Holy communion/meals
 Christians help the needy
 Christians solve problems affecting the church members
 They hold joint crusades/rallies
 Christians speak in one voice to condemn evil in the society
(6x1= 6 marks)
5 a) Identify the main sources of Christian ethics (5mks)
 The Bible
 Human reason and experience
 The church community
 Natural laws and conscience
 Situation ethics
 Authoritative persons
 Christian literature
(5x1=5 marks)
b) Explain the Christian teachings on human sexuality (8mks)
 Human sexuality is a gift from God
 Sex is sacred as it was instituted by God
 Man and woman were created for companionship
 A woman was created to complement man
 A man and woman share the image of God and likeness of God
 Man and woman become one flesh in marriage
 Sexual intercourse is lifegiving thus meant for procreation
 Human beings have the ability to control their sexual desires
 All forms of irresponsible sexual behavior are condemned
 Marriage is complete with or without children
(8x1=8 marks)
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c) How is the church helping the youth to deal with the temptation of premarital sex (7mks)
 Praying for them
 Advising them to avoid staying alone in places with someone of the opposite sex
 Teaching them the biblical scriptures that condemn irresponsible sexual behavior
 Providing activities to them to avoid idleness
 Preaching to them on God’s command of purity until marriage
 Being good role models
 Involving them into pre-marital campaigns
 Advising them to abstain
(7x1=7 marks)
6 a) Identify the traditional African understanding of marriage. (7mks)
 Marriage is a complete affair which involves the economic, social and religious aspect of the people
 It is a rhythm of life through which everyone must participate
 It’s a duty/requirement for everyone in the community to undergo
 Those people who do not marry are considered as outcasts
 Marriage as an institution is believed to have been ordained by God
 Young people are taught about marriage during initiation
 Marriage is not complete without children/ meant for procreation
 Divorce is discouraged unless for very serious reasons
 Bride wealth is very necessary as it cements the marriage relationship
 The wife is subordinate to the husband but has her established rights
 Marriage does end with the death of a husband
(7x1=7 marks)
b) Outline the causes of domestic violence among Christian families. (8mks)
 Unfaithfulness
 Poverty/ Financial constraints
 Difference in education level
 Denominations/ issues of faith
 Different biblical teachings
 Child upbringing
 Lack of faith in God
 Work related issues
 Lack of guidance and counseling
 Denial of conjugal rights
 Effects of mass media/ foreign influence
(8x1=8 marks)
c) Give five life skills a Christian can employ to solve social problems in the society. (5mks)
 Critical thinking
 Creative thinking
 Decision making
 Self esteem
 Assertiveness
(5x1=5 marks)

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KIGUMO
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Paper 1
August 2022
Time: 2½ Hours

Instructions to Candidates:
1. The question paper has six questions.
2. The candidate should answer any five questions.

Questions
1. (a) From the genesis stories of creation, outline seven teachings about human beings. (7 marks)
(b) With reference to the story of the fall of human beings in Genesis 3, state 8 effects of sin on Adam
and Eve. (8 marks)
(c) Outline ways in which Christian’s care for God’s creation? (5marks)

2. (a) Explain 8 ways in which Gods power was demonstrated in the deliverance of the Israelites from
Egypt to the promised land (8 marks)
(b) State the characteristics of the covenant between God and Abraham. (7 marks)
(c) Identify five lessons that Christians learn about God from the call of Abraham. (5 marks)

3. (a) State seven functions of the temple in the Jewish community (7 marks)
(b) State six reasons why king David’s dynasty ruled for over 400 years (6 marks)
(c) What is the importance of leadership in churches today (7 marks)

4. (a) Outline the importance of prophets in the Old Testament. (8 marks)

(b) Outline five teachings of prophet Amos on the remnant and restoration of the Israelites
(Amos 9:8-15) (5 marks)
(c) State the relevance of prophet Amos teaching on election of Israel to Christians in Kenya today.
(7 marks)
5. (a) Outline six response that Jeremiah made to God during his call (Jer 1:4-19) (6 marks)
(b) Show how the letter Jeremiah wrote to the exiles gave them hope for restoration. (Jer 29:4-15)
(7 marks)
(c) Suggest seven reasons why Christians should accept pain and suffering in their daily lives.
(7 marks)
6. (a) Name the specialists in Traditional African Communities (5 marks)
(b) Explain reasons why cleansing rituals were performed in Traditional African Communities.
(8 marks)
(c) Suggest seven reasons why the church is opposed to female genital mutilation (F.G.M.) (7 marks)

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KIGUMO
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Paper 2
August 2022
Time: 2½ Hours

Instructions to Candidates:
The question paper has six questions.
The candidate should answer any five questions.

1. a) Outline six revelations about Jesus from Angel Gabriel’s message to Mary. Luke 1:26-35.6marks
b) Explain Mary’s visit to Elizabeth after the Angel’s message.lk 1;39-56 7marks
c) Give seven ways in which Christians should respond to God’s revelation. 7marks

2. a) Narrate the forgiveness of the sinful woman by Jesus. 8marks

b) What do Christians learn from the forgiving of the sinful woman? 6marks
c) How can a Christian eradicate discrimination in the society. 6marks

3. a) Describe eight events that took place when Jesus was put on the cross Luke 23:33-46 8marks
b) Give reasons why Pilate sentenced Jesus to death yet He was innocent 5marks
c) What is the importance of Jesus’ death to Christians Today? 7marks

4. a) Give seven teaching about Jesus from Peter’s speech on the day of Pentecost 7marks
b) Explain the New Testament teaching on the unity of believers as expressed in the bride 7marks
c) In which ways is unity promoted in the church today. 7marks

5. a) What is the importance of leisure to Christians today? 5marks

b) Give seven social effects of drug abuse in Kenya. 7marks
c) Why should Christians not participate in industrial strike/ action? 5marks

6. a) State seven causes of environmental pollution. 7marks

b) Explain reasons why Christians are opposed to blood transfusion and organ transplant 6marks
c) Mention 7 ways in which science and technology has helped to improve human life. 7marks

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KIGUMO
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Paper 1
MARKING SCHEME
1. (a) From the genesis stories of creation, outline seven teachings about human beings. (7 marks)
 Human beings are created in the image/likeliness of God.
 They have been given authority /dominion over God’s creation.
 They communicate/fellowship with God.
 They are special/the greatest creation of God.
 They have the ability to think/reason/make choices/decisions in their lives.
 They are blessed by God.
 They have a special place to stay/ Garden of Eden.
 Human beings are to use other creation/plants for their benefits.
 They are to take care of the creation /till the land/ work.
 Human beings are to procreate /multiply through marriage.
 Man and woman are to compliment /provide companionship for each other.
 Human beings are God’s creation/ male and female.
 The woman is created out of the man’s rib.
(Any 7 X 1 = 7 marks)
(b) With reference to the story of the fall of human beings in Genesis 3, state 8 effects of sin on
Adam and Eve. (8 marks)
(i) They started dying yet they were to live forever.
(ii) They became afraid of God / they hid when He called them.
(iii) They lost authority over the other creation.
(iv) Man was to rule over the woman /inequality between man and woman set in.
(v) The woman was to be in pain when giving birth.
(vi) There developed enmity between the human beings and the serpent.
(vii) They became embarrassed because of their nakedness.
(viii) They were expelled out of the Garden of Eden/ separated with God.
(ix) They developed mistrust between man and woman. (8 X 1 = 8 marks)
(c) Outline five ways in which Christians cares for God’s creation. (5mks)
i) Planting trees
ii) Avoiding pollution
iii) Keeping their bodies clean
iv) Taking care of the animals
v) Conserving the vegetation
vi) Preventing soil erosion
vii) Bringing up children well
viii) Taking a balanced diet
ix) Helping the needy
x) Protecting human rights (5 X 1 = 5 marks)

2 a Explain eight ways in which God’s power is demonstrated in the deliverance of the Israelites
from Egypt to the promised land. (8mks)
i) He made a passage for them in the Red Sea.
ii) He provided them with manna/quails /food.
iii) He provided them with water/ purified water/sweetened the water.
iv) He gave them the Ten Commandments.
v) He defeated their enemies the Egyptians / Amalekites.
vi) He guided them with a pillar of cloud during the day and a pillar of fire during the night.
vii) He provided them with leaders
viii) He made a covenant with them.
ix) He drowned the Egyptians who were following them at the Red Sea.

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(b) State the characteristics of the covenant between God and Abraham. (7 marks)
(i) It was initiated by God
(ii) It was solemn /permanent/long lasting
(iii) It was unconditional /unequal parties
(iv) There were promises to be fulfilled
(v) It was sealed through the sacrifice of animals
(vi) The parties entered it willingly /it was voluntary
(vii) It had outward sign /circumcision
(viii) There were consequences of breaking (Any 7 X 1 = 7 marks)

(c) Identify five lessons that Christians learn about God from the call of Abraham. (5 marks)
(i) God is the protector
(ii) God guides people
(iii) God demand faith/obedience from people
(iv) God is the provider/sustainer/giver
(v) God blesses/curses
(vi) God is the controller of the world
(vii) God is a spirit/ everywhere
(viii) God demands to be worshipped
(ix) God speaks/makes promises/ fulfills promises
(x) God cares for His people (Any 5 X 1 = 5 marks)

3. (a) State seven functions of the temple in the Jewish community (7 marks)
(i) It was used for worship/ prayers.
(ii) It was the place where the law was taught to children/people.
(iii) Priest burnt sacrifices / offered incense in the temple to God.
(iv) Purification rituals were conducted here.
(v) It was a home for priests. Residential for Levites.
(vi) Dedications/ presentations of the first-born male children were carried out in the temple.
(vii) It was the business Centre for Jews. Commercial Centre.
(viii) The Jewish council (Sanhedrin) held their session here /a place where cases were heard / determined
/ law court.
(ix) All the Jewish festivals were celebrated here. (7 X 1 = 7 marks)
(b) State six reasons why King David’s dynasty lasted for over 400 years. (6marks)
(i) David was good military leader who brought victory to Israel and protected the city of Jerusalem
(ii) God had promised David that his kingdom will last forever.
(iii) David was wise and choose wise people to advise him and help him to rule.
(iv) He fortified the city of Jerusalem and also brought the ark of the covenant to the city thus reassuring
the Israelites of the presence of God among them.
(v) He was able to unity the Israelites by making Jerusalem the capital city.
(vi) He had defeated most of Israelites enemies thus the people lived without the fear of attacks.
(vii) He respects the prophets of God and obeyed the commandments of God thus he found favor before
God.
(viii) He maintained good relations with the neighboring nations thus ensuring peaceful co-existence.
(ix) He was a good administrator who applied law and justice fairly to all the people.
(6 X 1 = 6 marks)
(c) Importance of leadership in churches today (6 marks)
(i) Church leaders act as role models to the church members thus they lead other in living morally
upright lives.
(ii) Church leaders foster unity in the church.
(iii) Church leaders intercede for others, and guide and counsel those with problems.
(iv) They act as mediators between God and church members. i. e they deliver Gods message to the
people.

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(v) They have the responsibility of leading the various church activities such as baptism, marriage etc.
(vi) They offer counseling to members of the church e.g. couples before marriage.

4. (a) Outline the importance of prophets in the Old Testaments. 8mks

i) They speak on behalf of God/God’s messenger’s/ mouth pieces.
ii) They foretold the future events.
iii) They guided/ counseled the kings
iv) They called people back to repentance/ gave messages of hope.
v) They reminded the people about the covenant.
vi) They condemned evil in society.
vii) They warned the people of God’s judgment.
viii) They made the people understand the nature of God.
ix) They offered sacrifices to God
x) The anointed Kings.
xi) They interpret the visions/ dreams from God/ current events. (Any 8x1= 8marks

(b) Outline five teachings of prophet Amos on the remnant and restoration of the
Israelites (Amos 9:8-15) (5 marks)
(i) God would restore the dynasty of David after destruction
(ii) God would bring the people back to their land
(iii) The people would rebuild their cities so that the remnant of Edom can occupy them
(iv) The land would be reproductive/grapes will be in abundance /wine would be in plenty.
(v) The people would grow food and harvest it.
(vi) The people of Israel would be peaceful/ prosperous.
(vii) The Israelites would never be taken into exile again. (5 X 1 = 5 marks)

(c) State the relevance of prophet Amos teaching on election of Israel to Christians in Kenya
today. (7 marks)
(i) It is God who chooses them to be Christians
(ii) God chooses them to be Christians
(iii) God chooses one to be a Christian.
(iv) The Christians have been chosen by God to proclaim the good news/service
(v) God protects His people from their enemies
(vi) Christians should be faithful/obedient to God
(vii) They will be punished by God if they do wrong
(viii) They should always repent their sins/ask for forgiveness
(ix) The priests/bishops/church leaders are chosen by God. (7X 1 = 7 marks)

5. (a) Outline six response that Jeremiah made to God during his call (Jer 1:4-19) (6 marks)
(i) He was reluctant to take up the call
(ii) He was afraid
(iii) He was not ready/the task was too difficult for him
(iv) He felt that he was young
(v) He said he dint know how to speak
(vi) He had a dialogue with God
(vii) He saw two visions that changed his attitude
(viii) He accepted to be sent after God assured him of protection. (Any 6 X 1 = 6 marks)

(b) Show how the letter Jeremiah wrote to the exiles gave them hope for restoration.
(Jeremiah 29:4-15) (7 marks)
(i) He encouraged them to build houses and live in them
(ii) He told them to plant gardens and eat the produce
(iii) He told them to marry and have children and increase in number
(iv) Pray for peace and prosperity of the city they live in

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(v) Not to listen to the false prophets
(vi) He told them they would be restored after 70 years
(vii) On return, they will prosper
(viii) God would give them a king from David’s lineage
(ix) God would listen and answer their prayers (Any 7 X 1 = 7 marks)

(c) Suggest seven reasons why Christians should accept pain and suffering in their daily lives.
(7 marks)
(i) Through pain and suffering our faith is strengthened
(ii) Suffering and pain is part of human existence on earth as a result of origin of sin.
(iii) We are able to learn and accept correction when we undergo pain and suffering
(iv) It makes us aspire for the life in future which will be free from pain and suffering
(v) It makes us realize that pain and suffering are for a short while
(vi) God’s power manifested when he liberates us from pain and suffering
(vii) It makes us to be creative when we seek for solutions to causes of pain and suffering
(Any 7 X 1 = 7 marks)
6. (a) Name the specialists in Traditional African Communities (5 marks)
(i) Priests
(ii) Rainmakers
(iii) Elders
(iv) Diviners/mediums
(v) Prophets /seers /prophetess
(vi) Healers/medicine men
(vii) Magician (Any 5 X 1 = 5 marks)
(b) Explain reasons why cleansing rituals were performed in Traditional African Communities.
(8 marks)
(i) Cleansing rituals were used to forgive wrong doers of their sins
(ii) They were performed to protect the individuals/family/community against repercussions for the
wrong done.
(iii) Helped to maintain good interpersonal relationship /cohesion in the community
(iv) For purification /acceptance of members who had been declared ritually unclean /who had broken
the taboo so that they can continue with their normal activities in the society.
(v) To appease the ancestral spirits
(vi) Cleansing rituals were part of the rites of passage
(vii) To send away the evil spirits
(viii) To protect against calamities /problems/sickness/epidemics
(ix) Cleansing was performed to persuade the spirits of the dead not to linger around the homestead
causing misfortune to the family. (Any 8 X 1 = 8 marks)
(c) Suggest seven reasons why the church is opposed to female genital mutilation (F.G.M.)
(7 marks)
(i) It can lead to sexually transmitted infections, HIV and AIDS since some instruments are untreated.
(ii) It is not Biblical/God ordained circumcision for boys only
(iii) It is a violation of the right of a woman/girl child
(iv) It can lead to injury of the female reproductive system/organ
(v) It may lead to early marriage
(vi) May lead to school drop outs
(vii) It is against the law of the land/illegal
(viii) It may lead to divorce/quarrels in the family
(ix) Endangers the girl’s life/she can bleed to death
(x) It dehumanizes the initiates/psychological torture
(Any 7 X 1 = 7 marks)

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 Christian Religious Education
KIGUMO
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Paper 2
MARKING SCHEME
1. a) Six revelations about Jesus from Angel Gabriel’s message to Mary. Luke 1:26-35. 6marks
 Jesus was from the house of David
 He would be called the son of the Most High.
 He would restore the Davidic kingdom
 He would establish an everlasting kingdom.
 He would rule over Israel
 Jesus’ birth was according to the will of God.
 He was a holy child.
6x1=6marks
b) Mary’s visit to Elizabeth after the Angel’s message. 7marks
 Mary visited her cousin Elizabeth after the angel departed from her.
 she rose and went to the hill country with hast into a city of Judah
 Mary entered the house of Zachariah’s and saluted/greeted Elizabeth.
 When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greetings, the baby leaped in her womb with joy.
 Elizabeth was filled with the Holy spirit and received divine revelation that Mary was going to
be the mother of the messiah
 Elizabeth praised Mary and the child to be born.
 Mary responded to Elizabeth’s remark through a hymn called the Magnificat which praised
God.
7x1=7marks
c) Ways in which Christians should respond to God’s revelation. 7marks
 Through singing songs of praise
 By spreading the good news to others
 By visiting the needy
 By giving testimony of god’s salvation
 By offering guidance and counseling services to others
 By fellowshipping with others
 By praying for God’s guidance
 By creating time for the work of God.
 Through interceding for others.
7x1= 7marks

2. a) The forgiveness of the sinful woman by Jesus.

 Simon the Pharisee invited Jesus for a meal
 A sinful woman brought in oil and began to wash Jesus’ feet using her tears/hair.
 She anointed Jesus’ feet with oil.
 Jesus responded by narrating the parable of the two debtors to illustrate the story
 The two debtors owed their master different amounts of money.
 Jesus asked Simon the Pharisees who of the two debtors loved more.
 He answered that the one who owed a bigger debt
 Jesus was in praise of the woman because she washed his feet and anointed him with oil yet the
Pharisee did i not.
 Jesus told the women that her sins were forgiven because of her love for Jesus
 The guests wondered why Jesus was forgiving sins and they treated it blasphemy
 Jesus told the woman that her faith had saved her.
o 8x1=8marks

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b) Lessons Christians learn from the forgiving of the sinful woman
 Christian should avoid self-righteousness
 They should fellowship with other Christians, she repents their sins
 They should seek Jesus with humility
 They should not discriminate against other e.g. basis of gender or status
 They should trust in Jesus because he is the savior.
 They should be grateful when God forgives them.
 Christians should repent their sins
o 6x1= 6marks
c) How a Christian can eradicate discrimination in the society
 Provide equal opportunities to both genders
 Preaching against discrimination in the society
 Supporting the government in enacting laws that promote equity
 Reposting cases of discrimination to the relevant authorities
 Living an exemplary life for others to copy
 Condemning acts of discrimination
 Rewarding marginalized groups that make a positive mark in the society
 Education people on the evils of discrimination marks.
o 6x1=6marks

3. a) Describe eight events that took place when Jesus was put on the cross Luke 23:33-46
 Two thieves were crucified alongside Jesus
 They crucified Jesus at a place called the Skull
 Lots were cast to divide Jesus’ garments
 People stood by watching
 Rulers scoffed at him saying “he saved others let him save himself..”
 Soldiers mocked him and offered him vinegar
 An inscription was put over his head. This is the king of Jews
 One of the criminals teased him to save himself
 The other thief rebuked the former confirming that Jesus is lord and innocent
 Jesus assured the repentant thief of his entry into heaven on the same night.
 At the sixth hour there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour.
 The sun’s light failed
 The curtains in the temple tore into two
 Jesus offered the last loud cry “Father into thy hands I commit my Spirit”
 Having said so he breathed his last.
o 8x1=8marks
b) Give reasons why Pilate sentenced Jesus to death yet He was innocent
 He was afraid of a Jewish revolt
 He did not want to be disloyal to the roman emperor after learning that Jesus had been accused
of treason, he feared losing job.
 It was in order, for the prophecies would be fulfilled
 Pilates was a weak character and an opportunist who acted at the spur of the moment.
 Pressure from the crowd who demanded Barnabba’s release
o 5x1=5marks
c) What is the importance of Jesus death to Christians Today? 7mks
 Through his death, Christians are forgiven their sins/reconciles with Him.
 It demonstrates God’s love for human beings
 Christians have a personal relationship with God.
 It enables Christians to face death with courage
 Through his death, salvation/eternal life is available to all people
 He has become their everlasting high priest interceding for them.
 It strengthens the faith of Christians
7x1=7marks

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4. a) Teaching about Jesus from Peter’s speech on the day of Pentecost
 Jesus was from Nazareth
 Jesus had a human nature
 Jesus had a divine nature
 Jesus was attested by God to perform miracles and wonders
 Jesus’ death/crucifixion was according to God’s plan
 God raised Jesus from the dead.
 Jesus conquered death/ overcame death
 The death and resurrection of Jesus fulfill the prophecy of Joel/ the death and resurrection of
Jesus was foretold by David.
 Jesus is a descendant of David.
 Jesus ascended into heaven /exalted at the right hand of God the holy spirit is a gift from Jesus
 The holy spirit is a gift from God
o 7x1=7marks
b. The New Testament teaching on the unity of believers as expressed in the bride
 Christians are the bride
 Jesus is the bridegroom
 Christians are urged to remain pure and holy through love and faith
 Christians must be totally committed to Christ just as faithful bride is to her husband
 Jesus will take his bride the church to new home in heaven just as a bride is taken to a new
home
 Jesus and the church will live happily ever after in the presence of God just as the bride and
her groom live in happiness after her wedding.
 Just as the husband pays bride wealth Jesus paid a price by dying on the cross
 The love that exists between the bride and the groom, symbolizes the love of Jesus and the
church.
 The church should prepare for the coming of the bridegroom
 Jesus who is the bridegroom prepares the church Just as the husband prepares to meet the
wife.
7x1=7marks
c) Identify ways in which unity is promoted in the church today
 Holding joint prayer meetings/worship /fellowship.
 Conducting Bible study sessions
 Organizing joint crusades and Christian rallies.
 Working together in the production of Christian literature and materials such as textbooks
used in schools.
 Taking care of the need and the less privileged in the society.
 Provision of educations in training facilities and services
 Holding church family days and fun days.
 Participating in developing projects for the church and society at large
o 6x1=6marks

5. a) Importance of leisure of Christians

 Used for relaxation for both body and mind
 Leisure keeps the body fit
 They use leisure to earn money/ income gone rating project i.e. singing
 Leisure is important for works of charity
 Use leisure to develop talents i.e soccer
 Use leisure to gain knowledge and skill i.e reading a book, visiting parks.
 Enables one to interact with other/social relationships
 Used to develop ones career.
 Use leisure to worship god/pray/attend fellowships
o 4x2=8marks
b) Social effects of drug abuse in Kenya

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 Criminal tendencies/ can engage in criminal activities
 Family quarrels and breakage/separation/ divorce
 Leads to sexual immorality because of lose moral judgment
 Low productivity of person/weak body
 Leads to people being aggressive/ physically and verbally abuse.
 Causes unruly behavior
 Poor performance in school/lack of concentration in school.
o 7x1=7marks
c) Why Christians should not participate in strike
 It leads to loss of one’s job
 It breeds violence against people and property
 It may lead to loss of lives
 Leads to poor relations at work place.
 It wastes time and resources
 It may lead to property destruction
 One may end up being imprisoned of found guilty.
 Can lead to stress and depression.
o 5x1= 5marks

4. a) Causes of environmental pollution

 Industrial waste
 Smoke from domestic users
 Mining activities
 Agricultural chemical/fertilizers/pesticides
 Traffic smoke/gases /emissions
 Garbage
 Noise in urban centers
 Use of dangerous weapons e.g. Atomic/nuclear bombs
o 7x1=7marks
b) Reasons why Christians are opposed to blood transfusion and organ transplant
 They believe that only God has power over life.
 They may lead to transfer/ spread of diseases
 The health of donor may be compromised
 Both parties may develop psychological problem.
 The procedure(s) are expensive
 Surgical errors may lead to death.
 Can lead to criminal activities e.g. human trafficking to get organ/ trade in them.
 Practice interferes with God’s creation
 Transplant from lower organism/ animals to man undermine the divine order/ human dignity.
6x1=6marks
c) Ways in which science and technology has helped to improve human life.
 Means of transport and communication have improved social interaction and after movement.
 Science and technology has improved efficiency at work due to use of machines
 Improved agricultural development has increased food production.
 Enhanced human being understanding of environment leading to better utilization of natural
resources.
 Brought better health care through modern medical technology.
 Security is enhanced through use of alarms, electrical fencing.
 Creation of job opportunities due to industrial development.
 Promotion of trade through use of computers/internet
 Formal education and training has equipped human beings with survival skills.
o 8x1=7marks
KIRINYAGA CENTRAL SUB-COUNTY EFFECTIVE ‘40’ JOINT EXAMINATION, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

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313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ Hours.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
(a) This paper consists of six questions.
(b) Answer any five questions.
(c) Each question carries 20 marks.

1. (a) Outline differences between account one and two of creation. (8 marks)
(b) Explain God’s plan of salvation of man according to Genesis chapter 3 - 12. (6 marks)
(c) State six ways in which Christians continue with God’s work of creation today. (6 marks)

2. (a) Describe the sealing of the Sinai covenant. Exodus 24: 1 - 8 (8 marks)
(b) Identify seven attributes of God learnt from the plagues. (7 marks)
(c) State five conditions the Israelites were given during the renewal of the covenant in
Mt. Sinai. (5 marks)

3. (a) Identify seven activities of King Jeroboam that led the Israelites away from the
worship of Yahweh. (7 marks)
(b) What were the effects of idolatry to the Israelites in the Promised Land? (7 marks)
(c) Give six ways in which church worship is abused. (6 marks)

4. (a) Mention six titles given to the prophets in the Old Testament. (6 marks)
(b) Give seven reasons why Israel would face God’s judgement according to prophet Amos.(7 marks)
(c) Give reasons why God’s prophets are required in Kenya today. (7 marks)

5. (a) Outline six problems faced by Nehemiah during the rebuilding of the wall of Jerusalem. (6 marks)
(b) Explain four differences between the new covenant foretold by Jeremiah and the Sinai
covenant. (8 marks)
(c) State reforms that are being carried out by the church in Kenya today. (6 marks)

6. (a) What measures were taken in Traditional African Communities to ensure that marriage was
Permanent? (6 marks)
(b) Explain the role of parents in Traditional African Communities. (8 marks)
(c) Identify factors that have led in decline in observance of taboos in Traditional African
communities. (6 marks)

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KIRINYAGA CENTRAL SUB-COUNTY EFFECTIVE ‘40’ JOINT EXAMINATION, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ Hours.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
(a) This paper consists of six questions.
(b) Answer any five questions.
(c) Each question carries 20 marks.

1. (a) Outline the Psalmist prophecy concerning the Messiah (Psalm 41: 9, Psalms 110 : 1 - 2) (7 marks)
(b) Identify seven similarities in the annunciation of the birth of John the Baptist and that of
Jesus. (7 marks)
(c) Identify six lessons that Christians learn from the annunciation of the birth of John the
Baptist. (6 marks)

2. (a) Describe the healing of a man with a withered hand in Luke 6 : 6 - 11. (7 marks)
(b) Outline lessons about Jesus from the healing of a man with withered hand. (6 marks)
(c) Give seven ways in which the church in Kenya is helping the sick. (7 marks)

3. (a) Identify seven causes of conflict between Jesus and the Jewish religious leaders in His
Jerusalem ministry. (7 marks)
(b) Explain the teachings of Jesus on what will happen at the end of times. (7 marks)
(c) Give six ways in which Christians live according to the will of God as they await the second
coming. (6 marks)

4. (a) Outline ways in which the unity of believers is expresed in the analogy of the people
of God. (1 Peter 2 : 9 - 10) (6 marks)
(b) State six ways in which the Holy Spirit was manifested on the day of Pentecost. (6 marks)
(c) Explain the roles of the Holy Spirit in the church today. (8 marks)

5. (a) Give reasons why people work today. (7 marks)

(b) State the importance of leisure in the life of a Christian youth. (7 marks)
(c) Outline qualities of good leisure from the Christian point of view. (6 marks)

6. (a) Outline the need for law, order and justice in the society. (8 marks)
(b) Give six reasons why Christians should participate in voting in a general election. (6 marks)
(c) Outline six ways a Christian can solve the problem of tribalism in Kenya today. (6 marks)

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KIRINYAGA CENTRAL SUB-COUNTY EFFECTIVE ‘40’ JOINT EXAMINATION, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME

1. (a) Outline differences between account one and two of creation stories.
 The order of creation is mentioned in the first account but no order is given in th second account.
 Male and female are created at the same time in account one but in account two, the male is created
first, then the female later.
 Male and female are created in the image of God in account one, while in account two man is made
from dust and the woman from man’s rib.
 In account one human beings are created last, but in account two, man is created first.
 In account one, God gives names to what He ordered, but in account two, man is made to give names
to all that God made.
 In account one creation is completed in six days, while in account two there are no number of days
given.
 God rested on the seventh day in the first account but there is no day of rest mentioned in account
two.
 In account two, there is the mention of a forbidden tree, but there is no forbidden tree in account one.
 For account one God created in unity with other ‘let us’ but in account two, He creates alone.
(any 4 x 2 = 8 mks)
(b) Explain God’s plan of salvation of man according to Genesis 3 - 12. (6 mks)
 God went to look for Adam and Eve when they tried to hide from Him.
 God provided clothes to cover their nakedness.
 God provided them with means of looking for food.
 During floods, God did not destroy all animals and people.
 God entered into a covenant with Noah and promised not / never to destroy the earth with floods
again.
 Human beings were instructed to crush the serpents head.
 God called Abraham to use him as an instrument to bring salvation to the whole mankind.
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(c) State six ways in which Christians continue with God’s work of creation today. (6 mks)
 Through procreation and bringing up of children.
 Through farming and provision of food.
 Through provision of medical facilities and services.
 By protecting human rights and freedoms.
 By creation of employment opportunities.
 By provision of education and training.
 Through manufacturing of goods and provision of services.
 Through reclamation of land.
 Planting trees to curb desertification.
 Cleaning up of rivers, lakes, ocean etc.
 Constructing dams, prevention of soil erosion and generation of electricity.
 Beautifying the environment.
 Through the many inventions done to improve human life.
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)

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2. (a) Describe the sealing of the Sinai covenant. Exodus 24: 1 - 8. (8 mks)
 Moses gathered the Israelites.
 Moses went up the mountain to meet with God.
 People agreed to do what the Lord had said.
 Moses wrote down all the Lord’s command.
 Moses built an altar at the foot of the mountain using 12 pillars.
 He sent young men to go and offer burnt offerings and peace offerings of oxen to Yahweh.
 Moses divided the blood into two halves and poured it in basins.
 He took half of the blood and poured it against the altar.
 He read the book of the law / covenant to the people.
 The people agreed to obey God’s laws.
 Moses took the remaining half of the blood and sprinkled it upon the people.
 Moses then told the people that the blood had sealed their covenant with God.
(8 x 1 = 8 mks)
(b) Identify seven attributes of God learnt from the plagues. (7 mks)
 God gives power to people who He sents to perform miracles.
 God is powerful / almighty.
 God is just, He punished sinners / forgives.
 God protects those who are afflicted / defends the weak.
 God is patient, giving people time to repent.
 God is faithful / He keeps His promises.
 God expects obedience to His commands.
 God is merciful and sees the sufferings of His own people.
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
(c) State five conditions the Israelites were given during the renewal of the covenant at Mt. Sinai.
(5 mks.
 Were to obey all His commands.
 Were to break down the altars of idols in the land they were to occupy.
 Were not to make any treaty with other nations.
 Were not to worship any idol gods.
 Were to keep the festival of the unleavened bread.
 Were to dedicate their first born sons as well as those of their male domestic animals to God.
 Were to keep the Sabbath day Holy.
 Were not to intermarry with foreigners.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
3. (a) Identify seven activities of king Jeroboam that led the Israelites away from the worship of God.
(7 mks)
 He stopped the people of the Northern Kingdom from going to Jerusalem which made them to forget
Yahweh.
 He established two rival cities of worship Bethel and Dan.
 He place golden bulls / calves to represent Yahweh.
 He built other places of worship on hill tops.
 He forced people to offer sacrifices to the golden bulls / calves.
 He chose priests who were not from the tribe of Levi.
 He introduced new religious festivals that were not of the Mosaic Law.
 He offered sacrifices to the golden calves in Bethel.
 He made the people to follow the Canaanite calendar.
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)

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(b) What were the effects of idolatry to the Israelites in the promised land. (7 mks)
 It led to syncretism.
 God withdrew his blessings to Israel.
 God sent prophets to warn them.
 There was emergence of false prophets.
 People turned away from the covenant way of life.
 Worship places of God were neglected and left in ruins.
 Kings who did not know God oppressed the Israelites.
 Israelites were defeated in wars.
 They were taken into exile.
 Prophets of Yahweh were killed / persecuted.
 There was a drought for 31/2 years.
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
(c) Give six ways in which church worship is abused. (6 mks)
 Misinterpretation of the Bible for personal gains.
 Using the pulpit for political reasons.
 Quarrels and fights between rival groups.
 Hypocrisy among worshippers.
 Embezzlement of church funds.
 Charging of services offered.
 Attending church services indecently dressed.
 Rejecting those who condemned evils.
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
4. (a) Mention six titles given to the prophets in the Old Testament. (6 mks)
 Servant of Yahweh.
 Man of God.
 Messenger of God.
 A seer
 A nabi
 Interpreter of God’s word.
 A man of spirit.
 A watchman of God’s word.
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(b) Give seven reasons why Israel would face God’s judgement according to prophet Amos. (7 mks)
 They practiced idolatry which annoyed God.
 They practiced in sincere worship.
 Sexual immorality was rampant especially in the temple.
 The rich sold the poor into slavery.
 The rich lived luxurious lives at the expense of the poor.
 There was cheating in business where the poor were exploited.
 There was robbery with violence.
 There was bribery and corruption in the law courts.
 There was pride caused by false sense of security.
 People offered empty sacrifices.
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)

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(c) Give reasons why God’s prophets are required in Kenya today. (7 marks)
 To reveal God’s will to Christians.
 To warn people about danger of sin.
 To foretell future events as revealed by God.
 To condemn evil acts in the society.
 To guide people on Christians way of life.
 To call people into repentance.
 To act as mediator / intercessor.
 To act as the conscience of the political leader and the people in the society.
 To give people hope during hard times.
(1 x 7 = 7 mks)
5. (a) Outline six problems faced by Nehemiah during the rebuilding of the wall of Jerusalem. (6 mks)
 The officials of Tekoa did not cooperate with them.
 He was ridiculed by Sanballat and Tobia.
 He received threats of war from the enemies.
 The builders received death threats from the enemies.
 A trap was laid to derail his mission of rebuilding the wall.
 There was a plan to kill him.
 False prophets tried to discourage him.
 He faced opposition from the Jewish nobles.
 He was falsely accused of treason by his enemies.
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(b) Explain four differences between the New Covenant foretold by Jeremiah and the Sinai
Covenant. (8 mks)
 In the new covenant, the law would be written in the hearts of men and women unlike the Sinai
covenant where laws were written in stone tablets.
 In the new covenant every individual would know God personally on the contrary the old covenant
relied on priests, prophets and other religious leaders to teach them about the Mosaic Law.
 The new covenant was sealed by the blood of Jesus while he Sinaitic covenant was sealed by the
blood of sacrificial animal.
 In the new covenant there is forgiveness of sins unlike the Sinaitic one.
 New covenant would be universal while the Sinaitic will be for Jews only.
 In the new covenant there is individual responsibility of sin while in the Sinaitic covenant there is
communal responsibility of sins.
(4 x 2 = 8mks)
(c) State reforms that are being carried out by the church in Kenya today. (6 mks)
 Organizing for national prayer day.
 Offering education / training.
 By establishing income generating projects.
 Translating the Bible into local languages.
 Offering material support to the needy.
 Building churches in the rural areas.
 Promoting women / youth leadership in the church / women empowerment.
 Advocating for fair and just laws.
 Creation of employment opportunities.
 Preaching against evils in the society.
 Use of modern science and technology in evangelization.
 Active participation in politics of the day.
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
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6. (a) What measures were taken in Traditional African Communities to ensure that marriage was
permanent. (6 mks)
 Payment of dowry which sealed the marriage.
 Young men and women are given family life education.
 Unfaithfulness is heavily punished.
 Members of the community are involved in all stages of the marriage.
 Those who divorced are ridiculed and shunned while those in marriage are praised.
 The two families involved frequently consulted to ensure that minor problems in marriage are solved.
 There are mediators who solve problems that may arise in marriage.
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(b) Explain the role of parents in Traditional African Communities. (8 mks)
 To provide children with basic needs.
 To provide moral guidance to their children.
 To discipline their children.
 To pass inheritance to the children.
 To introduce children to the religious beliefs and practices of the community.
 To be role models to their children.
 To create unity among the children.
 To protect the children from any harm.
(4 x 2 = 8 mks)
(c) Factors that have led to decline in observance of taboos in Traditional African Community. (6 mks)
 Western influence where most people have acquired Western norms and have discarded African
values / permissiveness.
 Formal education / employment which keeps most children / people away from custodian of the
taboos.
 Religious beliefs / Christianity which condemns some of the taboos.
 Legal restriction e.g. children’s rights / human rights which are against some taboos.
 Modern technology which gives scientific explanation to some occurrences and effects.
 Intermarriages hence discarding of some beliefs / taboos.
 Migration / urbanization which has led to erosion of cultural values.
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)

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KIRINYAGA CENTRAL SUB-COUNTY EFFECTIVE ‘40’ JOINT EXAMINATION, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEME
1. (a) Outline the psalmist prophecy concerning the Messiah. (Psalms 41 : 9, Psalms 110 : 1 - 2)
(7 mks)
 The Messiah will be betrayed by a close friend.
 The Messiah will be referred to as the Lord.
 The Messiah will be exalted / will sit at the right hand side of the father.
 The Messiah would rule from Zion.
 The Messiah would rule as God’s representative on earth.
 God would give the Messiah royal power / strength to rule.
 God would give the Messiah victory over his enemies / He would rule in midst of enemies.
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
(b) Identify seven similarities in the annunciation of the birth of John the Baptist and that of Jesus.
(7 mks)
 Both were announced by angle Gabriel.
 In both their missions were specified.
 In both the names of the children were given before birth.
 In both the birth was to be through divine intervention.
 In both the babies were to be the firstborns of their mothers.
 In both the qualities of the children were given.
 In both they were going to be God’s servants
 In both, signs were given to confirm the message.
 In both the children to be born were male.
 In both Mary and Zachariah were afraid.
(7 x 1 =7 mks)
(c) Identify six lessons that Christians learn from the annunciation of the birth of john the Baptist.
(6 mks)
 Children are gifts from God.
 Christians should be persistent in prayer.
 Christians should have faith in God.
 Doubting God’s message can lead to punishment.
 Christians should be patient / waith upon God’s time.
 God has a purpose for their lives.
 Christians should serve God regardless of their circumstances.
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
2. (a) The healing of a man with a withered hand. (7 mks)
 It was on a Sabbath, Jesus entered a synagogue and taught.
 A man was there whose right hand was withered.
 The Pharisees and scribes watched Jeus closely to see whether he would heal the man on Sabbath.
 They wanted to have an accusation against him.
 Jesus knew their thoughts and called the man to stand where he was.
 He asked whether the law allowed people to do good on the Sabbath.
 He looked around on them all and instructed the man to stretch his hand.
 As the man did so, his hand was restored.
 The Pharisees and the scribes were very angry and discussed what they would do to Jesus.
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
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(b) Lessons about Jesus from the healing of a man with withered hand. (6 mks)
 Jesus is a teacher.
 He is merciful.
 He is the Lord of the Sabbath.
 He has power to heal.
 He knows people’s thoughts.
 He respected the laws of the Jews by visiting synagogue.
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(c) Ways in which the church in Kenya is helping the sick. (7 mks)
 Christians pray and preach to the sick.
 They lay hands on the sick / anoint them with oil.
 Provide guidance and counseling services.
 They pay medical bills for those under treatment.
 Visiting the sick in homes and hospitals to comfort them.
 They train medical personnel like doctors and nurses.
 They construct hospitals health centres and rehabilitation centers.
 They provide material support e.g food and clothing.
 They educate people with seminars on how to take care of their health.
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
3. (a) Causes of conflicts between Jesus and the Jewish religious leaders. (7 mks)
 They questioned the authority Jesus was using to teach.
 In the parable of the tenants Jesus accused them for rejecting God’s prophets and plotting to kill him.
 The question about resurrection. The Sadducees did not believe in resurrection.
 Jesus claimed to be the Messiah and said that even David called Him Lord in the book of Psalms
20:4- 44)
 They conflicted on the issue of whether to pay taxes to Caesars or not. (Lk 20 : 19 - 26)
 Jesus openly condemned hypocrisy how they loved the best seats in the synagogues and made long
prayers. (Lk. 20 : 45 - 47)
 He condemned the offerings of the rich Jewish leaders meant to show off but praised the widows
offering which was made out of self-sacrifice.
 They loved to sit in front seats so as to be recognized.
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
(b) Teachings of Jesus on end times. (7mks)
 There would be destruction of the temple of Jerusalem.
 People would come claiming that they are Messiah or Jesus.
 There would be war between nations.
 They would be natural calamities like famine and earthquakes.
 Strange bodies will come from the sky.
 Disciples would be hated on Jesus’ account
 There would be many revolution in the world.
 Disciples would be arrested, persecuted and imprisoned.
 Disciples would be betrayed to the authorities by close relatives and would even be killed.
 Many false prophets will emerge.
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)

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(c) Ways in which Christians live according to the will of Jesus as they await the second coming.
(6 mks)
 Repenting their sins.
 Leading prayerful lives.
 Forgiving others.
 Avoiding sins
 Living under guidance of the Holy Spirit.
 Obeying God’s commands
 Enduring temptations.
 Reading the scriptures.
 Preaching the good news to others.
 Living in unity
 Doing charitable work.
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
4. (a) Outline ways in which the unity of believers is expressed in the analogy of the people of God.
(1 Peter 2 9 - 10). (6 mks)
 They are believers who follow the teachings of Jesus.
 They are chosen people of God / they are selected by God.
 They are a holy nation / they are expected to be righteous.
 They are a royal priesthood / they serve a great God.
 They were called from darkness to marvelous light.
 They were once no people but now they have received mercy.
(any 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(b) State six ways in which the Holy Spirit was manifested on the day of Pentecost. (6 mks)
 Strong wind as a symbol of God’s presence.
 Tongues of fire rested on the heads of each disciple / they received the Holy Spirit.
 The apostles began to speak in different tongues.
 Each of the visitors who gathered from different nations were able to hear what the disciple were
saying in their own native language.
 Peter became courageous and addressed the onlookers.
 3000 people believed and were baptized in the name of Jesus Christ.
 There was numerical growth of the church.
(any 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(c) Explain the roles of the Holy Spirit int he church today. (8 mks)
 Christians are able to speak in tongues.
 Christians are able to interpret tongues/
 Christians are able to cast out demons.
 They are able to heal the sick through faith healing.
 They are able to help / share with the needy.
 They are able preach word of God effectively.
 They are able to make right decisions in the church.
 They are able to confess their sins for forgiveness.
 They are able to practice unity in the church.
 They are able to worship God / give tithes and offering / sing for the Lord.
(8 x 1 = 8 mks)

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5. (a) Give reasons why people word today. (7 mks)
 To obey God’s command
 For self - fulfillment.
 To earn a living.
 To socialize.
 To raise their social status.
 To give services to the community.
 To emulate God.
 To develop their talents/abilities.
 To keep the body fit.
 To care for environment.
 To stop idleness / keep busy.
(1 x 7 = 7 mks)
(b) State the importance of leisure in eh life of Christian youth. (7 mks)
 Leisure gives a youth time to visit the needy.
 Gives one time for dedicating oneself to God / to worship God.
 Provides time to fellowship with others.
 Gives an opportunity to meet new friends / new places / meet family members.
 One is able to read the word of God / Bible study.
 Provides an opportunity for a youth to evangelize / preach.
 Provide time to rest and rejuvenate / gain lost energy.
 Provide an opportunity for a youth to guide and counsel other / peer counselling.
 Provide an opportunity to recreate.
 Provide time to engage in incoming generating activities.
 Provides time to plan.
(any 7 x 1 = 7 mks)
(c) Outline qualities of good leisure from Christian point of views. (6 mks)
 It should serve Gods’ purpose / please God / be an act of worshipping God.
 Leisure should come after work.
 Leisure should be used for the good of others.
 Leisure should promote ones respect and dignity.
 Leisure activity should not cause harm to others.
 Leisure activity should not lead to sin.
 Leisure activity should not lead to addiction.
 Leisure activity should enrich knowledge of God.
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
6. (a) Outline the need for law, order and justice in the society. (8 mks)
 To safeguard peoples personal rights / human rights.
 For protection of people properties.
 To protect consumers from exploitation.
 To give a conducive environment for economic growth and entrepreneurship / provide conducive
environment for investors.
 To safeguard religious freedoms / freedom of worships.
 For controlling power of those in authority / control misuse of power.
 To regulate employment.
 To enable government to implement it taxation policies effectively.
 To maintain security in the society.
 To ensure political stability in a country.
 Outlines relationship between different nations. (any 8 x 1 = 8 mks)
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(b) Give six reasons why Christians should participate in voting in a general election. (6 mks)
 To exercise their civil right / constitutional right / democratic right.
 It is a demonstration of obedience to earthly authority.
 In order to own their elected leaders / to identify with them.
 So as to replace oppressive / corrupt leaders / government.
 To encourage / have peaceful transition.
 It demonstrates patriotism.
 To have their direct representatives in parliament / government.
(any 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(c) Outline six ways Christians can solve the problem of tribalism in Kenya today. (6 mks)
 Choosing / electing good leadership.
 Acting as role model.
 Praying for those who practice tribalism to change.
 Practicing fairness.
 Providing guidance and counselling.
 Preaching / teaching on fairness.
 Encouraging inter-tribal marriages.
 By using national language to communicate.
 By urging government to ensure equal distribution of national resources.
 By willing to travel / settle in any part of the country.
(any 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

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KECS JOINT EXAMINATION, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
August 2022
2 ½ HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
This paper consists of six questions.
Answer any five questions in the spaces provided.
Each question carries 20 marks.

1 a) Outline five ways on how the study of CRE promotes the international consciousness (6mks)
b) Give seven reasons why the Bible had to be compiled into its present form by the early
Christians (7mks)
c) Mention eight ways in which the Bible is being misuse the society today (7mks)

2. a) Outline the background to the call of Abraham (Genesis 11:24-32) (8mks)

b) State seven promises that God gave to Abraham (7mks)
c) Explain the relevance of God’s promises to Abraham to Christians today (5mks)

3 a.) Explain seven achievements of Solomon as King of Israel. (7 marks)

b.) State the significance of King David as an ancestor of Jesus Christ to Christians today (6 marks).
c.) Identify seven lessons that Christians learn from Elijah’s prophetic mission (7 marks)

4. a) State eight roles of true prophets in the Old Testament (8 marks)

b.) Outline seven teachings of prophet Amos on the remnant and restoration of Israel.
(Amos 9:8-15) (7 marks)
c.) Give five reasons why Christians find it difficult to help the needy in society today (5 marks)

5 a. Explain the importance of the temple of Jerusalem to the Jews and the Persian Empire during the
time of Nehemiah (5mks)
b. Outline eight terms of the covenant renewed by the Israelites under Nehemiah (8mks).
c. Identify seven lessons Christians learn from the renewal of the covenant under Nehemiah (7mks)

6 a. State seven roles of ancestors in Traditional African Communities (7mks)

b. Identify six rituals performed during initiation in Traditional African Communities (6mks)
c. Outline the changes that have taken place in the rite of initiation in Kenya today (7mks)

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KECS JOINT EXAMINATION, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
August 2022
2 ½ HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
This paper consists of six questions.
Answer any five questions in the spaces provided.
Each question carries 20 marks.

1. (a) Identify five roles of the messiah according to Isaiah 61:1-2 found in Luke 4 :18-19. (5 marks)
(b) State seven activities that took place during the presentation of Jesus in the temple Luke 2:22-40.
(7 marks)
(c) Give eight reasons why children should be introduced to the worship God in church at an early age.
(8 marks)

2. (a) Describe the incident when Jesus healed a man with leprosy Luke 5:12- 16. (8 marks)
(b) Outline reasons why Jesus used parables in his teachings. (7 marks)
(c) State five teachings about Jesus that Christians learn from the miracles He performed. (5 marks)

3. (a) Identify the causes of conflict between Jesus and the Jewish religious leaders in Jerusalem.
(7 marks)
(b) Outline the incident in which Jesus revealed himself to the two men on their way to Emmaus.
Luke 24:13-31. (7 marks)
(c) State six ways in which the church leadership solve conflicts today. (6 marks)

4. (a) Outline seven teachings of Jesus on the role of the Holy Spirit. (7 marks)
(b) Explain the unity of believers as expressed in the image of the People of God 1Peter 2:9-10
(7 marks)
(c) Identify six ways in which Christians are able to identify those who possess the Gifts of the Holy Spirit.
(6 marks)
5. (a) Identify seven factors that have led to an increased rate of child labour in Kenya today. (7 marks)
(b) Outline the causes of conflict between an employer and employees in Kenya. (7 marks)
(c) Give six roles a Christian should play during a strike. (6 marks)

6. (a) Explain similarities between the Christian and traditional African view on marriage. (6 marks)
(b) Give seven reasons why Christians in Kenya condemn homosexuality. (7 marks)
(c) Identify seven ways in which the church is helping solve the problem of domestic violence in Kenya
today. (7 marks)

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KECS JOINT EXAMINATION, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME
1. (a) Outline five ways how the study of CRE promotes the goal of international consciousness (5MKS)
i) It teaches that God created the universe and everything in it
ii) It helps learners to appreciate every person in every part of the world
iii) It teaches that all people are fearfully and wonderfully made
iv) It teaches that we are all children of God so that the human race is one and God is the father of all/ All
humanity have a common Father- God/ origin and destiny/ we are created in God’s image and likeness,
thus we are all brothers and sister
v) It helps learners to appreciate and tolerate other people’s cultures/ promotes inclusivity
vi) It enables learners to live in peace, love and unity with others across the globe
(1x5= 5mks)
(b) Give seven reasons why the bible had to be complied into its present form by the early church
(7MKS)
i) In order to prevent information from getting lost
ii) Eye witness of Jesus were being killed
iii) Due to expansion of the church
iv) To counteract false teaching
v) To ensure the same doctrines were taught to Christians
vi) To reach out Jew in diaspora/ and the gentiles
vii) To preserve an orderly account of Biblical themes
(1x7=7 marks)
(c) Mention eight ways in which the Bible is being misused in the society today (7mks)
 It is used to take oaths by people who do not follow its teachings/ non-believers
 It is kept in places associated with evil
 Distortion of bible teachings/ misinterpretation of the scriptures/ selective reading for convenience
 Some people use the Bible as an ordinary text book/ lack of respect and reverence to it
 The Bible is used in witchcraft/ cultism/ black magic
 Some use the bible to enrich themselves/ prosperity gospel
 Some versions of the bible are translated and it changes its original meaning/ distortion/
 Bible not reads for spiritual growth but just kept for display
 Some people use the Bible to administer curses
(1x8=8marks)

2. (a) Outline the background to the call of Abraham (7mks)

 He lives in the city of Ur near river Euphrates
 His father was a Semite/ His father was Terah
 They were semi-nomadic people
 They lived among people who worshipped the moon
 He married a wife called Sarai
 His wife Sarah remained barren till old age
 They migrated to Canaan but later settled in a place called Haran
 He had two brothers Haran and Nahor
 He and a nephew called lot
 His father died at the age of 205 years in Haran
(1x7=7marks)

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(b) State seven promises that God gave to Abraham (7mks)
 God would give him land to dwell in
 God would make Abrahams name famous
 God would establish an everlasting covenant with Abraham and his descendants
 God would protect Abraham
 God would give Abraham and his wife a son/ heir
 God would make Abraham’s descendants a great nation
 God would make Abraham’s descendants to be enslaved in a foreign land for four hundred years and
thereafter release them
 God would punish the nation that enslaves Abraham’s descendants
 God would make some of his descendant’s kings
 God would bless him
 To bless those who blessed him and curse those who cursed him
 Make all the families of earth receive blessing through Abraham
 Let Abraham live for long and die in peace
(1x7=7marks)
(c) Explain five relevance of Abraham promises to Christians today (5mks)
i) Christians believe that God fulfils the promises he makes with his people
ii) Christians believe that they are descendants and heirs of Abraham by faith
iii) Christians believe that nothing is impossible with God
iv) Christians are assured of God’s protection
v) Christians enter into a new and everlasting covenant with God through Jesus Christ
vi) Abrahams calls demanded that he put a break to his entire life, hence Christians are also called to leave
their past
(1x5= 5mks)

3 a.) Explain seven achievements of Solomon as King of Israel. (7 marks)

 Solomon built a magnificent Temple for God in Jerusalem as a fulfilment of God’s promise to David.
(1 Kings 5,6 )
 He collected and composed thousands of Proverbs and songs which were used in teaching and worship.
 He established and developed trade links with other countries which led to economic prosperity in
Israel.
 He initiated industrial activities and exploited copper deposits in the area of Edom which had been
conquered by David
 He developed diplomatic relations with foreign countries by marrying the daughters of the kings of
those countries e.g. married the daughters of Egypt, Edom, Tyre and many others
 He built up a professional army equipped with horse drawn chariots for defence (1 kings 10:26)
 He had government officials who assisted him in his administrative duties (1 Kings 4)
 Solomon divided the kingdom into effective administrative districts in order to exploit the resources
effectively.
 Solomon brought the Ark of the covenant to the Temple of Jerusalem which represented God’s
presence among His people (1 Kings 8)
 He built himself a palace that took 13 years to be completed (1 Kings 7 )
 Solomon was a great wise man as he was able to judge difficult cases and settle disputes wisely.
 Solomon initiated ambitious building programmes in which he fortified Jerusalem and other cities to
ensure security.
7x1 =7 Marks

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b.) State the significance of King David as an ancestor of Jesus Christ to Christians today (6 marks).
 The genealogy in the New Testament links David to Jesus’ ancestry.
 During the annunciation of the birth of Jesus the angel told Mary that God would give him the throne
of his father David.
 Zechariah in the Benedictus says that God has raised a horn of salvation from the line of David
 Jesus’ foster father Joseph, was of the house of David
 Jesus was born in Bethlehem, the city of David
 During His ministry, Jesus was referred to as the son of David e.g. by the blind man at Jericho
 During the triumphant entry into Jerusalem, the crowd hailed Jesus as the king from the lineage of
David
 Paul and Peter in their sermons refer to Jesus as a descendant of David e.g. on the day of Pentecost.
6x1=6marks.
c.) Identify seven lessons do Christians learn from Elijah’s prophetic mission today? (7 marks)
 Church leaders should remain courageous and firm in condemning any form of social injustice such
as corruption, murder of the innocent and exploitation of the weak.
 Christians should remain faithful to God through word and deed even if it would cost them their
lives/should not compromise their faith in God for fear of threats, rejection, opposition or
persecution/should be loyal to God.
 Modern Christians should not despair in their missionary work in the face of challenges but should
lean on God for encouragement and providence/Pray for provision whenever they lack.
 Christians should advocate for the rights of the poor and speak against any form of oppression.
 Christians should pray to God in faith and he will answer them.
 Christians should avoid bearing false witness against their neighbours/should not give false evidence
against their neighbours
 Christians should avoid modern idolatry at all cost.
 Christians should live lives free of corruption
 Christians should courageously and fearlessly defend their religion/should not allow people to practice
or practice false religion.
 Christians should be ready to suffer and face opposition in their work.
 Christians should preach and win converts to God.
7x1 =7 Marks
4. a) State eight roles of true prophets in the Old Testament. (7 marks)
 They spoke on behalf of God/God’s messengers/interceded for people
 They foretold the future events/prophesy.
 They guided and counselled kings/acted as the conscience of kings.
 They called people back to repentance/gave messages of hope.
 They reminded the people about the covenant
 They condemned evil in society
 They warned the people of God’s judgment and punishment
 They made people understand the nature of God/ teaching them
 They offered sacrifices to God/acted as priests/Led people in worship
 They anointed kings
 They interpreted the visions/dreams/current affairs from God.
 They preached practical monotheism and condemned idolatry/They stressed that only one God was to
be worshipped
7x1=7marks

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b.) Outline seven teachings of prophet Amos on the remnant and restoration of Israel. (Amos 9:8-15)
i) God would restore the dynasty of David after destruction. Vs.11
ii) God would bring the people to their land. Vs.15
iii) The people would rebuild their cities so that the remnant of Edom can occupy them. Vs.14a
iv) The land would be reproductive/grapes will be in abundance/wine would be in plenty.vs.14b
v) The people would grow food and harvest it.vs.14
vi) The nation of Israel would be peaceful/prosperous. Vs.15a
vii) The Israelites would never be taken into exile again.vs.15
7x1=7 Marks
c.) Give five reasons why Christians find it difficult to help the needy in society (5 marks)
 There are too many needy cases.
 Tribal/ethnic/social discrimination/ feelings may hinder one from giving assistance to the needy.
 Political leanings /affiliations influence Christians against helping those who do not belong to their
camp.
 Lack of what to share/inadequacy/lack of income/poverty
 Indifference/ lack of knowledge/of some Christians to the plight of the needy
 Denominational differences where some Christians are not ready to share with those who are not of
their group
 Poor communication/ Insecurity/Hostility/infrastructure in some parts of the country that make it
impossible to reach the needy
 It is difficult to identify the genuine needy cases
 Misappropriation of resources meant for assisting the needy discourages Christians from contributing
 Some needy cases turn out to be ungrateful
5x1=5 marks
5. a. Explain the importance of the temple of Jerusalem to the Persian empire during the time of
Nehemiah (5mks)
i) Temples were wealthy institutions with their own land and workforce and their own money from which
they gave out loans, just like banks and credit society today.
ii) They contributed to the economic growth of the empire.
iii) The Persian imperial officers supervised the temple priesthood and ensure the payment of tribute to
the empire.
iv) The temple and its priests were important because they contributed to the maintenance of law and
order in the empire.
v) The priesthood served as custodians of the legal traditions in the region.
vi) They also helped in the codification and implementation of the local traditional laws.
5x1=5mks
b. Outline the terms of the covenant renewed by the Israelites under Nehemiah
 To preserve the integrity of the community.
 The community agreed to be a people set apart by not contracting marriages with foreigners.
 The community agreed to avoid commercial dealings on the Sabbath and holy days in accordance with
the Law of Moses.
 The land was to rest every seven years.
 Those burdened with debts were to be given relief in accordance with the Law of Moses.
 The community was to supply what was required for regular worship from their own resources. These
include monetary contributions as well as offering of bread, grains, and meat needed for rituals
prescribed for daily temple services and also for special days.
 The community promised to continue ancient Israel’s practices of recognizing that all things which are
given to them for their sustenance and growth came from and ultimately belong to God.
 The community was to give the first of everything, animals and plants to God, as well as their tithes
for the support of temple personnel. The people pledged not to neglect the home of God.
7x1= 7mks
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c. Lessons from the renewal of the covenant by Nehemiah
 Christian should ask for their sins to be forgiven.
 They should lead righteous lives.
 Christian should always pray to God
 Christian should demonstrate humility
 They should avoid groups that can negatively influence their faith in God
 They should teach others the word of God
 They should set aside a day for worship
 They should respect the church as a place for prayer
7x1=7mks

6. a. Roles of ancestors in traditional African communities.

i) They act as mediators/intercessors between the living and God.
ii) They monitor oversee what is happening in the community.
iii) They bring punishment to the wrong doers/blessings to the righteous
iv) They give instructions/directions on what should be done by members of the community.
v) They rebuke/give a warning of the coming punishment for wrong doers.
vi) They give guidance on how rituals should be conducted.
vii) They are community values/traditions.
viii Through the ancestors, the living has a sense of belonging/identify.
ix) They welcome the dead to the spiritual world.
x) They provide a reservoir of names.
7x1=7mks

b. The rituals performed during initiation in TAS

i) Singing and dancing
ii) seclusion of the initiates
iii) offering sacrifices to the ancestors
iv) shedding of blood that led to the drain on the ground
v) washing and shaving of the hairs
vi) giving new names and wearing of new attires
vii) giving of gifts and presents
6x1=6mks

c. The changes that affected the have taken place in the rites of initiation in kenya today
 Female circumcision/clitoridectomy has been discouraged
 Circumcision can be done at any age/time
 Some communities take their children to hospital for circumcision
 Education of the initiates is offered by persons/bodies other than traditional sponsors
 Some initiation practices like removal of teeth/tattooing of the body are being discouraged/discarded
 Some communities have minimized/stopped elaborate ceremonies/rituals associated with initiation.
 People are being discouraged from using the same circumcision instruments
 The role of age-set/ age-group is fading away in some communities
 Initiation practices are no longer a test of courage/bravery
7x1=7

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KECS JOINT EXAMINATION, 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEME
1. (a) Identify five roles of the Messiah according to Isaiah 61:1-2 found in Luke 4 18-19 (5 marks)
i) The Messiah would preach the good news to the poor
ii) To proclaim release to the captives
iii) To recover the sight to the blind
iv) To set free the oppressed
v) To proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord. /year of favor of the Lord. (5x1= 5 marks)
(b) State seven activities that took place during the presentation of Jesus in the temple
(Luke 2:22-40). (7 marks)
i) Jesus was taken to the temple for dedication in accordance to the Mosaic law
ii) They offered sacrifices according to what is said in the law of the Lord- turtle doves or two young
pigeons.
iii) Simeon took Jesus up in his arms and thanked God for fulfilling his promises to see the messiah.
iv) Jesus parents marveled at what Simeon said.
v) Simeon blessed Jesus’ parents.
vi) Prophetess Anna thanked God for the child.
vii) Anna gave prophesies about Jesus.
viii) When they had done everything according to the law of the Lord, they returned home
7x1= 7 marks)
(c) Give eight reasons why children should be introduced to worship God in church at an early
age. (8 marks)
i) To create in them an awareness about God/ to know more about God.
ii) To learn the true teachings of their church
iii) To familiarize them with the religious practices of their church
iv) To learn to trust and have faith in God.
v) To imitate/copy the example of Christ
vi) To give them a sense of belonging to the Christian community
vii) To dedicate them to God
viii) To enable them become members of the church.
ix) To learn prayers and worship songs.
x) To lay a foundation of Christian beliefs at an early age.
xi) To prepare them for their roles as future church leaders.
(8x1= 8 marks)
2. (a) Describe the incident when Jesus healed a man with leprosy Luke 5:12- 16 (7 marks)
i) Jesus was in one of the cities
ii) He met a man who was full of leprosy
iii) When the man saw Jesus, he fell on his face and begged Him to heal him
iv) Jesus stretched his hand and touched the leper who got healed immediately
v) Jesus told the man not to tell anyone but to go to the priest to be examined and confirmed as cured.
vi) He ordered him to offer a sacrifice to God according to the Mosaic Law
vii) The leper would be declared healed and accepted back to the society
viii) These news spread throughout the land and many people gathered to hear the word and to be healed.
ix) However Jesus withdrew to the wilderness and prayed. (7x1= 7 marks)

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(b) Outline reasons why Jesus used parables in his teachings. ( 7marks)
i) Jesus used parables to separate serious seekers of the kingdom of God from casual on lookers.
ii) To communicate effectively as it was a common method of teaching that time.
iii) To attract the attention of His listeners.
iv) To provoke the listeners to think and apply his teachings in their daily lives.
v) To avoid direct confrontation with the Pharisees, Sadducees and the scribes.
vi) To make people understand the complicated theme/topic of the unseen Kingdom.
vii) He was to keep his identity a secret until he finalizes his mission.
viii) To fulfill the Old Testament prophecies. (7x1= 7 marks)

(c) State five teachings about Jesus that Christians learn from the miracles He performed.
(6 marks)
i) Jesus has compassion/ mercy to those suffering.
ii) Jesus is the Lord of life.
iii) Jesus is the son of God.
iv) Jesus came to save the world from sin
v) Jesus is a universal savior
vi) Jesus is concerned with the total wellbeing of humankind
vii) Jesus answers prayers.
viii) He came to liberate people from their bondage in life.
ix) Jesus has powers over Satan
x) Jesus has power over nature
xi) Jesus has power over all diseases.
xii) His mission was to uplift the lowly
xiii) Jesus is human
xiv) Jesus demands faith from us.
xv) Jesus came to discourage the Jewish traditions that were a barrier to receiving eternal life.
(6x1= 6 marks)
3. a) Outline seven areas of conflict between Jesus and Jewish religious leaders during His
ministry in Jerusalem (7marks)
i) The question about His authority where the chief priest demanded to know by whose authority he
taught.
ii) He condemned them for having rejected the old testament prophets and rejecting him also (parable
of the tenants)
iii) The question about payment of taxes to the Caesar
iv) The question about resurrection
v) The question about the messiah being a descendant of king David
vi) Jesus warned about the hypocrisy of the teachers of the law
vii) The widow’s offering (7x1=7marks)

b) Describe the incident when Jesus revealed Himself to the two men on their way to Emmaus
(8marks)
i) Now on that same day two of them were going to a village called Emmaus, about seven miles from
Jerusalem, talking with each other about all these things that had happened.
ii) While they were talking and discussing, Jesus himself came near and went with them, but their eyes
were kept from recognizing him.
iii) And he said to them, “What are you discussing with each other while you walk along?” They stood
still, looking sad.
iv) Then one of them, whose name was Cleopas, answered him, “Are you the only stranger in Jerusalem
who does not know the things that have taken place there in these days?” He asked them, “What
things?”
v) They replied, “The things about Jesus of Nazareth, who was a prophet mighty in deed and word
before God and all the people, how our chief priests and leaders handed him over to be condemned

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to death and crucified him. But we had hoped that he was the one to redeem Israel. Yes, and besides
all this, it is now the third day since these things took place”
vi) Moreover, some women of our group astounded us. They were at the tomb early this morning, when
they did not find his body there; they came back and told us that they had indeed seen a vision of
angels who said that he was alive.
vii) Then Jesus said to them, “Oh, how foolish you are, and how slow of heart to believe all that the
prophets have declared! Was it not necessary that the Messiah should suffer these things and then
enter into his glory?”
viii) Then beginning with Moses and all the prophets, he interpreted to them the things about himself in
all the scriptures. As they came near the village to which they were going, he walked ahead as if he
were going on.
ix) They urged him strongly, saying, “Stay with us, because it is almost evening and the day is now
nearly over.” So he went in to stay with them. When he was at the table with them, he took bread,
blessed and broke it, and gave it to them. Then their eyes were opened, and they recognized him;
and he vanished from their sight.
x) They went back to Jerusalem to tell the other disciples about it but found they had been informed by
Peter.
(8x1= 8 marks)
c) Identify ways in which the Church resolves conflicts today (6marks)
i) They pray over the issue/problem
ii) They offer guidance and counseling to the affected
iii) Paying visits/talking to the offender/fellowship
iv) By involving church leaders as arbitrators.
v) Forgiving the one who has wronged the other/asking for forgiveness
vi) Willingness by the offender to accept the mistakes made/accepting liability.
vii) Withdrawing some privileges for a period of time so that one can reform
viii) By sharing meals /eating together
ix) Through shaking of hands/accepting a greeting.
(6x1=6 marks)
4. a) Outline seven teachings of Jesus on the role of the Holy Spirit (7marks)
i) The Holy Spirit enables Christians to make the right decisions/gives wisdom/counsel
ii) He gives believers deep understanding /revelation of God.
iii) The Holy Spirit would complete God’s universal plan of saving human kind.
iv) The Holy Spirit would reveal the truth about God.
v) The Holy Spirit would help the disciples to understand Jesus relationship with God the father and
their spiritual union.
vi) The Holy Spirit would reveal the sins of the world/ convict them of sin.
vii) The Holy Spirit would affirm the right of Jesus as the son of God
viii) The Holy Spirit would reveal the glory of Jesus death as victory over the evil power of Satan
ix) The Holy Spirit would continue Jesus’ work of forgiving sins.
x) The Holy Spirit would give the disciples the power to become His witness in Jerusalem, all Judea,
Samaria and to the ends of the earth.
xi) The Holy Spirit would enable the disciples to discern and expose the secrets hearts of sinful people
(7x1= 7 marks)
b) Explain the unity of believers as expressed in the people of God (1 peter2:9-10) (7marks)
i) They are a chosen race
ii) A royal priest hood
iii) A holy nation
iv) They are called to proclaim the wonderful works of God to the world
v) They are called out of darkness into marvelous light
vi) Once they were not a people but now they are Gods people
vii) Once they had not received mercy but now they have received God’s mercy by grace.
(7x1= 7 marks)

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c) Identify six ways in which Christians are able to identify those who possess the Gifts of the
Holy Spirit (6marks)
i) listening to their confessions/they should confess Jesus as lord
ii) Showing/practicing the fruits of the Holy
Spirit/Love/Peace/Kindness/Patience/Goodness/Faithfulness
iii) They should be role models to other Christians
iv) They conquer temptations/works of the flesh
v) They use the gifts to enrich the church / others
vi) They analyze the kind of teaching they prophecy/their teachings should be about Jesus Christ
(6x1 =6 marks)
5. (a) Identify seven factors that have led to an increased rate of child labor in Kenya today
(7 marks)
i) Widespread poverty among parents.
ii) High dropout rate from school.
iii) Orphans and destitute children with no one to take care of them.
iv) Family breakups due to separation and divorce.
v) Runaways voluntarily seek for jobs.
vi) Urbanization and industrialization.
vii) Ignorance on the part of children about their rights.
viii) Children provide cheap labor.
ix) Children are not unionisable and thus cannot fight for good terms and conditions of service.
x) Children can easily be hired and fired.
xi) Children are not skilled in any job and so cannot fight for good terms of service.
xii) Children discrimination in some communities/boys are preferred/given priorities over girls or vice
versa.
xiii) Children are given too many responsibilities at an early age/negligence/irresponsible parents.
(7 x 1 = 7 marks)
(b) Outline the causes of conflict between an employer and employees in Kenya. (7 marks)
i) Lack of respect to the employee by the employer (or vice versa).
ii) Employees not being given time for leisure/leave.
iii) Poor working conditions/environment.
iv) When the employees do not receive their wages/not paid on time.
v) When employers fail to consider the welfare of employees/ allowances.
vi) When employees fail to accomplish tasks within the expected time/poor time management.
vii) When employees are not allowed to join trade unions.
viii) Unequal changes of promotion/discrimination by the employer/lack of promotion.
ix) Poor/low remuneration.
x) Sexual harassment by the employer.
xi) Racial/tribal/ethnic differences may bring conflicts.
xii) Misuse /destruction of property by employees.
xiii) Differences in religious affiliation between the employer and employees.
xiv) Divulging the secrets of the employer/organization. (7 x 1 = 7 marks)

(c) Give six roles a Christian should play during a strike. (6 marks)
i) Not to take part in the strike.
ii) Encourage other people to find better means of solving the problem.
iii) To inform the authority of any grievances if they are not aware/mediate.
iv) To pray for a solution to the problem/seek God’s guidance for a solution to the problem.
v) Should not take part in a violent demonstration.
vi) To report the matter to the nearest police station. (6 x 1 = 6 marks)

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6. (a) Explain similarities between the Christian and traditional African view of marriage.
(6 marks)
i) In both, marriage is ordained/blessed by God/gift from God.
ii) In both, marriage is for procreation.
iii) In both, marriage is for companionship.
iv) In both, marriage should be permanent.
v) In both, the husband and wife should respect/love each other.
vi) In both, marriage gives a new status to those who enter into marriage/qualifies them for leadership.
vii) In both, faithfulness is encouraged.
viii) In both, the husband and wife should grant conjugal rights to each other.
ix) In both, the husband is the head of the family (6 x 1 = 6 marks)

(b) Give seven reasons why Christians in Kenya condemn homosexuality. (7 marks)
i) It is a form of sexual immorality.
ii) It is against God’s /Biblical teachings/it is a sin.
iii) It is an abuse of the sacredness of sex.
iv) It is contrary to the natural order of things.
v) It does not allow procreation to take place.
vi) It lowers the dignity of human beings who are created in the image of God.
vii) It can lead to diseases like HIV/AID/physical injuries leading to human suffering.
viii) It may lead to psychological problems like stress/depression.
ix) It may lead to rejection/being an outcast.
(7 x 1 = 7 marks)
(c) Identify seven ways in which the church is helping solve the problem of domestic violence in
Kenya today. (7 marks)
i) Offering guidance and counseling to couples who are affected.
ii) Holding seminars/conferences for married couples.
iii) Developing mass media programs on family relationships.
iv) Praying for families.
v) Teaching on the need for love/respect /tolerance in marriage.
vi) Visiting members in their homes to encourage them.
vii) Giving material assistance/employment to the needy to reduce tension/creating employment
opportunities to the needy.
viii) Condemning all forms of violence.
ix) Settling disputes among couples/children. ( 7 x 1 = 7 marks)

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LANJET 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS

1. a. State the national Goals of education. (5mks)

b. Outline similarities between Biblical stories of creation and traditional view of creation. (8mks)
c. Give seven causes of evil in the modern society. (7mks)
2. a. Describe the incidence when Abraham wanted to sacrifice his son. (Gen 22:1-19) (8mks)
b. State the characteristics of the covenant between God and Abraham. (6mks)
c. Give six lessons learnt about God from Mt Moriah’s incidence. (6mks)
3 a. Name any six Judges in Israel. (6mks)
b. State the significance of the Jerusalem temple. (7mks)
c. Identify lessons Christians learn from the failures of King Saul. (7mks)
4. a. State seven ways in which prophets were important in the life of Israelites. (7mks)
b. Explain Amos teachings on social justice and responsibility in Israel. (7mks)
c. Identify ways in which the church is promoting Social Justice in Kenya today. (6mks)
5 a. Explain the symbolisms used during the call of prophet Jeremiah (6mks)
b. Outline occasions when Nehemiah prayed. (8mks)
c. State the qualities of God learnt from the call of prophet Jeremiah. (6mks)
6 a. State seven practices in T.A.S that show their belief in life after death. (7mks)
b. What changes have taken place in the rite of initiation in Kenya today? (7mks)
c. Outline six conditions under which divorce may be allowed in African Traditional society.
(6mks)

LANJET 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS

1. a) Outline the message of prophet Isaiah about the messiah. (8 marks)

b) State six activities that took place when Jesus was born (Luke 2: 6- 20) (6 marks)
c) Explain the importance of singing in a Christian service. (6 marks)
2. a) Describe the baptism of Jesus in river Jordan by John the Baptist in Luke 3:21-22. (7 marks)
b) Outline six teachings of John the Baptist. (6marks)
c) Why are Christians finding it difficult to apply the teachings of John the Baptist in their lives today? (7 marks)
3. a) Narrate the parable of the widow and the unjust judge. (Luke 18:1-8). (7 marks)
b) State five accusations that were made against Jesus during his trial (Luke 22: 66 –23: 1 - 23). (5 marks)
c) Why should Christians be discouraged from taking part in mob justice? (8marks)
4. a) Give seven reasons why Jesus sent the Holy Spirit to the disciples after his ascension. (7 marks)
(b) State how kindness as a fruit of the Holy Spirit is abused in the Church in Kenya today. (6 marks)
c) Explain seven ways in which the gifts of the Holy Spirit are abused in the church today. (7marks)
5. a) Identify five sources of Christian Ethics. (5 marks)
b) Give seven reasons why Christians in Kenya condemn homosexuality. (7 marks)
(c) Explain how responsible parenthood is demonstrated by Christians in Kenya today. (8marks)
6. a) How is the church helping to reduce the rate of crime in Kenya? (8 marks)
b) Give six reasons why Christians are opposed to euthanasia. (6 marks)
c) Identify ways through which Christians can help to control desertification. (6 marks)

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LANJET 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/1
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME

1. a. State the national Goals of education. (5mks)

National unity
National development
Individual development
Social equality
International consciousness

b. Outline similarities between Biblical stories of creation and traditional view of creation. (8mks)
In both creation is the work of a supreme being/God.
In both God continues to sustain/provide for His creation.
In both God is the source of life.
In both creation was done in an orderly manner.
In both human beings are at the centre/climax of God’s creation.
In both human beings are in charge of the creation/have authority over creation.
In both human beings are to obey/worship the creator.
In both, God’s work of creation is still ongoing.
In both, God created male and female.

c. Give seven causes of evil in the modern society. (7mks)

Poor role models.
Poverty/Wealth
Permissiveness/too much freedom
Lack of guidance and counselling
Inability to forgive others
Influence from mass media
Disobedience
Selfishness/Corruption/Greed
Influence of drugs and alcohol
Unemployment
Influence from peers

2. a. Describe the incidence when Abraham wanted to sacrifice his son. (Gen 22:1-19) (8mks)
God told Abraham to take his only son to the land of Moriah/ to offer him as a sacrifice.
Abraham took his son, two servants and wood for burnt offering.
They arrived at the place after a three day’s journey.
Abraham commanded his servants to remain behind as he and Isaac went up to worship.
He took Isaac, the firewood and the knife, and went up.
Isaac asked his father where the lamb for the offering would come from.
Abraham told Isaac that God would provide the lamb for a burnt offering.
When they arrived at the place God had commanded, Abraham built an altar.
He bound Isaac/laid him on the altar upon the wood.
Abraham took the knife to slay his son but the angel of the Lord stopped him.
Abraham saw a ram, which he offered instead of his son.
He called the name of the place, The Lord will provide.
The angle appeared to Abraham a second time and gave him promises because of his obedience.

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b. State the characteristics of the covenant between God and Abraham. (6mks)
It was unconditional
It had two unequal parties i.e. God and Abraham.
It had promises which were given by God.
It had an outward sign which was circumcision.
It was sealed through the blood of the sacrifice.
It was voluntary
Abraham entered it willingly.
It was binding
It was to be kept even by Abraham’s descendants.
It was initiated by God.

c. Give six lessons learnt about God from Mt Moriah’s incidence. (6mks)
God is a provider, he provided the ram
God demands obedience from his people
God values human life that is why he did not allow Abraham to sacrifice his son
God sometimes tests the faith of his people
God blesses those who obey and trust him
God is faithful to his promises

3 a. Name any six Judges in Israel. (6mks)

Othiniel
Ehud
Samson
Gideon
Abimelech
Deborah
Samuel
Barat
Shamga

b. State the significance of the Jerusalem temple. (7mks)

It symbolized God’s presence among his people through the Ark of the Covenant which was kept in
the Temple.
It was a dwelling place for God. I Kings 8:12 – 13.
It was a centre/house of worship and prayer for the Jews/ priests offered sacrifices, burnt incense
and prayers to God in the Temple.
All the Jewish Religious festivals/feasts such as Passover, Pentecost and New Year were
celebrated in the Temple.
The Temple was a symbol of national security because the Jews believed that the Temple would
never be destroyed.
Religious rites were performed in the Temple e.g. Purification and dedication rites,
naming, circumcision of baby boys and lepers were cleansed in the temple.
It was a place for pilgrimage for the Jews living in Palestine and the Jews of the Diaspora
It was a commercial centre and housed the Jewish treasury where currencies were exchanged
and animals for sacrifices sold.
It was a centre for Jewish learning where the teaching of the law was conducted
It was used as a law court where social and religious issues could be solved by the Sanhedrin/council
of Jewish religious leader.
It was a symbol of Jewish unity. It united the Jews as the people of God, since it was built
and maintained by Kings.
It was a royal sanctuary thus providing stability for the monarch.
It was the residence for the religious leaders and the place where priests and prophets Lived, e.g.
prophetess Anna, Luke 2:36 – 38.

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The Jews believed that the Messiah would appear in the Temple.
The Temple was the only place where sacrifices to God were offered by the priests.
God revealed himself to many in the Temple e.g. Hannah, Isaiah etc.

c. Identify lessons Christians learn from the failures of King Saul. (7mks)
Christians learn that they should be patient/wait upon God.
Christians should avoid evil deeds/thoughts in their lives.
They should obey God/His teachings/authority.
They should have faith in God alone.
Christians should have faith in God/ trust in the saving power of God alone.
They should respect people anointed to do the will of God/church leaders.
Christians should not be greedy/selfish.
They should be responsible/true to their duties.
Christians should repent/ask for forgiveness.
Christians should be honest in their dealings.

4. a. State seven ways in which prophets were important in the life of Israelites. (7mks)
They acted as mediators between God and people
God spoke to prophets to communicate information about the future
They preached practical monotheism and condemned idolatry
They condemned all forms of social evils and ritual sins
They acted as the conscience of kings
They gave people hope of being restored to God if they repented their sins

b. Explain Amos teachings on social justice and responsibility in Israel. (7mks)

The righteous could be sold for silver and the needy for a pair of shoes.
The rich woman led luxurious lives and were unkind to the poor
The rich woman encouraged their husbands to exploit the poor
The rich people took an excess share of the harvest from the farmers
The rulers lived luxurious lives in good houses as the poor suffered thus God would send them
into exile.
The rulers were arrogant, trusted in material things, drunk wine when the poor had nothing to eat.
The judges were corrupt and took bribes from the rich
The wealthy merchants cheated the poor by using scales/selling the refuse The Israelites indulged
in wine drinking and forced even those not supposed to drink, to do so
Those who spoke the truth were hated
Prophet Amos advised the people to seek good and avoid evil
The Israelites indulged in sexual immorality; they provoked the almighty God.
He advised against the misuse of the garments taken in pledge
Amos advised against robbery with violence.

c. Identify ways in which the church is promoting Social Justice in Kenya today. (6mks)
Providing education to the public on social justice/civic education
By respecting and following the laws of the country as laid down by the Government
By providing shelter to the needy
It preaches on social justice
The church prays for social justice in the country
The church gives food/clothing to the affected/aims/money
It advices the government on the need for the practice of justice in society
The church condemns preaching against/pointing out/social injustice in the society.

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5 a. Explain the symbolisms used during the call of prophet Jeremiah (6mks)
God touched Jeremiah’s mouth. This was to symbolize that God was the source of the message
Jeremiah was to deliver.
To uproot and to pull down, to destroy and overthrow. God would pass judgment on the nation of
Judah and other nations/judgment would come to the people of Judah because of their unfaithfulness
to the covenant way of life
To build and to plant. There was still hope of the restoration of people Judah after exile.
A branch of an almond tree that was bare-God was watching to see the fulfilment of the messages
he gave to Jeremiah.
A pot of boiling facing away from the North and about to tilt towards Judah: God would use a nation
from the North to bring judgment on the people of Judah because of their wickedness.
A fortified city, A bronze wall and an iron pillar. God was going to protect him even though he
was going to meet opposition.

b. Outline occasions when Nehemiah prayed. (8mks)

Nehemiah prayed when he got a bad report from the Jews that Jerusalem was in ruins
When he was about to ask for permission from King Artaxerxes I to go to Judah and rebuild the
wall of Jerusalem
When Sanballat ridiculed the rebuilding of the wall
When Sanballat / Tobiah / Ammonites threatened to fight the people of Jerusalem
He prayed for God’s favour after having forfeited his portion of food as governor for twelve years
When he was threatened to be killed by his enemies / Geshene the Arab
When he had purified the rooms in the house of God
After warning the people against ignoring the Sabbath law
After he had stopped the Israelites from intermarrying with the foreigners.

c. State the qualities of God learnt from the call of prophet Jeremiah. (6mks)
God knows every person by name/all knowing.
God is a planner/chooses/appoints.
God is holy.
God hates/punishes evil.
God is just/judges.
He is caring/concerned.
God is merciful/forgiving.
God is universal.
God is a protector/deliverer.
He is powerful/almighty/omnipotent.
He is beyond human understanding/transcendent.
He is everywhere/omnipresent.
He restores.

6 a. State seven practices in T.A.S that show their belief in life after death. (7mks)
Naming children after the dead
Invoking the names of the dead during problems /important occasions
Burying the dead with some property
Offering sacrifices to the dead
Powering of libation to the living dead/ancestors/leaving some food for the living dead
Taking care of the graveyards
Fulfilling the wishes/will of the deed/carrying out the demands of the dead
Talking of the dead as having gone for a walk
Washing the dead body/oiling/decent burial
Holding commemoration ceremonies
Burying the dead in a particular position/direction/ancestral land

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b. What changes have taken place in the rite of initiation in Kenya today? (7mks)
Female circumcision/ clitoridectomy has been discouraged
Circumcision can be done at any age/ time
Some communities take their children to hospital for circumcision
Education of the initiates is offered by persons/ bodies other than traditional sponsors
Some initiation practices like removal of teeth/ tattooing of the body are being discouraged/discarded
Some communities have minimized/ stopped elaborate ceremonies/ rituals associated with initiation
People are being discouraged from using the same circumcision instruments
The role of age set/ age group is fading away in some communities
Initiation practices are no longer a test of courage/ bravery

c. Outline six conditions under which divorce may be allowed in African Traditional society.
(6 marks)
Laziness
Witchcraft/ sorcery
Breaking of taboos
Disrespect of in- laws
Failure to pay dowry
Unfaithfulness
In case one is discovered to be a thief
In case one suffered from madness, leprosy, epilepsy

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LANJET 2022
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
313/2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEME
1 a) The message of Prophet Isaiah messiah (Luke 1: 26-36)
 The messiah would be a descendant of David/rule of the throne of David
 The messiah will rule forever
 He would be despised /rejected by many/a man of sorrow/suffering servant
 He would be born of a young woman/virgin
 Messianic reign/rule will bring happiness/joy to the Israelites
 He would be wounded for people’s transgressions/would suffer for sins of human beings
 Peace /prosperity will prevail during the messianic reign
 He will be called wonderful/counselor/mighty god/Everlasting Father/Prince of peace/anointed/God
Immanuel.
 He will rule with justice/ righteousness
 He would have characteristics of normal human being/child
 His suffering through the will God/it will be initiated by God.
(8 x =8marks)

b) The activities that took place when Jesus was born (Luke 2:6-20)
 Mary, the mother of baby Jesus wrapped him in swaddling clothes.
 She laid him in a manger
 Angle of the Lord appeared singing the praise of God
 A multitude of angles appeared singing the praise of God. The shepherds hurried to see the baby
 The shepherds spread the news to many people
 The shepherd sung/praises God after they had seen baby Jesus
 The shepherds returned to their homes/work.
(6x1 =6 marks)

c)The importance of singing in Christian Service

 It is an opportunity to praise/adore God
 Christians pass messages/pray through singing
 Singing creates a atmosphere of worshippers relax
 Singing creates an atmosphere of worship
 The singing removes boredom because of the varied activities during the service
 God given talents are portrayed/enhanced during singing. Non-members are attracted to church
through singing
 Those who feel depressed era encouraged through singing
 Singing unites/brings worshippers together as they all join in chorus/song.
(6x1= 6 marks)

2. a) The baptism of Jesus in river Jordan by john the Baptist in Luke.3:21-23.

All the people had been baptized by John.
Jesus was baptized
Jesus then started praying.
The heaven opened.
The Holy Spirit descended upon Jesus in a bodily form as a dove.
Then a voice came from heaven.
Then it said, 'thou an my beloved son with thee am well pleased. ( 7 x 1 = 7 marks)

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b) The teachings of John the Baptist
He told the people to repent and be baptized for forgiveness of their sins/He asked people to prepare
the way for the lord.
He (old them to be faithful / obedient to God and not to pride in Abraham as their ancestor.
He warned them of God's punishment on sin.
He encouraged die rich to share with the needy.
He to]d the tax collectors not to steal/be honest.
He told die soldiers to be contented with their wages/stop greed.
He told the soldiers to stop robbing/accusing people falsely/should be truthful.
He told them that the messiah who was to come after him was mightier/He was unworthy to untie his
sandals.
The Messiah would baptize the people with fire and the Holy Spirit.
The Messiah would separate the good from the evil/The evil would be punished.
He condemned Herod for his adulterous life/marrying the brother's wife.
(6x1= 6 marks)

c) Reasons why Christians find it hard to apply the teachings of John the Baptist in their lives.
They Jack faith in God's word.
Divisions along tribal/ racial/ denominational lines affects unity among Christians.
Clinging to the past/inability to abandon the old/previous life style.
Negative attitude by the rich towards the needy/poor.
The influence of the mass media/moral decadence in society.
Some Christians lack what to share with others/poverty.
There is rampant corruption in the society.
The emergency of cull leaders/false prophets in the society/lack of role models.
SomeChristianslead hypocriticallife
Peer pressure
( 7 x 1 = 7 marks)

3. a) The parable of the widow and the unjust judge.

There was a judge who neither feared God nor regarded man;
There was a widow who kept on coming to the judge to settle a case between her and her
enemies/adversaries,
The judge at first refused to grant the request of the widow,
The widow did not give up/persisted on her request.
The judge was afraid of getting worn out by the widows' insistence;
The judge finally accepted to grant the widow her request,
Jesus said that God would vindicate/grant the request of those w h o pray to Him persistently;
Jesus said that God responds to those who pray to Him in faith speedily.
(7x1 =7Marks)

b) Accusations that were made against Jesus during his trial.

Inciting people to revolt against the Roman rule.
Forbidding payment of taxes to Caesar
Equating Himself to God
Claiming to be the Messiah or king
Blasphemy
Treason
(5x1 =5 marks)

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c) Reasons why Christians should be discouraged from taking part in mob justice.
It does not give room to reason.
It is impulse/based on emotions.
It can lead destruction of poverty/life/it is violent physical injuries.
It is unbiblical/it lacks love/against law of the Lord.
It can be fueled by lies/malice/incitement
The victim is denied a change of defending himself/herself
It is a form of relation/revenge
It does not give room for forgiveness/reconciliation/rehabilitation
It can lead to bitterness/regret/psychological suffering.
(8 x 1 = 8marks)

4. a) Reasons why Jesus sent the Holy spirit to the disciples after his ascension
The Holy Spirit would comfort the disciples
He was to council the disciples
He would guide the disciples on what is right/god’s righteousness
He was to convict people of their sins
He to the disciples on what is right/God’s righteousness
He was to convict people of their sins
He was to reveal the future/enable the disciples to prophets/God’s will
He would glorify Jesus through the work of the disciples
He would enable the disciples to witness Christ throughout the world.
He would replace the physical presence of Jesus/stay with the disciple forever
He would empower the disciples to be able to speak with courage/confidence/authority.
(7x1=7 marks)

b) Ways in which kindness as a fruit of Holy Spirit is abused in Kenya today.

By church leaders starting many projects in the church, expecting the congregation to provide
the finance.
Some Christian fail to work because they expect assistance from others.
Some Christian over-depends on other problem’s assistance/effort,
Some members of the church failing to return/refund borrowed money and expect the members
of the church to understand.
When church leaders demand for payment for all services they render.
When church leaders ask their congregations to cater for their personal needs like further
studies/buying of vehicles/etc
(6 x 1 = 6mks)

(c) Ways in which the gifts of the Holy Spirit are abused in the church today,
Some Christians pretend that they have a certain gift of the Holy Spirit;
By asking for payment before healing the sick;
Christians misuse the gift of prophecy by giving wrong information;
Some Christians may impart demonic powers on t h e innocent/ignorant as they claim to
perform miracles;
Some Christians who possess the gifts of the Holy Spirit develop pride/arrogance;
Some use the gifts to bring division in the church/creating splinter groups;
Some Christians refuse to utilize the gifts they possess/personalize the gifts;
Speaking in tongues during worship leads to disorder/confusion in the tongues are not
interpreted/understood.

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5. a) Sources of Christian ethics.
Human reason experience
The bible
Traditions from Christian community
Natural law.
Situation ethics.
Secular state law/ constitution
Church Rituals
Conscience
(5 x 1 = 5 marks)

b) Reasons why Christian condemn homosexuality;

Homosexuality is a form of sexual immorality
It is against God’s Biblical teaching it is a sin
It is an abuse to the sacredness of sex
It is contrary to the natural order of things.
Homosexuality does not enable procreation to take place
It lowers the dignity of human beings who are created in the image of God
It can lead to diseases like HIV/AIDs leading to human suffering.
It leads to rejection/ being an outcast.
(7x1=7marks)

c) How responsible parenthood is demonstrated by Christians in Kenya today.

Christian parents provide physical basic needs for the family
They provides spiritual guidance to their children
They teach their children to live in harmony with others /moral values
They provide their children with education in order to acquire necessary knowledge skills/ to
realize their full potential
They act as role models for their children
They discipline correct/ the children whenever they deviate from the norms
They provide protection security to their children which enables the children to deal with
situations in life.
They teach their children how to grow physically/socially/psychologically so as for them to
understand changes in their bodies as they develop.
(1x8=8marks)

6. a) How the church is helping to reduce the rate of crime in Kenya

Providing guidance and counseling
Preaching about love for one another in the society
Rehabilitating law breakers
Providing jobs/ offering training opportunities to the people
Giving loans to people to start/ run business
Providing recreational facilities/ organizing recreational activities for the youth
Reporting criminals to the law enforcement authorities
Disciplining deviant members of the church
Participating in government programmes established to fight crime ( e.g. community policing)
Obeying the laws of the country/ being role models
Praying for peace/ harmony
Teaching responsible parenthood
Providing basic needs for the needy
Condemning evil practices in the society/ teaching against crime.
(1 x 8 = 8 marks)

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(b) Reasons why Christians are opposed to euthanasia.
God is the only one who gives life and thus should be the one to take it away,
Euthanasia equals to murder which is biblically condemned/Thou shall not kill;
It destroys God's image in human beings;
Human judgment is limited and therefore cannot make correct decision on terminating the life
of others;
Medical ethics only allows a doctor to sustain life and not take it away;
It is against Jesus' mission on earth to heal the sick;
Suffering is part of a Christian's life from the teachings of Jesus and therefore it cannot be used to
justify euthanasia;
The work of mercy involve saving life/not destroying it; it is a constitutional right to uphold
human life.
(6x1 =6 Marks)

(c) Ways in which Christians can help to control desertification.

Christians need to practice afforestation /reforestation programmes;
By practicing agro-forestry,
Using a l t e r n a t i v e s o u r c e s of energy a s opposed to charcoal/firewood,
Providing education to the public on how to preserve the environment,
Participating in environmental conservation programme;
Donating/giving f i n a n c i a l assistance t o bodies that control
desertification; protecting all water catchment areas;
Carrying/practicing better methods of farming;
Reporting cases of forest destruction to relevant authorities;
By participating in the enactment of laws on environmental conservation;
Providing guidance and counseling/advice to those involved in activities related to environmental
degradation,
Using alternative sources of building materials as opposed to natural vegetation.
(6x1=6 marks)

185