07 Question 𝒅𝒚

(𝒙𝟐 – 𝟏)𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 – 𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒚– (𝒙𝟐 – 𝟏)𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 = 𝟎

𝒅𝒙
Solution [Ans. 𝑦 𝑥 2 − 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐶
08 Question Find the curve such that the initial ordinate of any tangent is less than
the abscissa of the point of tangency by two units.
Solution [Ans. 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑥 − 𝑥 ℓ𝑛 𝑥 − 2
09 Question If the solution curve 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝟎 of the differential equation
𝒅𝒙
(𝟏 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒆 𝒙) 𝒅𝒚 − 𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒆 𝒙 = 𝒆𝒚 , 𝒙 > 𝟎, passes through the points (1,0)

and (𝜶, 2) then  is equal to [JEE Main 2023]

𝟐 𝟐𝒆𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(1) 𝒆𝟐𝒆 (2) 𝒆 (3) 𝒆𝒆 (4) 𝒆𝟐𝒆
Solution Ans. (4)
11 Question 𝝅
Let the solution curve 𝒙 = 𝒙(𝒚), 𝟎 < 𝒚 < 𝟐 , of the differential equation

𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒚 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒚 𝒅𝒙 − 𝟏 + 𝟑𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒚 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎

𝝅 𝟏 𝝅 𝟏
satisfy 𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟐. If 𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈 , where 𝒎 and 𝒏 are co-prime,
𝟑 𝒆 𝟔 𝒆 𝒎−𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒆 𝒏
then mn is equal to [JEE Main 2023]
Solution
Ans. 12
12 Question If the solution curve of the differential equation

𝒚 − 𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒆 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒆 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎, 𝒙 > 𝟏 passes through the points

𝟒
𝒆, 𝟑 and 𝒆𝟒 , 𝜶 , then  is equal to ____.
[JEE Main 2023]
Solution
Ans. 3
13 Question 𝒙
Let f be a differentiable function such that 𝒙𝟐 𝒇 𝒙 − 𝒙 = 𝟒 ‫𝒕𝒅 𝒕 𝒇𝒕 𝟎׬‬,
𝟐
𝒇 𝟏 = . Then 18 𝒇(𝟑) is equal to [JEE Main 2023]
𝟑

(1) 160 (2) 210 (3) 180 (4) 150

Solution Ans. (1)

14 Question Let 𝒇: (𝟎, ∞) → R be a differentiable function such that
𝒇 𝒙
𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟐 − for all 𝒙  (0,) and 𝒇(𝟏) ≠ 𝟏. Then
𝒙
[JEE Adv. 2016]
𝟏 𝟏
(1) 𝒍𝒊𝒎+ 𝒇′ =𝟏 (2) 𝒍𝒊𝒎+ 𝒙𝒇 =𝟐
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙 𝒙→𝟎 𝒙

(3) 𝒍𝒊𝒎+ 𝒙𝟐 𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟎 (4) 𝒇 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐 for all 𝒙  (0,2)

𝒙→𝟎

[Ans. (1)
Solution
Reducible to Linear Form

Type -2 : Bernoulli’s Equation

𝒅𝒚
+ 𝑷𝒚 = 𝑸. 𝒚𝒏 where 𝑷 & 𝑸 functions of 𝒙, is reducible to the
𝒅𝒙

linear form by dividing it by yn & then substituting y –n+1 = z.

15 Question 𝒅𝒚
= 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒙𝟑 𝒚𝟐
𝒅𝒙
1
Solution [Ans. = 2 − 𝑥 2 + 𝐶
𝑦
16 Question 𝒅𝒚
– 𝟐𝒚 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐱 = 𝒚𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝒙
𝒅𝒙
1 1
Solution [Ans. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 = tan3 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑦 3
 Content

✓ Exact Differential Equations

✓ Orthogonal trajectories
Exact Differential Equations

Sometimes just by inspection, a first order degree differential equation

can be written in the exact differential form which can be easily
integrated.
Following Exact Differentials Must Be Remembered

𝐢 𝒙𝒅𝒚 + 𝒚𝒅𝒙 = 𝒅 𝒙𝒚

𝒙𝒅𝒚– 𝒚𝒅𝒙 𝒚
𝐢𝐢 = 𝒅
𝒙𝟐 𝒙

𝒚𝒅𝒙– 𝒙𝒅𝒚 𝒙
𝐢𝐢𝐢 = 𝒅
𝒚𝟐 𝒚

𝒙𝒅𝒚 + 𝒚𝒅𝒙
𝐢𝐯 = 𝒅(𝓵 𝒏 𝒙 𝒚)
𝒙𝒚
Following Exact Differentials Must Be Remembered

𝒅𝒙 + 𝒅𝒚
𝐯 = 𝒅(𝓵 𝒏(𝒙 + 𝒚))
𝒙+𝒚

𝒙𝒅𝒚– 𝒚𝒅𝒙 𝒚
𝐯𝐢 = 𝒅 𝓵𝒏
𝒙𝒚 𝒙

𝒚𝒅𝒙– 𝒙𝒅𝒚 𝒙
𝐯𝐢𝐢 = 𝒅 𝓵𝒏
𝒙𝒚 𝒚
Following Exact Differentials Must Be Remembered

𝒙𝒅𝐲 − 𝒚𝒅𝒙 −𝟏
𝒚
𝐯𝐢𝐢𝐢 = 𝒅 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒙

𝒚𝒅𝒙– 𝒙𝒅𝒚 −𝟏
𝒙
𝐢𝐱 = 𝒅 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒚

𝒙𝒅𝒙 + 𝒚𝒅𝒚
𝐱 𝟐 𝟐
= 𝒅 𝓵 𝒏 𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐
𝒙 +𝒚
Following Exact Differentials Must Be Remembered

𝒙𝒅𝐲 + 𝒚𝒅𝒙 𝟏
𝐱𝐢 =𝒅 −
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝒚

𝒚𝒆𝒙𝒅𝒙– 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒚 𝒆𝒙
𝐱𝐢𝐢 =𝒅
𝒚𝟐 𝒚

𝒙𝒆𝒚𝒅𝒚– 𝒆𝒚 𝒅𝒙 𝐞𝐲
𝐱𝐢𝐢𝐢 =𝐝
𝒙𝟐 𝐱
01 Question Solution of differential equation 𝒙𝒅𝒙 + 𝒚𝒅𝒚 = 𝒙𝒅𝒚 − 𝒚𝒅𝒙 and passing
through 𝑴(𝟏, 𝟎), then it will be

Solution Ans. ℓn 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 2 tan−1

𝑦
𝑥
02 Question 𝒚 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝒙𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 (𝒙𝒚) 𝒙𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒙 + + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝒚𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 (𝒙𝒚) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 (𝒙𝒚)
Solution
Ans. tan 𝑥𝑦 − cos 𝑥 − cos 𝑦 = 𝑐
03 Question 𝒙
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒚𝒅𝒙– 𝒙𝒅𝒚 = 𝒙𝒚𝟑 𝒙𝒅𝒚 + 𝒚𝒅𝒙
𝒚
Solution 𝑥 𝑥𝑦 2
Ans. sin = +𝑐
𝑦 2
04 Question 𝒅𝒚 𝝅
If (𝟐 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 + (𝒚 + 𝟏) 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 = 𝟎 and y(0) = 1, then 𝒚 is equal to :-
𝟐

𝟒 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
(A) 𝟑 (B) 𝟑 (C) – 𝟑 (D) – 𝟑

Solution Ans. (B)

05 Question Let 𝒚 = 𝒚(𝒙) be the solution of the differential equation
𝒅𝒚 𝝅 𝝅
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒙, 𝒙 ∈ 𝟎, 𝝅 . If 𝒚 = 0, then 𝒚 is equal to :
𝒅𝒙 𝟐 𝟔

−𝟖 2 𝟖 𝟒 𝟒
(A) 𝟗  (B) – 𝟗2 (C) – 𝟗2 (D) 𝟗 𝟑2
𝟑

Solution Ans. (B)

06 Question 𝒅𝒚
The solution of the differential equation 𝟐𝒙𝟐𝒚 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙𝟐𝒚𝟐 – 𝟐 𝒙𝒚𝟐,
𝝅
given 𝒚 𝟏 = , is
𝟐

(A) 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒆𝒙+𝟏 (B) 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙

(C) 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙 = 𝟎 (D) 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒆𝒙 – 𝟏

Solution Ans. (D)
10 Question Water is drained from a vertical cylindrical tank by opening a valve at the
base of the tank. It is known that the rate at which the water level drops is
proportional to the square root of water depth 𝒚, where the constant of
proportionality 𝒌 > 𝟎 depends on the acceleration due to gravity and the
𝟏
geometry of the hole. If 𝒕 is measured in minutes and 𝒌 = , then the
𝟏𝟓
time to drain the tank if the water is 4 m deep to start with is (in min)
(A) 80 (B) 60 (C) 70 (D) 90

Solution Ans. (B)

11 Question A storage tank contains 2000 litres of gasoline which initially has 100
gms of an additive dissolved in it Gasoline containing 2 gms of additive
per litre is pumped into the tank at a rate of 40 litre/min. The well mixed
solution is pumped out at a rate of 45 litre/min. Form the DE and express
the amount of additive in gasoline as a function of t.
𝒕 𝟗
Solution Ans. 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟒𝟎𝟎 − 𝒕 − 𝟑𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝟏 −
𝟒𝟎𝟎
 Orthogonal trajectories

An orthogonal trajectory of a given system of curves is defined to be a

curve which cuts every member of a given family at right angles.
Algorithm to find orthogonal trajectories

(1) Let the given family of curves be (x, y, a) = 0, where a is a

parameter.

(2) We set up the differential equation of the given family of curves. Let
it be the form
F(x, y, y') = 0

(3) The differential equation of the orthogonal trajectories is of the

form
𝟏
𝑭 𝒙, 𝒚, − =𝟎
𝒚′
(4) The general integral of this equation
𝜱𝟏 (𝒙, 𝒚, 𝑪) = 𝟎
gives the family of orthogonal trajectories.
12 Question 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 – 𝟐𝒂𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝑐𝑥
Solution
13 Question cosy = 𝐚𝐞–𝐱
siny = ce–x
Solution
13 Question 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒(𝒙 – 𝒂)
y = ce–x/2
Solution