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Lecture Note #2 - PEC-CS701E

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20 views19 pages

Lecture Note #2 - PEC-CS701E

Uploaded by

halderriya56732
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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PEC-CS701E

Types of Machine Learning

Subhas Halder
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Types of Machine Learning
There are three types of machine learning
– Supervised learning
– Unsupervised learning
– Reinforcement learning
Supervised Learning

Consider yourself as a student sitting in


a classroom wherein your teacher is
supervising you, “how you can solve
the problem” or “whether you are
doing correctly or not”.
Likewise, in Supervised Learning input
is provided as a labelled dataset, a
model can learn from it to provide the
result of the problem easily.
Types of Problems
Classification problems
This algorithm helps to predict a discrete
value.
It can be thought, the input data as a
member of a particular class or group. For
instance, taking up the photos of the fruit
dataset, each photo has been labelled as
a mango, an apple, etc. Here, the
algorithm has to classify the new images
into any of these categories.
Examples:
• Naive Bayes Classifier
• Support Vector Machines
Types of Problems(Cont..)
Regression problems
These problems are used for continuous
data.
For example, predicting the price of a
piece of land in a city, given the area,
location, number of rooms, etc. And then
the input is sent to the machine for
calculating the price of the land
according to previous examples.
Examples-
• Linear Regression
• Nonlinear Regression
Unsupervised Learning
This learning algorithm is completely
opposite to Supervised Learning. In short,
there is no complete and clean labelled
dataset in unsupervised learning.
Unsupervised learning is self-organized
learning. Its main aim is to explore the
underlying patterns and predicts the
output. Here we basically provide the
machine with data and ask to look for
hidden features and cluster the data in a
way that makes sense.
Example
• K – Means clustering
• Neural Networks
Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement Learning
It is neither based on supervised learning nor
unsupervised learning. Moreover, here the
algorithms learn to react to an environment on
their own. It is rapidly growing and moreover
producing a variety of learning algorithms.
These algorithms are useful in the field of
Robotics, Gaming etc.
For a learning agent, there is always a start
state and an end state. However, to reach the
end state, there might be a different path.
In Reinforcement Learning
Problem an agent tries to manipulate
the environment. The agent travels from
one state to another. The agent gets
the reward(appreciation) on success but
will not receive any reward or appreciation on
Comparison Table
Supervised learning process: two steps
• Learning (training): Learn a model using the
training data
• Testing: Test the model using unseen test data
to assess the model accuracy
Number of correct classifica tions
Accuracy = ,
Total number of test cases
Difference Between Machine
Learning And Artificial Intelligence
• Artificial Intelligence is a concept of creating
intelligent machines that stimulates human
behaviour whereas Machine learning is a
subset of Artificial intelligence that allows
machine to learn from data without being
programmed.
What is the difference between AI, Machine Learning
and Deep Learning ?
Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Deep Learning

Originated in 1950s Originated in 1960s Originated in 1970s

ML is the practice of getting DL is the process of using Artificial


AI represents simulated
machines to make decisions Neural Networks to solve complex
intelligence in machine
without being programmed problems

DL is a subset of ML, AI & Data


AI is a subset of Data Science ML is a subset of AI & Data Science
Science

Aims to build machines learning Aims to build neural networks that


Aims to build machines which are
through data so that they can automatically discover patterns for
capable of thinking like humans
solve problems feature detection
How is Machine Learning related to Artificial
Intelligence?

Artificial Intelligence is a technique that enables


machines to mimic human behavior.
Whereas, Machine Learning is a subset of
Artificial Intelligence. It is the science of getting
computers to act by feeding them data and
letting them learn a few tricks on their own,
without being explicitly programmed to do so.

Therefore Machine Learning is a technique used


to implement Artificial Intelligence.
ML vs AI
What is Deep Learning?

Deep learning imitates the way our brain works i.e. it learns from
experiences. It uses the concepts of neural networks to solve complex
problems.
Advantages of Machine Learning
• Fast, Accurate, Efficient.
• Automation of most applications.
• Wide range of real life applications.
• Enhanced cyber security and spam detection.
• No human Intervention is needed.
• Handling multi dimensional data.
Disadvantages of Machine Learning
• It is very difficult to identify and rectify the
errors.
• Data Acquisition.
• Interpretation of results Requires more time
and space.
Thank you

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