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Diseases Handout

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12 views5 pages

Diseases Handout

Uploaded by

akshyta gantan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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By touch

Some diseases are spread by touch- they are contagious.


The skin disease Impetigo is an example. The bacteria that
causes it can be spread by sharing hairbrushes,
pillowcases and towels.

By Animals
Rats, mice, cockroaches and flies can all spread disease. Flies can
contaminate food with micro-organisms . one minute a fly could be
munching on a cow pat and the on your doughnut. Animals that spread
diseases are called VECTORS. Mosquitos are VECTORS that spread the
disease MALARIA and YELLOW FEVER. The mosquito sucks blood from an
infected person and the passes on the infection to the next person it feeds
on. Even dog faeces (poo) can spread a disease which blinds people, which
is why dogs should not foul areas where children play.

By breathing in droplet
When you sneeze, thousands of tiny droplets of moisture fly out of your mouth and nose at
100m.p.h. If you have a cold theses droplets contain cold viruses, which other people can
breathe in.
By Eating or Drinking
If you eat food or drink something that contains harmful microorganisms,
you can become ill. To prevent food poisoning, food should be cooked
thoroughly and then wrapped and refrigerated if it is not to be eaten
straight away.
The faeces of a person who has an infectious disease contain many
microbes. Diseases can therefore be spread if you don’t wash your hands
after going to the toilet.
In times when there is flooding or overcrowding., food and water supplies
can become contaminated and spread disease.

By Blood
Hepatitis and AIDS are serious diseases caused by viruses. These
micro-organisms are spread by infected blood. Drug addicts who
inject themselves with needles used by other people are at risk
from these diseases.

Some disease such as Rubella (German Measles) can pass


through the placenta from a pregnant woman to her growing
baby.
Cholera
What is cholera?
Cholera is an acute, diarrhoeal illness caused by infection
of the intestine by bacteria. The infection is often mild or
without symptoms, but sometimes it can be severe.
Approximately one in 20 infected persons has severe
disease characterized by profuse watery diarrhoea,
vomiting, and leg cramps. In these persons, rapid loss of
body fluids leads to dehydration and shock. Without
treatment, death can occur within hours.
How does a person get cholera?
A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating
food contaminated with the cholera bacterium. In an
epidemic, the source of the contamination is usually the
faeces of an infected person. The disease can spread
rapidly in areas with inadequate treatment of sewage
and drinking water.
Typhoid Fever
Typhoid is caused by a bacterium The Illness is usually characterized by fever, loss of
appetite, lethargy and a change in bowel habits. Constipation is common but diarrhea
can also occur. Without treatment, typhoid can be fatal, with perforation of the gut
producing severe bleeding.

How do you catch typhoid fever?


Transmission is by ingesting food and water contaminated by the typhoid bacterium.
Outbreaks have occurred when water supplies have been contaminated by raw
sewage. Raw or undercooked shellfish pose a particular risk.

Typhoid epidemic in Maidstone in 1897


Smallpox
What Is Smallpox?
Smallpox is a type of infection caused by a virus.
The last known case of naturally occurring smallpox was in
Somalia in 1977; there have been no cases since that time.
That's a good thing because smallpox infections can often be
quite serious - and sometimes fatal.
Smallpox may feel like a cold at first, with fever and general
aches. A bumpy red rash follows a day or two later, mostly
on the face, arms, and legs. The rash then blisters and
becomes filled with pus. Scabs develop and fall off within 3
or 4 weeks.
Smallpox is spread mostly through droplets of saliva that
might be released in a sneeze or a cough. It can also be
spread through clothing, sheets, and blankets used by
people with the infection.

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