.

Chapter 15 •

Circle

DEFINITION OF CIRCLE
A circle is the locus of a point which moves in a plane such that
its distance from a fixed point in plane is always a constant.
The fixed point is called the center and the constant distance is
called the radius of the circle.

EQUATION OF CIRCLE
Equation of Circle with Center (h, k)
and Radius r
The equation of circle is
(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = ? (i)
In particular, if the center is at
the origin, the equation of circle is
x2+l=?

General Equation of a Circle

The general equation of circle is Find the equation of the circle with radius 5
~ + l + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 (ii) whose center lies on thex-axis and passes through the point (2,3).
where g,J, and c are constants. Solution. Since the radius of the circle is 5 and its center lies
To find the center and radius, (ii) can be written as on the x-axis, the equation of the circle is (x - h)2 + l=
25.
It is given that the circle passes through the point (2, 3).
(x + g)2 + (y + /)2 = (~i+f2 _ c)2
Therefore,
Comparing with the equation of circle given in (i), we get
(2 - h)2 + 32 = 25
h=-g,k=-f
or =
(2 - h)2 16
and r = ~g2 + f2 - c or 2-h = ±4
Therefore, the coordinates of the center are (-g, -f) and If 2 - h = 4, then h = -2.
If 2 - h = -4, then h = 6.
radius is ~g2 + f2 - c, (g2 + f2 ~ c).
Therefore, the equation of circle is (x + 2)2 + l= 25 or (x - 6i
+l=25.
l
Hence, ~ + + 4x - 21 = 0 or ~ + l- =
12x + 11 O.

= =
If the lines x + y 6 and x + 2y 4 are
diameters of the circle which passes through the point (2, 6),
then find its equation.
Solution. Here center will be the point of intersection of the
diameters, i.e., C(8, -,-2).
Also, the circle passes through the point P(2, 6). Then radius
is CP= 10.
Hence, the required equation is
(x - 8)2 + (y + 2)2 = 102
or ~+ l-16x+ 4y-32 =0
15.2 Mathematics
..... ...
........................ , "

Find the equation of the circle having - jO+2-11 __ 1

CM
radius 5 and which touches line 3x + 4y -11 == 0 at point (1, 2). - -12 --12
Solution.
Chord length == AB == lAM

=2~4-l = JI
.
sm a= --
17
-12.2
As shown in the diagram, the circle touches line 3x +4y - 11
_i&llI A variable chord is drawn through the
== 0 at pointA(l, 2).
origin to the circle ~ + l - 2ax = O. Find the locus of the
Therefore, the center lies on the line perpendicular to the
tangent at A at distance 5 from it. center of the circle drawn on this chord as diameter.
The slope of the given tangent is -3/4 . SOIUtiOll.
Therefore, the slope of the line on which the center lies is
y
3/4 == tan 8.
Therefore, the coordinates of the center are
C== (1±5cos8, 2±5sin8)

= (1±5 i, 2±5~)·
- 5 5
Hence, C == (5, 5) or C ==(-3, -1). Therefore, the equation of
the circle is
(x - 5)2 + (y - 5)2 == 25 or (x +3)2 + (y + 1)2 == 25

The line 2x - y + I = 0, is tangent to the

circle at the point (2, 5) and the center of the circle lies on
x -2y = 4. Then find the radius of the circle.
Since point: P is the midpoint of chord QQ, Q has coordinates
Solution. Center lies on x - 2y == 4. (2h, 2k), which lies on the given circle. Therefore,
Let the center be C(4 + 2t, t). Now,
(2h)2 + (2k)2 - 2a(2h) = 0 or x2 + l- ax == 0
Radius, r = Distance of C from the tangent

= 18+4Fst+11 == 13~~91 Equation of a Circle Passing through Given

Three Points
Also, r= ~(4+2t-2)2+(t-5)2 = ~(2+2t)2+(t-5)2 The general equation of circle, i.e., x2 + l + 2gx + 2fy + C
== 0, contains three independent constants g, f, and c. Hence,
9 for determining the equation of a circle, three conditions are
.. I 37s 1 == ~(2+2t)2 +(t-5)2
required.
or =
9r + 54t + 81 5(5r - 2t + 29)
Let the equation of the circle be
or 16r - 64t + 64 = 0
xl + l + 2gx + 2fy + c == 0 (i)
or (t - 2)2 == 0
or t== 2 If three points (Xl' YI)' (x2' Y2)' and (x3' h) lie on the circle
Therefore, the center is C(8, 2). (i), their coordinates must satisfy its equation, Hence, solving
equations
Hence, the radius is .J4s = 3J5.
xf+ YT + 2gxI
+ 2fyl +c = 0 (ii)
Find the length of the chord x + 4y 2
l- xi + yi + 2gx2 + 2fy2 + C = 0 (iii)
= 0 along the . =
x + y 1. Also find the angle that the chord x~ + y~ + 2gx3 + 2fy3 + c = 0 (iv)
subtends at the circumference of the larger segment.
the values of g,f, and c are obtained.
Solution. The given circle is P
~+l-4y=0
or ~ + (y - 2)2 = 4
The given line is x + Y = 1.
The distance of the center of the
circle from the line is
Circle 15.3 .
........................................................................................................................................•................................................................•....•................................................................................................................. "

Find the equation of the circle which

Find the equation of the circle which passes
passes through the points (1, -2), (4, -3) and whose center lies
through (1, 0) and (0, 1) and has its radius as small as possible.
on the line 3x + 4y 7. =
Solution. The radius will be minimum if the given points are
Solution. Let the equation of the circle be
the endpoints of a diameter.
~ + 1+ 2gx + 2/y + c =0 (i) Then, the equation of the circle is
If (i) passes through the points (1, -2) and (4, -3), then (x - l)(x - 0) + (y - O)(y - 1) =0
5 + 2g - 4/ + c =0 (ii)
or ~+l-x-y=o
and 25 + 8g - 6/ + c 0 = (iii)
Since the center (-g, -f) lies on the line 3x + 4y = 7, we have If the abscissa and ordinates of two points
-3g - 4f 7 = (iv) P and Q are the roots of the equations ~ + 2ax - b2 0 and =
Solving (ii), (iii), and (iv), we get =
~ + 2px - q2 0, respectively, then find the equation of the
47 3 11 circle with PQ as diameter.
g =-15./=5' and c =3
Solution. Letx"x2 andYI'Y2 be the roots of ~ + 2ax- b2 0 and =
Substituting in (i), the equation of the circle is ~ + 2px - q2 = 0, respectively. Then,
15~+ 151- 94x + 18y + 55= 0 Xl + x2 = -2a, x,x2 = ~b2

Equation of Circle Passing through Given Two and Yl + Y2 = -2p, Y'Y2 = _q2
Points and Subtending Angle 0 at the
The equation of the circle with P(xl' YD and Q(x2' Y2) as the
endpoints of diameter is
Circumference (x - x,)(x - x2) + (y - y,)(y - Y2) = 0
The equation of the circle is the or ~ + l-x(x, +x2) ~ y(y, + Y2) +x,x2 + y,Y2 = 0
locus of point P such that LAPB or ~+l+2ax+2py-b2_l=0
= (J. Therefore,

y- y,_y- Y2 Find the equations of the circles which

pass through the origin and cut off chords of length a from
P(X,y)
each of the lines Y x and y -x. = =
Solution.

(Y- y,)(x- x2)-(x-x,)(y- Y2) = ±tan(J y

(x-x,)(x-x2)+(Y- Y,)(Y- Y2) " y=X

y=~X:'
or (x-x,)(x-X2)+(Y- y,)(Y- Y2) q. :..
=±cot(J[(y- y,)(x-x2)-(x-x,)(Y- Y2)]

Equation of Circle on a Given Diameter .:

When chord AB is diameter, LAPB (J 900• = =
Therefore, the equation of the circle is "·"D
(x - xl)(x - x2) + (y - y,)(y - Y2) 0 = .:

Find the equation of the circle if the chord y

of the circle joining (1, 2) and (-3,1) subtends 900 atthe center
The coordinates of point A are (al...f2, al...(2),
of the circle.
Solution. The chord joining points A(1, 2) and B(-3, 1) and the coordinates of point B are' ( -!ft' - -!ft).
subtends 90 at the center of the circle. Then AB subtends
0

an angle 450 at point C on the circumference. Therefore, the Now, from the geometry, A and B are the endpoints of
equation of the circle is the diameter of the circle.
(x -lXx+3)+(y- 2)(y-l) Then, the equation of the circle is

= ±cot45°[(y- 2)(x+ 3)-(x-l)(y-l)]

(x - -!ft)(x - -!ft) + (y - -:?t)(y + -:?t) = 0
or ~ + 1+ 2x-3y-l = ±[4y-x-7]
or ~ + y2 + 3x - 7y + 6 = 0 and ~ + 1+ x + y - 8 = 0
15.4 Mathematics

Similarly, the circle with C and D as the endpoints of INTERCEPTSMADE ON THEAXES BY A CIRCLE
diameter is Xl + 1+
12ax = O.
From the diagram, PM == If I and PN y
With similar arguments, circles with A and C and Band
==Igl.
D as the endpoints of diameter are given by
Xl + I ± 12ay = 0 Also, AP= CP, radius == ~g2 + f2 - c.
Therefore,
Equation of Circle in Parametric Form
AB == 2AM == 2~AP2 - PM2
y
= 2~(g2+ f2-c)- f2 =2~i-c

Similarly, CD == 2~

.--4-0 -------------------------+ x

The parametric coordinates of any point on the circle (x - h)2

EQUATION OF CIRCLE WITH TYPICAL
+ (y - k)2 = ? are given by (h + r cos 8, k + r sin 8), where 8 is
the parameter, (0 ::;8::; 2n). From the above firure, CONDITIONS
QM x=li . PM y-k When the circle passes through the origin (0, 0) and has
cos 8 == PQ == -r- and sm 8 = PQ = -r- intercepts a and [j 011 the x- and the j-axis, respectively
we get x = h + r cos 8 and y == k + r sin 8 y
In particular, the coordinates of any point on the circle
l
x2 + == ? are (r cos 8, r sin 8), (0::; 8 < 2n).
The parametric coordinates of any point on the circle

Xl + l + 2gx + 2fy + c == 0 are x == -g + ~ g2 + 12 - C cos 8

andy=-f+ ~i+/2-c sin8,(0::;8<2n).

Find the parametric form of the equation Clearly, A and B are the endpoints
of the circle Xl + l + px + py == O. of diameter.
Hence, the equation of the circle is
Solution. The equation of the circle can be rewritten in the
(x- a)(x- 0) + (y- O)(y- [j) = 0
form
or x2 + i-ax - [jy = 0
P)2 ( P)2 p2
( x+"2 + y+"2 =2 When the circle touches the x-axis
Therefore, the parametric form of the equation of the given y
circle is

x
p
= - "2 +
p
-Ii cos 8 t·
== ~( -1 + -Ii cos 8) .
~
f3

0 M
x
p p . 8
and Y=-"2+ -Ii sm

=~( -1 + -Ii sin 8)

Equation of circle is
where 0::; 8< 2n.
(x - a)2 + (y _ [j)2 = [j2
Circle 15.5

When the circle touches the y-axis are (a, a) and the radius is a, where a > O. Since 4x + 3y
y - 6 = 0 touches the circle, we have
7a-6
--====+a
~16 +9 -
or 7a-6 =±5a
I
or a= 3'2
Since (0, 0) and (112, 112) lie on the same side of the line
Equation of circle is
4x + 3y = 6, whereas (0, 0) and (3, 3) lie on the opposite side
(x - a)2 + (y - /1)2 = a2
of the line, for the required circle, a = 112. Hence, the equation
When the circle touches both the axes of the required circle is
y

A circle touches the y-axis at the point

(0, 4) and cuts the x-axis in a chord of length 6 units. Then find
Equation of circle is the radius of the circle.
(x - a)2 + (y - a)2 == a2 Solution. 0' is the center. From the figure,
When the circle touches the x-axis at (a, 0) and cuts off
Radius (r) = ~42 +32 = 5.
intercept on the y-axis of length 21
y Y

FAMILY OF CIRCLES
(a) The equation of the family
From the figure, [3 = ~. of circles passing through
Hence, the equation of the circle is (x - a)2 + (y - /1)2 = [32. the point of intersection of
When the circle touches the y-axis at two given circles S =°
and
(0, fJ) and cuts off intercept on the x-axis
y °
S' = is given as
S+A.S'=O
of length 2k
where A is a parameter, A;f. -1.
From the figure, a = ~[J + k?-. (b) The equation of the
family of circles
Hence, the equation of the circle is
passing through the
(x - a)2 + (y - /1)2 = a2
point of intersection

15.13 Find the equation of the circle which

of a circle S = °
and a
s=o " .... _.····S+;.L =0
IbLUSTRAllON
=
line L 0 is given as L=O
touches both the axes and the straight line 4x + 3y = 6 in the
S+AL=O
first quadrant and lies below it. Y
where A is a parameter.
Solution. Since the circle touches (c) The equation of the family of circles passing through two
both the axes and the straight line
given points P(Xj, Yj) and Q(X2' Y2) can be written in the
4x + 3y = 6 in the first quadrant,
the coordinates of its center
~~--~--~~-+X
form I
x Y 11
(x - Xj)(x - x2) + (y - Yj)(Y - Yz) + A. Xl YI 1 = °
x2 Yz 1
 Mathematics

or8+AL=0 PB = CB + PC = r + PC
where A is a parameter. and PA = ICP -- CAI = IPC - rl
Here, 8 = 0 is the equation of (P inside or outside)
the circle, with P and Q as the
endpoints of diameter, and L where r = ~g2 +f2 - C

= 0 is a line through points P

andQ.
(d) The equation of the family of circles which touch
=
Y - Yl m (x - Xl) at (Xl' Yl) for any finite m is
(x - xl)2 + (y - Yl)2 + A{ (y - YI) - m(x - Xl)} =0 Find the points on the circle ~ + l- 2x
If m is infinite, the family of circles is + 4y- 20 = 0 which are farthest and nearest to the point (-5,6).
(x - Xl)2 + (y - Yl)2 + A{x - Xl) =0 Solution. The given circle is
where A is a parameter. ~ +l-2x+4y-20 =0
Here, (x - Xl)2 + (y - Yl)2 = 0 is a point circle at point The center of the circle is q1, -2)
(Xl' Yl)' and the radius is r = 5.
Here, point P(-5, 6) lies outside the
! . Find the minimum area of the circle circle. Now,
which passes through the common points of family of circles 6-(-2)
l
~ + + Ax - 4y + 3 = 0 (A E R). Slope of CP = -5-1
= -- 43 = tan e (say)
Solution. Given family of circles is
Points A and B lie at distance of 5 units from the center C.
~ + l + Ax - 4y + 3 = 0
Now, points at distance 5 units from C on the line CP are
or ~ + l- 4y + 3 + Ax = 0
Common points on circle are points of intersection of X = 0 and (l ±5cosf), -2 ± 5sinf)
~ + l-4y + 3 = O.
So, common points are A(O, 1) and B(O, 3).
Smallest circle has AB as diameter.
Therefore, smallest circle has radius '1'.
Hence, its area is 1l sq. units. or (1+3, -2±4)
or (-2,2), (4, -6)
POSITION OF A POINT WITH RESPECTTO A Clearly, point A(-2, 2) is nearest to P and B(4, -6) is farthest
CIRCLE fromP.
Let the circle be Alternative method:
~ + l + 2gx + 2fy + c = O. CP= 10
Point P lies outside, on, or inside Now, point A divides CP in ratio
the circle accordingly as CP is
greater than, equal to, or less than AP = CP-AC 10-5 =1
the radius, respectively, i.e., AC AC 5

~(Xl + g)2 + (Yl + fP >, =, < ~g2 + f2 - C

Therefore, the coordinates of A are

or 81 =x>y~+2gXl +2fyl +c >,=,<0 (-5 2

+1,6;2)=(_2,2)

Maximum and Minimum Distance of a Also, C is the midpoint of AB. Hence, the coordinates of Bare
Point from the Circle (4, -6).

Let any point P = (Xl' Yl) and a circle ~ + l + 2gx + 2fy + c

=0.
The center and radius of the circle are
(-g, -f) and -(g2 + f2 - c, respectively.·
(2jP(XI'P
Y1)

The maximum and minimum C(-g, f)

distance from P(xI' YI) to the circle, B

respectively, are
Circle 15.7 .
............................. , ., ,

B2_4AC=0

or a - ----;=:====lei
- ~1 +m2
= Length of 1..from (0, 0) to (y = mx + e)
Thus, a line touches the circle if the radius of the circle is equal
to the length of perpendicular from the center of the circle to
the line.

Case III. When line doesn't intersect the circle: In this case,
(iii) has imaginary roots. Therefore,
B2_4AC<0
2
or a2<_e_
1 +m2

or a « lei
~1+m2
< Length of 1.. from (0, 0) to (y = mx + e)
Thus, a line does not intersect a circle if the radius of the circle
is less than the length of perpendicular from the center of the
circle to the line.

SEGMENTS Of SECANTS, CHORDS, AND

TANGENTS
A

INTERSECTION Of A LINE AND A CIRCLE

Let the equation of the circle be
x2+l= a2 (i) (a) (b)
and the equation of the line be Secants AB and CD intersect inside the circle in Fig. (a) and
y=mx+e (ii) outside the circlein Fig. (b).
Solving (i) and (ii), we get From the figure, we have
x2 + (mx + e)2 = a2 LDCB=LDAB
or (1 + m2).i2 + 2mex + e2_a2 =° (iii)
and LADC = LABC
Hence, MDE - ACBE
Case I. When the points of intersection are real and
AE DE
distinct: In this case, (iii) has two distinct roots. Therefore, -=-
CE BE
B2 -4,1C> 0
or AExBE= CExDE
or

or

or a r"=
lei
~(J +m2)
> Length of L from (0, 0) to (y mx + e) =
Thus, a line intersects a given circle at two distinct points if the (c)
radius of the circle is greater than the length of perpendicular
from the center of the circle to the line. In Fig. (c), AD is secant and AB is tangent. Therefore,
MBD-MCB
Case II. When the points of intersection are coincident: In
this case, (iii) has two equal roots. Therefore, AB AD
-=- or AsZ=ACxAD
AC AB
15.8 Mathematics

Find the range of values of m for which CP is perpendicular to the tangent at P. Therefore,
=
the line Y mx + 2 cuts the circle :x? + l=
1 at distinct or Yl +f
coincident points. Slope of CP = xl + g

Solution. The length of the perpendicular from the center (0, Xl +g

0) to the line is 2/.Jl + m2 •
Slope of tangent =- YI + f

The radius of the circle is 1. . Xl +g

Y - YI = - YI + f (X - Xl)
For the line to cut the circle at distinct or coincident points,
2!.Jl + m2 ~ 1 or 1 + m2 ~ 4 or m2 ~ 3. or XXI + YYI + g(x + Xl) + fey + YI) +·c
=x?+y?+2gxI +2fyl +C

°= If the lines alx + bly + CI = 0 and a2x + b2Y

+ c2 = cut the coordinate axes at concyclic points, then prove
or XXI+ YYI + g(x + Xl) + fey + YI) + C = °
[Since point (Xl' YI) lies on the circle]
that lal~1 Iblb2i.
or T=O
Solution. Let the given lines be
°
LI == alx + bly + ci = and ~ ==
a2x + b2Y + c2 = O. Suppose LI
where T= xxI + YYI + g(x + Xl) + fey + YI) + C

meets the coordinate axes at P x

and Q and ~ meets at R and S. X'
Then, the coordinates of P, Q, R,
andS are

p( - ~: ' 0), Q( 0, - ~:)

R( - ~~ , 0), and S( 0, - ~~)
Since P, Q, R, are S are concyclic, we have
OP·OR = OQ·OS

Slope Form
=
Let Y mx + C be the tangent of the circle :x? + l
= a2• Then
the length of the perpendicular from the center of the circle
=
(0, 0) on the line Y mx + C is equal to the radius of the circle.
TANGENT TO A CIRCLE Therefore,
Let PQ be a chord and AB be a secant A
[c]
passing through P. -=====-a
Let P be the fixed point and Q A
~1+m2 -
move along the circle towards P. Then
the secant PQ turns about P. When
or c = ± a~l + m2
Q is very close to P the secant AB be- Substituting this value of c in Y = mx + c, we get Y = mx
comes a tangent to a circle at point P.
± a~ 1 + m2, which are the equations of tangents having slope
Different Forms of the Equations of Tangents
'm'.
Point Form Corollary: It also follows that Y = mx + c is a tangent to
We have to find the equation of the tangent to the circle X2 +l :x? +l=a2if c2= a2(1 +m2), which is the condition of tangency.
+ 2gx + 2fy + C = ° at the point P(xl, YI) on it.

C (-g,-j)
Circle
.................................... , , - .. 15.9
,

Points of Contact Equation of Director Circle

P(h, k)
Let the point of contact be (xI' YI)' Then the tangent at (xI' YI) From the figure, CRPQ is a square.
of';? + l = a2 is xxI + YYI = a2. Therefore, , '

Since XXI + YYl = a2 and Y ::;:mx ± a~ 1 + m2 are identical, we get CQ = CP cos 45°
xI YI +a2
or 2a2 = h + k?-
2

m ==1= ±a~1+m2
or .;? + l = 2a 2

which is the required locus.

am
or
XI =± ~1 +m2

a
and YI=+ r=:
'\j1+m2
Thus, the coordinates of the points of contact are

[+ ~(l:mm2)'+ ~(l:m2)l
Find the equations of the tangents ,to the ! ,

circle x' + r-
6x + 4y = 12 which are parallel to the straight
line 4x + 3y + 5 = O.
Solution. Let the equation of tangent be 4x + 3y + k = O. Then
Radius = Distance of center from the line

or
I
-v9+4+12=
14(3) +~ 3(-2) + kl
-v16+9
Tangents from a Point Outside the Circle or 6 + k=±25
Consider the circle r' + l = a2 (i) or k = 19 and -31
The tangent to the circle having slope m is Hence, the tangents are 4x + 3y + 19 = 0 and 4x + 3y - 31 = 0.'
Y = mx + a~(1 + m2) (ii)
Find the equation of the tangent at the
If a point outside the circle is (Xl' Yr), then
endpoints of the diameter of circle (x - a)2 + (y - b)2 = ? which
YI =mxl +a~l +m2 is inclined at an angle () with the positive x-axis.
or (YI - mxl)2 = a2(l + m2) Solution. Diameter makes an angle () with the x-axis.
or Therefore,
Slope of diameter AB = tan ()
or
.. Slope of tangents at A and B = -cot ()
which is quadratic in m with two values of m. The equation of the tangent having slope -cot ()is
Substituting these values of m in (ii), we get the equation of
Y - b = -cot (}(x - a) ± r~1+cot2(}
tangents.

Equation of Pair of Tangents

or cos e (x - a) + sin () (y - b) = ±r

Equation of pair of tangents from point P(XI' YI) to circle.r' + l The tangent to the circle x2 + = 5 at l
+ 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is (.;? + + 2gx + 2fy + c)(xf + l
+ 2gxI yf (1, -2) also touches the circle x2 + l- 8x + 6y + 20 = O. Find
+2fyl + c) = (XXI + YYI + g(x + XI) + (y + YI)! + c)2 or SSI = T2, the coordinates of the corresponding point of contact.
where S =.;? + l + 2gx + 2fy + c, SI =xf + Yf + 2gxI + 2fyl + c, Solution. The equation of tangent to.;? + i
= 5 at (1, -2) is
and T = XXI + YYI + g(x + XI) + (y + YI)! + c. x- 2y-5 = O.
Putting X = 2y + 5 in the equation of second circle, we get
DIRECTOR CIRCLE (2y + 5)2 + l- 8(2y + 5) + 6y + 20 = 0

The locus of the point of intersection of two perpendicular or 5l + lOy + 5 0 =

tangents to a given circle is known as its director circle. or y =-1
or X= -2 + 5 3 =
Thus, the point of contact is (3, -1).
15.10 Mathematics

A pair of tangents are drawn from the I Find the locus of the point of intersection
origin to the circle x2 + ; + 20(x + y) + 20 == O. Then find its of the tangents to the circle x2 + ; =a2 at points whose
equations. parametric angles differ by n/3.
Solution. The equation of the pair of tangents is given by Solution. Let the parametric angles of two points P and Q on
SSl = T2. the circle :2 +; e
= c? be 8 and Td3 + respectively.
Here, S = x2 + l + 20(x + y) + 2'\ S1 = 20
Then, the two points are P( a cos e,
T = lO(x + y) + 20 a sin 8) and Q(a cos(n/3 + 8),
.. SSl = T2 a sin(nl3 + 8».
or 20{r +; + 20(x + y) + 2)} = 102(x + Y + 2)2 In the figure, LPOQ = nl3 and
or 2x2 + 2; + 5xy = 0 LPOR = n/6.

The tangent at any point P on the circle In AOPR,

r +; = 4 meets the coordinate axes atA and B.Then find the OP = OR cas 30°
locus of the midpoint of AB.
or a == ~ h2 + k? ~
Solution. Let P(xl' YI) be a point on r + l = 4.
Then, the equation of the tangent at P is xx! + YY! = 4 which Therefore, the locus of R(h, k) is 3(r + y2) == 4a2.
meets the coordinates axes atA(41x1, 0) and B(O,4IYI)'
Let (h, k) be the midpoint of AB. LENGTH OF THE TANGENT FROM A p,OINT TO
2 2· 2 2
Then, h = Xl' k = YI' i.e., Xl = Ii: YI = K A CIRCLE
But (xdO'J) lies on r + l= 4. Letthe circle ber + l + 2gx + 2fy + C= O. Then the center and the
Theref~e, ~2 + P. = 1 radius of the circle are (-g, -f) and
. .<
~(l+f2 - c), respectively.
Let P(Xl' Yl) be any point outside the circle.
or 4(x2 + l) = rl, which is required equation of locus.

The tangents to x2 + l = a2 having

inclinations a and f3 intersect at P. If cot a + cot f3 = 0, then
find the locus of P.
Solution. Let the coordinates of P be (h, k). Let the equation
of a tangent from P(h, k) to the circle x2 + l = a2 be
In MCT,
Y = mx + a ~ 1 + m2
PT= ~(PC)2 - (CTP
Since Pth, k) lies on Y = mx + a~ 1 + m2, we have
= ~(XI + g)2 + (YI + f)2 -l-l +c
k = mh + a~ 1+ m2
or (k - mh)2 = a2(l + m2) = ~x> y> 2gxI + 2fYl + C

or m2(h2 - a2) - 2mkh + k? ~ a2 :::0 =~

This is a quadratic in m. Let the two roots be ml and m2• Then,
where sl=xf + Yf + 2gxl + 2fYl + c
2hk
ml +m2= -h2 2
-a
But tan a = ml, tan f3 = mz, and it is given that cot a + cot f3 = o. The lengths of the tangents from PC 1,-1)
.Therefore, and Q(3, 3) to a circle are J2
and Ji>, respectively. Then,
1 1 find the length of the tangent from R(-l, -5) to the same circle.
ml + m2 =0
Solution. Let the circle be x2 + i + 2gx + 2 fY + c = O.
or ml +m2 =0
Let the tangents from points P, Q, R touch the circle atA, B, C,
or 2hk -0 respectively. According to question,
h2 ~a2 -
PA2==2
or hk=O
or 1+1 + 2g - 2f + c = 2
Hence, the locus of (h, k) is xy = O. or 2g - 2f + c =0 (i)
Circle 15.11

and PB2=6
Find the equation of
or 9+9+6g+6f +c= 6
the normal to the circle X2 + 1-2x = 0 parallel to the line
or 6g+6/+c=-12 (ii) x+2y=3.
From (i) and (ii), . Solution. Any line parallel to X + 2y =
3 is X + 2y + .It, =: O. For
c c this to be a normal to the given circle, it must pass through its
g= -1- ,/=-1+"6
3 =
center (1, 0), i.e., .It, -1.

Now, RC2= 1+25-2g-l0f +c

So, normal is x + 2y - 1 O.=
2c 5c
= 26+2+-+l0--+c
3 3
CHORD OF CONTACT
=38 From any external point
A(xl, YI)' draw a pair- of
RC = 58 tangents AP and AQ touching
the circle at P(x', Y') and Q(x",
NORMAL TO A CIRCLE AT A GIVEN POINT y"), respectively. Then PQ is
The normal of a circle at any point is a straight line which is the chord of contact with P
perpendicular to the tangent at the point of contact. Normal and Q as its points of contact. (x", y")
always passes through the center of the circle. Let the circle be x2 + .; cl=
Then the equations of tangents AP and AQ are xx' + YY' a2 =
Point Form =
and xx" + yy" a2, respectively.
We have to find the equation of T Since both the tangents AP and AQ pass through A(xl, YI)'
1 , ,2d" ,,2
normal to the circle :x? + + 2gx + XIX + YIY = a an XIX + YIY a =
=
2fy + C 0 at the point (XI' YI) on it. Points P(x', y'}and Q(x", y") lie on XXI + YYI = a2• Therefore,
Since normal passes through the the equation of the chord of contact PQ is
2
XXI + YYI =a
center, we have
or T= 0, where T= XXI + YYl - a2
YI +/
Slope of normal CP = Xl +g

Hence, the equation of normal is

YI +/
Y- YI = XI + ix- XI)

X-XI Y-YI
or
XI +g = YI +/ If the straight line X - 2y + 1 = 0 intersects
=
the circle.r' + 1 25 at points P and Q, then find the coordinates
of the point of intersection of the tangents drawn at P and Q to
Find the equations of the normals to the
=
the circle r' + 1 25.
circlex' + 1- 8x - 2y + 12 = 0 at the points whose ordinate
Solution. Let R( h, k) be the point of intersection of the tangents
is -l.
drawn at P and Q to the given circle. Then PQ is the chord of
Solution. The abscissa of a point is found by substituting the the contact of tangents drawn from R to :x? + 1= 25.
ordinates and solving for abscissa. Therefore, So; its equation is
x2 - 8x + 15= 0 hx+ky-25=0
i.e., X 5 or 3= It is given that the equation of PQ is
Therefore, the points are (5, -1) and (3, -1).
Normal is given by x- 2y + 1 =0 (ii)

x-5 Y+ 1 Since (i) and (ii) represent the same

5-4=-1~1 line, we have
or 2x+y-9=0 h k -25
T= -2 =-1-
x-3 y+l
and 3-4=-1-1 or h = -25, k = 50
or 2x-y-7=0 Hence, the required point is (-25,50).
15.12 Mathematics

Tangents are drawn to Xl + 1 from l=

any arbitrary point P on the line 2x + y - 4 O. The =
corresponding chord of contact passes through a fixed point.
Find that point.
Solution. Let any point on the line 2x + y - 4 = 0 be
P == (a, 4 - 2a).
The equation of the chord of
contact of the circle x2 + = 1 l , ,,2x+y-4=O
with respect to point P is
x·a+y·(4-2a)= 1
or (4y-l)+a(x - 2y) = 0
This line always passes through
the point of intersection of the
lines 4y - 1 =: 0 and x -2y = 0
which is a fixed point having
coordinates y = 114 and x = 2y =: 112.

EQUATION OF THE CHORD BISECTED AT A

GIVEN POINT
Let any chord AB of the circle x2+ l + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 be
bisected at
tx», y,). Then
YI +f
Slope of DC =: x +,;
I b

Xl +g
.. Slope of chord AB =: - YI + f
B
Then the equation of AB is
Xl +g
Y - YI = - Yl + f (x - Xl)

or XX, + YYI + g(x + Xl) + f (y + y,) + C

=:xr+Yt+2gXI +2fyl +c
or T= Sl DIFFERENT CASES OF TWO CIRCLES
where T =: xXI + YYI + g(x + Xl) + f (y + YI) + C
Let the two circles be
and S I =: xl + Yl + 2gxI + 2fyl + C (x - xlP + (y - YI)2 = r: (i)
and (x - X2)2 + (y - Y2)2 = r; (ii)
with centers CI(xI, YI) and C2(X2' Y2) and radii rl and rz,
respectively. Then the following cases may arise:
Case I:
When ICI Czl > rl + r2' i.e., the distance between the centers
is greater than the sum of radii, then the two circles neither
Find the equation of the chord of the
intersect nor touch each other .
circle X2 + y2 = 9 whose middle point is (1, -2).
Solution. The required equation is
X -2y - 9 = 1 + 4 - 9 [Using S' = 11
or x- 2y- 5 = 0
 Circle 15.13

In this case, four common tangents can be drawn to two In this case, two direct common tangents are real and
circles, in which two are direct common tangents and the other distinct while the transverse tangents are imaginary.
two are transverse common tangents. Here, also, point D divides C1 C2 externally, i.e.,
From Figure, I1CjMT and I1C2NT are similar. Hence,
c.o rl
C1T C1M r1
C2D = r2
C2T= efl = r2
Case IV:
Using this, we can find coordinates of point T.
Similarly, I1C1PD and C2QD are similar. Hence,
When IC1C21 =Irl - r21,
+-- Tangent at the
i.e., the distance between
point of contact
C1D C1P r1 the centers is equal to the
C2D = C2Q = r2 difference of the radii,
To find equations of common tangents, consider the equation then the two circles touch
l
of tangent to circle X2 + + 2gx + 2fy + c 0, having slop m. = internally.
2 In this case, there is
(y + f) = m(x + g) + a~(1 + m )
only one common tangent.
. where a is the radius of the circle. If the circles are represented by S1 = 0 and S2 = 0, then the
T and D will satisfy above equation. Thus, m is obtained.
equation of the common tangent is S1 - S2 = O.
We can find the equation of common tangents if we substitute
the values of m in above equation. In such cases, the point of contact T divides the line joining
C1 and C2 externally in the ratio rl : r2, i.e.,
Case II:
When IC1C21 = r1 + r2' i.e., the distance between the centers is C1T rl
equal to the sum of radii, then the two circles touch externally. C2T= r2
Then the coordinates of T are
rlx2 - rzXI , r1Y2 - rlYI )
( rl r2 rl r2

Case V:
When IC1C21 < I rl - r21, i.e., the distance between the centers
tangents is less than the difference of the radii, then all the four common
tangents are imaginary.
In this case, two direct common tangents are real and
distinct while the transverse tangents are coincident.
In such cases, the point of contact T divides the line joining
C1 and C2 internally in the ratio rl : r2, i.e.,
C1T rl
C2l r2
Then the coordinates of Tare
rlx2 + r2x1 , rlY2 + rlY1 )
( rl + rz rl + rz Length of an External Common Tangent and
The equation of tangent at point Tis S1 - S2 = 0, where Internal Common Tangent to Two Circles
S 1 =: 0 and S2 = 0 are the equations of the circles.
Case lIT: Lox
When Irl - r21 < IC1CzI < rl + r2' i.e., the distance between
the centers is less than the sum of radii, then the two circles rl r.
intersect at two distinct points.

• .r ' Lin
15.14 Mathematics

The length of external common tangent, Lex = ~d2 - (rl - r2)2 Coordinates of the point of contact:
and the length of internal common tangent, If P is the point of contact of the
two circles, then P will divide
Lin = ~d2 - v. + r2)2 [Applicable only when d > (rl + r2)]
C1C2 internally in the ratio
where d is the distance between the centers of two circles, rl '1 : r2, i.e., 7 : 6. Therefore,
and '2 are the radii of the two circles, and IC1C21 ::: d. coordinates of P are

Find the number of common tangents to 7X(-7)+6XS 7X3+6X(-2))or (-19 ~)

(
the circles :l- + l + 2x + 8y - 23 :::0 and ~ + l- 4x - lOy + 7 + 6' 7+6 13 '13
9=0. Equation of the common tangent:
Solution. For x2 + l + 2x + 8y - 23 :::0,
Since the two circles touch each other, S1 - S2 = 0 is the
common tangent at the point of contact which is -24x + lOy -
C1== (-1, -4)"1 = 2-{fO =
42 0 or 12x - Sy + 21 O. =
For ~ + y2 - 4x - lOy + 9 = 0,
C2 == (2, 5), '2 = 2{5 If the circle ~ + l = 1 is completely
Now C1C2 = Distance between centers contained in the circle ~ + l + 4x + 3y + k = 0, then find the
values of k.
= --.19 + 81 = 3-vm = 9.486
Solution. The given circles are
and r1 +'2::: 2( -vm + {5) = 10.6 ~+i:::l (i)
'1 - '2 :::2{5 ( ..,f2 - 1) and l
~ + + 4x + 3y + k =0 (ii)
:::2 x 2.2 x 0.4 Cl(O, 0); rl 1 =

or
:::4.4 x 0.4::: 1.76
r1-r2<C1C2<rl+r2
C {-2,-%} ~4+~-k = ~2:_k
2 ri=

Hence, the two circles intersect at two distinct points. Circle (ii) is completely contained by circle (i). Therefore,
Therefore, two common tangents can be drawn.
C1C2<'2-rl

Find the equation of a circle with center

or ~ < ~25 ~k -1
(4,3) touching the circle ~ + = 1.
y2 2 4
Solution. The given circle is :l- + i = 1, which has center
Cl(0,0)andradiusrl=1.TherequiredcirclehascenterC2(4,3)and
or ~>2 2
radius '2'
If the circles are touching externally, then
or 25 -k > 49
r1 + '2= C1C2 4 4
or '2::: 5 -1::: 4 or k<-6
If the circles are touching internally, then
Angle of Intersection of Two Circles
'2-'1 =CC 1 2
The acute angle between two circles having radii '1 and r2 is
or '2::: 6
2
Thus, the required circles are (J ::: cos-1 Ir? + rl - d 1' where d = distance between the
2rlr2
(x - 4)2 + (y - 3)2 ::: 16 centres
or (x - 4)2 + (y - 3)2 = 36 If the angle between the circles is 900, i.e., (J= 90°, then the
circles are said to be orthogonal circles. Hence, + r~- d2 ::: ri
Show that the circles ~ + i-lOx + 4y - =
o or r? + ,~ d2• Particularly, when circles ~ + y2 + 2g1x + 2ilY
=
+ 14x - 6y + 22 0 touch each other. Find = l
+ c 0 and ~ + + 2g:z:t + 2i2Y + c 0 intersect orthogonally, =
the coordinates of the point of contact and the equation of the then 2gg1 + 2ifl C + Cl' =
common tangent at the point of contact.
A circle passes through the origin and
Solution. C1 C2 = ~(5 + 7i + (- 2 - 3)2 has its center on y x. If it cuts ~ + = 4x - 6y + 10 0 l- =
orthogonally, then find the equation of the circle.
= 13 ='1 +'2
Hence, the two circles touch externally.
Circle 15.15

Solution. Let the required circle be of the third circle, or the locus of the center of the circle
~ + 1 + 2gx + 2fy + C ::: 0 (i) cutting two given circles orthogonally is the radical axis
This passes through (0, 0). Therefore, C = O. of the given two circles.
=
The center (-g, -f) of (i) lies on Y x. Therefore, g = f
Since (i) cuts the circle ~ +
I
1-
4x - 6y + 10 0 orthogonally, = S"=o
we get
2(-2g - 3f) C + 10=
or -lOg::: 10 [.: s=I andc=O]
or g::: f =-1 8'=0

Hence, the required circle is ~ + 1- x - y = O.

RADICAL AXIS (d) The position of the radical axis of the two circles
The radical axis of two circles is the locus of the point which geometrically is as follows:
moves such that the lengths of the tangents drawnfr"t)riNtto the Radical axis is
two circles.are equal. Consider . common tangent

S ;: ~ + 1 + 2gx + 2fy +c :::0 (i)

and S';:~+1+2gIX+2fIY+CI =0 (ii)
Let P(xl, YI) be a point such that IPA 1= IRBI, i.e.,

~~ + Y; + 2gxI + 2gYI + C::: ~~ + Y; + 2glXI + 2flYI + ci (a)

On squaring, we get
Radical axis is
XI' + YI' + 2gxI + 2fYI + c:: XI' + YI' + 2glx1 + 2flYI + CI Radical axis is common tangent
common chord

s=o (b)
s'=o (c)

Radical Center
The radical axes of three circles S 1 :: 0,
or 2(g-gl)xI +2(j -fl)YI +c-ci =0 S2 = 0 and S3 = 0 taken in pairs, meet
Therefore, the locus of P(xI' YI) is at a point, which is called their radical
center.
2(g -gl)x+ 2(j- fl)Y+ c- CI = 0
The coordinates of the radical center
which is the required equation of the radical axis of the given
can be found by solving the equations
circles. Clearly, this is a straight line.
S, =S2=S3==0.
Properties of the Radical Axis
_iiIiillill The equation of three circles are given
(a) The radical axis is perpendicular to the line joining the
centers of the given circles. ~ + I::: 1, ~ + 1- 8x + 15::: 0, ~ + 1
+ 10y + 24::: o.
(b) The radical axis bisects the common tangents of two Determine the coordinates of the point P such that the tangents
circles. drawn from it to the circles are equal in length.
Solution. We know that the point from which the lengths of
tangents are equal in length is the radical center of the given
three circles. Now, the radical axis of the first two circles is
(~ + 1- 1) - (~ + 1-
8x + 15) == 0
i.e., X - 2 :::0 (i)
and the radical axis of the second and third circles is
(e) If two circles cut a third circle orthogonally, then the
(~+1-8x+ 15)-(~+1+ lOy+24)=O
radical axis of the two circles will pass through the center
15.16 Mathematics

i.e., 8x + lOy + 9 = 0 (ii) Then the chord of contact of the tangents is the common
Solving (i) and (ii), the coordinates of the radical center, i.e., of chord of the circle x2+ i==
12 and x' + y2 - 5x + 3y - 2 = O.
point P, are P(2, -5/2). It is given as
5x- 3y -10 =0
Also, the equation of the chord of contact W.r.t. P is
COMMON CHORD OF TWO CIRCLES hx +k» -12 =0
The common chord joining Equations hx + ky - 12 = 0 and 5x - 3y - 10 = 0 represent the
the point of intersection of the same line. Therefore,
two given circles is called their h k -12
common chord. "5 = -3 = -10
IfS==OandS'=Oare -18
or h = 6, k ==-5-
two intersecting circles, the
Hence, the required point is (6, -18/5).
equation of their common
chord is S-S'=O
•• ~., Find the length of the common chord
S - S' = 0 + l + 2x + 6y = 0 and y} + l- 4x - 2y
Let S == y} + l + 2gx + 2fy + c ==0
and -i
S' == x2 + + 2g'x + 2j'y + c' = 0 Solution. The equation of the common chord PQ of the circles
be two circles intersecting at P and Q. SI: x2 + l + 2x + 6y = 0
Then PQ is their common chord. Therefore, and S2: y} + l-4x-2y- 6 ==0
S - S' = 0
or 2(g - g') x + 2(f - 1') y + c - c' ==0 is SI-S2 =0
This is the common chord of the two circles S = 0 and S' = O. or 6x+ 8y + 6 ==0
or 3x+4y+3=O
Length of the Common Chord SI =0

PQ = 2(PM) = 2~(CIP)2- (C1M)2

where C1 P is the radius of the circle S = 0 and CIM is the

length of perpendicular from Cion the common chord PQ.

The center of SI is (-1, -3) and radius is .Jl+9 ==J1O.

The length ofthe perpendicular from (-1, -3) to 3x + 4y + 3 = 0,

C M_\-3-12+3\ _ 12
1 - .J9+ 16 - 5

ILLUSTRAllON 15.38 If the tangents are drawn to the circle

y} + l = 12 at the point where it meets the circle y} + y2 - 5x + =2R!
3y - 2 = 0, then find the point of intersection of these tangents.
Solution. 2M6
= 5

5x+3y-lO=0

Let (h, k) be the point of intersection of the tangents.

Circle 15.17

Radius of the circle,

CQ =-.f1
Since LQSR =
45°, the coordinates of Q and S are given by
(1 ± fi cos 45°, -2 ± fi sin 45°) or Q(2, -1) and S(O, -3).
The coordinates of P and R are given by (1 ± fi cos 135°,
-2 ± {i sin 135°) or P(O, -1) and S(2, -3).
3. Tangents drawn from the point P(1, 8) to the circle
°
x2 + 1- 6x - 4y - 11 = touch the circle at points A and
B. The equation of the circumcircle of triangle PAB is
(a) x2+1+4x-6y+19=0
(b) ~ + 1-4x-lOy
(c) x2 + 1-
+19
2x + 6y - 20
= °
(d) x2+1-6x-4y+19=0
Sol. (b) The center of the given circle is C(3, 2).
Since CA and CB are perpendicular to PA and P13, CP is the
diameter of the circumcircle of triangle PAB. Its equation is
(x - 3)(x - 1) + (y - 2)(y - 8) = °
or x + 1 4x - lOy + 19 =
2
°
4. The equation of the chord of the Circle ~ + 3x - 4y - 4 1-
= 0, which passes through the origin such that the origin
divides it in the ratio 4 : 1, is
(a) x=O (b) 24x+7y=0
(c) 7x+24y=0 Cd) 7x-24y=0
=
Sol. (b) Let y mx be a chord.
Then the points of intersections are given by
1. Triangle PQR is inscribed in the circle x2 + = 25. If Q 1
and R have coordinates (3,4) and (-4, 3), respectively, ~(l + m2) - x(3 + 4m) - 4 = °
then LQPR is equal to 3 +4m -4
(a) 1CI2 (b) 1CI3 (c) 1CI4 (d) 1CI6 . . Xl + X2 = --2 and x,x1 = -1--2-
1 +m +m
Sol. (c) We know that Since (0, 0) divides chord in the ratio 1 : 4, we have
LQPR=~LQOR x2 =-4xj
o being the centertu, 0) of the given circle ~ + 1= 25. 3+4m 2 -4
Let mj = Slope of OQ = 4 3 RH,3)
~"". ,_-
Q(3,4)
-3Xj =---2 and4x1 =---2
l+m l+m

and m2=SlopeofOR=-4 '. 0 =

9 + 9m2 9 + 16m2 +-24m
As mlm2 = -1, we have 24
i.e., m=0'-7
LQOR
7r 7r
="2 or LQPR =4
2. A square is inscribed in the circle ~ + 1-
2x + 4y + 3 =
P
Therefore, the lines are y := ° and 7y + 24 X = 0.
5. A circle of constant radius a passes through the origin 0
0. Its sides are parallel to the coordinate axes. One vertex and cuts the axes of coordinates at points P and Q. Then
of the square is the equation of the locus of the foot of perpendicular from
(a) (1 + fi, -2) (b) (1 - fi, -2) o to PQ is
(c) (1, -2 + fi) (d) none of these
(a) (~+ l)(~ + y\) = 4a 1

Sol. (d)
(b) (~+ 1)2 ( x\ + :2) = a
y 2

+ y\)
Ii (~ 2
(c) (~+ = 4a

(d) (~+ I)(~ + :2) := a

2
15.18 Mathematics

Sol. (c) Sol. (a) Since the required circle has its centre on the x-axis, let
y
the coordinates of the centre be (a, 0). The circle touches y = x.
Therefore, radius :::;:
CP = ..!!..-
.J2
The circle cuts off a chord of length 2 units along x - ../3y = 0
The equation of line PQ is
y=x
h
y -- k I(=-x - h)
..•. ----
or
,",
,,
I

Also, 2a == Jxl + yl
or xl + yl = 4a 2

Eliminating xl and Yl' we have

2
(x + l)2 (~ + :2) = 4a2
6. The locus of the midpoint of a line segment that is drawn
In t:.CMQ, CQ2 == MQ2 + MC2

l~r~l'+(jl~~~~'
from a given external point P to a given circle with center
o (where 0 is the origin) and radius r is
(a) a straight line perpendicular to PO
(b) a circle with center P and radius r J ~~1+
~' => =>a~2
(c) a circle with center P and radius 2r
(d) a circle with center at the midpoint PO and radius rl2 h
Thus, centre of the circle is at (2, 0) and radius =
2
= .Ji
Sol. (d) So, its equation is x + l- 4x + 2 = O. "
8. Centre of the circles passing through the point (-4,3) and
touching the lines x + y = 2 and x - y = 2 is
(a) (-10 ± 3..}6,0) (b) (0,-10±3~)

(d) (-5 ± 2..}6, 0) (d) none ofthese

Sol. (a) Centre of the circle is on x-axis which is C(h, 0).
=
Now, CP CM == radius.

2h == a+ r cos e ~(-4-hi +(3-0i = Ih-21

2k :::;:f3 + r sin e
. J2
(2h - af + (2k - /3)2 == r Solving, we get h = -10 ± 3.J6.

Therefore, the locus is

x+y=2

which is a circle with center as the midpoint of OP and

radius rl2. x-y=2
7. The equation of the circle which is touched by y = x has
its centre on the positive direction of the x-axis and cuts
off a chord of length 2 units along the line ../3y - x = 0 is
(a) x2+l-4x+2==O (b) x2+l-4x+ 1 =0
(c) ~+l-8x+8==O (d) ~+y2-4y+2=0

- ._--._--------
Circle
.............................. ,. ., 15.19
- .

9. The values of a for which the point (a - I, a + I) lies =2~1O-5 -:;:2-Y5

in the larger segment of the circle x' + y - 6 ::::0 i-x - Thus, area of !lOPQ =! x PQ x OL
made by the chord whose equation is x + y - 2 ::::0 are
(a) -1<a<1
(c) -oo<a<-I
(b) I<q<oo
(d) as;O
=!x 2-Y5x -Y5= 5

11. The equation of the incircle of equilateral triangle ABC

Sol. (a) The given circle
where B == (2, 0), C == (4, 0), and A lies in the fourth
S(x,y)50;;' + i -x- y- 6=0 (i)
quadrant is
has centre at C = (~, ~ ) (a) x +
2
i-6x + ~ +9 =0
According to the required conditions, the given point
P (a-I, a + 1) must lie inside the given circle
(b) ;;'+r-6x- ~ +9=0
i.e. S(a- 1, a+ 1) < 0
=> (a-Ii + (a+ Ii - (a-I) - (a+ 1) - 6 < 0
=> a2 - a- 2 < 0 i.e. (a- 2) (a+ 1) < 0 (c) ;;'+r+6x+ ~-+9=0
=> -1<a<2 (ii)
(d) none of these
Sol. (a) Clearly, A == (3, -..Jj).
The centroid of triangle ABC is ,-yy B(20)
(3, - v.J3). Thus, the equation of X
incircle is
x+y-2=:O
A
1)2 1
(x-3i+ ( y+- =-
.fj 3
and also P and C must lie on the same side of the line (see fig)
L(x, y) x + y - 2:::: 0 = (iii)
or ;;'+y2-6x+ ~ +9=0

12. The area bounded by the circles z' + y2 = 1,;;' + y2 = 4,

i.e. L(~'~) ~dL(a-l, a+ 1) must have the same sign.
and the pair of lines ..J3(x2 + i) =
4xy is equal to
(a) 7rl2 (b) 57r12 (c) 3n (d) 7rl4
Now since L
, 2' 2
(! !)::::!+! - 2< 0
2 2 Sol. (d) The angle (J between the lines represented by
=
..J3;;' - 4xy + ..J3y2 0 is given by
therefore, we have L(a- 1, a+ 1) = (a- 1) + (a+ 1) - 2 < 0
i.e. a < 1 (iv) -I 2~h2- ab
Inequalities (ii) and (iv) together give the permissible values of (J = tan
la+bl
aas-l <a< 1.
10. The area of the triangle formed by joining the origin to -I 2~22 - 3 n
the points of intersection of the line x..[5 + 2y 3..[5 and = = tan .fj+.fj =-6
the circlex' + 10is i ::::
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6 Hence, the shaded area

Sol. (c) = nl6 x n(22 _ e) = n

2n 4
13. The range of values of A, A > 0, such that the angle (J
between the pair of tangents drawn from (A, 0) to the circle
=
;;. + y2 4 lies in (7rl2, 27r13) is
J5x+2y"" 3.[5 (a) (4/.fj,2.fi) (b) (0,--.[2)
(c) (1,2) (d) none of these
The length of perpendicular from the origin to the line
x..[5 + 2y = 3..[5 is Sol. (a)

OL :::: 3J5 -:;:3J5 = J5

~(J5i+22 19
Radius of the given circle = .JlO = OQ = OP
PQ = 2QL = 2~OQ2- OL2
15.20 Mathematics

TC 2TC. TC 8 TC If it touches the x-axis, then ~ + Ax + 6 = 0 should have equal

We have -<()<- i.e.
-<-<- roots, i.e.,
2 3"42 3
A2 = 24 or A= ±1L4
1 . 8 .J3
or -<Slll-<-
-Ii 2 2 Radius of these circles = ~6 + 4J - 6 = ~ units

. 8212.J3 So, we can draw two circles but the radius of each circle is 7/2 .
But sin -=-or-<-<- 17. The locus of the midpoint of the chord of contact of tan-
2 A Ji A 2
gents drawn from the points lying on the straight line

or -~<A<2Ji
=
4x - 5y 20 to the circle x2 + l 9 is =
.J3 (a) 20(~ + l)- 36x + 45y =0
14. Two rods of lengths a and b slide along the x-axis and (b) 20(~+l)+36x-45y=0
y-axis respectively in such a manner that their ends are (c) 36(~+l)-20x+45y=0
concyclic. The locus of the centre of the circle passing (d) 36(x2 + l) + 20x - 45y =0
through the end points is Sol. a. y

(a) 4(~+l)=a2+b2 (b) ~+l=a2+b2

(c) 4(~-l)=a2-b2 (d) ~-l=a2-b2
=
SoL (c) AB a, PQ = b, AL a12, PM = bl2 =
From the figure CA = CP (radii of the same circle)

The equation of the chord bisected at P(h, k) is

hx + ky = h2 + !? (i)
Let any point on the line be

( a,~a-4)

a2 b2 The equation of the chord of contact is

=> !? + _ = h2 + _
4 4 (ii)
ax+ (~a-4)Y=9
Therefore, the locus of centre of the circle is 4(~ -l) = a2 - b2•
Comparing (i) and (ii), we get
15. If ( m., ~i)' i = 1, 2, 3, 4 are concylic points, then the h k hZ + kZ
a (4/5) a- 4 9
value of ml m2 m3 m4 is
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 0 (d) None of these 20h
Sol. (a) Let the equation of the circle be ~ + l + 2gx + 2fy + c
.. a = 4h - 5k
= O. If (m, 11m) lies on this circle, then Z Z
Now h(4h -5k) = h + k
2 1 1 '20h 9
m +-z+2gm+2f-+c=0
m m or 20(h2 +!?) = 9(4h - 5k)
=> m4 + 2gm3 + 2fm + cm2 + 1 = 0 or 20(~ + l) - 36 + 45y =0
This is a fourth degree equation in m having ml' m2' m3' m4 as =
18. A light ray gets reflected from x -2. If the reflected ray
its roots. 1 touches the circle ~ + l=
4 and the point of incident is
Therefore, ml m2 m3 m4 = Product of roots = - = 1. (-2, -4), then the equation of the incident ray is
1 (a) 4y + 3x + 22 0 = (b) 3y + 4x + 20 0 =
16. The radius of the tangent circle that can be drawn to pass (c) 4y+2x+20=0 (d) y+x+6=0
through the points (0,7) and (0, 6) and touching the x-axis is
Sol: a. Any tangent of ~ + l = 4 is Y = mx ± 2~1 + m2
. If it
(a) 5/2 (b) 3/2 (c) 7/2 (d) 9/2 passes through (-2, -4), then
Sol. (c) The equation of any circle through (0, 1) and (0, 6) is =
(2m':" 4)2 4(1 + m2)
x2 + (y - 1)(y - 6) + Ax = 0 or 4m2 + 16-16m=4+4m2

or x2 + l + Ax - 7y + 6 = 0
Circle 15.21
....................................................... ,....

y
Since radius of both the circles is same,
coordinates where it cuts the line joining their centers He i h12, 0)
Cp2 + Op2 = cIp2
or 1+3 = h /4 2

or h2 = 16
or h=±4
22. The area included between the straight lines, x - 3y +
5 == 0; x + 2y +5 == 0 and the circle x2 + = 25 is I
or m = 00, In = "43 (a) ~ (5n+ 14) sq. units
Hence, the slope of the reflected ray is 3/4. 4
Thus, the equation of the incident ray is (b) ~ (3n+ 7) sq. units
4
(y + 4) = - *(x + 2) i.e., 4y + 3x + 22 = 0 (c) 5(3n + 7) sq. units
19. PA and PB are tangents to a circle S touching it at points (d) 5(5n+ 15) sq. units
A and B, respectively. C is a point on S in between A and Sol. (a) Lines x - 3y + 5 = 0 ; x + 2y + 5 = 0 intersect at
B as shown in the figure. LCM is a tangent to S intersect- (- 5, 0) as shown in the following figure.
ing PA and PB in points Land M, respectively. Then the
perimeter of the triangle PLM depends on

(a) A, B, C and P (b) P but not on C

(c) P and Conly (d) radius of S only
Also line x - 3y + 5 == 0 meets the circle at (4, 3).
Sol. (b) Perimeter of !J.PLM = PL + LC + CM + MP And line x + 2y + 5 = 0 meets the circle at (3, - 4).
=PL+LA +BM +MP As shown in figure, required area
=PA +PB = area of MOR + area of !J.QOR + area of sector POQ
20. Two congruent circles with centers at (2, 3) and (5, 6), 5 x 3 5 x 4 25n
=--+--+--
which intersect at right angles, have radius equal to 2 2 4
(a) 2,[2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) none of these 35 25n
=-+--
Sol. (b) 2 4

=~ (5IT + 14) sq. units

4

23. The circles which can be drawn to pass through (l, 0) and
(3,0) and to touch the y-axis intersect at an angle e. Then
2? = 32 + 32 = 18 or ? = 9 or r = 3
cas e is equal to
(a) 112 (b) -112 (c) 114 (d) -1/4
21. If the length of transverse common tangent of the circles
Sol. (a) Let A == (1, 0), B == (3,0), y
~ +l = 1 and (x- h)2 + l = 1 is 2;3, then the value(s) and CI and C2 be the centers of
of h will be circles passing through A and B
(a) 2 (b) -2 and touching the y-axis at PI and
(c) ±4 (d) None of these Pz, respectively. If r is the radius
Sol. (c) (here radii of both circles will be
the same),
CIA == C2A = r = OD = 2
and CI == (2, h)
where h2=ACr -AD2 = 4 - 1 =3
15.22 Mathematics

or CI == (2, fJ), C2 == (2, -fJ) or (h + 2)2 + (k - 3i = 4

If LCIAC2 = a, then
or h2 + ~ + 4h - 6k + 9 0 =
Thus, the required equation of the locus is
AC: +AC:- CIC: _ 1
cosa= 2AC XAC --2 Xl + l + 4x - 6y + 9 0 =
I 2
26. If two distinct chords drawn from the point (p, q) on the
cos 8= -t '*
circle Xl + y2 - px - qy = 0 (where pq 0) are bisected
by the x-axis, then
24. The locus of the center of the circle which touches the (a) p2 =l =
(b) p2 8q2 ,
circle Xl + y2 - 6x - 6y + 14 = 0 externally and also (c) p2 < 8q2 (b) p2> 8q2
touches the y-axis is given by equation Sol. (d) Let B(h, 0) be the midpoint of the chord drawn from
(a) Xl- 6x - lOy + 14 0 = pointA(p, q).
(b) x2 - lOx - 6y + 14 = 0 Also, the center is C(P/2, q/2).
(c) l-
6x - lOy + 14 0 = Then, we have BC .1AB. Therefore,
(d) y2 - lOx - 6y + 14 0 = (q/2)-O (q-O)=_1
Sol. (d) Let the center of the circle be (h, k). (p/2)-h p-h
Since the circle touches the axis of y, its radius is h.
The radius of the circle Xl + l-
6x - 6y + 14 0 is 2 and has = or (p !2h )(; = ~) = -1
center at (3, 3). or 2h2 - 3ph + p2 + l 0 =
Since the two circles touch each other externally, Since two such chords exist, the above equation must have two
Distance between the centers =
Sum of the radii distinct real roots, i.e.,
or ~(h - 3)2 + (k - 3i Ih + 21 = Discriminant> 0
or k - lOh - 6k + 14 = 0
2 or 9p2 - 8(p2 + q2) > 0
Hence, the locus of (h, k) is l- lOx - 6y + 14 = O. or p2>8l
25. The angle between the pair of tangents drawn from a 27. Two circles with radii a and b touch each other externally
point P to the circle Xl + y2 + 4x - 6y + 9 sin2a + 13 such that 8 is the angle between the direct common tan-
cos2a =
0 is 2a. Then the equation of the locus of the gents (a > b ~ 2). Then
point Pis (a) 8=2coS-I(~~t) (b) 8=2tan-I(~~t)
(a) Xl + l + 4x - 6y + 4 0 = 2 . -I(a+b) 2 . -I(a-b)
Xl + l + 4x - 6y - 9 = 0 (c) u= (d) u=
II D
(b) sm a-b sm a+ b
(c) Xl+l+4x-6y-4=0 Sol. (d) From M1LN,
(d) x2 + l + 4x - 6y + 9 0 = . e a=b
sm-=--
Sol. (d) The center of the circle 2 a+b
l
Xl + + 4x - 6y + 9 sin2a + 13 cos2a = 0
is C(- 2,3) and its radius is
~22 + (_3)2 - 9 sin2a-13 cos2a

~4+ 9 - 9 sin2a-13 cos2a = 12 sin a1

e
2"=srn
'.-I(a-b)
a+b
P'~'>:::---4'---~
(h, k) Angle between AB and AD = e = 2sin- l
( ~ ~ t)

28. If a circle C passing through (4, 0) touches the circle

l
x2 + + 4x - 6y '" 12 externally at a point (1, -1), then
Let P(h, k) be any point on the locus. Then LAPC = a. the radius of circle C is equal to
From the diagram,
(a) ffi (b) 4
. AC 2sina
sm a=- = -;====== (c) 2Fs (d) 5
PC ~(h + 2)2 + (k _ 3)2

- - - -----------
Circle 15.23

Sol. (d) 30. Consider a family of circles passing through two fixed
points} (3,7) andB(6, 5). The chords in which the circle
~ + I- =
4x - 6y - 3 0 cuts the members of th~ family
are can .urrent at a point, the coordinates of this p'oint are

(a) (2, 1) (b) (2, 2:)

(c) (3,2) (d) (4,3)
Sol. (b) The equation of the line passing through the points
The equation of circle touching 3x - 4y =7 at (1,-1) is A(3, 7) and B(6, 5) is
(x - 1)2 + (y + 1)2 + A (3x - 4y - 7) =0 (1) 2
Y-1=-3' (x-3)
As (4, 0) satisfying it, so A = -2.
or 2x + 3y ~ 27 = 0
Putting this value in (1), we get required circle as
Also, the equation of the circle with A and B as the endpoints
~+1+4x-6y+ 12=0 of diameter is
The radius of the circle is 5. (x - 3)(x - 6) + (y - 7) (y - 5) = 0
29. Let A be the center of the circle x2 + 1- 2x - 4}' - 20 Now, the equation of the family of circles through A and B is
= O. Suppose that the tangents at the points B(l, 7) and (x - 3)(x - 6) + (y - 7)(y - 5) + A(2x + 3y - 27) = 0 (1) .
D(4, -2) on the circle meet at the point C. Then the area .The equation of the common chord of (i) and ~ + 4x - 1-
of quadrilateral ABCD is 6y - 3 = 0 is the radical axis, which is
[(x - 3)(x - 6) + (y - 7)(y - 5) + A(2x + 3y - 27)]
(a) 75 sq. units (b) 50 sq. units
(c) 100 sq. units Cd) 120 sq. units - [~ + 1- 4x - 6y - 3] = 0
or (2A- 5)x + (3A- 6)y + (-27A + 56) = 0
Sol. (a) The equation of the circle is or (-5x - 6y + 56) + A(2x + 3y - 27) = 0
~+1-2x-4y-20=0 This is the family of lines which passes through the point
Center == (1,2) and radius = --.j1.-1-+
4-+-.2"'0= 5
...• of intersection of -5x - 6y + 56 = o and 2x + 3y - 27 = 0, i.e.,
The equation. of tangent at (1, 7) is (2,23/3).
x . 1 +y . 7 - ex + 1) - 2(y + 7) - 20 =0 31. For the circle ~ + l=?-, the value of r for which-the
area enclosed by the tangents drawn from the point P(6,
or y --7 = 0 (i)
8) to the circle and the chord of contact is maximum is
Similarly, the equation of tangent at (4, -2) is
(a) 15 (b) 10 (c) 5 (d) 3
4x - 2y ~ (x + 4) - 2(y - 2) - 20 = 0
Sol. (c) The given circle is ~ + I = ?-. From point (6, 8),
or 3x-4y-20=0 (ii) tangents are drawn to this circle.

P(6,8)
For point C, solving (i) and (ii), we get x = 16 and y = 7.
Then, the length of tangent is
Therefore,
Co:: (16,7) PL = ~62 + 8 2 _?-= ~r-1O-0-_~?-

Now, clearly, Also, the equation of chord of contact LM is 6x + 8y - ?- = O.

ar(quad. BCDA) = 2x ar(MBC) PN = Length of.l from P to LM
36 + 64 - ?- 100 - ?-
=2X~XABXBC = --.j36+64 = 10
=ABxBC Now, in right-angled M'LN,
Clearly, AB = 5 and BC = 15. LN2 = PL2 _ PN2
ar(quad. ABCD) = 5 x 15 = 75 sq. units = (100 _?-) _ (10~~:i= (lOOI~:)?-
 15.24 Mathematics

- r~100-?-
or LN - 10
. s=o 2x+3y+l=0
LM= dlO~-?- (.,' LM=2LN)

1
Area of APLM=A xixLMxPN

1 r~100-?- 100-?- So, the equation of this circle can be given by

=ix 5 x 10 (x - 1)2 + (y + 1)2 + A(2x + 3y + 1) = 0, A E R
[Here, (x - 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 0 represents a point circle at
(1, -1))
or ~ + y2 + 2x(A - 1) + y(3A + 2) + (A + 2) = 0 (i)
For the maximum value of A, we should have
But this circle is orthogonal to the circle the extremities of
dA_O whose diameter are (0, 3) and (-2, -1), i.e.,
dr -
x(x + 2) + (y - 3) (y + 1) = 0
or 160 [(l00 - ?-)3/2 + ri (l00 - ?-)1/2 (-2r) 1 =0 or x2 + y2 + 2x - 2y - 3 = 0 (ii)
Applying the condition of orthogonality for (i) and (ii), we get
=0
or (100 - ?-)1I2 [100 - ?- - 3?-)

. i.e., . r = 10 or r =5
2(A-l) x l +2 ell; 2) x (-1) = A+ 2 + (-3)
[2glg2 + 2fd2 = cI + c2]
But r = 10 gives the length of tangent PL. Therefore, r::f. 10. or 2A- 2 - 3A - 2 =A- 1
Hence, r= 5. or 2A=-3
32. Find the equation of the circle touching the line 2x + 3y + 3
or A=-2
1 = 0 at (1, -1) and cutting orthogonally the circle having
Substituting this value of A in (i), we get the required circle as
line segment joining (0, 3) and (-2, -1) as diameter.

SoL We are given that lineZx + 3y+ 1 = 0 touches the circle

~ + y2 - 5x - ~y +!
=0
or 2~ + 2y2 - lOx - 5y + 1 = 0
=
S 0 at (1, -1).

== EXERCISES ==
(c) x-axis at the point (3,0)
(d) the line y + 3 = 0
1. The number of circle having radius 5 and passing through
5. Circles are drawn through the point (2, 0) to cut intercept
the points (-2, 0) and (4, 0) is
of length '5' units on the x-axis. If their centers lie in the
(a) one (b) two (c) four (d) infinite
first quadrant then their equation is
2. The equation of the circle in the first quadrant touching (a) ~ + y2 - 9x + 2ky + 14 = 0, k > 0
each coordinate axis at a distance of one unit from the (b) 3~ + 3l + 27x - 2ky + 42 = 0, k » 0
origin is . (c) ~ + y2 - 9x - 2ky + 14 0, k > 0=
(a) ~ + y2 - 2x - 2y + 1 = 0 (d) ~ T y2 - 2ky - 9y + 14 = 0, k > 0
(b) ~ + y2 - 2x - 2y - 1 = 0
(c) ~+y2-2x-2y=0
6. Equation of circle inscribed in lx - al + Iy - bl = 1 is
(a) (x+a)2+(y+b?=2
(d) None ofthese
1
3. The equation of the circle passing through the point (-1, (b) (x-a)2+(y-b)2=-
2
=
-3) and touching the line 4x + 3y - 12 0 at the point (3,
1
0) is (c) (x_a)2+(y_b)2= 12
(a) ~ + y2 - 2x + 3y - 3 = 0
(b) ~ + y2 + 2x - 3y - 5 = 0 (d) (x-a)2+(y-b)2=1
(c) 2x2+2y2_2x+5y-8=0
7. The center of the circle inscribed in a square formed by
(d) None of these
the lines ~ - 8x + 12 = 0 and y2 - 14y + 45 = 0 is
4. Circle ~ + y2 + 6y = 0 touches
(a) y-axis at the origin (a) (4, 7) (b) (8, 14) (c) (2,5) (d) (6,9)
(b) x-axis at the origin
Circle 15.25

=
8. The lines 2x - 3y 5 and 3x - 4y = 7 are the diameters of 17. The condition that the chord x cos a + y sin a - p = 0 of
a circle of area 154 sq. units. Then the equation of this x2 + l- a2 = 0 may subtend a right angle at the center of
circle is the circle is
(a) ';+l+2x-2y=62(b) ';+l+2x-2y=47 (a) a2 = 2p2(b) p2 = 2a2 (c) a = 2p (d) P = 2a
(c) ';+l-2x+2y=47(d) x2+l-2x+2y=62 18. The radius of the circle having maximum size passing
9. The equation of the image of the circle'; + l + 16x-24y through (2, 4) and touching both the coordinate axes is
+ 183 = 0 by the line mirror 4x + 7y + 13 = 0 is (a) 5 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 12
(a) x2 + l + 32x-4y + 235 = 0
19. If a circle passes through the points where the lines
(b) x2 + l + 32x + 4y - 235 = 0
(c) .; + l + 32x - 4y - 235 = 0
3kx - 2y - 1 = 0 and 4x - 3y + 2 = 0 meet the coordinate
axes then k=
(d) x2 + l + 32x + 4y + 235 = 0 1
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) - (d) -1
10. The point on a circle nearest to the point P(2, 1) is 4 units 2
2
and the farthest point is (6, 5). Then the equation of the
circle is
20. All chords of the curve'; + l-
lOx - 4y + 4 = 0, which
make a right angle at (8, -2) pass through
(a) (x - 6) (x - h - 1) + (y - 5) (y - h - 1) = 0 (a) (2,5) (b) (-2, -5)
(b) (x - 6)(x - h) + (y - 5)(y - h) =0 (c) (-5, -2) (d) (5,2)
21. A circle passing through the point (2, 2( Ji -1) touches
(c) (x - 6)(x - 2 - 2 h ) + (y - 5)(y - 1 - 2 h ) = 0
the pair of lines x2 -l- 4x + 4 = o. The centre of the
(d) .(x - 6) (x - 2 - 2 h)+ (y - 5) (y - 2 - 2 h)= 0 circle is

11. If the lengths of the chords intercepted by the circle (a) (2, 2h) and (2, 6Ji - 8)
.; + l + 2gx + 2fy = 0 from the coordinate axes be 10 and (b) (2, 5 h) and (2, 7 Ji )
24 respectively, then the radius of the circle is (c) (2,5 h - 1) and (2, -3)
(a) 17 (b) 9 (c) 14 (d) 13 (d) None of these
12. If one of the diameters of the circle'; + l- 2x - 6y + 6
22. (1,2h) is a point on circle'; + l = 9. Which of the
= 0 is a chord to the circle with center (2, 1), then the
following is not the point on the circle at 2 units distance
radius of the circle is
(a) -13 (b) ..J2 from (1,2h)?
(c) 3 (d) 2
13. The circle passing through the point (-1, 0) and touching (a) (-1,2h) (b) (2h,l)
the y-axis at (0, 2) also passes through the point
(c) (23 lOJi) (d) None ofthese
(a) (-3/2,0) (b) (-5/2,2) 9' 9
(c) (-3/2,5/2) (d) (-4,0)
14. If it is possible to draw a triangle which circumscribes the
circle (x - (a - 2/1)2 + (y - (a + /1)2 = 1 and is inscribed
by'; + l- 2x - 4y + 1 = 0, then
23. Equation of the straight line meeting the circle with centre
(a) /3= -113 (b) /3= 2/3
at origin and radius equal to 5 units in two points at equal
(c) a= 5/3 (d) a= -5/2
distances of 3 units from the point A(3, 4) is
15. The equations of four circles are (x ± a)2+ (y ± a)2 = a2.
The radius of a circle touching all the four circles is (a) 6x+8y=41 (b) 6x-8y+41=0
(c) 8x+6y+41=0 (d) 8x-6y+41=0
(a) (..J2 + 2)a (b) 2..J2a
24. The equation of the circle which has normals
(c) (..J2 + l)a (d) (2 +..J2)a
(x - 1) (y - 2) = 0 and a tangent 3x + 4Y = 6 is
16. Any circle through the point of intersection of the lines
(a) x2 + y2- 2x - 4y + 4 = 0
x + -..Gy = 1 and -..Gx - y = 2 intersects these lines at points
(b) ';+i-2x-4y+5=0
P and Q. Then the angle subtended by the arc PQ at its
(c) x2+l=5
center is
(d) (X-3)2+(y-4)2=5
(a) 180°
25. The line 2x - y + 1 = 0 is tangent to the circle at
(b) 90°
the point (2, 5) and the center of the circle lies on
(c) 120°
x - 2y = 4. The radius of the circle is
(d) depends on center and radius
(a) 3'./5 (b) 5-13 (c) 2'./5 (d) 5..J2
15.26 Mathematics

26. To which of the following circles, the line y - x + 3 = 0 is 35. A straight line with slope 2 and y-intercept 5 touches the
normal at the point (3 + Jz, Jz )? circle ~ + l + 16x + 12y + c = 0 at a point Q. Then the
coordinates of Q are

J +-~J
(a) (-6, 11) (b) (-9, -13)

(a) (X-3- ~ =9
(c) (-10, -15) (d) (-6, -7)
36. A circle with center (a, b) passes through the origin. The

~J+- ~J
equation of the tangent to the circle at the origin is

(bJ (x- =9
(a)
(c)
ax~by=O
bx - ay = 0
(b) ax+by=O
(d) bx+ay=O
(c) .:?+ (y_3)2= 9 37. The straight line x cos 8+ y sin 8= 2 will touch the circle
(d) (x-3)2 + l =9 x2+l-2x=Oif
(a) 8=nn:,nEIQ (b) A=(2n+1)n:,lkEI
27. The equations of the tangents to the circler + l = 13 at (c) 8 = 2nn:,n E I (d) none of these
the points whose abscissa is 2 are
(a) 2x + 3y = 13, 2x - 3y = 13 38. If the angle between the tangents drawn to .:? + l + 2gx
(b) 3x+2y= 13,2x-3y= 13
+
+ 2fy c,h::'OJrom (0, 0) is n:/2, then
(c) 2x+3y=13,3x-2y=13 (a) g2+l=3c (b) g2+f2=2c
(d) None of these (c) g2+l=5c (d) g2+f2=4c
28. An infinite number of tangents can be drawn from (1, 2) 39. If the line ax + by = 2 is a normal to the circle ~ + l- 4x
to the circle x2 + l- 2x-4y + A 0, then A= = - 4y = 0 and a tangent to the circle r' + l = 1, then
(a) -20 (b)0
(c) 5 (d) Cannot be determined (a) a;"'it~~I,=.~ (b) a= 1+2~,b= l-;,f[

29. A foot of the normal from the point (4,3) to a circle is (2,
1) and a diameter of the circle has the equation 2x - y =
(c)-a:z!, fJ,= ~ (d) a = 1, b= -{3
2. Then the equation of the circle is 40. The equation of the tangent to the circle.r' + l = a
2
, which

(a) ~+l+2x-l=O (b) ~+y2-2x-l=0 2

makes a triangle of area a with the coordinate axes, is
(c) x2 + l- 2y - 1 0 =
(d) None ofthese (a) x ± y = a12 (b) x ± y = ±a-{2
30. If the equation of the tangent to the circle':? + y2- 2x + 6y
(c)_x±y=2a (d) x+y=±2a
=
-6 o parallel to 3x-4y + 7 = 0 is 3x-4y + k= 0, then
41. The area of the triangle formed by the positive x-axis and the
the values of k are
(a) 5, -35 (b) -5,35 (c) 7, --32 (d) -7,32
l
normal and tangent to the circle ~ + = 4 at (1, --./3) is

31. Ifacircle, whose centre is (-1, 1)touches thestraightlinex+2y (a) 2-{'S sq. units (b) 312 sq. units
+ 12 = 0, then the coordinates of the point of contact are (c) ..,f6 sq. units (d), none of these

(a) (-;'-4) (b) (-~8,-~l) 42. A point on the line x = 3 from which the tangents drawn
to the circle x2 + l = 8 are at right angles is

(c) (2,-7) (d) (-2,-5) (a) (3,±,fi) (b) (3,±m)

32. The equation of the tangent to the circle + x2 l=
a which 2
(c) (±3,,fi) (d) (±3,-m)
makes a triangle of area a2 with the coordinate axes is 43. The coordinates ofthe middle point of the chord cut-off
(a) x±y=a..fi (b) x±y=±a..fi by 2x - 5y + 18 = 0 by the circle z' + l- 6x + 2y - 54 =
(c) x±y=2a (d) x+y=±2a o are
33. If the equation of one tangent to the circle with centre at (a) (1,4) (b) (2,4) (c) (4, 1) (d) (1, 1)
=
(2, -1) from the origin is 3x + y 0, then the equation of
the other tangent through the origin is
(a) 3x-y=0 (b) x+3y=0
44. The equation of the circle which passes through the point
(c) x-3y=0 (d) x+2y=0
of intersection of the circles x' +l- 8x - 2y + 7 = 0 and
34. If the tangent at the point P on the circle ~ + l + 6x + 6y r + y2- 4x + JOy + 8 = 0 and having its centre on y-axis
= 2 meets a straight line 5x - 2y + 6 = 0 at a point Q on will be
the y-axis, then the length of PQ is (a) .:?+y2+22x+9=0 (b) .:?+l+22x-9=0
(a) 4 (b) 2-{5 (c) 5 (d) 3-{5 (c) ~ + l + 22y + 9 = 0 (d)':? +i + 22y - 9 = 0

--- -------.----------
Circle 15.27

45. Circle x2 + 1- 2x + Ilx - 1 = °

passes through two fixed
points, co-ordinates of these points are
l
56. Equation of the circle which cuts the circle x2 + + 2x +
4y - 4 = 0 and the line xy - 2x - y + 2 = 0 orthogonally,
(a) (0, ± 1) (b) (±1,0) IS
(c) (0,1) and (0, 2) (d) (0, -1) and (0, -2) (a) x2 + l-2x-4y- 6 =0
=
46. If the line x cos (1+ Y sin (1 2 is the equation of a trans- (b) ~ + l- 2x - 4y + 6 = 0
verse common tangent to the circles ~ + 1 4 and = x2 + (c) x2 +l- 2x - 4y + 12 = 0
1- 6-YJX - 6y + 20 = 0, then the value of (1 is (d) not possible to determine
(a) 5n16 (b) 2n13 (c) nl3 (d) nl6
47. Equation of the smaller circle that touches the circle ~ + 1
= 1 and passes through the point (4, 3) is 57. The locus of the midpoint of a chord of the circle ~ + l
2
(a) 5(x + 1) - 24x - 18y + 25 = 0 = 4 which subtends a right angle at the origin is
(b) ~+1-24x-18y+5=O (a) x+ y = 2 (b) ~ + 1= 1
(c) 5(x2+1)-24x+18y+25=0 (c) ~+l=2 (d) x+y= 1
(d) 5(~ + 1) + 24x - 18y + 25 = 0 58. A point P moves in such a way that the ratio of its distance
48. Centre of the circle whose radius is 3 and which touches from two coplanar points is always a fixed number (v l ).
internally the circle ~ + l- 4x - 6y - 12 = 0 at the point Then its locus is
(-1, -1) is (a) straight line (b) circle
(a) (7/5, -4/5) (b) (4/5,7/5) (c) parabola (d) a pair of straight lines
(c) (3/5,4/5) (d) (7/5,3/5) 59. The locus of a point which moves such that the sum of the
49. The number of common tangent(s) to the circles x2 + square of its distances from the three vertices of a triangle
1 + 2x + 8y - 23 = 0 and x2 + 1- 4x - lOy -19 = 0 is is constant, is a circle whose centre is at the
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (a) incentre of the triangle
(b) centroid of the triangle
50. If the circles x2 + 1 + 2x + 2ky + 6 = 0 and x2 + 1 + 2ky (c) orthocentre of the triangle
+ k = 0 intersect orthogonally, then k is (d) none of these
(a) 20r-312 (b) -20r-3/2
60. A circle is given by ~ + (y - 1)2 = 1. Another circle C
(c) 2 or 3/2 (d) -2 or 3/2 touches it externally and also the x-axis. Then the locus
51. If the circumference of the circle ~ + 1+ 8x + 8y - b of its center is
= 0 is bisected by the circle ~ + 1- 2x + 4y + a = 0, (a) {(x, y): ~ = 4y} u {(x, y): y::; O}
then a + b equals . (b) {(x,y):x2+(y-l)2=4} u {(x,y):y::;O}
(a) 50 (b) 56 (c) -56 (d) -34 (c) {(x, y): ~ = y} u {(O, y): y::; O}
52. The distance from the center of the circle ~ + l = 2x to (d) {(x,y):~=4y} u {(O,y):y::;O}
the common chord of the circles ~ + y2 + 5x - 8y + 1
61. The centers of a set of circles, each of radius 3, lie on the
= 0 and ~ + 1- 3x + 7y - 25 = 0 is l
circle x2 + = 25. The locus of any point in the set is
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 34/13 (d) 26/17 (a) 4::;~+1::;64 (b) .x2+:0::;25
53. If the length of the common chord of two circles ~ + 1 (c) x2+:0:2::25 (d) 3::;.x2+1::;9
=
+ 8x + 1 0 and x2 + 1 + 2j1y - 1 0 is 216, then the = 62. The locus of centre of circle of radius 2 units, if intercept
values of Jl are cut on x-axis by circle is twice of intercept on y-axis is
(a) ±2 (b) ±3 (c) ±4 (d) none of these (a) 4x2-31=4 (b) 4.x2-l= 12
(c) 41-~=12 (d) 41-3~=4
54. If two circles, ~ + 1+ 2 glx + 2/1Y 0 and ~ + = 1
+ 2 g-r + 21lY = 0 touch each other externally then 63. The locus of the centre of the circle which cuts a chord
of length 2a from the positive x-axis and passes through
()-Fa )1 gl = f2 g2 (b)fi=i2 a point on positive y-axis distant b from the origin is
gl g2
(a) ~+2by=b2+a2 (b) x2-2by=b2+a2
(c) 1II2 = gl g2 (d) none of these 2
(c) .x2+2by=a -b 2 (d) .x2-2by=b2-a2
55. The equation of the circle which passes through the point 64. The locus of the point of intersection of the tangents at
(1, 1) and touches the circle x2 + 1+ 4x - 6y - 3 0 = the extremities of a chord of the circle ~ + 1= a2 which
at the point (2, 3) on it is touches the circle .x2 + 1 = 2ax is
(a) ~+1-3x-6y+7=0 (a) 1=a(a-2x) (b) ~=a(a-2y)
(b) ~ + 1+ x - 6y + 3 0 = =
(c) ~ +:0 (y + a)2 (d) None of these
(c) ~ + 1-
2x - 6y + 9 = 0
(d) none of these

•
15.28 Mathematics

65. If a line segment AM = a moves in the plane XOY 75. A variable chord of the circle x2 + 1= 4 is drawn from
remaining parallel to OX so that the left end point A slides· the point P(3, 5) meeting the circle at the points A and E.
along the circle J? + 1= a2, the locus of Mis A point Q is taken on this chord such that 2PQ = PA +
(a) x2+1=4a2 (b) x2+1=2ax PE. The locus of Q is
I
(c) J? + = 2ay (d) x2 + 1- 2ax - 2ay = 0
(a) J?+1+3x+4y=0 (b) x2+1=36
66. A chord AB drawn from the point A(O, 3) on circle x' + 4x
=
+ (y - 3)2 0 meets M in such a way that AM 2AB, then = (c) J?+1=16 (d) J?+1-3x-5y=0
the locus of point M will be
(a) straight line (b) circle
(c) parabola (d) none of these 76. P and Q are any two points on the circle J? + I = 4
I
67. If the line hx + ky = I touches J? + = a2, then the locus such that PQ is a diameter. If a and f3 are the lengths
of the point (h, k) is a circle of radius of perpendiculars from P and Q on x + y = 1 then the
1
(a) a (b) .!. (c) Fa (d) -
Fa
maximum value of af3 is
. I 7
a
(a) "2 (b) "2 (c) 1 (d) 2
6S. The locus of the centre of circles which pass through the
centre of circle cI: x2+ 1= 1 and touches the circle c2: I
77. Two tangents to the circle x2 + = 4 at the points A and
J? + I = 8 is B meet at P(-4, 0). The area of the quadrilateral PAOB,
(a) x2+/=2Ji (b) J?+1=2 where 0 is the origin, is
(c) J?+1=4 (d) Noneofthese (a) 4 (b) 6/2
69. The locus of the center of the circle touching the line (c) 4.J3 (d) None of these
2x - y = 1 at (1, 1) is
(a) x+3y=2 (b) x+2y=0 78. A straight line II with equation x - 2y + 10 = 0 meets the
(c) x + y = 2 (d) none of these circle with equation J? + 1= 100 at B in the first quadrant.
70. Tangents PA and PB drawn =
to J? + 1 9 from any arbitrary A line through B perpendicular to 11 cuts the y-axis at
point 'P' on the line x + y = 25. Locus of mid-point of chord P(O, t). The value of t is
ABis (a) 12 (b) 15 (c) 20 (d) 25
(a) 25(J? + yZ) 9(x + y)= (b) 25(J? + I) =
3(x + y)
79. The ends of a quadrant of a circle have the coordinates
(c) 5(J? + I)
= 3(x + y) (d) None of these
(1, 3) and (3, 1) . Then the center of such a circle is
71. Locus of mid-point of chords of circle J? + 1 + 2ax + 2by (a) (2,2) (b) (1, 1) (c) (4,4) (d) (2,6)
+ C = 0 that are of constant length 2c is
SO. The area of the triangle formed by joining the origin to
(a) J? + 1 + 2ax + 2by + c2 - C = 0
(b) J? + 1 + 2ax + 2by - c2 - C = 0
the points of intersection of the line x15 + 2y = 315 and

(c) J? + y2 + 2ax + 2by + c2 + c = 0 circle x + 1= 10 is

2

(d) J? + I + 2ax + 2by - c2 + c = 0 (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

72. From the points (3,4), chords are drawn to the circle x2 + 81. A point P(.J3, 1) moves on the circle J? + 4 and I=
y2 - 4x = O. The locus of the midpoints of the chords is after covering a quarter of the circle leaves it tangentially.
The equation of a line along which the point moves after
(a) x2+yL5x-4y+6=0
leaving the circle is
(b) X2 + y2 + 5x-4y + 6 0 = (a) y=3x±4 (b) y=x±4 .J3
(c) X2+y2-5x+4y+6=0
(c) 3y=x±4 (d) y=.J3 x±4
(d) x2 + y2 -5x -4y-6 =0
73. The locus of the centers of the circles which cut the
82. The locus of the point of intersection of the tangents at
the extremities of a chord of the circle J? + 1= a2 which
=
circles J?+l + 4x- 6y + 9 0 and J? +y2 - 5x +4y - 2
touches the circle x2 + I = 2ax is
= 0 orthogonally is
(a) 1 =
a(a - 2x) (b) J? = a(a - 2y)
(a) 9x+ lOy-7 =0 (b) x-y+2 =0
(c) 9x-IOy+ll =0 (d) 9x+ 10y+ 7 0 = =
(c) ~ + 1 (y + a)2 (d) None ofthese

74. The locus of the center of the circles such that the point 83. Angle between tangents drawn to ~ + 1- 2x - 4y + 1 =
(2,3) is the midpoint of the chord 5x + 2y = 16 is o at the points where it is cut by the line y = 2x + c is ~,
2
(a) 2x-5y+11 =0 (b) 2x+5y-11=0 then
(c) 2x+5y+ 11 = 0 (d) none of these (a) lei = .J5 (b) lei = 2.J5
(c) lei = £0 Cd) lei = 2M
Circle 15.29

84. The locus of the centre of a circle which cuts orthogonally 89. Let A be the centre of the circle x2 + l- 2x - 4y - 20
the circle xl + y2 - 20x + 4 = 0 and which touches x = 2 is = O. Suppose that the tangents at the points B(l, 7) and
(a) i= 16x+4 (b) x2= 16y D( 4, -2) on the circle meet at the point C. The area of the
2
(c) x : 16y+4 (d) l= 16x quadrilateral ABeD is
85. The common chord of the circle xl + ; + 6x + 8y - 7 =0 (a) 60 sq. units (b) 75 sq. units
and a circle passing through the origin, and touching the (c) 90 sq. units (d) 120 sq. units
line y = x, always passes through the point 90. The length of the tangent from any point on the circle
(x-3)2 + (y + 2?=5? to the circle (x- 3? + (y + 2)2=?
(a) (-1/2, 112) (b) (1, 1)
is 4 units. Then the area between the circles is
(c) (1/2,112) (d) None of these
(a) 32n (b) 4n (c) 8n (d) 16n
. 86. Let AB be a chord of the circle xl + l = ? subtending a 91. If the squares of the lengths of the tangents from a point
right angle at the center. Then, the locus of the centroid P to the circles xl + i = a2, xl + l = b2 and x2 + l = c2
of triangle PAB as P moves on the circle is are in AP., then
(a) a parabola (b) acircle (a) a, b, c are in G.P.
(c) an ellipse (d) a pair of straight lines (b) a, b, c are in an AP.
(c) a2, b2, c2 are in an AP.
87. AB is a chord of the circle x2 + i= 2; . P is a point such (d) a2, b2, c2 are in G.P.
92. The radius of the of circle touching the line 2x + 3y + 1
that PA = 4, PB = 3. If AB = 5, then distance of P from
= 0 at (1, -1) and cutting orthogonally the circle having
origin can be
line segment joining (0, 3) and (-2, -1) as diameter is
9
(a) (b) ~ Jill
J2 J2 (a) (b) 2
4
5 7 I 11
(c) (d) -or--· (c) (d) 2.5
J2 J2 J2 2

88. Chord AB of the circle xl + l

= 100 passes through 93. The centre of the circle S = 0 lies on the line 2x -
2y + 9 = 0 and S = 0 cuts orthogonally the circle
the. point (7, 1) and subtends an angle of 60° at the
xl + ; = 4. Then the circle S = 0 passes through two fixed
circumference of the circle. If ml and m2 are the slopes
points, which lie on
of two such chords then the value of m1m2 is
(a) x= y (b)x+y=O
(a) -1 (b) 1 (c) 7112 (d)-3
(c) x-2y = 0 (d) x+ 2y= 0

1. If the chord y = mx + 1 of the circle xl + ; = 1 subtends 4. The equation of a circle with origin as the centre and
passing through an equilateral triangle whose median is
an angle of measure 45° at the major segment of the circle,
of length 3a is
then the value of m is
(a) 2 ±-12 (b)-2±-12 (a) xl + Y = 9a2 (b) xl + l = 16a 2

(c) -1 ± 12 (d) none of these (c) xl+;=4a2 (d) xl + ; = a2

(AIEEE 2002) (AIEEE 2002)

2. The centres of a set of circles, each of radius 3, lie on the 5. If the two circles (x - 1)2 + (y - 3? =? and xl + Y-
8x
circle xl + ; = 25. The locus of any point in the set is + 2y + 8 = 0 intersect at two distinct points, then
(a) 2<r<8 (b) r<2
(a) 4~x2+i~64 (b) xl+i~25
(c)r=2 (d)r>2
(c) xl +;225 (d) 3 ~ xl + Y ~9 (AIEEE 2003)
(AIEEE 2002)
6. The lines 2x - 3y = 5 and 3x - 4y = 7 are diameters of a
3. The centre of the circle passing through (0, 0) and (1, 0) circle having area as 154 sq. units. Then the equation of
and touching the circle xl + ; = 9 is the circle is

(a) (!,!) (b) (!,--(2) (a) xl+l+2x-2y=62(b) xl+l+2x-2y=47

(c) xl+l-2x+2y=47 (d) xl +i - 2x + 2y = 62
(c) G'!) (d) (!,~) (AIEEE 2002) (AIEEE 2003)
15.30 Mathematics

7. If a circle passes through the point (a, b) and cuts the circle 15. Let C be the circle with centre (0, 0) and radius 3 units. The
l
:2 + = 4 orthogonally, then the locus of its centre is equation of the locus of the midpoints of the chords of the
(a) 2ax+2by+(a2+b2+4)=0 circle C that subtend an angle of 2m3 at its centre is
3 .
(b) 2ax+2by-(a2+b2+4)=0 (a) x2+l=2" (b) :2+l= 1
(c) 2ax - 2by + (a2 + b2 + 4) = 0
(d) 2ax - 2by - (a2 + b2 + 4) = 0 (AIEEE 2004) (c) :2 +l = 22 2
d x +l=*

8. A variable circle passes through the fixed point A(p, q) (AIEEE 2006)
and touches the x-axis. The locus of the other end of the 16. Consider a family of circles which are passing through
diameter through A is the point (-1,1) and are tangent to the x-axis. If (h, k) are
(a) (x-p)2=4qy (b) (x - q)2 = 4py the coordinates of the centre of the circles, then the set of
(c) (y - p)2 = 4qx (d) (y - q)2 = 4px values of k is given by the interval
(AIEEE 2004) (a) O<k< 112 (b) k?112
(c) -112 ~ k ~ 112 (d) k ~ 112 (AIEEE 2007)
9. If the lines 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 and 3x - y - 4 = 0 lie along
the diameters of a circle of circumference 10n, then the 17. The point diametrically opposite to the point P (1, 0) on
equation of the circle is l
the circle x2 + + 2x + 4y - 3 0 is=
(a) :2 + l-2x + 2y - 23 0 = (a) (3,-4) (b) (-3,4)
(b) x2 + l- 2x - 2y - 23 = 0 (c) (-3, -4) (d) (3,4) (AIEEE 2008)
l
(c) :2 + + 2x + 2y - 23 = 0 18. If P and Q are the points of intersection of the circles
(d) :2 + y2 + 2x - 2y -23 =
0 (AIEEE 2004) :2 + l + 3x + 7y + 2p -- 5 = 0 and :2 + y2 + 2x + 2y -
10. The intercept on the line y = x by the circle x + l- 2x =
2 p2 = 0, then there is a circle passing through P, Q, and
o is AB. The equation of the circle on AB as a diameter is (1, 1) for
(a) x2+l-x-y=o (b) :2+l-x+y=o (a) all values of p.
l
(c) x2 + + x + y 0 = (d) x2 + l + x - y 0 = (b) all except one value of p.
(AIEEE 2004) (c) all excepttwo values of p.
(d) exactly one value of p. (AIEEE 2009)
11. If the circles :2 + l + 2ax + ey + a = 0 and x' + l- 3ax +
dy -1 = 0 intersect at two distinct points P and Q, then the 19. Three distinct points A, Band C are given in the two
line 5x + by - a = 0 passes through P and Q for dimensional coordinate plane such that the ratio of the
(a) exactly one value of a. distance of anyone of them from the point (1, 0) to the
(b) no value of a. distance from the point (-1, 0) is equal to .!.. Then the
(c) infinitely many values of a. 3
(d) exactly two values of a. (AIEEE 2005) circumcentre of the triangle ABC is at the point
12. A circle touches the x-axis and also touches the circle with
(a) (0,0) (b) (~, 0)
centre at (0, 3) and radius 2. The locus of the centre of the
circle is
(a) an ellipse (b) a circle
(c) (%,0) (d) (~, 0) (AIEEE 2009)

(c) a hyperbola (d) a parabola 20. The circle :2 + l = 4x + 8y + 5 intersects the line 3x - 4Y
(AIEEE 2005) = m at two distinct points if
13. If a circle passes through the point (a, b) and cuts the circle (a) 35 < m < 85 (b) - 85 < m < -35
:2 + l = p2 orthogonally, then the equation of the locus (c) -35<m<15 (d) 15<m<65
of its centre is (AIEEE 2010)
(a) :2 + l- 3ax - 4by + (a2 + b2 - p2) = 0
(b) 2ax + 2by - (a2 - b2 + p2) 0= 21. The two circles x2 + y2 = ax and:2 + l = e2 (e > 0) touch
each other, if
(c) x2 + l- 2ax - 3by + (a2 - b2 - p2) = 0
(a) lal = 2e (b)2Ial = e (c) lal = e (d) a = 2e
(d) 2ax + 2by - (a2 + b2 + p2) = 0 (AIEEE 2005)
(AIEEE 2011)
14. If the lines 3x-4y-7 = 0 and 2x-3y-5 =0 are the two 22. The length of the diameter of the circle which touches
diameters of a circle of area 49 n sq. units, the equation of the x-axis at the point (1, 0) and passes through the point
the circle is (2, 3) is
(a) :2+l+2x-2y-47=0 6
(b) l
:2 + + 2x - 2y - 62 = 0
(a) !Q (b) l (c) - (d) ~
3 5 5 3
(c) :2+l-2x+2y-62=0 (AIEEE 2012)
(d) :2 + l- 2x + 2y - 47 = 0 (AIEEE 2006)
Circle 15.31

23. The circle passing through (1, -2) and touching the axis (JEE Main 2015)
of x at (3, 0) also passes through the point 26. The centres of those circles which touch the circle, + r
(a) (-5,2) (b) (2,-5) l- 8x - 8y - 4 = 0, externally and also touch the x-axis,
(c) (5, -2) (d) (-2,5)(JEE Main 2013) lie on
24. Let C be the circle with centre at (1, 1) and radius = 1. (a) an ellipse which is not a circle
If T is the circle centred at (0, y), passing through origin (b) a hyperbola
and touching the circle C externally, then the radius of T (c) a parabola
is equal to (d) a circle (JEE Main 2016)

(a) 13 (b) 13 (c) -

1 (d) l-. 27. If one of the diameters of the circle, given by the equation,
J2 2 2 4 r+ l- 4x + 6y -12 = 0, is a chord of a circle S, whose
(JEE Main 2014) centre is at (- 3,2), then the radius of S is

25. The number of common tangents to the circles r+ l- 4x (a) 513 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 5J2
(a) 1 (b) 2
° r
- 6y - 12 = and + l+ 6x + 18y + 26 = 0, is
(c) 3 (d) 4
(JEE Main 2016)

" ,== ANSWER KEY == ' ,

Exercises
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (d)
21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (a) 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29. (b) 30. (a)
31. (b) 32. (b) 33. (c) 34. (c) 35. (d) 36. (b) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (b)
41. (a) 42. (a) 43. (a) 44. (c) 45. (a) 46. (d) 47. (a) 48. (b) 49. (c) 50. (a)
51. (c) 52. (a) 53. (b) 54. (b) 55. (b) 56. (a) 57. (c) 58. (b) 59. (b) 60. (d)
61. (a) 62. (b) 63. (c) 64. (a) 65. (b) 66. (b) 67. (b) 68. (b) 69. (b) 70. (a)
71. (c) 72. (a) 73. (c) 74. (a) 75. (d) 76. (b) 77. (c) 78. (c) 79. (b) 80. (c)
81. (b) 82. (a) 83. (c) 84. (d) 85. (c) 86. (b) 87. (d) 88. (a) 89. (b) 90. (d)
91. (c) 92. (a) 93. (b)

Archives
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (c)
21. (c) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (d) 25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (a)
- ----- -------------
 , <

. _ CHAPTER 15: CIRCEE

,
>

+,
< < <

The coordinates of the centers are (el2, ±el2).

Hence, the equations of the two circles are
1. Here the center of the circle, (3, -1), must lie on the line
x + 2by + 7 = O. Therefore, (x - ~ f + ( Y ± ~)2 = (~f
2
3-2b+7=00rb=5 2 2 e
or x + y - ex ± ey + '4 = 0
2. The center of the given circle is (l , 2). Let (0:, {J) be the other
end. Then, 5. If the circle cuts off a chord AB of length
0:+3 /3+2 6 from the line 2x - 5y + 18 = 0, then the
-2-= 1; -2-=2 length of perpendicular from the center
or 0: = -1, /3 = 2 C(3, - 1) on the line,
Therefore, the other end is (-1, 2). . _ 12x3-5x(-I) + 181 _ m
y CL - ~(4 + 25) - 29
3.
" y=x =
But, AL BL 3 =
y=-x/ In the right-angled triangle CLA,
c:. -' -_ CA2 = CL2 +AL2 = 29 + 9 = 38
"
" Therefore, the radius of the circle is CA = -{38.
Hence, the equation of the circle is
(x - 3)2 + (y + 1)2 = {-{38)2
--, -8 or Y +i -6x + 2y - 28 = 0
6. The circle x2 + i + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 passes through
(2, 0). Therefore,
Y' 4 + 4g + e = 0 (i)
The intercept on the x-axis is
The coordinates of point A are (a/-fl, a/-fl),

and the coordinates of point B are ( :Ji ' - :Ji ). or

2~i-c =5
4(g2 + 4g + 4) = 25 [By (i)]
Now, from the geometry, A and B are the endpoints of the 9 1
diameter of the circle.
or (2g + 9)(2g - 1) = 0 or g = - 2' 2
Then, the equation of the circle is Since center (-g, -f) lies in the first quadrant, we choose

(x - :Ji)( x - :h) + (y - :h )(y + :h) = 0 g = - 912 so that -g = 912 (positive). Therefore,

e = 14 [From (i)]
or x2 + i-
-flax = 0 The value of t is variable.
Similarly, the circle with C and D as the endpoints of diameter 7. Comparing the given equation with x2 + l + 2gx + 2fy
i
is x2 + + -flax = O. + e = 0, we get g = 5.
With similar arguments, circles with A and C and Band D as Therefore, the length of intercept on the x-axis is
the endpoints of diameter are given by
2yi - e = 2~52- 9 = 8
x2 + i ± -flay = 6 8. The equation of the circle
4. with AB as diameter is
(x - Xj)(x - x2) +
(y - Yj)(y - Y2) = 0 A(Xl'Yl)F---~--"I B(x2,y,)
Since AB subtends an
obtuse angle at (x3, Y3)'
P lies inside the circle.
Therefore,
(x3 - Xj)(x3 - x2) + (Y3 - Yj)(Y3 - Yz) < 0
9. Wehave
Since the circle touches both the coordinate axes and the line /B(6,5)
PB= J(6-2)2+(5-1)2 = 4J2
x = e, there will be in all two such circles with centers Cj and
and PA = 4 (Given)
.r=:
C2 in the first and fourth quadrants,
P(2, 1)
Hence, the diameter of the circle is e. Thus,AB= PB-PA =4( J2 -1)
Therefore, the radius of the circle is el2.
Thus, AB = J2 -1
AP 1
5.200 Mathematics

5. Let (Xl' Yl) be any point on the circle

Hence,h= 6+2(.J2-1) = 2.J2+4 =2+2.J2
2 2
1+(.J2 -1) -fi x +y +2gx+2fy+cl =0
2 2
.. Xl + Yl + 2gXJ + 2fyl + cl == 0 (i)
and k= 5+(.J2-1) = .fi+4 =1+2.J2
The length of the tangent from (Xl' Yl) to the circle
1+(.fi-l) .J2
~ + l+ 2gx + 2fy + c2 == 0 is
The required circle has AB as its diameter.
Hence, its equation is [Using (i)]

(x - 6)(x - 2 - 2 .fi ) + (y - 5)(y - 1 - 2 .fi ) = 0 6. Here, the intersection point of chord and circle can be found by
solving the equation of circle with the equation of given line.
10. The equation of the circle passing through the points of
intersection of the given circles is Therefore, the points of intersection are (-4, - 3) and (24/5, 7/5)
Hence, the midpoint is
(x2 + l + 13x - 3y) + A(2x2 + 21 + 4x - 7y - 25) :: 0 (i)
If this circle passes through the point (1, 1), then
(
24
-4 + 5, -3 + 5' _ (~
7) i)
(1 + 1 + 13 - 3) + A(2 + 2 + 4 - 7 - 25) = 0 2 2 -5'-5
or A= 1.. 7. (a) An equation of the chord of contact of P with respect to
2 the given circle is
Substituting A = 112 in (i), the equation of the required circle 2xh + 2yk - ~ (x + h) + ~ (y + k) - 7 = 0
is 4x2 + 41 + 30x - l3y - 25 :: O.
11. Let the circle be x2 + l
+ 2gx + 2fy + C :: O. or x( 2h - ~) + y( 2k + ~) - ~ h+~ k- 7=0 (i)

Therefore, the intercept on the x-axis is 2 ~ g2 - C .

which should be the same as the given line
9x+ y -18 = 0 (ii)
Also, the intercept on the y- axis is 2 ~ f2 - C . Comparing (i) and (ii), we get
According to the question, 4h - 3 _ 4k + 5 _ 3h _ 5k 14
18 - 2 - + 36
~ g2 _ C = 2 ~ f2 - C Cotpparing the first two ratios, we get
or i-4j2::-3c (i) h-9k== 12 (iii)
Radius = 2 Comparing the first and the last ratio, we get
i+f2-c=4 (ii) h+k=4 (iv)
Eliminating c from (i) and (ii), we get Solving (iii) and (iv) for (h, k), we get
4i-f2= 12 24 -4
Therefore, the locus is 4x2 -l = 12. h= S,k=S

Hence, point P is (24/5, -4/5).

1. Let the equation of the tangent be 8.

x y
71+71=1
i.e., x + y = a (i)
Therefore, the length of perpendicular from the center
(-2, 2) on (i) is equal to the radius, i.e., ~ 4 + 4 - 4.
1-2 + 2-al
So, -{f+f =2

or a=2f2
Hence, the equation of the tangent is x + y :: 2f2.
2. According to the question,
The equation of the chord of contact of tangents drawn from
~ (5)2 + (3)2 + 2(5) + k(3) + 17 = 7
P(4, 3) tox2 + l
= 9 is4x+ 3y=9.
or 61 + 3k = 49 or k =-4 The equation of PO is
3. Normal passes through the center of the circle. 1
y=4x
Hence, the equation of normal is x - Y = O.
4. The equation of tangents will be y = mx or y - mx = 0 Now, OM, i.e., the length of the perpendicular from (0, 0) on
Then, applying the condition for tangency, we get 4x + 3y - 9 = 0 is 9/5. Therefore,
4
-5-4m \=5 QR = 2·QM == 2~OQ2 - OM2 = 2~9 - ~; = 25
\ ~1 +m2
"59 = 5
16
Now, PM = OP - OM == 5 -
or 25 + 16m2 + 40m = 25 + 25m2
or 9m2 - 40m = 0 1(24)(16)
So, Area of MQR ="2 5 5 =
192 sq. units 2s
or m=O, ~
Hints and Solutions S.201

9. Let OA = a and OB = b. 2(-1) + 3 x 3 7

y andk= 2+3 =S
Since tangents at A and B meet
at right angles at P(h, k), OAPB 3. The two circles are x2 + l- 2ax + c2 = 0 and x2 + l- 2by
is a rectangle. Therefore, + c2= o.
Centers: Cj(a, 0), C2(0, b)
OP2 = OB2 + BP2 = h2 + ~
2 2
=a +b a ··n:rj='Ia--c,r2='Ib--C
Rd .~ ·~b2 2

Thus, the locus of Pis Since the two circles touch each other externally, we have
l
x2 + = a2 + b2 CIC2=rj+r2
which is concentric with the given circles.
or
10. y B(O,2k)
or

or c4 = a2b2 _ c2(a2 + b2) + c4

2 2
or a b = c2(a2 + b2) or ~ + ~ = \
a b c
4. The angle of intersection of the two circles is given by
r: + r; - C C I 2
cos8=-----
Let the midpoint of AB be R(h, k). 2rlr2
Then the coordinates of A and Bare (2h, 0) and (0, 2k),
where rl and ": are the radii of the two circles and CjC2 is the
respectively.
distance between their centers. Here,

~* *
The equation of line AB is
x y
2h+2k=1 TI = + =~ = r2
Since this line touches the given circle, we have and CIC2 = 1

lih +-fk-11
.f"I-:-I = 2
lh2 or k2 or

On simplifying, we get the locus as 5. The given circles are

x + y - xy + ~X2 + l = 0
2X2+ 2l- 3x+ 6y + k= 0
x + l- ~x + 3y + ~ = 0 (i)
2
or

and x2 + l- 4x + lOy + 16 = 0 (ii)

1. a. The centers of the circles the Cj (6, 6), and C2(-3, -3). Circles (i) and (ii) cut orthogonally. Then,
Therefore, 2glg2 + 2fd2 = ci + c2
CI C2 = ~ (6 + 3)2 + (6 + 3)2 = 9{i
or 2(--r )(-2)+2(~)5=~+16
The radii of the circles are -f36+ 36, and ~9 + 9 i.e., 6-fi,
k
and 3-fi. or 3 + 15 ="2 + 16 or k = 4
Since 9-fi = 6-fi + 3-fi, the circles touch each other 6. ----J::---
externally.
2. The given circle is
x2 + l- 4x - 6y - 12 = 0 (i)
whose center is CI(2, 3) and radius rj is CIA = 5.

--
--------------'Q-------------
Clearly, the diameter of CI will be the common chord.
Let the common chord be PQ and the center of C2 be A(h, k).
We have AP = 5, PB = 3. Therefore, AB = 4 units, where
B=(1,2).
If C2(h, k) is the center of the circle of radius 3 which touches Using the parametric equation of line, we get
the circle (i) internally at A( -1, -1), then C2A = 3 and h-1 k-2
CjC2 = CIA - CzA = 5 - 3= 2. -3/5 = 4/5 = ±4
7 26 17 6
Thus, C2(h, k) divides CIA in the ratio 2 : 3 internally. or h=-S,k=Sorh=S,k=-S
Therefore,
2(-1)+3x24
h= 2+3 =S
5.202 Mathematics

7.
Hence equation is (x - a)2 + (y _ b)2 = ~.

7. (a) x2 - 8x + 12 = 0 or (x - 6)(x - 2) =0

" l-
14y + 45 = 0 or (y - 5)(y - 9) = 0
:c Thus, the sides of squares are
= =
x 2, x 6, Y 5, Y 9 = =
A x+Y"'s-..f2 Then the center of the circle inscribed in the square will be

Here, OB = Radius = 2 ( 2 ; 6, 5 ; 9 ) ;: (4, 7)

The distance of (0,0) from x + y = 5-v2 is 5.
Therefore, the radius of the smallest circle is (5 - 2)/2 = 312,
8. (e) The given diameter are
and OC = 2 + 3/2 = 7/2. 2x-3y= 5 (i)
. The slope of OA is 1 = tan e. Therefore, and~-~=7 00
cos e= -1, sin e= ~ Solving (i) and (ii), we get
x= l,y=-1

or C;: (0 + OC . cos e, 0 + OC . sin 8) ;: L~,2~ )

Thus (1, -1) is the center. Now,
Area of circle = n?- = 154
154
r: = 22 x 7 = 49
2
or
Hence, the equation of the circle is
(x - 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 49
or x2 + l-
2x + 2y = 47
1. (b) Two centres of each lying on the perpendicular bisector of the 9. (d) The centre of the required circle is the image of the centre
join of the two points. C(-8, 12) of a given circle w.r.t. the line mirror 4x + 7y + 13
2. (a) Circle is x2 + y2 - 2x - 2y + 1 = 0 as centre is (1, 1) and = 0 and radius is radius of the given circle.
radius = 1. Let P(x\,y\) be the image of the point (-8,12) w.r.t. the line
3. (a) Family of circles touching the line 4x + 3 Y - 12 = 0 mirror 4x + 7y + 13 = 0
at point (3, 0) is x\ +8 _ y\-12 _ -2(4(-8)+ 7(12) + 13)
(x - 3)2 + (y - 0)2 + A(4x + 3y - 12) = 0 -4---7-- 42+72
If it passes through the point (-1, -3) then
.• x\ =-16,y\ =-2
(-1 _3)2 + (-3 - 0)2 + A(4(-1) + 3(-3) - 12) =0 Thus, centre and radius of the required circle are (-16, -2)
=> ,1,=1
and 5 respectively.
Hence, equation of circle is (x-3)2 + (y_0)2 + (4x+ 3l'-12) Hence, equation of required circle is
= Oor x2+ y2_2x+ 3y- 3;: O.
(x + 16)2 + (y + 2)2 = 25
4. (b) Centre is (0, -3) and R = ~02 +9+0 = 3· => x2 + l + 32x + 4y + 235 = O.
o 10. (e) We have

x PB= J(6-2)2+(5-1)2 =4J2

and PA=4 (given)
B(6,5)

A(h, k)

Y"
P(2, 1)
5. (c) Clearly circle passes through the pointA(2, 0) and B(7, 0). Thus, AB = PB - PA = 4( J2 - 1)
bisector of AB.

c k)
Center lies on perpendicular
AB J2-1
Thus, -=--
.. Center is a AP 1

(x - iY +
Hence h= 6+2(J2-1)=2J2+4 2+2J2
.. Equation of circle is (y - k)2 = 2: +~ , 1+(J2-1) J2

or x2 + l- 9x- 2ky +14 = 0 and k= 5+(J2-1)=J2+4=1+2J2

6. (b) Ix - al + Iy - bl = 1 is square with center at (a, b) which is 1+(J2-1) J2
center of circle also. The required circle has AB as its diameter.
Distance between two parallel sides of square is J2. Hence, its equation is

. lee iIS J2'

. d circ 1 (x - 6) (x - 2 - 2 J2 ) + (y - 5) (y - 1 - 2 J2 ) = o.
So, radius of the require
Hints and Solutions 5.203

Radius = -flIp I
11. (d) Given 2# = 10 => Igl = 5 and 2Jj2 = 24 => If I = 12
or a='<'2lpl
Therefore, radius is J52 + 122 = 13 . or a2 = 2p2

12. (e) The given circle is 18. (e) Equation of circle touches both axes.
::? + i ~
2x - 6y + 6 = O. .. (x - h)2 + (y _ h)2 = h2

Its center is H(l, 3) and radius is 2.

or x2 +i -2hx - 2hy + h2 = 0
AH=2 It passes through the point (2, 4).
Radius of the required circle = AC . . 4 + 16- 4h - 8h + h2 = 0
=> h2 12h + 20 0
= ~AH2 + CH2 = ~22 + 5 = 3 - =

=> (h - 2)(h - 10) = 0

13. (d) The circle touching the y-axis at (0, 2) is => h=lO
(x - 0)2 + (y - 2)2 + Ax =0
It passes through (-1, 0). Therefore,
19. (e) The line 3kx-2y-l =0 meets x-axis andy-axis atA C~,0)
1+4-A=00rA=5
x2 +l + 5x-4y +4 = 0
andB (0, -±), respectively. Also, the line4x-3y+ 2 =0 cuts
Putting y = 0, we get x = -1,-4.
14. (e) For such triangle, first circle is the incircle and other one is the x-axis and y-axis at C ( -±, 0) and D( 0,~) , respectively.
circumcircle.
Y
Also, the radius of first circle is half of the radius of the second
D
circle.
So, the triangle is equilateral.
Which means that incentre and circumcentre coincide.
Thus, a - 2f3 = 1 and a + f3 = 2
.. (a, f3) == (5/3, 1/3) B

15. (e)
Since the four points are concyclic, we have
OBxOD = OAxOC
=> (1/2)(2/3) = (1/3k)(l/2)
=> k= 1/2
x 20. (d) (8, -2) lies on the circle (x - 5)2 + (y - 2i
= 25 and a chord
making a right angle at (8, -:-2) must be a diameter of the
circle. So they all pass through the centre (5, 2).
21. (a) The equation of the pair oflines is

The four circles are as shown in the figure.

=> (x - 2)2 - i =0
The smallest circle touching all of them has radius -fla - a
=> (x-2) =±y
and the greatest circle touching all of them has radius -Y2 a + a. i.e. x - y = 2 and x + y = 2
The centre of the circle touching the above lines must lie on
16. (a) the angular bisectors of the above lines. Hence, C:: (2, k) (see
figure).
y

P{2,2(J2-1)}
Let the point of intersection of two lines be A.
Angle subtended by PQ on center C
= 2 x Angle subtended by PQ on point A
For x +,{3y = 1, rnl =-II.J3o and for,{3x - y = 2, rn2 =,{3.
Since

rnl x rn2 = -1 ~""= -1,

{3 x ,,3
we get LA = 90°
Therefore, the angle subtended by arc PQ at its center is
2 x 90° = 180°. Thus, we have
17. (a) The distance of the given line from the center of the circle is Ipl. CM=CP
Now, the line subtends right angle at the center. Hence,
S.204 Mathematics

12+k-21 Equation of circle whose centre is at (3, 4) and radius equal

~ 2(h -1)-k to 3 is (x- 3)2+ (y_4)2= 9.
.Ji
Given circle is x2 + = 25.l
k Now, the equation of straight line is the common chord of the
~ ± h= 2(.J2 -1) - k two circles.
~ 6x + 8y = 4l.
24. (a) The two normals are x = 1 and y = 2.
~ k(1±~)=2(.Ji -1) Their point of intersection (1, 2) is the center of the required
circle.
13+ 8 -61
k=2h(.J2-1) Radius = 5 =1
~
-Ii ±1 Therefore, the required circle is
(x - 1)2 + (y - 2)2 = 1
= 2.Ji, 2.Ji (.Ji _1)2
i.e., x2 + l- 2x - 4y + 4 = 0
= 2.J2, 6.Ji - 8 25. (a) 2x - Y + 1 = 0 is a tangent.
22. (b) Slope of line OA = - ~
Y The equation of OA is

(y - 5) = - 21 (x - 2)
or x + 2y = 12
Therefore, intersection with x - 2y = 4 will give the coordinates
of center as (8, 2). Hence,
r = OA = ~ (8 - 2)2 + (2 - 5)2 = 3....[5
26. (d) Normal to the circle always passes through its centre.
l
Center of the circle (x- 3)2 + = 9, (3,0) satisfies the given
line.
27. (a) Let the point be (2, y'), then 22 + y,2 = 13 ~ y' = ± 3
Hence, the required tangents are 2x ± 3y = 13.
28. (c) Clearly, the point (1, 2) is the centre of the given circle and
xI -1 = YI - 2.Ji = 2 (usi infinite tangents can only be drawn on a point circle. Hence,
. -- usmg parametnc. form 0
f straig
. ht
cos 8 sin 8 line) radius should be O.

2 2 29. (b) The line joining (4, 3) and (2, 1) is also along a diameter,
Also, xl + Yl =9
So, the centre is the intersection of the diameter 2x - y = 2 and
On solving, we get
3-1
(1 + 2 cos 8)2 + (2.Ji + 2 sin fl/ =9 y- 3 = 4-2 =(x-4)
7 Solving these, the centre = (1, 0)
cos 8 =-or-1
9 Also, the radius = the distance between (1, 0) and (2, 1) = .J2 .

Then the required point is (-1, 2.Ji), ( 2:, 10~). 30. (a) Equation of circle is
X2 +y2_2x+6y-6=0
(x _1)2 + (y + 3)2 = (4)2
Radius of circles = 4
And centre of circle = (1, - 3)
Equation of tangent 3x - 4y + k = 0
23. (a) 3(l)-4(-3)+k
-r========~ = ±4.
~(3)2 +(-4)2
~ k=5,-35.
31. (b) Let point of contact be P(xl, YI)'
This point lies on line
xl+2YI=-12 ... (i)
Y -1
Gradient of PO = m I= _1_
Xl +1
1
Gradient of x + 2y + 12 = m2 =-..:.
2

- ------------
Hints and Solutions 5.205

The two lines are perpendicular Obviously, the slope of the tangent will be - (b~a), i.e., - :.
.. m,m2=-1
Hence, the equation of the tangent is y = - : x, i.e.,
~ (~:: ~ ) ( -; ) == -1 ~ y, -1 == 2x, + 2
by + ax=O.
37. (e) The center of the circle is (1, 0) and the radius is 1. The line
~ 2x, -y, =-3 ... (ii)
will touch the circle if Icos (J - 21 = 1, i.e., cos (J == 1, 3.
On solving equation (i) and (ii), we get
Thus, cos (J = 1 or (J = 2n11:, n E I.
(Xl' y, ) == (-18 -21) 38. (b) Clearly, (0, 0) lies on director circle of the given circle.
-5-' -5-
Now, the equation of director circle is
X Y (x + g)2 + (y +j)2 = 2(i +f2 - c)
32. (b) Let the tangent be of form - +- = 1and area of.6. formed
x, y, If (0, 0) lies on it, then
by it with coordinate axes is i+l=2(i+l-c)
.!..x,y, == a2 ••• (i) or g2+ l= 2c
2 39. (b) The center of x2 + i-
4x - 4y = 0 is (2, 2).
Again,y,x+x,y-x,y, =0 It is ax + by = 2. Therefore,
Applying conditions of tangency, we get 2a + 2b = 2 or a + b = 1
ax + by = 2 touches ~ + = 1. So, l
- "
xy
= a or (x~ + yn = ~ x2y2
... (ii) 1-1- ~a2 + b2 I
2
~x~ +y~ a
From (i) and (ii), we get x" y, which gives equation oftangent .. a2 + b2 = 4 or a2 + (1- a)2 = 4
asx±y=±a.J2. or 2a2-2a-3=O
2+ -{.f+24 1 ± -ff
33. (e) Centre
.
IS (2, -1). Therefore, r =
13(2)-11
J10 == J1o.
5 .. a= 4 = 2
1±-ff 1+-ff
y .. b=1-a=I-- -= -2-
2
40. (b) Let the tangent be of the form
x y
x,
+ y, = 1 and the area of
triangle formed by it with the coordinate axes be
1
2 xlYI =a
2 (1·)

Again, y,x + x,y - x,y, = 0

Applying the conditions of tangency, we get
y' 1- xlyJ! a or 2 + 2 = xfyf (ii)
~ XlYI a2
Now draw a perpendicular on X - 3y = 0, we get

r= 12-3(-1)1=_5_ From (i) and (ii), we get the value of Xl and y], which gives
J10 J10 the equation of tangent as x ± y = ±a.y2.
34. (e) The line 5x - 2y + 6 = 0 is interested by a tangent at P to the 41. (a) The equations of the tangent

circle x2 + i + 6x + 6y - 2 = 0 on the y-axis at Q(O, 3).

and the normal to x2 + =4 l
at (1, -Y3) are, respectively,
In other words, the tangent passes through (0, 3). Therefore, x + {3y= 4 andy = (3x.
X
PQ = Length of tangent to circle from (0, 3) The tangent meets the x-axis at
(4,0). Therefore,
=.y0+9+0+18-2
Y'
=-Y25=5 Area of .6.0AP =! (4){3
35. (d) From the figure, we have = 2{3 sq. units
y, +6
YI =2x,+ 5 and--8 x 2=-1 42. (a) The point on x = 3 should also be on the director circle
x,+ x2 + y2 = 2 x 8 or x2 + y2 = 16.
or x, = -6 and Yl = - 7 Solvingx= 3,x2 +l=
16, we getx= 3,y=±.J7.
36. (b) 43. (a) The midpoint is the intersection of the chord and perpendicular
Y
line to it from the center (3, -1).
The equation of perpendicular line is 5x + 2y - 13 = o.
Solving this with the given line, we get the point (1, 4).

44. (e) Equation of circles passing through point of intersection of

given two circles is
5.206 Mathematics

x2 + i -8x- 2y + 7 + l\,(x2 + y2 -4x+ lOy + 8) =0 (1) r2 = '1'4 + 25 + 19 = m

Centre of circle is (4 + 2/\" 1- 51\,) . C,C2 = '1'9 + 18 = 3m
Given that the centre lies on the y-axis then 4 + 2A = 0 C,C2=rl+r2
~1\,=-2
Hence, the circles touch externally.
Hence, the required equation is x2 + y2 + 22y + 9 = O. 50. (a) 2gg' + 2ff' = c + c'
45. (a) x2 + l- 2x - 1 + Ax 0 = or 2 x 1 x 0 + 2·k·k = 6 + k
Which is of type S + AL = 0, or 2k2 - k - 6 = 0
Circle passes through points of intersection of x2 + i-2x - 1 or (2k+ 3)(k - 2) = 0
=0 andx=O.
3
~ y=±1 .. k=2'-"2
46. (d) C1C2 = rl + r2 51. (c) The equation of radical axis (i.e., common chord) of the two
C1 ;: (0, 0); C2;: (3..J3, 3) circles is
lOx + 4y - a - b = 0 (i)
and r, = 2, r2 = 4
The center of the first circle is H( -4, -4).
The circles touch each other externally.
Since the second circle bisects the circumference of the first
The equation of common tangent is
circle, the center H( -4, -4) of the first circle must lie on the
..J3x + y - 4=0 (i)
common chord (i). Therefore,
Comparing it with x cos (J + y sin (J = 2, we get (J = 7rl6. -40-16-a-b=0
or a + b = -56
47. (a) For smallest circle OA will become common normal OA = 5
=:>AB = 4. l
52. (a) The center of the circle x2 + = 2x is (1, 0).
The common chord of the other two circles is
Equation of line OA is y = ~ x. 8x - 15y + 26 = 0
The distance from (1,0) to 8x - 15y + 26 = 0 is
Putting this value of 'y' in x2 + i = I, 18+261 =2
2 9x 2
4 ~152 + 82
we get x + - = 1 =:> x = ±- 53. (b) The common chord is S, - S2 = o.
16 5
4x-)1Y+ 1 =0
=:> B == (~, ~) • Thus the required circle is .. AC = Radius of first circle = .J15
A

(X-~}X-4) +(Y-3>(y-~)=0

2 2 24 18._
or x +y --x'--y+;:,=O.
5 5

48. (b) The given circle is

AM= AB = .J6
2
x +2
i-
4x - 6y - 12 = 0 ... (1) eM=3
whose centre is C1(2, 3) and radius r, = CiA = 5. 1-16+11 -3
~16+ )12 -
or )1 = ±3
54. (b) If two circles touch each other, then
C1C2 =r] + r2

~ ~(-gl + g2)2 +(- fi + 12)2 = ~gt + fi2 + ~gi + I}

Squaring both sides, we get

- 2glg2 - 21Ji = 2 ~(gt + f?)(gi + I})

If C2(h, k) is the centre of the circle of radius 3 which touches Again squaring, we get
the circle (I) internally at the pointA(-l, -1), then C2A = 3 (g,hi + (g2fii - 2glgj"Ji = 0
and C,C2 = CIA - C2A = 5 - 3 = 2.
~ (gIl2 - g2fi)2= 0
Thus, Clh, k) divides CiA in the ratio 2 : 3 internally,
7 ~ ~ = fi
h= 2(-1)+3·2 = ~ andk= 2(-1)+3·3
g2 12
2+3 5 2+3 5
55. (b) x"- + l + 4x- 6y- 3 = 0 ...(i)
49. (e) C,;: (-1, -4); C2;: (2,5)
Tangent at (2, 3) is:
r, = '1'1 + 16 + 23 = 2m 2x + 3y + 2(x + 2) - 3 (y + 3) - 3 = 0
Hints and Solutions S.207

or x-2==0 y
Family of circles touching x - 2 == 0 at (2, 3) is given by
(x - 2)2 + (y - 3) 2 + A (x - 2) == 0 ... (ii) .---------~
It passes through (1, 1).
.. 1 +4+ A(-1)== 0
"
or A==5
Putting in equation (ii), we get
(x - 2)2 + (y - 3) 2 + 5 (x - 2) == 0
Also, it touches the given circle x2 + (y - 1)2 = 1, with center
or J +/ + x - 6y + 3 == 0
(0, 1) and radius 1, externally. Therefore,
56. (a) xy-2x-y+ 2 == 0
Distance between centers = Sum of radii
~ (x - 1) (y - 2) == 0
or ~ (h - 0)2 + (k - 1)2 = 1 + Ikl
~ x= 1 andy=2
or 112 + ~ - 2k + 1 = 1 + 21kl + k2
Let the equation of the required circle be
or h2 =
2k+21kl
x2 + / + 2gx + 2ft + c == 0
Therefore, the locus of (h, k) is x2 = 2y + 21yl.
~ Centre == (1,2) (as normal intersect at centre of the circle) Now, if y > 0, it becomes x2 = 4y.
i.e. -g == 1 and -f == 2 Also, if y ~ 0, it becomes x = O.
.. Equation of circle is x2 + / - 2x - 4y + c == 0 Combining the two, the required locus is
{(x,y):J=4y} u {(O,y):y~Ol
This circle intersects the given circle x2 + / + 2x + 4y - 4 == 0
orthogonally. 61. (a)
" 2(-I)(I)+2(-2)(2)=c-4
::::} c==-6
Hence required circle is x2 + /- 2x - 4y - 6 == O.

57. (e) Let AB be the chord with midpoint M(h, k).

As LAOB = 90°,
AB=~22+22 =2...fi
@ Q
2
Let (h, k) be any point in the set. Then the equation of circle
is
(x - 11)2 '+ (y - k)2
But (h, k) lies on x2 +
h2+~=25
=9
l = 25. Therefore,
2 ~ :. 2 ~ Distance between the centers of two circles ~ 8
.. AM=...fi ~~'
or 4 ~ h2 + ~ :S:: 64
By the property of right-angled triangles, A
AM=MB=OM
Therefore, the locus of (h, k) is 4 :s:: x2 + l :s:: 64.
62. (b) Let (11, k) be is centre of circle.
OM == ...fi or h2 + ~ =2
:.Intercept on x-axis = 2 ~h2 - c
58. (b) Let two coplanar points be (0, 0) and (a, 0). Under given
conditions, we get Intercept on y-axis = 2 ~ e- c
~x2+1
A, (J... *- 1) (where J... is any number) ~112 -c =2~e-c
~(x-a)2 +l
112 - 4~ =-3c (1)
Now, radius = 2
=> x2+l+ (+-)(a2-2ax)=0
A -1 h2 + k?- - c = 4 (2)
which is the equation of a circle. From (1) and (2), we get
59. (b) Let a triangle has its three vertices as (0, 0), (a, 0), (0, b). 4x2-1= 12
We have the moving point (h, k) such that
63.(e) Here 2~g2-c ==2a~i-a2-c==0 ...(1)
112+ k?- + (11 - a)2 + k2 + 112 + (k - b)2 == C
and it passes through (0, b), therefore
=> 3h2 + 3k2 - 2a11- 2bk + a2+ b2 == c
b2 + 2jb + c == 0 ...(2)
Therefore, 3x2 + 31- 2ax - 2by + a2 + b2 == c On adding (1) and (2), we get i
+ 2jb == a2 - b2
2 2 2
Hence, locus is x + 2 by == a - b •
Its centre is ( ~, ~ ) , which is centroid of triangle. 64. (a) Equation of chord of contact is T == hx + ky - a2 == O.
This chord touches the circle x 2 + Y 2 - 2 ax == 0
60. (d) Let the center ofthe circle C be (h, k). ah+ 0 - a2
~ a== --;==~
Then, as this circle touches the axis of x, its radius is Ikl· ~h2 + h2
S.208 Mathematics

~ h2 + k2 =(h _ a)2 Since, circle touches the circle x2 + l = 8, equation of

~ ~=a(a-2h) common tangent is 2gx + 2fy + 8 = O.
~ The locus is y2 = a(a - 2x). hi . 8 I 2 t;:;2 0+0+4
a so, so ± "L. = ~
2 2
T IS IS tangent to x- + Y =

Therefore, locus of centre a is x2 + l = 2.

vg + /
2

69. (b)

2x- Y-l
Obviously, the locus of the center is a line perpendicular to the
65. (b) Let the coordinates of A be (x, y) and M be (a, fJ> given line.
Since AM is parallel to OX,
Hence, the locus is
y k- 1 1
h _ 1 = - 2' or x + 2y = 0

70.(a) Anypointonlinex+y=25isP=(a,25-a),aE R
Equation of chord AB is T = 0, i.e., xa + y(25 - a) = 9 ... (1)
If mid-point of chord AB is C(h, k), then equation of chord
AB is T= Sl i.e., xh + yk = h2 + k2 ••• (2)
Comparing the ratio of coefficients of (1) and (2), we get
a 25-a 9 a+25-a 25
-=--=--
h k ~+~ h+k h+k
Thus, locus of 'C' is 25 (x2 + = 9(x + y). l)
a = x + a and 13 = y ~ x = a - a and y = 13 71. (c) Let D(x, y) be the mid-point of AB,
As A(x, y) lies on the circle x2 + l = a2, we have where AB = 2c. We have
(a- a)2 + 132 = a2 ~ cl- - 2aa+ 132 = 0 CD2 + AD2 =AC2•
~ locus of M(a, fJ> is';' +l= 2ax. ~ (x + a)2 + (y + b)2 + c2 = a2 + b2 - C
66. (b) Let point M be (h, k), then B is the mid-point of AM which ~ x2+y2+2ax+2by+c2+c=O A
lies on the circle

GJ +4(~)+(k;3 -3J =0
or (~ = ~)( kh-_02) =-1
h2 8h (k_3)2 Hence, the locus is
-+-+--=0
4 4 4 x2 + l-
5x - 4y + 6 = O. (h, k)

~ x2 + y2 + 8x - 6y + 9 = 0, which is a circle. 73. (c) The locus of the center of the circle cutting Sl and =°
S2 = 0 orthogonally is the radical axis between SI == 0 and
S2 = 0, i.e., SI - S2 = 0 or 9x - lOy + 11 = O.

74. (a)

M
X'
•....
-----If--
o
67. (b) Since hx + ky = 1 touches x2 + y2 = a2
Slope of the given line =- ~
~ 1~I=a
or (~)(~:~)=-1
~ h2+~= ~
or 15 + Sf 4 + 2g =
a2 Therefore, the locus is 2x - 5y + 11 = O.
Hence, locus of (h, k) is x2 + l = 1/a2, which is a circle of 75. (d) 2PQ = PA + PB
radius 1/a. or PQ - PA = PB - PQ
68. (b) Let required equation of circle be or AQ= QB
l
x2 + + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
Therefore, Q is the
midpoint of AB. ---\;----:~-7
P(~3,~5~)
., c=o
Let Q has coordinates (h, k).
Hints and Solutions 5.209

Then the equation of chord AB is given by

Radius of the given circle = .J1O = OQ = OP
T=S,
or hx + ky - 4 = h2 + k2 - 4 PQ = 2QL= 2 JOQ2_0L2 = 2JlO - 5 = 2J5
This variable chord passes through the point P(3, 5). Therefore,
Thus, the area of IJ.OPQ=.!.XPQXOL=.!.X2J5 xJ5=5.
3h + 5k=h2+~ 2 2
or x2 + l- 3x - 5y = 0
which is the required locus.

76. (b) Let P(2 cos 8,2 sin 8), Q (- 2 cos 8, - 2 sin 8)
.. a[3= 12cos 8 + 2 sin 8 - 111- 2 cos () - 2 sin 8 - 11
2 :.JSx+2y=3..JS
14(cos 8 + sin 8)2 - 1i 7
= <-
2 2
81. (b)
2 1
77. (c) From the figure, sin O = 4" ="2 :. 0 = 30°

So, ar(MOA) = .!. x 2 x 4 x sin 60°

2
A
x

Clearly, A (-2cos60°, 2 sin 60°) and

=
B (2 cos 60°, -2 sin 60°).
=
The tangent at A is x( -2 cos 60°) + y (2 sin 60°) = 4 and the
tangent at B is x(2cos 60°) + y(-2 sin 60°) = 4.
artquad- PAOB) = 2 x.!. x 2 x 4sin60° = 8 x .J3 = 4.J3
2 2 82. (a) Equation of chord of contact is T== hx + ky - a2 = O.
This chord touches the circle x2 + y2 - 2ax = 0
78. (c) Slope of " ="21 y ah+ 0 - a2
=? a = ----c==~
Slope of 12=-2 Jh2 + h2
The equation of 12is =? h2+k2 =(h-al
y = -2(x - 10) =? ~=a(a-2h)
(-10,0) (10,0) X =? The locus is y2 = a(a - 2x).
or y+2x=20
Hence, t= 20

79. (b) If (a, f3) is the center, then

(a - 1)2 + ([3- 3)2 = (a - 3)2 + ([3- 1)2 (i)
[3-3 [3-1
and --1' --3 =-1
a- a-
or (a-1)(a- 3) + ([3-1)([3- 3) =0 (ii)
From (i),
4a-4[3= 0
" a= [3
From (ii), 83. (c) Centre of circle (1, 2)
2 (a-1)(a- 3) =0 Since LAPB = !!..
.. a= 1, 3 2
" (a, f3) == (1, 1), (3, 3) =? LACB = !!.. =? LDCB= !!..
80. (c) Length of perpendicular from origin to the line 2 4

xJ5 +2y =3J5 is =? CD = CB . cos !!.. = 2 = .fi

4 .fi 12-2+cl
OL = 3J5 = 3J5 = J5 =? .fi = distance of C from the line y = 2x + c = J4+i
J(J5f + 22 .J9 =? lei = .J1O .
4+1
S.210 Mathematics

84. (d) Let the circle be

OA = OB ""radius "" ~ and AB =5
x2+y2+2gx+2JY+c""0 ... (i) J2
It cuts the circle x 2 + Y 2 - 20 x + 4 = 0 orthogonally.
.. 2(-lOg+Oxf)=c+4 ~ LAOB=!!.- ~ LOAB=45°
~ -20g=c+4 ... (ii) 2
Circle (i) touches the line x = 2, i.e., x + Oy - 2 = 0 AgainPA =4,PB= 3 andAB= 5 ~ LBPA =900
Let LPAB = e.
.. !-g+0-2!=Jg2 + f2-c
~12 +02 Then or = OA
2
+ Ar- 2· OA . AP cos (45 ± e) 0

~ (g+2)2""g2+l-c
~ 4g+4=l-c ... (iii) = 25 + 16 - 2~4_1_ (cos e =+= sin 8)
Eliminating c from (ii) and (iii), we get
2 F2 F2
-16g+4=f+4~l+ 16g=0
=57 -20(~+~)= 49 or"!"
Hence, the locus of (-g, -I) is l- 16x = O. 2 5 5 2 2
85. (e) Let the second circle be x2 + l + 2gx + 2fy "" O.
88. (a)
The common chord has the equation
y
2(g - 3) x + 2(j- 4) y + 7 ""O.
But y = x touches the circle.
Hence, ~ + ~ + 2gx + 2fx = 0 has equal roots, i.e.,f + g ""0
Therefore, the equation of the common chord is
2(g - 3)x + 2(-g- 4)y + 7 == O.
or (--6x - 8y + 7) + g(2x - 2y) ""0, which passes through the
point of intersection of --6x - 8y + 7 = 0 and 2x - 2y = 0 which
is (1/2, 112).

86. (b) x2 + l= ? is a circle with center at (0, 0) and radius

r units. Let the slope of the chord through point (7, I) be m.
Any arbitrary point P on it is (r cos e, r sin e) choosing Thus, equation of line is
A and Bas (-r, 0) and (0, -r), respectively. y-I =m(x-7)
For the locus of the centroid of MBP, or mx-y+ 1-7m=0
y
Perpendicular distance from (0, 0) "" ~
2
17m-II 5
2
JI+m

~ (7m - Ii 2
= 25(1 + m )

49m - 14m + 1 = 25 + 25m2

2
~
B(O,-r) ~ 24m2-14m-24=0
~ mlm2=-1
r cos e- r r sin e- r)_
( 3 ' 3 = (x,y) 89. (b) The equation of the circle is
or r cos e-
r == 3x and r sin r = 3y e- ~ + l- 2x - 4y - 20 = 0
e
or r cos = 3x + rand r sin = 3y + r e Center == (1, 2) and radius = -v1+ 4 + 20 = 5
Squaring and adding, we get (3x + r) 2 + (3y + r)2 = r2, which
is a circle. The equation of tangent at (1, 7) is

87. (d) x . 1 + Y . 7 - (x + 1) - 2(y + 7) - 20 = 0

or y-7=0 (i)
P
Similarly, the equation of tangent at (4, -2) is
4x - 2y - (x + 4) - 2(y - 2) - 20 = 0
or 3x - 4y - 20 = 0 (ii)
Hints and Solutions S.211

For point C, solving (i) and (ii), we get x = 16 and y = 7. Applying the condition of orthogonality for (i) andfii), we get
Therefore, 2(A.- 1) x I + 2 (3A.; 2) x (-1) = A+ 2 + (-3)
C=(16,7)
Now, clearly, [2g)g2 + 2fdi = c) + C2]
ar(quad. BCDA) = 2 x ar(MBC) or 2A.-2-3A.-2=A.-l
or 2A.=-3
=2 x tXAB xBC or A.=_l
2
=ABxBC Substituting this value of A. in (i), we get the required circle as
where AB = Radius of circle = 5
andBC= 15
; +; - 5x-~y +t=o
:. ar(quad. ABCD) = 5 x 15 = 75 sq. units . 25 25 1 .J1l7
Radius= -+---=--
90. (d) 4 16 2 4
93. (b) Centre lies on the line 2x - 2y + 9 = O.

So let coordinate of centre be (h' 2h; 9) .

Let the radius of circle be 'r',

So equation of circle is

(X_h)2+ (y_ 2h;9J =;

; + ; - 2hx - y(2h + 9) + 2h2 + 9h - ; +~ =0
4
Above circle cuts orthogonally the circle; +; = 4.
From the figure, 5; = 16 + ;
.. ;=4 so 2h2 + 9h + 65 -; =0
4
.. r=2
:. Area between the circles is n(5;) - n(;) = 4nY = 16n or 2h2+9h-;=- 65
4
91. (c) Square oflength of tangents from point P to the circles are
So equation of required circle is:
L) = x)2 + y)2 _ a2 ; + ; - 2hx - y(2h + 9) + 4 = 0
L2=X)2+y)2_b2 (; +; - +
9y+ 4) h (-2y- 2x) = 0
So this circle always passes through points of intersection of
L3=X)2+y)2_C2
; + ; - 9y + 4 = 0 and x + y = O.
L), L2, L3 are in A.P.
Therefore fixed points are (-4, 4) and (- ~, ~).
a2, b2, c2 are in A.P.
92. (a) We are given that line 2x + 3y + I = 0 touches the circle
S=Oat(I,-I). ARCHIVES

1. (c)

So, the equation of this circle can be given by

(x - 1i + (y + 1)2 + A(2x + 3y+ I) = 0, A. E R
[Here, (x - 1)2 + (y + 1 i = 0 represents a point circle at 1
(1, -1).]
From the figure, OB = 1, OD = ..fi
or x2 + ; + 2x(A - 1) + y(3A. + 2) + (A. + 2) = 0 (i)
Also OD= Im(O)-O+11
But this circle is orthogonal to the circle the extremities of , 2+1 Jm
whose diameter are (0,3) and (-2, -1), i.e.,
x(x + 2) + (y - 3) (y + 1) = 0 So wehave Im(O)-O+11 I
or x2 +; + 2x - 2y - 3 = 0 (ii)
, Jm 2+ I ..fi
m=± 1
S.212 Mi\thematics

2. (a) Given equation of circle is Sl : x2 + / = 25 Circle circumscribes the triangle ABC and has center at (0, 0).
Let S be the set of circles which have centers on this circle AD=3a
and radius 3. 2
OA = -x3a=2a
3
:. radius of circle, OA = 2a

Thus, equation of circle is X2 + / = 4a2•

5. (a) Circles intersect if 1rl - r21 < Cl C2

=? Ir - 31 < 5 =? 0 < r < 8 (i)

and + r2 > ClC2

rl
=? r+3>5=?r>2 (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
2<r<8

6. (c) rc? = 154 =? r= 7 (using 1[= ~2)

For the centre, on solving equations 2x - 3y = 5 and 3x - 4y

Center of one of the such circle is R.
=7, we get
In the figure, OP= OR -PR = 5- 3 =2
x=l,y=-1
Also OQ = OR + RQ = 5 + 3 = 8 So the centre is (1, - 1).
The equation of the circle is
As shown in the figure, all the points lying inside these circles
(x - 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 72
have distances from origin between 2 and 8.
=? x2+/-2x+2y=47
So all the points in set S satisfy 4 :0:; x2 + / :0:; 64.
7. (b) Let the equation of circle be
3. (b) , x2 + / + 2gx + 2JY + c = 0
Y
It cuts the circle X2 + / = 4 orthogonally if
2g x 0 +2fx 0 = c-4
=? c=4
:. The equation of the circle is
x2 +/ +
2gx+ 2fy+4 = 0
Since, it passes through the point (a, b),
a2 + b2 + 2ag + 2bf + 4 = 0
The locus of the centre (-g, -f) will be
a2+ b2 - 2xa - 2yb + 4 = 0
2 2
=? 2ax + 2by - (a + b + 4) = 0
8. (a) In a circle, AB is a diameter where the coordinates of A are
(p, q). Let the coordinates of B be (xl' Yl)'
The equation of the circle in diameter form is
(x-p) (X-Xl) + (y-q) (Y-Yl) = 0
From the figure, we get

~(~r +A
2
=~=?}d~

Hence, the centres of the circles are

=? X2- (p + Xl) X + pXl + /-
=? X2-(P+Xl)X+/-(Yl
(Yl + q) Y + qYl = 0
+q)y+pxl
Since this circle touches the x-axis,
y=O
+qYl =0

x2 - (P + Xl) X + PXl + qYl = 0

(~>± ~) =?
Also the discriminant of the above equation will be equal to
zero because the circle touches the x-axis. Therefore,
4. (c)
A (p + Xj)2 = 4 tpx, + qYl)
=? i + x: + 2PXl = 4PXl + 4qYl
2 2
=? X,-2pXl +p =4qYl
Therefore, the locus of the point B is
(x - p)2 = 4qy,
Alternative Method:
Circle passes through the point A(P, q) and touches x-axis.
Other end of diameter through A is B(h, k).

---.-----
Hints and Solutions S.213

B.(b) 8, =x2+1+2ax+cy+a=0
. C (P+h
Now center IS -2-' q+k) .
-2-
82 = x2 + 1- 3ax + dy -1 = 0
The equation of the radical axis (common chord) of 81 and 82
:. radius, CP= q+k is
2 • 8, -82 = 0
y ~ 5ax+(c-d)y+a+ 1 =0
Given that 5x + by - a = 0 passes through P and Q. Therefore,
Q_c-d_a+l
1-b--a
~ a+l=-a2
~ a2+a+l=0
Hence, there is no real value of a.
12. (d)
y
Also diameter AB = ~(p_h)2 +(q_k)2

Cp=AB
2

.. q+k = ~(p_h)2+(q_k)2
2 2
(q + ki = (P - h)2 + (q - k)2
(h_p)2= 4qk
Locus is (x _ p)2 = 4qy
9. (a) The lines 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 and 3x - y - 4 = 0 are diameters of The equation of a circle with centre (0, 3) and radius 2 is
the circle. x2 + (y-3i =4
On solving these equations, we get Let the center of the variable circle be (ex, fJ).
x= 1,y=-1 Since, it touches the x-axis, its equation is
Therefore, the centre of the circle is (1, -1) and the (x - ai + (y - /3)2= f32
cirumference is IOn. So The circles touch externally. So
Zttr= IOn
~ r=5
~«+ (f3-3)2 =2 + f3
Therefore, the equation of the circle is ~ d+(f3-3)2=/f+4+4f3
(x-xJ2 + (Y_YI)2 =? ~ d= 10 (f3- 1/2)
~ (x-1)2+(y+li=52 Therefore, the locus is
~ ~ + 1 - 2x + 1+ 2y + 1 = 25 x2 = 10 (y - 112), which is a parabola.
~ x2 + 1- 2x + 2y -23 = 0 13. (d) Let the centre be (a, fJ). Since it cuts the circle x2 + 1= l
10. (a) The equation of the line is orthogonally,
y=x (i) 2 (- a) x 0 + 2 (- fJ) x 0 = cl _ p2

and the equation of the circle is ~ cl=l

~+1-2x=0 (ii)
:. the equation of the circle is
On solving (i) and (ii), we get
x2+x2_2x=0 x2 + 1-2ax -2f3y + p2 = 0
It passes through (a, b). So
~ Y-2x=O~ 2x(x-1)=0
a2 + b2 -zoa -2f3b + l =0
~ x=O,x=l Hence, the locus of (a, fJ) is
When x = O,y= O.
2ax + 2by - (a2 + b2 + p2) = 0
When x = 1,y= l.
14. (d) The point of intersection of 3x - 4y - 7 = 0 and 2x - 3y - 5
:. the coordinates of A are (0, 0) and the coordinates of Bare
= 0 is (1, - 1), which is the centre of the circle.
(1, 1).
Area, ~ =49 tt r. r= 7
Therefore, the equation of the circle (with AB as a diameter)
Therefore, the equation is
is
(x-XI) (X-X2) + (Y-YI) (Y-Y2) = 0
(x - 1)2 + (y + 1 = 49i
~ (x - O)(x - 1) + (y - 0) (y - 1) = 0 ~ x2 +1-2x+ 2y-47 = 0

~ x(x-1)+y(y-1)=0
~ x2+/-x-y=0
S.214 Mathematics

15. (d) ~ x2+l-(5/2)x+ 1 =0 ... (i)

Therefore A lies on a circle.
Similarly B, C are also lies on the same circle.
Hence, the circumcentre of ABC is centre of circle (i) which
is (5/4, 0).
20. (e) The circle is
x2 +l- 4x - 8y - 5 = 0
Its centre is (2, 4) and radius is -..14 + 16 + 5 = 5
If the circle intersects the line 3x -'- 4y = m at two distinct
C(h, k) is mid point of chordAB which subtends angle 2m3 at points, then the length of the perpendicular from the centre is
the center. less than the radius, i.e.,
From the figure, OC = OAcos60° 16-16-ml
.. 40C2= OA2 5 <5
.. 4(h2+e)=9
=> 110+ml<25
:. required locus is x2 + = 9/4 l
16. (b) The equation of the circle is => - 25 < m + 10 < 25
(x - hi + (y - k)2 = ~ C: circle touches x-axis) => -35<m<15
It passes through (-1, 1), then 21. (e)
(-1 - hi + (1- ki =~ y
=> h2+2h-2k+2=0
Since h is real
=> D~O
=> 4-4(-2k+2)::::0
=> 2k-1~0=>k~1I2
17. (e) The centre is (-1, -2).
Let (a, fJ) be the diametrically opposite to the point P. So
a+1=_1
2
f3+0
and -2-=-2

(a, fJ) == (-3,--4)

The figure is self-explanatory. Clearly c = lal
18. (a) The given circles are
22. (a)
S = x2 + l + 3x + 7y + 2p - 5 = 0 and
S' = x2 + l + 2x + 2y - p2 = O.
The equation of the required circle is
S+AS'=O
As it passes through (1,1)
(7 + 2p) + A,(6 - i) = 0
A,= (7 + 2p)
• 0" (6- p2)
Circle touches x-axis at (1, 0).
If 7 + 2p = 0, it becomes the second circle.
So, center of circle is (1, k) and radius is k.
Hence, it is true for all values ofp.
Hence, equation of circle is:
19. (b) P(l, 0) ; Q(-l, 0)
(x-li+(y-ki=~
Let A = (x,y)
It passes through the point (2, 3), so
AP BP CP (2 - Ii + (3 - k)2 = ~
-=-=-=-
AQ BQ CQ 3 " 1 +9-6k+~=~
k= 5/3
~ 3AP=AQ
:. diameter = 2k = 10/3
~ 9Ar=Aif
~ 9 (x - 1 i + 91 = (x + 1)2 + l

- ~- --~-------
Hints and Solutions S.215

23. (e) Let centre C(3, k) 25. (e) C1;;;; (2,3), rl= 5
y Cz;;;; (-3, - 9), r2= 8

C1C2= J25+144 = 13
C1Cz=rl+ r2
~ circles touch externally.
~ 3 common tangents
26. (e)
(1, -2)

As circle touches X-axis

=:} r=k
So, circle is (x - 3i + (y - ki = ~
Given that it passes through (1, -2).
4 + (k + 2)2 = k2
~ 4+~+4k+4=~
~ 4k=-8
~ k=-2
Circle is (x - 3)2 + (y + 2)2 =4
Let (h, k) be the centre of the circle which touch x-axis and x2
Obviously (5, -2) satisfy the above equation. +/- 8x- 8y-4 = 0 externally.

24. (d) ~ Radius of that circle is Ikl

~ (h - 4)2 + (k- 4)2 = (Ikl + 6)2
~ x2-8x-20y-4=Oify:2:0
and x2-8x+4y-4=Oify<O
~ The curve is parabola
27. (a)

According to the figure

(1 + y)2 = (1 _ y)2+ 1 (y> 0)

1
~ y=-
4 Let 'r' be the radius of circle S

~ r= 5/3