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2 views

Advanced OOP Java Fixed

Uploaded by

whitneygeorge5000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Advanced OOP Concepts in Java (OOP II)

1. Inheritance

Inheritance allows one class to acquire the properties and methods of another

class.

Key Terms:

- Superclass (Parent): The class being inherited from.

- Subclass (Child): The class that inherits.

Example:

class Animal {

void eat() {

System.out.println("This animal eats food.");

class Dog extends Animal {

void bark() {

System.out.println("The dog barks.");

Main:

Dog dog = new Dog();

dog.eat(); // Accessing inherited method

dog.bark(); // Accessing method from Dog class


Features:

- 'super' keyword: Used to call a parent class's methods or constructors.

Example:

class Parent {

void show() {

System.out.println("Parent class method");

class Child extends Parent {

void show() {

super.show(); // Calls Parent's show() method

System.out.println("Child class method");

2. Polymorphism

Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class.

Compile-Time Polymorphism (Method Overloading):

class Calculator {

int add(int a, int b) {

return a + b;

double add(double a, double b) {

return a + b;

}
Runtime Polymorphism (Method Overriding):

class Animal {

void sound() {

System.out.println("Some sound");

class Dog extends Animal {

@Override

void sound() {

System.out.println("Bark");

Main:

Animal animal = new Dog();

animal.sound(); // Outputs: Bark

3. Abstraction

Abstraction hides implementation details while exposing the essential

functionalities.

Abstract Class:

abstract class Shape {

abstract void draw();

void info() {

System.out.println("This is a shape.");

}
}

class Circle extends Shape {

void draw() {

System.out.println("Drawing a circle.");

Interface:

interface Flyable {

void fly();

class Bird implements Flyable {

public void fly() {

System.out.println("Bird is flying.");

Default and Static Methods in Interfaces (Java 8):

interface Vehicle {

default void start() {

System.out.println("Vehicle is starting.");

static void stop() {

System.out.println("Vehicle stopped.");

}
4. Encapsulation

Encapsulation ensures that the internal state of an object is protected from

unintended changes.

Example:

class Person {

private String name;

public String getName() {

return name;

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

5. Inner Classes

Static Nested Class:

class Outer {

static class Nested {

void display() {

System.out.println("Static nested class.");

Non-Static Inner Class:

class Outer {
class Inner {

void display() {

System.out.println("Inner class.");

Anonymous Inner Class:

interface Greeting {

void sayHello();

Greeting greet = new Greeting() {

public void sayHello() {

System.out.println("Hello!");

};

greet.sayHello();

6. Generics

Generics allow you to write type-safe code.

class Box<T> {

private T item;

public void set(T item) {

this.item = item;

public T get() {

return item;
}

Main:

Box<String> box = new Box<>();

box.set("Hello");

System.out.println(box.get()); // Outputs: Hello

7. Exception Handling in OOP

Custom Exceptions:

class CustomException extends Exception {

CustomException(String message) {

super(message);

Main:

try {

throw new CustomException("This is a custom exception.");

} catch (CustomException e) {

System.out.println(e.getMessage());

8. Design Patterns

Singleton Pattern:

Ensures a class has only one instance.

class Singleton {

private static Singleton instance;

private Singleton() {}
public static Singleton getInstance() {

if (instance == null) {

instance = new Singleton();

return instance;

Factory Pattern:

class ShapeFactory {

static Shape getShape(String type) {

if (type.equals("Circle")) return new Circle();

else if (type.equals("Rectangle")) return new Rectangle();

return null;

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