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Computer Network LEC-09

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10 views

Computer Network LEC-09

Uploaded by

happyfour381
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COMPUTER NETWORK

 A network consists of two or more computers that are linked to


share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow
electronic communications.
 The aim of the computer network is the sharing of resources among
various devices.
 Every network involves hardware and software that connects
computers and tools.
COMPUTER NETWORK DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS OF NETWORK
NIC (NETWORK INTERFACE CARD)

 NIC is a device that helps the computer to communicate with


another device.
 The network interface card contains the hardware addresses, the
data-link layer protocol uses this address to identify the system on
the network so that it transfers the data to the correct destination.
TYPES OF NIC

 There are two types of NIC


 Wireless NIC
 All modern laptops use a wireless NIC. In a Wireless NIC, a
connection is made using an antenna that employs radio wave
technology.
 Wired NIC:
 Cables use the wired NIC to transfer the data
over the medium.
HUB

 Hub is a central device that splits the network connection into


multiple devices.
 When computer requests for information from a computer, it sends
the request to the Hub. Hub distributes this request to all the
interconnected computers.
NETWORK SWITCH

 Switch is a networking device that groups all the devices over the
network to transfer the data to another device.
 A switch is better than Hub as it does not broadcast the message over
the network, i.e., it sends the message to the device to which it
belongs to.
 Therefore, we can say that switch sends the message directly from
the source to the destination
NETWORK CABLES

 Cable is a transmission media that transmits communication


signals.
 There are three types of cables:
• Twisted pair cable:
It is a high-speed cable that
transmits the data over 1Gbps or more.
NETWORK CABLES

 Coaxial cable: Coaxial cable resembles a TV installation cable.


Coaxial cable is more expensive than twisted pair cable, but it
provides a high data transmission speed.
 Fibre optic cable:
➢ Fibre optic cable is a high-speed cable that transmits the data using
light beams. It provides high data transmission speed as compared
to other cables. It is more expensive as compared to other cables, so
it is installed at the government level.
ROUTER AND MODEM

 Router is a device that connects the LAN to the internet. The router
is mainly used to connect the distinct networks or connect the
internet to multiple computers.

 Modem
 Modem connects the computer to the internet over the existing
telephone line. A modem is not integrated with the computer
motherboard. A modem is a separate part on the PC slot found on the
motherboard.
SERVERS AND CLIENT

 Servers are computers that hold shared programs, files, and the
network operating system. Servers allow access to network
resources to all the users of the network.

 Clients are computer devices which access and uses the network
as well as shares network resources. They are also users of the
network, as they can send and receive requests from the server.
ACCESS POINT

 Access points allow devices to connect to the wireless network


without cables.
 A wireless network allows you to bring new devices and provides
flexible support to mobile users.

LOCAL OPERATING SYSTEM

 A local OS which helps personal computers to access files, print to


a local printer and uses one or more disk and CD drives which are
located on the computer.
NETWORK OPERATING SYTEM

 The network operating system is a program which runs on


computers and servers.
 It allows the computers to communicate via network.
UNIQUE IDENTIFIER OF NETWORK

 Hostname
 Every device of the network is associated with a unique device,
which is called hostname.
 IP Address
 IP (Internet Protocol) address is as a unique identifier for each
device on the Internet. Length of the IP address is 32-bits. IPv6
address is 128 bits.
 DNS Server
 DNS stands for Domain Name System. It is a server which
translates URL or web addresses into their corresponding IP
addresses.
UNIQUE IDENTIFIER OF NETWORK

 MAC Address
 MAC (Media Access Control Address) is known as a physical
address is a unique identifier of each host and is associated with the
NIC (Network Interface Card). General length of MAC address is :
12-digit/ 6 bytes/ 48 bits
 Port
 Port is a logical channel which allows network users to send or
receive data to an application. Every host can have multiple
applications running. Each of these applications are identified using
the port number on which they are running.
GOALS OF COMPUTER NETWORK

• Programs do not have to execute on a single system because of


resource and load sharing

• Reduced costs – Multiple machines can share printers, tape drives,


and other peripherals

• Reliability – If one machine fails, another can take its place


GOALS OF COMPUTER NETWORK

• Scalability (it’s simple to add more processors or computers)

• Communication and mail (people living apart can work together)

• Information Access (remote information access, access to the


internet, e-mail, video conferencing, and online shopping)

• Interactive Entertainment (online games, videos, etc.)

• Social Networking
TYPES OF NETWORK

 THERE ARE TWO MAIN TYPES OF NETWORK

 LAN LOCAL AREA NETWORK


 WAN WIDE AREA NETWORK
LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK)

 Any network that exists within the single building or block is called local
area network.
LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK)

 A local area network is a data communication system consisting of


several devices such as computers and printers.
 This type of network contains computers that are relatively near to
each other and are physically connected using wires or wireless
media.
 A LAN can consist of two or three computers or it can include
hundreds of computers of different kinds.
WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK)

 Typically in WAN two or more LANs are connected, generally


across a wide geographical area.
 As the name suggests, the Wide Area Network (WAN) covers a
wide area that may span across provinces and even a whole
country. Generally, telecommunication networks are Wide Area
Networks.
HYBRID NETWORK

 Between LAN and WAN structures you will find hybrid networks
such as

 MANs Metropolitan area Network


 CANs Campus Area Network
 HANs Home Area Network
MAN (METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK)

 The metropolitan area network is a large-scale network that connects


multiple LANs.
 MAN is generally not won by a single Organization.
 MANs can also provide a shared connection
to other networks using a WAN Link.
CAN (CAMPUS AREA NETWORK)

 A Campus network follows the same principle as a local area network, only
on a large and diversified scale.
 With the CANs different campus offices and organizations can be linked.
 University network is an example of CANs.
HOW NETWORK STRUCTURED

 Network can be categorized by the roles the servers and PCs.


 Some network use servers and some do not.
SERVER-BASED NETWORK

 Tounderstand a server-based network, it is important to know the


meaning of the term node in a network.
 A node is a processing location that can be a PC or some other
device like printer etc.
 Generally a server-based network has
many nodes and one server.
CLIENT/SERVER NETWORK

 One popular type of network is server based network is client


server network where individual computer share the processing
and storage workload with a central server.
 This arrangement requires special software for nodes and servers.
PEER TO PEER NETWORK

 In a peer-to-peer network sometimes called a workgroup, all nodes


on the network have equal relationships to all others, and all have
similar types of software that support the sharing of resources.
 In a typical peer-to-peer network each node has access to at least
some of the resources on all nodes.
USES OF NETWORK

• Helps you to share resource such as printers


• Allows you to share expensive software’s and database among
network participants
• Provides fast and effective communication from one computer to
another computer
• Helps you to exchange data and information among users via a
network.
ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER NETWORK

• Helps you to connect with multiple computers together to send


and receive information when accessing the network.
• Helps you to share printers, scanners, and email.
• Helps you to share information at very fast speed
• Electronic communication is more efficient and less expensive
than without the network.
DISADVANTAGES OF NETWORK

• Investment for hardware and software can be costly for initial set-up
• If you don’t take proper security precautions like file encryption, firewalls
then your data will be at risk.
• Some components of the network design may not last for many years, and
it will become useless or malfunction and need to be replaced.
• Requires time for constant administration
• Frequent server failure and issues of regular cable faults

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