Project Synopsis

on

Smart Sanitation System for Western Public Toilets

Submitted as partial fulfillment for the award of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
DEGREE
in
Mechanical Engineering
By

Project Group: ME 706-G01

0198ME211031 MD ASIF KHAN
0198ME211003 ABDUL MOTALIB
0198ME211031 MD ARMAN AHMAD
0198ME211051 SALMAN KHURSHID

Under the guidance of

Dr. Rahul Agrawal
Session:2021-25 (VII Semester)

Prestige Institute of Management and Research Bhopal

Affiliated to
Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.

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 Student’s Declaration

I / We hereby declare that the work being presented in this report entitled ”
“Smart sanitation system for western public toilets” is an authentic record of my our
own work carried out under the supervision of D r . R a h u l A g r a w a l .

The matter embodied in this report has not been submitted by me / us for the award of
any other degree

Enrollment Number Name of Student Signature

0198ME211031 MD ASIF KHAN --------------------------------

0198ME211003 ABDUL MOTALIB --------------------------------

0198ME211030 MD ARMAN AHMAD --------------------------------

0198ME211051 SALMAN KHURSHID --------------------------------

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate(s) is correct to the best of
my knowledge.

…………………………… ………………………….

Dr. Rahul Agrawal Dr.Virendra Rajput

Supervisor, Head,
Department of ME Department of ME

Prestige Institute of management and research Bhopal

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work embodies in the dissertation entitled “Smart sanitation
system for western public toilets” being submitted by Md Asif Khan (0198ME211031),
Abdul Motalib (0198ME211003), Salman khurshid (0198ME211051), Md Amran
Ahmad ( 0198ME211030). In partial fulfillment of the requirement of the award Of
“Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering” to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki
VishwaVidyalaya Bhopal (M.p) is a record of minor project piece of work,carried out by
her understand our supervision and guidance in the “Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Prestige Institute of Management and Research Bhopal

Dr. Rahul Agarwal Dr. Virendra Rajput

Supervisor, Head,

Department of ME Department of ME

TABLE OF CONTENT

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1. Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------01

2. Students Declaration----------------------------------------------------------02

3. Certificate----------------------------------------------------------------------03

4. Acknowledgement------------------------------------------------------------05

5. Abstract-------------------------------------------------------------------------06

6. Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------07

7. Innovation----------------------------------------------------------------------08

8. Benefits of our project to society-------------------------------------------09

9. Basic designing principle involved-----------------------------------------10

10. Expected outcome-------------------------------------------------------------11

11. Buisness Plan------------------------------------------------------------------12

12. Cost of the project-------------------------------------------------------------13

13. Learning associated with this project---------------------------------------14

14. Material list--------------------------------------------------------------------16

15.Figure of the project-----------------------------------------------------------17

16. Block Diagram----------------------------------------------------------------18

17. References----------------------------------------------------------------------19

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the outset I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude my respected dissertation
guide DR. RAHUL AGRAWAL sir under whose able guidance my project saw the light of
the day. I will be ever indebted for his morale boosting, support and encouragement

I am very thankful to DR.RAHUL AGRAWAL (Mentor). I would have been impossible to

complete the project work without their help they made available all the facilities for the
successful completion of the project I am also thankful to the hod all department staff and
follow the colleges who have immensely helped and encouraged me to complete the project
in time.

0198ME211031 MD ASIF KHAN

0198ME211003 ABDUL MOTALIB

0198ME211030 MD ARMAN AHMAD

0198ME211051 SALMAN KHURSHID

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 ABSTRACT

It is a well-known fact that sanitation is a major issue in our country India. The
issue of poor sanitation is not only limited to rural areas but it has made its way
to urban, metropolitan cities as well. Although infrastructural coverage is
progressively getting better, it has so far been unable to keep up with the
increase of urbanization. Our government has invested a lot of time, money, and
effort into keeping the public restrooms clean and orderly, yet the hygiene is
terribly lacking. People’s lack of interest in maintaining clean public sanitation
systems in comparison to their degree of concern for maintaining clean
restrooms at their houses is the primary cause of the current state of sanitation,
wasting government resources and efforts. Maintaining hygiene and cleanliness
in public washrooms is a challenging task that requires continuous monitoring
and upkeep. To address this issue, we have developed a Smart Toilet System
that uses various sensors and an app-based interface to facilitate efficient
washroom management. Our solution implements an automated system that will
keep track of the air quality and cleanliness of the public restrooms in order to
solve this issue. Smart Toilet System offers an innovative approach to
washroom management that utilizes technology to enhance efficiency and
hygiene. The system can be easily integrated into existing washroom
infrastructure and can provide valuable insights into the washroom's usage
patterns. We believe that the Smart Toilet System has the potential to
revolutionize washroom management practices and improve public health and
hygiene. This project's major objective is to demonstrate how our system will
track various cleaning metrics and alert the cleaner when the condition of the
toilet deteriorates past a certain threshold.

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 INTRODUCTION

In this project, public toilets are essential for community health, especially in
densely populated areas like railway stations. However, their maintenance often
falls short, leading to unclean facilities that deter usage and pose health risks. In
India, where the majority of public toilet users prefer Indian-style (squat) toilets
due to hygiene concerns, the underuse of Western-style toilets exacerbates the
problem. Unclean toilet seats, especially in Western toilets, are a significant
deterrent for users, as they directly contact the skin, increasing the risk of
infections. Diseases such as impetigo and ringworm can spread through contact
with contaminated surfaces.
To address this, our project proposes the implementation of an automated toilet
seat cleaning, flushing, and seat cover lifting system. This innovative solution
integrates advanced sensor technology to automate the cleaning process,
enhancing the hygiene and usability of public toilets.
The system uses infrared and pressure sensors to detect user presence and toilet
usage. After each use, the toilet seat is automatically cleaned with a disinfectant
spray and wipe mechanism, ensuring the seat is sanitized for the next user. The
toilet flushes automatically, eliminating the need for manual flushing and
conserving water through optimized flushing cycles. Additionally, the seat
cover is automatically lifted and lowered, preventing direct contact with the
toilet seat and further reducing the risk of contamination.

This system not only improves hygiene but also enhances user satisfaction and
reduces maintenance needs, making public toilets more accessible and
appealing. It addresses the cleanliness issues of Western-style toilets,

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encouraging their use and balancing the load between Indian and Western-style
facilities.

1.Innovation
What’s New in Our Project:
The key innovation in our project is the automated toilet seat cleaning, flushing,
and seat cover lifting system. This system is unique because it addresses the
specific hygiene concerns that lead to the under use of Western-style toilets in
public facilities. The integration of different mechanism that perform the task of
toilet seat cleaning, flushing, and seat cover lifting system with the help of
mechatronic priciple which includes the use of different sensors, servo motors,
micro controllers etc. Innovations of our project are:
Automatic Cleaning: A disinfectant spray and wipe system sanitizes the toilet
seat after use.
Automatic Flushing: The toilet automatically flushes after each use, eliminating
the need for manual flushing.
Seat Cover Lifting System: Cover is automatically lifted upward/downward and
placed over the toilet seat after use

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2. Benefits of Our Project to Society
This project offers significant benefits to society, including:

Improved Public Health: By ensuring cleaner toilet facilities, the project

reduces the spread of infections and diseases.

Improved Hygiene: Reduced risk of germ transmission and enhanced overall

cleanliness.

Increased User Satisfaction: Enhanced user experience by automated cleaning

and flushing improves the comfort and satisfaction of public toilet users.

Water Conservation: Optimized flushing reduces water usage, contributing to

environmental sustainability.

Low Maintenance: Automation reduces the need for frequent manual cleaning,
lowering maintenance costs and improving toilet availability.

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3. Basic Designing Principles Involved:
COMPONENTS: - IR sensor, pressure sensor, etc.
The project relies on sensor technology and automated mechanical systems.
Infrared and pressure sensors detect user presence and toilet usage, triggering
the automated cleaning, flushing, and seat cover lifting mechanisms. The
integration of these components into a seamless system involves principles of
automation, robotics, and hygiene engineering. The basic scientific/design
principle involved in different sections are
Mechanical Design
 Toilet Seat Cleaning Mechanism: Design a mechanism that can
effectively clean the toilet seat. This may involve brushes, sprays, or
other cleaning agents. Consider the movement, rotation, or oscillation
needed.
 Flushing System: Integrate an automatic flushing mechanism that ensures
proper sanitation. This could be driven by sensors that detect usage or by
a timed system.
 Seat Cover Lifting System: Develop a reliable system for lifting and
lowering the seat cover, which might use motors or pneumatic actuators.
3. Electronic and Control Systems
 Sensors: Implement sensors to detect when the toilet is in use, when
cleaning is required, or when the seat needs to be lifted. Common sensors
include motion detectors, pressure sensors, and water level sensors.
 Actuators: Use actuators to control the mechanical components. This
could include electric motors for the seat lifting and hydraulic or
pneumatic actuators for cleaning.
 Control Unit: Develop a microcontroller or programmable logic
controller (PLC) that can process inputs from sensors and control the

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 actuators. The control logic should handle the sequence of operations,
such as lifting the seat, cleaning, and flushing.

4.EXPECTED OUTCOMES: -

Improved Public Perception of Public Facilities: - The introduction of high-

tech, automated solutions in public toilets will enhance the public perception of
these facilities, demonstrating a commitment to cleanliness and user comfort.
This could lead to greater public trust and willingness to use these amenities.
Optimized Water Usage: - The automated flushing system is designed to
minimize water waste. By triggering the flush only when necessary and
optimizing the amount of water used per flush, the system will contribute to
water conservation efforts in public facilities.
Cost Savings: - Automation will decrease the need for frequent manual
cleaning and maintenance. This will reduce operational costs for the
maintenance of public toilets and ensure that facilities remain in good condition
with minimal human intervention.
Contribution to Smart City Initiatives: - The project aligns with broader
Smart City initiatives by integrating technology into public infrastructure to
improve service delivery and quality of life. The automated public toilets could
become a model for smart, efficient public amenities in urban environments.

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5. BUSINESS PLAN: - Our business plan involves partnering with
government bodies, railway stations, and urban planners to implement this
automated system in public toilets across India. We will offer the system as a
cost-effective solution to improve hygiene and user satisfaction in public
facilities. The plan includes scaling the production and installation of these
systems, with a focus on maintenance contracts and continuous improvement.

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6. COST OF THE PROJECT: -

Component’s Name Price in rupees

IR Sensor 500

Pressure Sensor 600

Automatic Cleaning 2500

Mechanism

Flushing System 1500

Seat Cover 1200

Mechanism

Miscellaneous 1000
Components

Total Estimated Cost 7300/-

This cost includes all components necessary to develop and demonstrate a

functional prototype at the competition.

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 Learning associated with this project

1. Mechatronics: Mechatronics combines mechanical engineering, electronics,

and computer control to create smart systems.

2. Mechanical Systems:

Components:

 Motors: These make things move. For instance, motors can drive brushes
or other cleaning tools.

 Actuators: These are devices that cause movement, like lifting a cleaning
arm or opening a compartment.

 Build a Simple Gear Mechanism: Using gears and levers, create a

model that shows how mechanical movement can be transferred and
amplified.

3. Electronic Systems:

Components:

 Sensors: These detect things like dirt or the position of parts. Examples
include infrared sensors that can spot obstacles or moisture sensors that
know when a surface is wet.

 Microcontrollers: These are small computers that process information

from sensors and control motors and other electronic components.

 Basic Circuit Building: Create simple circuits using batteries, wires, and
LEDs to understand how electricity flows and powers devices.

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4. Control Systems:

Components:

 Software: This is the set of instructions that tells the mechanical and
electronic parts what to do. It processes the data from sensors and makes
decisions.

 Programming: Learning basic programming skills can help control the

behavior of the system. For example, if a sensor detects that a toilet is
dirty, the system should activate the cleaning mechanism.

 Basic Coding: Use block-based coding platforms like Scratch to create

simple programs that control lights or motors.

5. Integration and Testing:

 System Integration: Combine the mechanical parts, sensors, and control

systems to make sure they work together. Test different scenarios to see
how well the system performs.

 Troubleshooting: Identify and fix issues when the system doesn’t work
as expected. This can involve adjusting the code, changing components,
or refining mechanical design.

 Prototype Testing: Build a small-scale model of your cleaning system

and test it. Observe how well it performs and make improvements based
on your observations.

6. Real-World Applications:

Discussion Points:

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  Why It Matters: Automated cleaning systems can help maintain
cleanliness in public spaces efficiently and consistently.

 Challenges: Consider the challenges of designing a system that works

reliably in various conditions and is easy to maintain.

Hands-On Activity:

 Design Challenge: Create a presentation or model of an automated

system for a different task (e.g., a robotic gardener). Discuss how the
principles learned apply to this new project.

 Material list :

 IR Sensor (Industrial grade)

 Pressure sensor

 Servo motor

 Arduino Uno

 Connecting wire

 Robotic Arm

 Seat cover

 Sanitizer

 Water Tank

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17
BLOCK DIAGRAM

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 REFERENCES

 ELECTRO PNEUMATIC PRESSURISED FLUSHING SYSTEM FOR

LHB COACHES: International Research Journal of Modernization in
Engineering Technology and Science Volume:06/Issue:07/July-2024

 Toilet hygiene—review and research needs - Published online 2021 Dec.

Journal from National Institute of Health.

 HygieniTech – The Smart Toilet: International Journal of Modern

Developments in Engineering and Science Volume 3, Issue 1, January
2024 https://www.ijmdes.com | ISSN (Online): 2583-3138

 J. P. Singh, Indian railways & infrastructure, 2020.

 Mr. S.A. Burande, Analytical Study of Vacuum Controlled Green Toilet

System for Indian Railways, IJSRD, Apr 2020.

 C. K Birla, ‘Electro Pneumatic Pressurised Flushing System’, Mar 2020.

 J. Lai, K. Tu, J. Lian, and J. Kim, “Facilities management education in

the Four Asian Dragons: 2019.

 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume

5(2), ISSN: 2394-9333 www.ijtrd.com IJTRD | Mar - Apr 2018
Available Online@www.ijtrd.com 45 Automatic Urinal Flushing System

 US7500277B2- Automatic, toilet flushing system and method (Web

Page). 2019

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