1.

Auxiliary electrical system

2. Design of electrical installation-Domestic,
Commercial, Industrial
1. Auxiliary Electrical Systems

➢ Auxiliary electrical systems are supplementary

systems that support the primary function of a
larger system.
➢ For buildings, they include fire alarms, security,
telephone, and elevator systems
➢ They are essential for the safe and efficient
operation of various facilities, including
buildings.
➢ These types of systems are usually supplied by
an extra-low voltage (up to 50V)
1. Auxiliary Electrical Systems

➢ While in the main circuits, the issue is more the

protection against electric shock, the protection of
personnel as well and the prevention of fire,
reliability plays a significant role in auxiliary
systems
1. Fire Alarm Systems

➢ A fire alarm system is a security system that

alerts the occupants of a building after smoke or
fire (flames) have been detected.
➢ They can be audible alarms such as horns, bells,
or buzzers, visual alarms such as flashing lights
or messages on a computer monitor, or silent
alarms such as vibrators.
➢ All public buildings must provide an effective
means of warning of fire to protect life and
property.
1. Fire Alarm Systems

➢ An effective fire alarm system gives a warning of

fire while sufficient time remains for the fire to be
put out and any occupants to leave the building.
➢ All fire alarms have four basic elements:
▪ Sensors or initiating devices (smoke detectors,
heat detectors)
▪ Controls for activation or initiating
▪ Notification (audible or visual)
▪ Power source
1. Fire Alarm Systems
1. Automatic Fire Detection

➢ Automatic detection of fire is possible with heat and

smoke detectors.
➢ Smoke detectors tend to give a faster response than heat
detectors,
➢ They should be able to discriminate between a fire and
the normal environment in which they are to be installed.
1. Automatic Fire Detection
1. Alarm Call Points

➢ Alarm call points are manual

devices designed to trigger a
fire alarm system e.g. break
glasses.
➢ They should be provided in all
parts of a building and should
be located so that no one needs
to walk for more than 30m from
any position within the
premises to give an alarm.
1. Fire Alarm Circuits

➢ Fire alarm circuits are wired as either normally open or

normally closed.
➢ In a normally open circuit, the alarm call points are
connected in parallel with each other so that when any
alarm point is initiated the circuit is completed and the
sounder gives a warning of fire.
➢ In a normally closed circuit, the alarm call points are
connected in series to normally closed contacts and when
the alarm is initiated, or if a break occurs in the wiring,
the alarm is activated.
1. Fire Alarm Circuits
1. Fire Alarm Circuits
1. Fire Alarm Design Considerations

➢ The layout of the building, including room

sizes, corridors, and stairwells, will
determine the number and location of
detectors.
➢ Areas with high fire risks, such as kitchens,
mechanical rooms, and storage areas, should
have increased detector density.
➢ The sensitivity of detectors should be
selected to minimize false alarms while
ensuring early detection of fires.
1. Fire Alarm Design Considerations

➢ Detectors should be easily accessible for testing,

maintenance, and replacement.
➢ The control panel should have sufficient
capacity to accommodate the number of
detectors and notification devices in the system.
➢ Alarm sounders or speakers should be installed
in strategic locations to alert occupants.
➢ Alarm calls are mounted 1.4m from the floor
and sited where they can be easily seen
1. Fire Alarm Design Considerations

➢ The positions and numbers of sounders should be such

that the alarm can be distinctly heard above the
background noise in every part of the premises.
➢ Larger buildings must be divided into zones so that the
location of the fire can be quickly identified by the
emergency services.
➢ A fire alarm system must go on working for quite some
time after a fire has started, so cables must be carefully
selected.
➢ The electricity supply to the fire alarm installation must
be secure in the most serious conditions.
1. Close Circuit Television Systems

➢ Closed circuit television (CCTV) is an integral

part of many security
systems.
➢ CCTV cameras use infra-red lighting which
renders the scene under observation visible to the
camera while to the human eye it appears to be in
total darkness.
➢ Cameras may be fixed or movable under remote
control, such as those used for motorway traffic
monitoring.
1. Close Circuit Television Systems

➢ Closed circuit television (CCTV) is an integral

part of many security
systems.
➢ CCTV cameras use infra-red lighting which
renders the scene under observation visible to the
camera while to the human eye, it appears to be
in total darkness.
➢ Cameras may be fixed or movable under remote
control, such as those used for motorway traffic
monitoring.
1. CCTV Systems Design Considerations

➢ Choose the appropriate camera type (e.g., dome,

bullet) based on the specific requirements of the
area to be monitored.
➢ Select cameras with sufficient resolution to
capture clear images, especially for identification
purposes.
➢ Consider the desired field of view for each camera
to ensure adequate coverage.
➢ Position cameras strategically to minimize blind
spots and maximize coverage.
1. Telephone Circuits

➢ They provide voice, data, and video

communications
between necessary areas and facilities.
➢ RJ11 is designed for standard analog telephone
lines.
➢ RJ45: used for network connections, and telephone
connections.
1. Telephone Circuits
1. Elevator Circuits

➢ An elevator system is a complex system of

mechanical, electrical, and control systems.
Electrical components:
➢ Power supply to the motor, control systems,
lighting, and other components.
➢ Motor control circuit which controls the speed
and direction of the elevator motor.
➢ Door control circuit controls the opening and
closing of elevator doors.
1. Elevator Circuits

➢ The elevator system should consist of multiple

elevators serving multiple floors.
➢ Each elevator should have a capacity limit and
should not exceed it.
➢ Users should be able to request an elevator from
any floor and select a destination floor.
➢ The elevator system should efficiently handle
user requests and optimize the movement of
elevators to minimize waiting time.
1. Elevator Circuits

➢ The system should prioritize requests based on the

direction of travel and the proximity of the elevators
to the requested floor.
➢ The elevators should be able to handle multiple
requests concurrently and process them in an
optimal order.
➢ The system should ensure thread safety and prevent
race conditions when multiple threads interact with
the elevators.
2. Domestic Electrical Installation

➢ Service: discussed
➢ Lighting: discussed (illuminance levels attached)
➢ Power
▪ Identify the appliances that will be used in the
room.
▪ Account for future additions of new appliances
or electronic devices.
▪ Place sockets in convenient locations.
▪ Include 20A sockets for ACs.
▪ Include a telephone socket.
2. Domestic Electrical Installation
2. Domestic Electrical Installation
2. Domestic Electrical Installation

➢ Switches:
•1 Way Switches: just an on/off switch.
•2 Way Switches: controls one circuit from two
different locations
➢ Distribution: receives the power from the power
source and distributes it to different subcircuits or
zones within the building or facility.
➢ The distribution board or panels contains
switches, meters, relays, and other devices that
control and monitor the power flow and quality.
2. Domestic Electrical Installation
2. Domestic Electrical Installation

Design consideration :

➢ Type of distribution: either single-phase or three-

phase
➢ Location of the panel: ensure easy access and
maintenance.
➢ Load-rated value: the total electrical load of the
building, including lighting, outlets, and
appliances.
➢ Future expansion of the DB: oversize the panel
slightly to accommodate future growth.
2. Domestic Electrical Installation

➢ Protection: safeguarding both the system and the

users from potential hazards like overcurrent,
short circuits, and electrical shocks
▪ ELCB: protects against electric shock by
detecting small differences in current between
the live and neutral conductors
▪ Earthing
▪ Lighting arrestor
➢ Control
▪ Changeover
▪ Fused switches
2. Commercial Electrical Installation

➢ How is it different from domestic installation?

often require three-phase power as installations
are more complex and often involve higher
voltages and power loads.
➢ It is a public place so, buildings typically have
fire alarm systems and security systems in place
for the safety of occupants and property.
➢ They should also incorporate:
• Call systems
• Emergency lighting
• Access control systems
• Data communication
2. Commercial Electrical Installation

➢ Commercial buildings use several types of

switchboards to meet their power needs.
➢ The heart of any large commercial building’s
electrical system is the Main Distribution Board
(MDB).
➢ MDBs control all the electricity coming into a
building and distribute it among smaller sub-
distribution boards (SDBs).
2. Industrial Electrical Installation

➢ Industrial installations differ from domestic and

commercial ones only in the size and type of
equipment used.
➢ An industrial building, will require an electrical
installation that incorporates flexibility and
mechanical protection.
➢ The supplies are three-phase four-wire, and the
switchgear is usually metal clad.
➢ For cumbersome loads, switch fuses are replaced
by circuit breakers, and much use is made of
overhead bus-bar trunking systems.
2. Commercial Electrical Installation
2. Industrial Electrical Installation
Recommended Texts

1. Electrical Installation Work by Brian by Brian

Scaddan
2. Handbook of Electrical Design Details by Neil
Sclater and John E. Traister