KENDRITYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN

KVS RO KOLKATA
SESSION 2023-24
COMPETENCY BASED QUESTION
CLASS-XI PHYSICS
CHAPTER: 10. Mechanical properties of fluids

SL LO/AO QUESTION MARK

NO.
1 LO: Analysing, Consider the equations 1
critical thinking F
P  Lim and P1 – P2 = gz
and application S 0 S
AO:Application of In an elevator accelerating upward
concept to solve (A) both the equations are valid
problems
(B) the first is valid but not the second
(C) the second is valid but not the first
(D) both are invalid
2 LO: Analysing, and In the figure shown water is filled in a symmetrical container. 1
application of law Four pistons of equal area A are used at the four
AO: use of opening to keep the water in equilibrium. Now an
knowledge to
solve problems additional force F is applied at each piston. The increase
in the pressure at the centre of the container due to
this addition is –
F2

F1 F3

F4
F 2F
(A) (B)
A A
4F
(C) (D) 0
A
3 LO: Analysing, and In hydraulic press radii of connecting pipes r1 and r2 are in ratio 1
application of law 1 : 2. In order to lift a heavy mass M on larger piston,
AO: use of the small piston must be pressed through a minimum
knowledge to force f equal to –
solve problems f
M

(A) Mg (B) Mg/2

(C) Mg/4 (D) Mg/8
4 LO: Application of Water is flowing through a tube of non-uniform cross- 1
knowledge section ratio of the radius at entry and exit end of the
AO:Problem
solving pipe is 3 : 2. Then the ratio of velocities at entry and
exit of liquid is
(a) 4: 9 (b) 9:4
(c) 8 : 27 (d) 1:1
5 LO:Analsis of A small spherical solid ball is dropped in a viscous liquid. Its 1
problem journey in the liquid is best described in the figure by –
AO:critical
v A B
thinking Graph
and PSA

Velocity
C
D

X
Distance travelled

(A) Curve A (B) Curve B

(C) Curve C (D) Curve D
6 LO:Reproduction Along a streamline 1
of knowledge (a) the velocity of a fluid particle remains constant.
AO:Remembering (b) the velocity of all fluid particles crossing a given position is
aand explain constant.
(c) the velocity of all fluid particles at a given instant is
constant.
(d) the speed of a fluid particle remains constant
7 LO:Analysis The incorrect statement is - 1
AO:Knowledge (A) Tree gets water from earth through capillary action
and applying,
Expalin (B) Towel absorbs water from our body by capillary
action
(C) We get water in house tops through the action of
surface tension
(D) Our teeth get blood from the body by capillary
action
8 LO:Critical Which water is having detergent dissolved in it 1
thinking and
application of
knowledge
AO:PSA and
compare
P Q

(A) P (B) Q
(C) both (D) data insufficient

9 LO:Analysis, Directions
Synthesis of (a)If both assertion and reason are true and the
Knowledge and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
application (b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is
 AO: Applying not the correct explanation of the assertion.
aand explain (c) If assertion is incorrect but reason is true.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
Assertion : The impurities always decrease the surface tension
of a liquid.
Reason : The change in surface tension of the liquid do not
depend upon the degree of contamination of the impurity.

10 LO:Analysis, (a)If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is
Synthesis of the correct explanation of the assertion.
Knowledge and (b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not
application the correct explanation of the assertion.
AO: Applying and (c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
expalin (d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
Assertion : When height of a tube is less than liquid rise in the
capillary tube, the liquid does not overflow.
Reason : Product of radius of meniscus and height of liquid in
capillary tube always remains constant.
11 LO: Exhibit critical Along a streamline flow 1 MARK
thinking in solving
the problem. a) the velocity of a fluid particle remains constant.
AO: Demonstrate b) the velocity of all fluid particles crossing a given position is
knowledge and constant.
understanding of c) the velocity of all fluid particles at a given instant is
Scientific ideas, constant.
techniques and d) the speed of a fluid particle remains constant.
procedures.
12 LO: Apply scientific A glass of soft drink with some ice-cubes floating in it , is taken in 1 MARK
techniques in the an elevator which is accelerating down. Then , the portion of ice
Calculation of result outside the soft drink
AO: Evaluate (a)increases
scientific (b)decreases
information to: * (c)remains same
Make judgments (d)depends on density of soft drink
and draw
conclusions. *
Develop and
improve
experimental
procedure
13 LO: Exhibit critical The rate of flow of water in a capillary tube of length l and 1 MARK
thinking in solving radius r is V. the rate of of flow in another capillary tube of
the problem.
length 2 l and radius 2r for same pressure difference would be
AO: Analyse
scientific (a)16V (b)9V (c)8V (d)2V
information and
ideas .
14 LO: Apply scientific A steel ball is dropped in oil ,then 1 MARK
techniques in the
Calculation of (a)the ball attains constant velocity after some time
result. (b)the ball stops
AO: Analyse (c)the speed of wall will keep on increasing
scientific (d)none of the above
information and
ideas to present
data and interpret
 patterns and
relationships.
15 LO: Exhibit critical Water flows along a horizontal pipe whose cross-section is 1 MARK
thinking in solving not constant .The pressure id 1 cm of Hg ,where the velocity is
the problem. 35 cm/s.at a point where the velocity is 65 cm /s, the pressure
AO: Analyse will be
scientific (a)0.89 cm of Hg (b)8.9 cm of Hg
information and (c)0.5 cm of Hg (d)1 cm of Hg
ideas to present
data and interpret
patterns and
relationships.
16 LO: Exhibit critical A rectangular vessel when full of water ,takes 10 min to be 1 MARK
thinking in solving emptied through an orifice in its bottom .How much time will
the problem. it take to be emptied when half filled with water
AO: Apply (a)9min
knowledge and (b)7min
understanding of (C)5min
Scientific ideas,
(d)3min
techniques and
procedures to
classroom and real-
world situations.
17 LO: Exhibit critical One large soap bubble of diameter D breaks into 27 bubbles 1 MARK
thinking in solving having surface tension T. The change in surface energy is
the problem. (a)2TD2 (b)4TD2 (c)TD2 (d)8TD2
AO Evaluate
scientific
information to
make judgments
and draw
conclusions,
develop and
improve
experimental
procedure
18 LO: Exhibit critical If the liquid neither rises nor falls in a capillary tube , then 1 MARK
thinking in solving angle of contact is
the problem. (a)00 (b)1800 (c)450 (d)900
AO: Evaluate
scientific
information to
develop and
improve
experimental
procedure.
19 LO: Exhibit critical Viscus force exerted by liquid flowing between two plates in a 1 MARK
thinking in solving streamline flow depends upon
the problem. (a) Velocity gradient
AO: Evaluate (b) area of the plates
scientific (c)coefficient of viscosity of the liquid
information to (d) all the above
make judgments
and draw
conclusions.
20 LO: Exhibit critical The water flows from a tap of diameter 1.25 cm with a rate of 1 MARK
thinking in solving 5x10- 5 m3/s. The density and coefficient of viscosity of water
the problem. are 103kg/m3 and 10- 3 Pas respectively. The flow of water is
AO: Apply (a)steady with Reynold’s number 5100.
knowledge and (b)turbulent with Reynold’s number 5100.
understanding of (c)steady with Reynold’s number 3900.
Scientific ideas,
(d) turbulent with Reynold’s number 5100.
techniques and
procedures to
classroom and real-
world situations
21 LO: Analyze and In an automobile service centre the vehicles are lifted upward 1
interprets the using hydraulic lifts as shown by the schematic diagram
figure shown to below.
apply Pascal’s law
AO1:
Demonstrate
knowledge and
understanding of
Scientific ideas,
techniques and
procedures

Which of the following is correct in this context?

a) Force is transmitted undiminished and pressure is
multiplied.
b) Pressure is less in the narrow arm.
c) Pressure is more in the wider arm
Pressure is transmitted undiminished and force is multiplied.
22 LO: Analyse and In the following diagram different vessels contain different 1
interprets the data volume of the liquid.
shown in to
understand to
analyze the
situation.
AO3: Analyse
scientific
information and
ideas to present a) Pressure at A is greater than that at B.
data and interpret b) Pressure at B is equal to Pressure at C.
patterns and c) Pressure at C is highest.
relationships. d) Pressure at A is less than those at B and C.

23 LO: Appreciates In an overhead tank water is found ejected out through a fine 1
the role and hole near the bottom. If height of water in the tank at any
impact of Physics instance is 1 m what will be the approximate speed of the jet
and technology of water?
towards a) 42.24 m/s
improvement of b) 4.42 m/s
quality of life. c) 4.31 m/s
AO2: Apply 4.12 m/s
knowledge and
understanding of
Scientific ideas in
 real world
situations
24 LO: Appreciates 1
the role and
impact of Physics
and technology
towards
improvement of
quality of life.
AO2: Apply
knowledge and
understanding of
Scientific ideas in Some insects can walk on water due to surface tension. The
real world depressions of water surface as shown in figure shows
situations membrane like property of the surface. The depressions
a) Increase the surface tension.
b) Decrease the surface energy.
c) Increase the surface energy
decrease the surface tension
25 LO: Appreciates 1
the role and Rinitesh was watching the
impact of Physics preparation of Meethi
and technology Bundi during a function at
towards his grand parents’ house.
improvement of He was amazed to see that
quality of life. all Bundi were taking
AO2: Apply spherical shape. He
knowledge and thought it is a special
understanding of technique used by the
Scientific ideas in person.
real world
situations
Actually the spherical shape is due to
a) Special technique applied by the sweet maker
b) The surface tension of the batter.
c) The adhesive force.
Suitable temperature of the oil used for frying.
26 LO: Analyze and In the above situation if some water is added to the batter 1
interprets the a) Bundis will be spherical as there is no change in
figure shown to surface tension.
apply Pascal’s law b) Bundis will not be spherical as surface tension
AO1: increases.
Demonstrate c) Bundis will not be spherical as surface tension
knowledge and decreases.
understanding of Addition of water will reduce the taste.
Scientific ideas,
techniques and
procedures
27 LO: Appreciates 1
the role and
impact of Physics
and technology
towards
improvement of
quality of life.
 AO2: Apply Statement A: LPG may spill out of these holes while the
knowledge and gas stove is in use.
understanding of Statement R: As low pressure is created and air cannot
Scientific ideas inenter the holes.
real world
a) A and R both are correct and R is the correct
situations
explanation of A.
b) A and R both are correct but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
A and R both are incorrect.
28 LO: Analyze and Statement A: An oil drop placed on the surface of cold 1
interprets the water will spread as a thin layer.
figure shown to Statement R: Surface tension of oil is more than that of
apply Pascal’s law water.
AO1:
a) A and R both are correct and R is the correct
Demonstrate
knowledge and explanation of A.
understanding of b) A and R both are correct but R is not the correct
Scientific ideas, explanation of A.
techniques and
procedures
c) A is true but R is false.

A and R both are incorrect.

29 LO: Evaluate and 1
interpret the data
to draw
conclusion using
the concept of A B
viscosity.
AO4: Evaluate
scientific
According to you which liquid has greater coefficient of
information to
viscosity?
make judgments
a) A
and draw
b) B
conclusions.
c) Both have same viscosity.
Needs more information to take decision.
30 LO: Appreciates 1
the role and
impact of Physics
and technology
towards
improvement of
quality of life.
AO2: Apply
knowledge and
understanding of
Scientific ideas in
real world The unit of pressure used is PSI, which stands for
situations a) Poiseuille
b) Pound square per inch
c) Pound per square inch
Pascal per square Inch
31 LO:Application A very narrow capillary tube records a rise of 20 cm when 2 MARKS
AO:PSA and dipped in water. When the area of cross-section is
interpret
 reduced to one-fourth of former value, upto what
height water will rise ?

32 LO:Knowledge A tank is filled with water to a height H. A hole is punched in 2

and Application of one of the walls at a depth h below the water surface.
concept Then what will be the distance x from the foot of the
AO: PSA and wall at which the stream strikes the floor ?
interptret
33 LO: Analying a When body falls in liquid with terminal velocity, then what is 2
problem the ratio of resistive force of liquid to its weight?
AO: PSA
determine
34 LO: Exhibit critical Applly Bernoulli’s principle to determine speed of efflux from 2 MARKS
thinking in solving the side of a container . Hence derive Torricell’s law.
the problem.
AO: Analyse
scientific
information and
ideas to present
data and interpret
patterns and
relationships.
35 LO: Exhibit critical If a ball is thrown and given a spin, then the path of the ball is 2 MARKS
thinking in solving curved more than in a usual spin free ball. Why ?
the problem.
AO: Apply
knowledge and
understanding of
Scientific ideas,
techniques and
procedures to
classroom and real-
world situations
36 LO: Exhibit critical On the basis of Bernoulli’s principle, explain the lift of an 2 MARKS
thinking in solving aircraft wing.
the problem.
AO: Demonstrate
knowledge and
understanding of
Scientific ideas,
techniques and
procedures
37 LO: Analyse and ½+1½
interprets the data
shown in to
understand to
analyze the
situation.
AO3: Analyse
scientific Two identical balloons are inflated and connected by a tube.
information and a) Which of the balloons will shrink?
ideas to present b) Explain the reason in support of your answer with
data and interpret proper mathematical relation.
patterns and
relationships.
38 LO: Analyse and 2
interprets the data
shown in to
understand to
analyze the
situation.
AO3: Analyse
scientific
information and
ideas to present
data and interpret
patterns and
relationships. Two balloons filled with air and connected to a manometer as
shown. Which balloon exerts more pressure and by how
much? Given h = 0.1 m and density of the manometer liquid is
13.6 g/cc. Guess the liquid used in the manometer.
39 LO: Evaluate and 2
interpret the data
to draw
conclusion using
the concept of
viscosity.
AO4: Evaluate
scientific
information to
make judgments
and draw Tiny dirt, soot or dust particles play an important role in the
conclusions. formation of rain drops. Clouds deposit on their surfaces and
droplets are formed. They are called Condensation nuclei.
Such phenomena take place at an altitude approximately 2500
ft from the ground.
1. Do rain drops describe uniformly accelerated motion
throughout their journey?
List the forces they experience during their fall.
40 LO: State Pascal’s law. Use it to explain the working of a hydraulic 3 MARKS
Remembering, lift
Application of
concept
AO: state,
identify and
Apply
41 LO: Write the reasons behind the capillary rise. 3
Remembering, A tube of radius r is dipped in a liquid of density d. Derive the
Application of relation of rise or fall of liquid in the tube if angle of contact
concept of the given pair of material is θ.
AO: State ,
construct
Application
42 LO: Knowledge, Define terminal velocity 3
Critical thinking
Two solid spherical balls of radius r1 & r2
and Analysing the
problem (r2 < r1), of density  are tied up with a string and
AO:Remembering,
released in a viscous liquid of lesser density  and
Application of
Knowledge ,
 analyse,apply and coefficient of viscosity , with the string just taut as
PSA
shown. What is the terminal velocity of spheres?

r1

r2

43 LO: Exhibit critical State Pascal’s law for fluids with the help of a neat labelled 3 MARKS
thinking in solving diagram explain the principle and working of hydraulic
the problem. brakes
AO: : Demonstrate
knowledge and
understanding of
Scientific ideas,
techniques and
procedures.
44 LO: Exhibit critical Define Streamline, Laminar and Turbulent Flow 3 MARKS
thinking in solving
the problem.
AO: Demonstrate
knowledge and
understanding of
Scientific ideas,
techniques and
procedures
45 LO: Exhibit critical What is venturimeter? Describe its construction and working. 3 MARKS
thinking in solving
the problem.
AO: Demonstrate
knowledge and
understanding of
Scientific ideas,
techniques and
procedures
46 LO: Analyze and Working of an Aeroplane: This is based on Bernoulli’s 3
interprets the principle. The wings of the aeroplane are of the shape as shown
figure shown to in fig. Due to this specific shape of wings when the aeroplane
apply Pascal’s law runs, air passes at higher speed over it as compared to its lower
AO1: surface. This difference of air speeds above and below the
Demonstrate wings, in accordance with Bernoulli’s principle, creates a
knowledge and pressure difference, due to which an upward force called
understanding of ‘dynamic lift’ (= pressure difference × area of wing) acts on the
Scientific ideas, plane. If this force becomes greater than the weight of the plane,
techniques and the plane will rise up.
procedures

a) During a horizontal flight if the pilot suddenly

increases the wing area using Flaps. Will the plane
 rise up or come down? Explain with proper
mathematical relation.
b) How does the density of air affect the height of flight
of a plane?

47 LO: Appreciates Rise of liquid in an insufficient capillary tube- 3

the role and
impact of Physics
and technology
towards
improvement of
quality of life.
AO2: Apply
knowledge and
understanding of
Scientific ideas in In the tube of insufficient length water does not spill out but a
real world change in the shape of the meniscus is observed as shown in
situations figure.
a) Explain how the pressure under the meniscus changes
with its shape.
b) Spilling out of water from the tube would not be in
accordance with the law of conservation of energy. Do
you agree with this statement? Give reason in support
of your answer.

48 LO: Appreciates Venturi meter- 3

the role and
impact of Physics
and technology
towards
improvement of
quality of life.
AO2: Apply
knowledge and
understanding of It is a device which works on Bernaullis principle. It is a tube,
Scientific ideas in consist of a converging portion, a throat and a diverging
real world portion as shown in figure.
situations A) Name the quantity this device measures. Also write its
unit.
B) How will you measure the difference in pressure of the
liquid at the broader and the narrow end?

Find the expression for the pressure difference.

49 LO:Analsing aand The pressure of the atmosphere at any point is equal to 4 MARKS
critical thinking the weight of a column of air of unit cross-sectional area
AO:Identify, extending from that point to the top of the atmosphere.
predict At sea level, it is 1.013 × 105 Pa (1 atm). Italian scientist
Application of Evangelista Torricelli (1608–1647) devised for the first
knowledge to time a method for measuring atmospheric pressure.
solve problem P = ρgh
 Where ρ is the density of mercury and h is the height of
the mercury column in the tube In the experiment it is
found that the mercury column in the barometer has a
height of about 76 cm at sea level equivalent to one
atmosphere (1 atm).
A common way of stating pressure is in terms of cm or
mm of mercury (Hg). A pressure equivalent of 1 mm is
called a torr (after Torricelli). 1 torr = 133 Pa. The mm of
Hg and torr are used in medicine and physiology. In
meteorology, a common unit is the bar and millibar.1 bar
= 105 Pa. An open tube manometer is a useful
instrument for measuring pressure differences.
1) Who gave for the first time a method for
measuring atmospheric pressure?
a) Newton
b) Pascal
c) Torricelli
d) None of the above
2) 1 torr is equal to
a) 1000 pa
b) 133 pa
c) 50 pa
d) None of these
3) What is 1 torr? Where it is used?
4) Which device is used for measurement of
pressure difference?
50 LO:Analsing aand It has been found that a liquid in small quantity at rest, 4
critical thinking free from an external force like gravity, always tends to
AO:Identify, have a spherical shape. Since for a given volume, a
predict sphere has the least surface area, hence it shows that
Application of the free surface of every liquid at rest has a tendency
knowledge to to have the least surface area. The free surface of a
solve problem: liquid behaves as if covered by a stretched membrane,
having tension in all directions parallel to the surface.
This tension in the free surface of the liquid at rest is
called surface tension. It arises due to the fact that the
free surface of the liquid at rest has some additional
potential energy.

1.Why does a liquid in small quantity and at rest, free

from external forces, tend to have a spherical shape?
a) Because the sphere has the maximum surface area
for a given volume.
b) Because the sphere has the least surface area for a
given volume.
c) Because the sphere is the most stable geometric
shape.
d) Because liquids naturally prefer the spherical shape.
 2.How does the free surface of a liquid at rest
behave?
a) As if covered by a compressed membrane, having
tension in all directions perpendicular to the surface.
b) As if covered by a stretched membrane, having
tension in all directions parallel to the surface.
c) As if covered by a porous membrane, having tension
in all directions perpendicular to the surface.
d) As if covered by a thin film, having tension in all
directions parallel to the surface.
3.What is the term for the tension in the free surface
of a liquid at rest?
a) Volume tension
b) Surface tension
c) Liquid tension
d) Membrane tension
4.Why does the free surface of a liquid at rest have
additional potential energy?
a) Because of the extra energy required to maintain its
shape.
b) Because of the high kinetic energy of the molecules
at the surface.
c) Because of the tension in the free surface of the
liquid.
d) Because of the gravitational potential energy of the
liquid.

51 LO: Exhibit critical Explain why 4 MARKS

thinking in solving (a) The angle of contact of mercury with glass is obtuse, while
the problem. that of water with glass is acute.
AO: : Demonstrate (b) Water on a clean glass surface tends to spread out, while
knowledge and mercury on the same surface tends to form drops. (Put
understanding of differently, water wets glass while mercury does not.)
Scientific ideas, (c) Surface tension of a liquid is independent of the area of the
techniques and surface.
procedures. (d) Water with detergent dissolved in it should have small
angles of contact.
52 LO: Exhibit critical Define terminal velocity. Obtain an expression for terminal 4 MARKS
thinking in solving velocity of a sphere falling through a viscous liquid.
the problem.
AO: Demonstrate
knowledge and
understanding of
Scientific ideas,
techniques and
procedures
53 LO: Analyze and 4
interprets the (1+1+2)
figure shown to
apply Pascal’s law
AO1:
Demonstrate
knowledge and
understanding of
Scientific ideas, An open tube manometer is connected to a gas chamber as
techniques and shown in figure.
 procedures a) Find the gauge pressure inside the chamber
b) What is the absolute pressure inside A?
c) Find the gauge pressure inside the chamber
d) What is the absolute pressure inside A?
How would the value of h change if the liquid is replaced by
another of higher density?
54 LO: Evaluate and Capillary Rise in Building Materials 4
interpret the data A construction company is building a new residential complex (1+2+1)
to draw in a location with a high water table. They are concerned
conclusion using about the potential capillary rise of water in the building
the concept of materials, especially in the foundation walls and basement.
viscosity. The construction team needs to understand how capillary rise
AO4: Evaluate works and its potential impact on the building materials. They
scientific want to determine the appropriate measures to prevent
information to moisture-related issues like mold, decay, and structural
make judgments damage.
and draw The construction team analyzes the porosity and permeability
conclusions. of the building materials being used, such as concrete, bricks,
and mortar. These properties influence how much water can be
absorbed and how quickly it can move through the materials.
They measure the distance between the water table and the
foundation of the building. A higher water table means a
greater potential for capillary rise.
Using the formula h = (2Tcosθ) / ρg, where h is the capillary
rise height, T is the surface tension, θ is the contact angle, ρ is
the density of the liquid, and g is the acceleration due to
gravity, they calculate the maximum height water could rise in
the materials.
a) Name the phenomenon which causes seepage in
buildings.
b) How does the porosity enhance the capillary action?
c) What remedy should be taken to control damage due to
high porosity of building materials?

55 LO:Analysis, (a) State Bernoulli’s Principle. 5

Synthesis of (b) Wite the relevant Mathematical expression for it MARKS
Knowledge and (c) On which principle it is based on ?
application (d) Why does cricket ball swings more in overcast
AO: State, Predict conditions?
, illustrate
andApply
56 LO: Exhibit critical State and prove Bernoulli’s theorem. Name any two 5
thinking in solving applications of the principle. MARKS
the problem.
AO: : Demonstrate
knowledge and
understanding of
Scientific ideas,
techniques and
procedures.
57 LO: Evaluate and A spherical ball is dropped in a long column of liquid. Initially 5
interpret the data it’s velocity increases and then increase in velocity stops. The (2+1+2)
to draw ball now moves with constant velocity known as terminal
conclusion using velocity. On the basis of this experiment answer the following.
the concept of A) On what factors does the terminal velocity depend?
viscosity.
 AO4: Evaluate B) Draw a graph showing the variation of velocity of the
scientific ball in the liquid as a function of time.
information to C) How would the temperature affect the terminal
make judgments
velocity?
and draw
conclusions.

ANSWER KEY:

SL QUESTION
NO.
1 [B]

2 [A]

3 [C]

4 (a)

5 [C]

6 (b)
7 [C]

8 [B]

9 [C]
10 [A]
11 (b) the velocity of all fluid particles crossing a given position is constant.
12 (c)remains same
13 (c)8V
14 (a)the ball attains constant velocity after some time
15 (a)0.89 cm of Hg
16 (b)7min
17 (b)4TD2
18 (d)900
19 (d) all the above
20 (b)turbulent with Reynold’s number 5100.
21 Pressure is transmitted undiminished and force is multiplied.
22 b) Pressure at B is equal to Pressure at C.

23 b) 4.42
24

c) Increase the surface energy

25
b) The surface tension of the batter.

26 c) Bundis will not be spherical as surface tension decreases.

27
A and R both are incorrect.
28 c)A is true but R is false.

29

b) B

30
c) Pound per square inch

31 Ans 40 cm
A  r2
 radius becomes half.
As Hr = constt.
 H becomes double.

32 Ans 2 (H – h )h
Using Bernoulli's equation, hg = 1/2v2
v = 2gh = horizontal speed of water just from the hole.
2(H  h )
Time of fall = , x = vt
g

33 Fv  Fu
[D] Fv + Fu = Mg; so =1
Mg

34 Velocity of efflux is equal to velocity of a body which is falling freely under gravity i.e. v = Ö 2gh

As per Bernoulli’s principle ;

P1 + ½ v1 2 + gh1 = P2 + ½ v2 2 + gh2

Patm + ½ (0) 2 + gy2 = Patm + ½ v 2 + gy1

½ v 2 = gh

v = Ö 2gh .

35

The difference in lateral pressure, which causes a

spinning ball to take a curved path which is
convex towards the greater pressure side, is
called magnus effect.

36
 Aero planes run some distance along runway
before it takes off. The shape of its wings are
specially designed.

37
c) Smaller balloon will shrink.
d) P = 2T/r, explanation

38 B
Use P =pgh
Mercury

39
2. No.
3. Mg
4. Buoyancy
Viscous force
40 Statement
Working of Hydraulic brake
41 Reasons of capillary rise
Derivation of ascent formula
2T cos 
h=
rdg
42 2 (r13  r23 ) (  )g
9 r1  r2 
At terminal velocity net force is zero.
4 4
6(r1 + r2) VT+  (r13+r23)g=  (r13 + r23) g
3 3

43
Working of hydraulic lift:
It is used to lift the heavy loads. If a small force f is
applied on
piston of C then the pressure exerted on the liquid
P  f /a [a = Area of cross section of the piston in
C]
This pressure is transmitted equally to piston of
cylinder C’.
Hence the upward force acting on piston of cylinder
C’.
f  A
FPA A  f 
a a
As A  a , therefore F  f . So heavy load placed on
the larger piston is easily lifted upwards by
applying a small force.
Stream line flow: Stream line flow of a liquid is that flow in which each element of the liquid passing thro
a point travels along the same path and with the same velocity as the preceding element passes through
point. The two streamlines cannot cross each other and the greater is the crowding of streamlines at a pl
the greater is the velocity of liquid particles at that place.
 Laminar flow: If a liquid is flowing a horizontal surface with a steady f low and moves
in the form of layers of different velocities which do not mix with each other, then the flow of liquid is
called laminar flow. In this flow the velocity of liquid flow is always less than the critical velocity of the
liquid.

Turbulent flow: When a liquid moves with a velocity greater than its critical velocity, the motion of th
particles of liquid becomes disordered or irregular. Such a flow is called a turbulent flow.

It is a device used for measuring the rate of flow

of liquid through pipes. Its working is based on
Bernoulli’s theorem.
Bernoulli’s principle for horizontal pipe --------
P1 + ½ v1 2 + gh1 = P2 + ½ v2 2 + gh2 .
P1 – P2 = ½  (v2 2 – v12)
= ½  v12 { (v2 2/ v12) -1 }
hg = ½  v12 { (a1 2/ a22) -1 }
v1 = Ö 2 gh { a2 2 / (a1 2- a22)}
Volume of liquid flowing per sec
a1 v1 = a1a2. Ö 2 gh / (a1 2- a22)}

44 c) Explaination
d) Yes, Illustration

45 C) Flow, l/s
D) By difference of level of the liquid

P = pgh.
46
c) Correct explanation
d) F = pgh X A

47 e) Explaination
f) Yes, Illustration

48 E) Flow, l/s
F) By difference of level of the liquid

P = pgh.
49 1) c
2) b
3) A pressure equivalent of 1 mm is called a torr 1torr = 133 Pa.
The mm of Hg and torr are used in medicine and physiology.
4) An open tube manometer is a useful instrument for measuring pressure differences.

50 1.Ans b
2.Ans b
3.Ans b
4. Ans
51
e) Calculate using P= pgh
f) Pa = P + pgh
g) H decreases
d) Capillarity.
e) Pores act as fine capillaries
f) Seepage proof material.

52
(a) Water molecules have weak intermolecular forces and a strong force of attraction towards solids. Thus,
they spill out. Whereas mercury molecules have a stronger intermolecular force of attraction and a weak
attraction force towards solids, thus they form droplets.

(b) The angle of contact is the angle between the line tangent to the liquid surface at the point of contact and
the surface of the liquid. It is donated by θ in the following diagram:

In the diagram, Ssl, Sla and Ssa are the respective interfacial tensions between the liquid-solid, liquid-air, an
solid-air interfaces. At the line of contact, the surface forces between the three media are in equilibrium.

Thus, for mercury, the angle of contact θ is obtuse because of Ssa < Sla. And for water, the angle is acute
because Ssl < Sla

(c) A liquid always tends to acquire minimum surface area because of the presence of surface tension. And
sphere always has the smallest surface area for a given volume, a liquid drop will always take the shape of a
sphere under zero external forces.

(d) Surface tension is independent of the area of the liquid surface because it is a force depending upon the
length of the interface between the liquid and the other surface, not the area of the liquid.

If a spherical body of radius r is dropped in a viscous fluid, it is first accelerated and then it's
acceleration becomes zero and it attains a constant velocity called terminal velocity.
Force on the body
 4 3
 r g
(i) Weight of the body (FG) = mg = (volume × density) × g 3
(ii) Upward thrust (FT) = weight of the fluid displaced
4 3
r g
= (volume × density) of the fluid × g = 3
(iii) Viscous force (FD) = 6 rv
When the body attains terminal velocity the net force acting on the body is zero. 
FG – FT –F D =0 or FD = FG – FT
4 4 4
6rv   r 3  g   r 3  g  r 3 (   ) g
⇒ 3 3 3
2 r (   ) g
2
v
 Terminal velocity 9 

53
h) Calculate using P= pgh
i) Pa = P + pgh
H decreases
54 g) Capillarity.
h) Pores act as fine capillaries
i) Seepage proof material.

55 (b) P + ½(ρv2 + ρgh = Constant

( c) Conservation of energy
(d) The cricket ball swings more in overcast conditions because the air is denser and more humid. Th
causes the ball to move through the air more slowly, which allows the air to have a greater effect on
the ball's movement. Additionally, the air is cooler in overcast conditions, which can make the ball
harder and more responsive to the bowler's fingers, which can also lead to more swing.
56 According to this theorem the total energy (pressure energy, potential energy and kinetic energy) per unit volu
or mass of an incompressible and non-viscous fluid in steady flow through a pipe remains constant throughout
flow, provided there is no source or sink of the fluid along the length of the pipe.
Mathematically for unit volume of liquid flowing through a pipe.
1
P  gh  v 2 
2 constant
To prove it consider a liquid flowing
steadily through a tube of
non-uniform area of cross-section as
shown in fig. If P1 and P2
are the pressures at the two ends of the tube
respectively,
work done in pushing the volume V of
incompressible fluid
from point B to C through the tube will be
W  P1 V  P2 V  (P1  P2 )V ......(i)

This work is used by the fluid in two ways.

(i) In changing the potential energy of mass m (in the volume V ) from mgh1 to mgh2,
i.e., U  mg (h 2  h1 ) ......(ii)
1 1 1
mv 12 mv 22 K  m(v 22  v12 )
(ii) In changing the kinetic energy from 2 to 2 , i.e., 2 ......(iii)
 Now as the fluid is non-viscous, by conservation of mechanical energy
W  U  K
1
(P1  P2 ) V  mg (h2  h1 )  m(v 22  v12 )
i.e., 2
1
P1  P2  g(h 2  h1 )  (v 22  v 12 )
or 2 [As   m / V ]
1 2 1
P1  gh1  v 1  P2  gh2  v 22
or 2 2
1 2
P  gh  v 
or 2 constant
This equation is the so called Bernoulli's equation and represents conservation of mechanical energ
case of moving fluids.
Applications of the principle :
a. Action of atomiser: The action of carburetor,
paint-gun, scent- spray or insect-sprayer is
based on Bernoulli's principle. In all these, by
means of motion of a piston P in a cylinder C,
high speed air is passed over a tube T dipped in
liquid L to be sprayed. High speed air creates
low pressure over the tube due to which liquid
(paint, scent, insecticide or petrol) rises in it and
is then blown off in very small droplets with
expelled air.

b. Blowing off roofs by wind storms:

During a tornado or hurricane, when a high
speed wind blows over a straw or tin roof, it
creates a low pressure (P) in accordance
with Bernoulli's principle.
However, the pressure below the roof
(i.e., inside the room) is still atmospheric
(  P0 ). So due to this difference of
pressure the roof is lifted up and is then
blown off by the wind.

57
D) Viscosity, radius, density
E) Correct graph
F) decrease