Series Z1XYW/2 SET~1

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Q.P. Code 31/2/1
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Roll No. _wI-n¥ð >na Adí` {bIo§ &
Candidates must write the Q.P. Code
on the title page of the answer-book.

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Ho$db àíZ- -nwpñVH$m na H$moB© CÎma
Zht {bI|Jo &
Please check that this question paper contains 27 printed pages.
Q.P. Code given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written
on the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
Please check that this question paper contains 39 questions.
Please write down the serial number of the question in the answer-book before
attempting it.
15 minute time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question
paper will be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the
students will read the question paper only and will not write any answer on the
answer-book during this period.

{dkmZ
SCIENCE

{ZYm©[aV g_` : 3 KÊQ>o A{YH$V_ A§H$ : 80

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80

31/2/1 H1 H P.T.O.
General Instructions :
Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them :
(i) This question paper comprises 39 questions. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) This question paper is divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E.
(iii) Section A Questions No. 1 to 20 are multiple choice questions. Each question
carries 1 mark.
(iv) Section B Questions No. 21 to 26 are very short answer type questions. Each
question carries 2 marks. Answer to these questions should be in the range of
30 to 50 words.
(v) Section C Questions No. 27 to 33 are short answer type questions. Each
question carries 3 marks. Answer to these questions should in the range of
50 to 80 words.
(vi) Section D Questions No. 34 to 36 are long answer type questions. Each
question carries 5 marks. Answer to these questions should be in the range of
80 to 120 words.
(vii) Section E Questions No. 37 to 39 are of 3 source-based/case-based units of
assessment carrying 4 marks each with sub-parts.
(viii) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in
some sections. Only one of the alternatives has to be attempted in such
questions.

SECTION A

This section has 20 multiple choice questions (Q.No. 1 20). All questions are
compulsory. 20 1=20

1. Which of the following is an example of endothermic process ?

(a) Formation of slaked lime

(b) Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost

(c) Dissolution of ammonium chloride in water

(d) Digestion of food in our body

31/2/1 H3 H P.T.O.
2. In the given experimental set-up, if the experiment is carried out
separately with each of the following solutions the cases in which the
bulb will glow is/are :

Solution

(i) Dilute hydrochloric acid

(ii) Dilute sulphuric acid
(iii) Glucose solution
(iv) Alcohol
(a) (i) only
(b) (ii) only
(c) (i) and (ii)
(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)

3. In order to balance the following chemical equation, the values of the

coefficients x and y respectively are :
Heat
x Pb(NO3)2 2 PbO + y NO2 + O2
(a) 2, 4 (b) 2, 2
(c) 2, 3 (d) 4, 2

4. When zinc reacts with sodium hydroxide, the product formed is :

(a) Sodium oxide (b) Sodium zincate
(c) Zinc hydroxide (d) Zinc oxide
31/2/1 H5 H P.T.O.
5. Among the following, the metal with lowest density is :
(a) Lithium (b) Lead
(c) Magnesium (d) Aluminium

6. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of the atom of a non-metal

can be :
(a) 1, 2 or 3 (b) 3, 4 or 5
(c) 5, 6 or 7 (d) 5, 6 or 8

7. The total number of electrons shared in the formation of an ethyne

molecule is :
(a) 6 (b) 3
(c) 10 (d) 4

8. Sphincter muscles are present at the exit of :

(a) Stomach and small intestine
(b) Stomach and anus
(c) Small intestine and large intestine
(d) Oesophagus and stomach

9. In the following diagram, identify the cells through which massive

amounts of gaseous exchange takes place for photosynthesis :

II

III

IV

(a) I (b) IV
(c) III (d) II
31/2/1 H7 H P.T.O.
10. During vigorous exercise, the occurrence of cramps in the outer muscles
of an athlete is due to the conversion of pyruvate to :
(a) Glucose (b) Ethanol
(c) Lactic acid (d) Lactose

11. Plants which bear unisexual flowers are :

(a) Mustard and Papaya
(b) Hibiscus and Watermelon
(c) Mustard and Hibiscus
(d) Watermelon and Papaya

12.
following combination of chromosomes :
(a) 44 + XX (b) 44 + XY
(c) 22 + XX (d) 22 + XY

13. An object is placed in front of a convex mirror at infinity. According to the

New Cartesian Sign Convention, the sign of the focal length and the sign
of the image distance in this case are respectively :
(a) +, (b) ,+
(c) , (d) +,+

14. For v
we show the arrangement of different circuit components. We find that
with respect to the resistor, the :
(a) ammeter is connected in parallel and the voltmeter in series.
(b) ammeter is connected in series and the voltmeter in parallel.
(c) ammeter and voltmeter are both connected in series.
(d) ammeter and voltmeter are both connected in parallel.

15. In a resistive circuit if the current is increased to two times, the

percentage change in the amount of heat dissipated in the circuit would
be :
(a) 400% (b) 300%
(c) 200% (d) 100%
31/2/1 H9 H P.T.O.
16. A positron enters a uniform magnetic field at right angles to it as shown.
The direction of force experienced by the positron will be :
Positron

Magnetic field

(a) to the right

(b) to the left
(c) into the page
(d) out of the page

For Questions number 17 to 20, two statements are given one labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct
answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not
the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

17. Assertion (A) : Sodium oxide is an amphoteric oxide.

Reason (R) : Metal oxides which react with both acids as well as bases
are known as amphoteric oxides.

18. Assertion (A) : When a bacterium divides into two, and the resultant two
bacteria divide again, the four bacteria produced would be
almost similar.
Reason (R) : DNA copying involves small inaccuracies in the
reproduction process.
31/2/1 H 11 H P.T.O.
19. Assertion (A) : A person suffering from myopia cannot see the distant
objects clearly.

Reason (R) : A converging lens is used for the correction of myopic eye
as it can form real as well as virtual images of the objects
placed in front of it.

20. Assertion (A) : Magnetic field lines do not intersect each other.
Reason (R) : Magnetic field lines are imaginary lines, the tangent to
which at any point gives the direction of the field at that
point.

SECTION B

21. (a) What is observed when aqueous solutions of potassium iodide and
lead nitrate are mixed together ? Name the type of reaction and
write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs. 2

OR
(b) When copper powder is heated in a watch glass, a black substance
is formed.

(i) Why is this black substance formed ? Name it.

(ii) How can this black substance be reversed to its original

form ? 2

22. (a) Why is it important to prevent oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

from mixing in birds and mammals ?
(b) Which animals can tolerate some mixing of the oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood streams ? On what factor does the body
temperature of these animals depend ? 2

31/2/1 H 13 H P.T.O.
23. Mendel crossed a pure tall pea plant (TT) with a pure short pea plant (tt)
and obtained all tall plants in F1 generation.
(a) What is the gene combination present in the plants of F1
generation ?
(b) Give reason why only tall plants are observed in F1 progeny.
(c) What will be the ratio of the plants obtained in the F2 generation
when F1 plants are self-pollinated ? 2

24. (a) When and where does a rainbow appear in the sky ? Draw a
labelled ray diagram to show its formation. 2

OR
(b) What is scattering of light ? Why does the clear sky appear blue ? 2

25. V I graph for two conducting wires A and B are as shown. If both wires
are of the same length and same diameter, which of the two is made of a
material of high resistivity ? Give reasons to justify your answer. 2

26. We do not clean ponds or lakes but an aquarium needs to be cleaned

regularly. Why ? 2

31/2/1 H 15 H P.T.O.
 SECTION C

27. Silver chloride kept in a china dish turns grey in sunlight.

(a) Write the colour of silver chloride when it was kept in the china
dish.

(b) Name the type of chemical reaction taking place and write the
chemical equation for the reaction.

(c) State one use of the reaction. Name one more chemical which can
be used for the same purpose. 3

28. With the help of suitable chemical equations, list the two main
differences between roasting and calcination. How is metal reduced from
the product obtained after roasting/calcination of the ore ? Write the
chemical equation for the reaction involved. 3

29. (a) (i) What is the first step in the breakdown of glucose during
aerobic and anaerobic respiration ? Where does it take
place ?

(ii) ATP is called the energy currency of the cell. Why ?

(iii) What is meant by residual volume of air in a breathing

cycle ? 3

OR
(b) Write in sequence the steps for experimental verification of the fact
that sunlight is essential for photosynthesis . 3

30. Name the hormone released and the gland which secretes it in human
beings during scary situations. How does the body respond to enable it to
deal with the situation ? 3

31/2/1 H 17 H P.T.O.
31. (a) A student has focussed the image of an object of height 3 cm on a
white screen using a concave mirror of focal length 12 cm. If the
distance of the object from the mirror is 18 cm, find the values of
the following :
(i) Distance of the image from the mirror
(ii) Height of the image 3

OR
(b) Define power of a lens. The focal length of a lens is 10 cm. Write
the nature of the lens and find its power. If an object is placed at a
distance of 20 cm from the optical centre of this lens, according to
the New Cartesian Sign Convention, what will be the sign of
magnification in this case ? 3

32. Explain the meaning of overloading of an electrical circuit. List two

possible causes due to which overloading may occur in household circuits.
Write one preventive measure that should be taken to avoid overloading
of domestic circuits. 3

33. Explain how some harmful chemicals enter our bodies through the food
chain. Why is the concentration of these harmful chemicals found to be
maximum in human beings ? 3

SECTION D

34. (a) he presence

ium ethanoate.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved and name it,
giving justification for the name. 5

OR

31/2/1 H 19 H P.T.O.
 (b) (i) Name the simplest saturated hydrocarbon. Draw its electron
dot structure. Which type of bonds exist in this compound ?

(ii) Name any two mixtures of the carbon compound used as a

fuel in daily life, of which the above mentioned compound is
an important component.

(iii) In which homologous series of carbon compounds can this

compound be placed ? Write the general formula of the
series.

(iv) Which type of flame is produced on burning it ? 5

35. (a) (i) List three points of difference between nervous and
hormonal mechanisms for control and coordination in
animals.

(ii) How are auxins related with the bending of plant shoot
towards unidirectional light ? Explain. 5

OR
(b) (i) Name the disorder which a person is likely to suffer from
due to the following :

(I) Over-secretion of growth hormone

(II) Deficiency of oestrogen in females

(III) Less secretion of thyroxine

Also name the gland that secretes each of the hormones
mentioned above.

(ii) How is the timing and amount of hormone released

regulated ? Explain with the help of an example. 5

31/2/1 H 21 H P.T.O.
36. (a) An object is placed in front of a convex lens of focal length f. If the
distance of the object from the lens is 2f, draw a ray diagram to
show the formation of the image. Write the value of magnification
in this case.

(b) A student has focussed the image of a candle flame on a white

screen using a convex lens. The situation is as given below :
Length of the flame = 2 cm
Focal length of the lens = 12 cm
Distance of the flame from the lens = 16 cm
If the flame is perpendicular to the principal axis of the lens,
calculate the values of the following :
(i) Distance of the image from the lens
(ii) Length of the image formed 5

SECTION E

The following questions are source-based/case-based questions. Read the case

carefully and answer the questions that follow.

37. The teacher while conducting practicals in the laboratory divided the
students into three groups and gave them various solutions to find out
their pH and classify them into acidic, basic and neutral solutions.
Group A Lemon juice, vinegar, colourless aerated drink
Group B Tomato juice, coffee, ginger juice
Group C Sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, lime water

(a) For the solutions provided, which group is/are likely to have pH
value (i) less than 7, and (ii) greater than 7 ? 1

(b) List two ways of determining pH of a solution 1

31/2/1 H 23 H P.T.O.
 (c) Explain, why the sour substances such as lemon juice are effective
in cleaning the tarnished copper vessels. 2

OR

(c)
by giving two examples. 2

38. All the reproductive methods of living organisms are broadly categorized
into two types : 1. Asexual reproduction, and 2. Sexual reproduction.

Asexual reproduction involves the participation of a single parent

without the formation of gametes, fertilisation and transfer of genetic
material. This method is a common means of rapidly increasing
offsprings under favourable conditions.

(a) Name the type of fission that occurs in Leishmania and

Plasmodium. 1

(b) Write one advantage of sexual mode of reproduction over asexual

reproduction. 1

(c) Give reasons why :

(i) Colonies of yeast fail to multiply in water but multiply in

sugar solution.

(ii) Rhizopus individuals do not grow on a dry slice of bread. 2

OR

(c) Name the filamentous structures a student could identify when he

collected water from a pond that appeared dark green. How do
these organisms multiply ? Explain. 2

31/2/1 H 25 H P.T.O.
39. Consider the following electrical circuit diagram in which nine identical
resistors of 3 each are connected as shown. If the reading of the
ammeter A1 is 1 ampere, answer the following questions :

(a) What is the relationship between the readings of A1 and A3 ? Give

reasons for your answer. 1

(b) What is the relationship between the readings of A2 and A3 ? 1

(c) Determine the reading of the voltmeter V1. 2

OR

(c) Find the total resistance of the circuit. 2

31/2/1 H 27 H P.T.O.
 MARKING SCHEME
Secondary School Examination, 2023
SCIENCE (Subject Code–086)
[ Paper Code: 31/2/1]
Maximum Marks: 80
Total
Q. No. EXPECTED ANSWER / VALUE POINTS Marks
Marks

SECTION—A

1. (c) 1 1
2. (c) 1 1
3. (a) 1 1
4. (b) 1 1
5. (a) 1 1
6. (c) 1 1
7. (c) 1 1
8. (b) 1 1
9. (b) 1 1
10. (c) 1 1
11. (d) 1 1
12. (a) 1 1
13. (d) 1 1
14. (b) 1 1
15. (b) 1 1
16. (c) 1 1
17. (d) 1 1
18. (a) 1 1
19. (c) 1 1
20. (b) 1 1
SECTION—B
21. (a) • Yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed. ½
• Double displacement reaction / Precipitation reaction ½

Pb (NO3 )2 + 2KI ⎯⎯→ PbI2 + 2KNO3

1

X_086_31/2/1_Science # Page-3
 OR
(b) (i)  Oxygen is added to copper / Copper is oxidised ½
 copper oxide / CuO ½
(ii) By passing hydrogen gas over it 1
Alternative answer
∆
(i) 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO
(ii) CuO + H2 ⎯⎯→ Cu + H2 O 2
22. (a) Birds and mammals have high energy needs to maintain their body
temperature. The separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood allows a highly 1
efficient supply of oxygen to maintain their body temperature.
(b)  Amphibians / reptiles; ½
 Temperature of the environment. ½ 2
23. (a) Tt ½
(b) Because only Dominant trait (Tall) is expressed in F1 generation / Tallness is
dominant over recessive short trait. 1
(c) F2 generation – Tall : short
3 : 1 ½ 2

24. (a) • It is formed after a rain shower. ½

• It is always formed in a direction opposite to that of the Sun. ½

1
Red

Violet

OR

(b) (i) The phenomenon of the change in direction of propagation of light caused
by large sized molecules/ caused by colloidal particles. 1

(ii) When sunlight passes through the atmosphere, fine particles in the air scatter
blue light (shorter wavelengths) more than the red colour (longer 1 2
wavelengths).
25.  Wire B. 1
 For the conductors of the same dimensions greater the resistance, greater is the

X_086_31/2/1_Science # Page-4
 resistivity. 1 2
26.  An aquarium is a man-made ecosystem in which natural cleansing agents like 1
decomposers are not present, so needs periodic cleaning;
 ponds and lakes are natural ecosystems which have natural cleansing agents. 1
(Decomposers) 2

SECTION—C
27. (a) White ½

(b) Decomposition reaction / Photolytic decomposition ½

Sunlight 1
2AgCl → 2Ag + Cl2

(c) used in black and white photography ; AgBr / Silver Bromide ½, ½ 3

28.
Roasting Calcination
1 It is carried out for sulphide ores. It is carried out for carbonate ores. ½
2 Ore is heated in excess of air Ore is heated in absence or limited
supply of air. ½
Heat
2ZnS + 3O2 ⎯⎯→ 2ZnO + 2SO2 ZnCO3 ⎯⎯⎯⎯→ ZnO + CO2
1
OR OR
Heat heat
2HgS + 3O2 ⎯⎯⎯⎯→ 2HgO + 2SO2 CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
OR OR

Heat
2Cu2S + 3O2 ⎯⎯⎯⎯→ 2Cu2O + 2SO2
heat
PbCO3 → PbO + CO2

Reduction with the help of carbon ½

ZnO + C → Zn + CO ½
Heat
Alternate answer
With the help of heat
Heat
2HgO(s) ⎯⎯⎯⎯→ 2 Hg (l) + O2(g)
OR
Auto reduction / Heating with its ore
Heat
2Cu2O + Cu2S ⎯⎯⎯⎯→ 6Cu (s) + SO2(g)
(or Any other) 3

X_086_31/2/1_Science # Page-5
29.
(a) (i) Glucose ⎯⎯→ Pyruvic acid /Pyruvate ½
½
In the cytoplasm

1
(ii) It is used as fuel for all activities in a cell / ATP is broken down giving rise
to a fixed amount of energy which drive endothermic reactions in the cell.

(iii) When air is taken in and let out, the lungs always contain a residual volume 1
of air so that there is sufficient time for the oxygen to be absorbed and for
the carbon dioxide to be released / volume of air present in lung after
exhalation.
OR
(b)  A potted plant is taken and kept in dark for 24 hrs to destarch it.
 Cover a part of a leaf of the plant with black paper to prevent that area from
getting sunlight.
• Keep the plant in sunlight for 24 hours.
• Pluck the leaf, remove the black paper, boil it in alcohol and dipthe leaf in
iodine solution for starch test.
• The covered part showed no change in colour indicating that starch has not
been produced due to the absence of sunlight.
• The rest of the leaf turned blue black proving that starch is produced during 3
½×6
photosynthesis and sunlight is essential for that.
30. • Adrenaline hormone; Adrenal gland ½, ½
• Response-
Heart beats faster resulting in supply of more oxygen to muscles
 Breathing rate increases
 Blood supply to digestive system and skin reduced.
 Blood supply diverted to skeletal muscles. 1×2
(Any 2) 3

31. (a) Here h = 3 cm; f = – 12 cm, u = - 18 cm, ½

(Award full marks if data not written but calculations are correct)
(i)
v = ?, h′ = ?
1 1 1 ½
= +
f v u
1 1 1 1 1 ½
= - = -
v f u – 12 cm – 18 cm
 v = – 36 cm
½

X_086_31/2/1_Science # Page-6
 (ii)
v ½
h′ = –  h
u
– 36 cm
h′ = (–)  3 cm = – 6 cm ½
– 18 cm
OR
(b)• Power of lens : Ability of a lens to converge or diverge light rays falling on
1
it / Degree of convergence or divergence of light achieved by a lens /
Reciprocal of focal length of lens in metre. (Any one)
 It is diverging/concave lens ½
 P = 𝑓(𝑚)
1
= 𝑓(𝑐𝑚)
100
½

100
P= = – 10 D ½
– 10 cm
 Sign of magnification = + or positive ½ 3

32.  Overloading : Overloading of an electrical circuit happens when an excessive 1

amount of electric current flows through the wires.
 Two causes :
(i) Contact between live and neutral wire/ short circuiting ½
(ii) Connecting too many appliances to a single socket. ½
(iii) Accidental hike in supply voltage (Any two points) (Any other)
 Preventive measure :
(i) To use wires of proper insulation/proper rating
(ii) Not connecting too many appliances to a single socket.
(iii) fuse wires (Any one) 1 3
33.  Some harmful substances like pesticides are used to protect crops. When these
chemicals are washed down in the soil or water bodies, they are absorbed by
plants along with water and minerals and by animals from water. When we 2
consume these food items, the pesticides enter our body.

(Alternate answer : If the child explains the question through food chain,
credit marks.)

 As human beings occupy the top level in any food chain, maximum 1
concentration of these chemicals get accumulated in them. 3

SECTION— D

X_086_31/2/1_Science # Page-7
34. (a) ‘X’ – CH3COOH / Ethanoic Acid / Acetic Acid ½
‘Y’ – C2H5OH / Ethanol ½
‘Z’ – CH3COOC2H5 / Ethyl Ethanoate ½
Acid
• CH3COOH + C2H5OH ⎯⎯ ⎯ ⎯→ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
catlyst
1
• Esterification Reaction
½
NaOH
• CH3COOC2H5 ⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯→ C2H5OH + CH3COONa
1
• Saponification Reaction
½
• It is used in the preparation of soap.
½

OR

(b) (i)  Methane / CH4

½

 Covalent bond / Single Covalent bond/ Single bond

½
(ii) Biogas; Compressed Natural gas / CNG
½, ½
(iii)  Alkanes ;  CnH2n+2
½, ½
(iv) Clean flame/blue flame 5
1
35. (a) (i)

Nervous Control Hormonal Control

1. Messages are sent as an electrical 1. Messages are carried in the form of

impulse. chemicals (hormone)

2. It is carried through Neurons.

2. It is carried through blood .
3. Nerve impulses produce rapid
3. Hormones produce slow responses.
responses.

X_086_31/2/1_Science # Page-8
 4. Nerve impulses produce 4. Hormones produce long lasting
short lived responses. responses.
(or Any other) (Any three) 1×3

(ii)  When growing shoot is exposed to unidirectional light, it results in auxin

1
shifting towards the shaded side.

 More auxin causes more growth of shoot in the shaded side resulting in the
1
bending of stem towards source of light.

OR
(b) (i)
Disorder Gland

(I) Gigantism Pituitary

(II) Delay in Puberty Ovary

(III) Goitre Thyroid ½×6

(ii) The timing and amount of hormone released are regulated by feedback 1
mechanisms.

Example – • If the sugar level in the blood rises more insulin is produced. 1 5
• As blood sugar level falls, insulin secretion is reduced.

36. (a) 

1½

(Deduct ½ mark for not marking arrows)

½
 Magnification = -1

½
(b) (i) u = – 16 cm; f : + 12 cm

1 1 1
½
Formula − =
v u f

X_086_31/2/1_Science # Page-9
 1 1 1 1 1 +1 ½
Substitution Result = + = + +
v u f – 16 cm 12 cm 48 cm
or V = + 48 cm or v = + 48 cm ½
(Award full marks if data not written but calculations are correct)
v ½
(iv) hi =  h0
u
+ 48 cm
=  2 cm
– 16 cm
= – 6 cm 5
½
Image is 6 cm in size.
SECTION—E
37. (a) (i) Groups A and B – less than 7 ½
(ii) Group C – greater than 7 ½

(b) pH paper and universal indicator. ½, ½

(c) • Copper vessel is tarnished due to formation of basic copper oxide.

• Lemon juice being acidic react with copper oxide and the salt formed is
2
washed away.

OR
(c)  An optimal pH is required for digestion.
 Change in pH can cause tooth decay
 Animals and plants defend themselves through change in pH.
 Survival of aquatic life becomes difficult when pH of river water becomes
1×2
low.
(or any other) (Any two) 4
38. ½, ½
(a) Leishmania – Binary fission ; Plasmodium – Multiple fission

(b) Sexual reproduction leads to more variations which are useful for 1
ensuring the survival of a species.
(c) (i) sugar solution provides nutrients for growth and multiplication whereas 1
water does not do.
(ii) Moisture is required for the growth of Rhizopus. 1

OR
(c)  Spirogyra
 Fragmentation – Spirogyra simply breaks up into smaller pieces upon ½
maturation. Each piece grows into a new individual. ½, 1 4

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39. (a) • Both have same reading / A1 = A3 ½
• Both are connected in series ½
1
(b) Reading of A2 = A as current is equally divided in the four identical
4
1
resitors . /Reading of A2 = times Reading of A3. / A2 =0.25 A / A2 <A3
4
1 1 1 𝑅
(c) = + / Rp = 1
𝑅𝑝 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑛

1 1 1 3 ½
= + Rp = 
Rp 3 3 2
V=IR ½
3 3
V1 = 1A × = V = 1·5V ½
2 2
OR ½
1 1 1
= +
Rp 3 3
3
 Rp = 
2
1 1 1 1 ½
= + +
Rp 3 3 3

 Rp = 1 
2
½
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
Rp 3 3 3 3
3
 Rp = 
3 4

3 3 13 ½
 R = Rp + Rp + Rp =  + 1 +   =  / 3.25 
1 2 3 2 4 4
4
½
****************

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