Special Edition , ;

Intermediate
Student's Book

Liz and John Soars

OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
CONTENTS LANGUAGE INPUT
', UNIT GRAMMAR VOCABULARY EVERYDAY ENGLISH
1 It's a wonderful world! Auxiliary verbs What's in a word? Everyday situations
p6
do, be, have p7 Parts of speech and meaning I need to make an
Naming the tenses Spelling and pronunciation appointment.
Present, Past, Present Perfect p7 Word formation A medium latte, please.
Questions and negatives Words that go together Have here or take
What did you do last night? Keeping vocabulary records away?
Cows don't eat meat. p7 p12 p13
Short answers
Yes, I did. p8

Present tenses Positive and negative Making small talk

2 The working week Simple and continuous
p14 adjectives It's such an old city,
What does she do? p14 hard-working p19 isn't it?
State verbs Free time activities Oh, good.
like, know, understand pIS go cycling Really?
Passive a recipe, to peel p20 Have you? p2I
People are employed ...
I'm being served. p17
How often ... ?
hardly ever
twice a year pIS

3 Telling tales Past tenses Spelling and pronunciation Giving opinions

p22 Past Simple and Contin uous good /god/, food Ifu:dl Did you enjoy the
He put his hand in his pocket and pulled male, mail football match?
out a coin. p23 l u:! tooth truth juice p25 It was really boring! I
Past Simple and Past Perfect fell asleep and missed
I didn 't laugh at his joke. the only goal. p29
Why? Had you heard it before? p24
Past Passive
A Farewell to Arms was written by
Ernest Hemingway. p27

Stop and Check 1 Teacher's Book

4 Doing the right thing Modal ver~s (1) - obligation and Nationality words Requests and offers
permission Japan the Japanese Could you ... ?
p30
have (got) to, can, be allowed to Spain the Spanish Would you .. . ?
Children have to go to school. Countries and adjectives Can I ... ?
I can stay at my brother's house. Greece Greek I'll ...
We're allowed to wear jeans. p31 Italy Italian p36 Shall I ... ? p37
should, must
We should take traveller's cheques.
You must write to us every week. p33

Future forms The weather Travelling around

5 On the move going to and will It's sunny. Using public transport
p38
I'm going to buy some. sunshine Requests in a hotel p45
I'll get a loaf p39 The sun's shining. p44
Present Con tinuous
We're playing tennis this afternoon. p39

Questions with like Describing food, cities, Signs and sounds

6 I just love it! What's he like? and people Dry clean only
p46
What does he look like? fresh Just looking, thanks.
What does he like doing? p47 polluted p53
Verb patterns sophisticated p52
I enjoyed meeting your friends. Collocations
I just wanted to say thank you. fresh food
You made me feel welcome. p49 historic cities
elderly people p52

Stop ana Check 2 Teacher's Book _

2
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
READING SPEAKING LISTENING WRITING pI02

'Wonders of the modern world' Information gap - a UN Goodwill My wonders - three generations Correcting mistakes (1) - finding
- amazing technological and Ambassador p9 give their ideas about the and correcting language mistakes
scientific achievements plO Discussion - what's the most wonders of the modern world in an informal letter pI 03
important invention? pl2 pl2

'Charles, Prince of Wales' - the Talking about you - how often do Who earns how much? Letters and emails pI04
private and public man pIS you do things? pIS How much do different jobs pay?
Project - interviewing someone pl7
about their job p 16
Talking about your free time
activities p20

'Two writers' - the lives of Agatha Information gap - 'An amazing Classic novels - people talk about A narrative pl06
Christie and Ernest Hemingway thing happened!' p2S their favourite books p2S
(jigsaw) p26 Describing a book p28

'A world guide to good manners' ­ Talking about rules and Come round to my place! ­ For and against piOS
how to behave abroad p34 regulations p32 entertaining friends in three
Roleplay - starting a new job different countries p36
p33
Discussion - what advice would
you give a fore ign visitor?
p34

'My kind of holiday' - a travel agent Arranging to meet p41 A weather forecast p44 Making a reservation pl09
talks about his holidays p42 Discussion - your ideal holiday
p42

'Global pizza' - the history of the Talking about popular food and New York and London ­ A description (1) pllO
world's favourite food pSO popular places to eat pSO An English couple talks
Discussion - restaurants, cities about living in New York; an
and people you know pS2 American gives his impressions
of living in London (jigsaw)
pS2

3
 LANGUAGE INPUT
NIT GRAMMAR VOCABULARY EVERYDAY ENGLISH
7 Just the job! Present Perfect Phrasal verbs On the phone
pS4 Present Perfect versus Past Simple Literal or idiomatic? Can I take a message?
I've worked there for five years. She looked out ofthe window. Would you like to hold?
I worked for the BBe. pSS Look out! p60 p61
Present Perfect passive Separable or inseparable?
Two Spanish novelists have been awarded turn on
the Nobel Prize for literature. pS7 turn it on p60

Conditionals Base and strong adjectives Making suggestions

8 Just imagine! First conditional good wonderful Let's go shopping!
p62 If I see Anna, I'll tell her. p63 tired exhausted p6S Why don't you ask your
Second conditional Modifying adverbs parents? p69
If I had £5 million, I'd buy an island. very tired
p64 absolutely wonderful p68
Time clauses
When we get there, we'll give you a call.
p63

Modal verbs (2) - probability Character adjectives Agreeing and disagreeing

9 Making connections must, could, might, can't reliable So do If
p 70 It could be a duck. sociable Neither do If p77
You must be very worried. p 70 easygoing p76
must have, could have, might have, can 't
have
It could have been her suitcase.
She must have been on holiday. p73

Stop and Check 3 Teacher's Book

Present Perfect Continuous Likes and dislikes Making the right noises
10 Special interests Present Perfect Simple versus Continuous adore Agreement, sympathy,
p7S He has been practising the test for the loathe pS4 pleasure, and surprise
past five years. p7S Brilliant!
Questions and answers You didn't! p8S
How long have you been learning
English? p78
Time expressions
She's been living in Paris since she got
married. pSO

Indirect questions Verbs and nouns that go Informal English

11 If you ask me, .. , I wonder if you could help me. together What do you say we
p86 I don't know what time the banks close. whistle a tune break for lunch?
p86 lick an ice-cream p93 What's up? p93
Question tags Idioms
I've got a meeting this afternoon, hold your breath
haven't I? p88 hit the roof p93

Reported speech Ways of speaking You know what they

12 Telling it how it is Reported statements suggest, advise, admit, deny say ...
p94 She said that she was a student. p9S p97 Cliches
Reported questions It's not the end of the
I thought she worked in an office. p9S world.
Reported requests/commands Rather you than me
I asked her what was happening. plOl
I wondered if there'd been an accident.
p97

Stop aljld Check 4 Teacher's Book

Tapescripts pl20 Grammar Reference p134 Pairwork activities plSI

4
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
READING SPEAKING LISTENING WRITING
'Dream jobs' - two people describe Discussion - what's in the news The busy life of a retired man ­ An email of application p 112
their jobs (jigsaw) today? ps7 a man talks to his grandson
ps8 Roleplay - interviewing someone about life since retirement p6l
about their dream job ps8

'Philanthropists round the world' Discussion - what would you do Three charities - who they are From notes to writing p1l4
- rich individuals giving money with £5 million? p6s and what they do p68
to help poorer people p66 Discussion - what charities
would you support? p68

'The man who planted trees' Quiz - what type of person are Optical illusions - two people talk A description (2) p1l6
p74 you? p76 about a set of optical illusions
Discussion - what size is the p70
perfect family? p77 Brothers and sisters - two people
talk about their families p77

'The beautiful game' - football past Your feelings about football and Things I'm passionate about ­ Writing a biography p1l7
and present p82 its place in the world p82 five people talk about their
Things you feel passionate about passions p84
p84

'How well do you know your Information gap - Finding out The forgetful generation ­ Words that join ideas p 118
world? You ask ... we answer!' about Zinedine Zidane p87 a radio programme p92
p90 Stories of forgetfulness p92

'Tales of dangerous journeys' ­ Exchanging information ­ She didn't say that - spotting Correcting mistakes (2) pl19
remarkable journeys made by two comparing the journeys of inaccuracies in five
famous leaders (jigsaw) p98 Hannibal and Mao Zedong conversations p96
p98 Tell me your fears - three people
Discussion - people and their talk about what they're afraid
phobias plOO of plOD
The psychologist's view - a
psychologist explains phobias
and their treatment plOO

Irregular verbs pls7 Verb patterns pls8 Phonetic symbols pls9

5
 Tenses • Auxiliary verbs • Short answers • What's in a word? • Everyday situations

STARTER
WHAT DO YOU KNOW?
Tenses and auxiliary verbs
Make questions with you from the
sentences.
Answer the questions in the quiz.
I come from Scotland. (Where?)
Where do you come from? DO Listen and check.
2 I was born in Amman in 1984. (Where? When?)
3 I live in Abu Dhabi. (Where?)
4 I've got two brothers and asister. (HOW many?)
5 I'm studying English because I need it for
my job. (Why?)
6 I've been studying English for three years.
(How long?)
7 I've been to Egypt, Turkey, and France.
(Which countries?)
8 I went to Canada three years ago. (When?)

2 Ask and answer the questions with

a partner.

Ghere do you come from?

( ~1ere were YOU,.b_o_r_n_?_ _ _ _...... r.:I What doesn't a

When did the modern R:I vegetarian eat?
In Al Kharj, a Olympic Games start?
city near Riyadh. What does www.
a 1806 b 1896 c 1922
• stand for?
A How long does it
3 Tell the class about your partner. ~ take for the sun's rays IIPI Where were glasses
Waleed comes from LeballOlI. He was borll ill to reach the Earth? . . invented?
Sidoll ill IQgS, but 1I0W he lives ill Beirut. a 8 minutes a Mexico
b 8 hours b Italy
C 8 days c China
K:'I What was Neil r:1 How many times
I!I Armstrong doing when ~ has Brazil won the
he said in 1969, 'That's one World Cup?
small step for a man, one
giant leap for mankind.'?

6 Unit 1 . It's a wonderful world!

 GRAMMAR SPOT : PRACTICE
Negatives and pronunciation
1 Which questions in the quiz contain the following tenses?
Present Past Present Perfect Correct the information in the sentences.
Simple Simple Simple 1 The sun rises
Present Past Present Perfect The sun doesn't rise in the
in the west.
Continuous Continuous Continuous 2 Cows eat meat.
Present Simple Past Simple 3 Mercedes-Benz cars
passive passive
are made in Canada.
2 Which tenses use the auxiliary verbs do/does/did to 4 Neil Armstrong landed on the moon in 1989.
make the negative and question? S The Titanic was sailing to Southampton when it
Which tenses use the auxiliary verb have? sank.
Which tenses use the auxiliary verb be? 6 The Pyramids were built by the Chinese.
~ Grammar Reference 1.1-1.3 pp134-135 7 We've been in class for five hours.
8 We're studying Arabic.

2 In groups, write some general knowledge questions. DO Listen and compare. Notice the stress and
intonation. Practise saying the sentences.
Ask the other groups.
Talking about you
2 Complete the questions.
1 A What do last night?
B I stayed at home and watched television.
2 A What kind of books like reading?
B Horror stories and science fiction.
3 A ____ ever been to the United States?
BYes, I have. I went there last year.
A ____ like it?
B Yes, I really enjoyed it.
4 A What the teacher ?
B He's helping Hassan with this exercise.
S A your father do?
• Where was the Titanic sailing to when B He works in a bank.
it sank? 6 A Why do your homework last night?
a Southampton b Rio de Janeiro c New York B Because I didn't feel well.
I Which language is spoken by the most 7 A What doing next weekend?
people in the world? B I'm going to a wedding.
a Spanish b Chinese c English 8 A you a TV in your bedroom?
m Why didn't dinosaurs B No; I haven't. Just a computer.
W attack humans? IDI Listen and check. With a partner, ask and
a Because they were vegetarian. answer the questions about you.
b Because they became extinct
before humans were on the earth. is or has?
c Because they didn't run fast enough.
~ How long have people been
3 IDI Listen to the sentences. They all contain's.
Write is or has.
W sending emails?
1 _is_ 3 5 7
a since the 1960s
b since the 1970s 2 4 6 8
c since the 1990s

Unit 1 • It's a wonderful world! 7

MAKING CONVERSATION
Short answers

1 DO Listen to the breakfast

conversation. How does Elliot feel?

Dad Good morning! Did you

have a nice time yesterday?
Elliot Yes.
Dad Do you want breakfast?
Elliot No.
Dad Have you had any coffee?
Elliot Yes.
Dad Is Toby coming round
tonight?
Elliot No.
Dad OK. Are you leaving for
school soon?
Elliot Yes.

2 mI Listen to a similar conversation.

What are the differences?
3 Complete the conversation.
Dad Good morning! Did you have
a nice time yesterday?
Elliot Yes, · I went round
to Toby's house.
Dad Do you want breakfast?
Elliot No, , thanks. I'm not
hungry.
Dad Have you had any coffee?
Elliot Yes, · I don't want
any more, thanks. GRAMMAR SPOT
Dad Is Toby coming round
We use short answers in English conversation because yes or no on its
tonight? own can sound impolite. It helps if you can add some information.
Elliot No, . He's going out
for dinner with his family.
Dad OK. Are you leaving for school
soon?
Elliot Yes, · As soon as I've
finished this exercise.
2 Reply to these questions using a short answer. Add some information.
lID Listen again and check. Do you like cooking? No, I dOIl't. But' like eatillgl
Have you got any brothers or sisters?
4 Close your books. Try to remember Is it cold out today?
the conversation. Are you working hard?
Did you go out yesterday evening?
Have you ever been to Singapore?
~ Grammar Reference 1.4 pUS

5 og Listen to the questions. Answer using a short answer, and add

some information.

8 Unit 1 . It's awonderful world!

PRACTICE
Conversations

1 Match a question in A with a short answer in B and a line in C.

A B (

1 Do yO" like st"dying English? ~ No, I haven't. It's freezing.

2 Is it a nice day today? Yes, lam. ~ -It's my favourite subject.
3 Have you seen my pen? Yes, I do. I couldn't afford to.
4 Are you staying at home this evening? No, I didn't. Do you want to come round?
5 Did you go on holiday last summer? No, it isn't. You can borrow mine if you want.

lID Listen and check. Practise the conversations with a partner.

2 Read the class survey and add two questions of your own. Stand up! Ask three students the questions and
complete the chart. Remember to add some information in your reply.

Class Survey 3
1 Have you got a computer at home? 0 0 0
2 Are you interested in any sports? 0 0 0
b\
3 Do you do any exercise?
It Did you watch TV last night?
0 0 0
0 0 0
5 Have you been to another country? 0 0 0
6 Are you going to do anything after class? 0 0 0
7 0 0 0
8 0 0 0

Getting information

3 The United Nations invites famous people from all over the
world to be Goodwill Ambassadors. Work with a partner.
You each have different information about Henri Bernard,
a writer, who works for the UN.
Ask and answer questions.
Student A Look at plSl.
Student B Look at plS2.

In Lyon, France. How many books has he written?

Unit 1 • It's a wonderful world! 9

 READING AND SPEAKING
Wonders of the modern world

Match each topic in A with two items in B.

A B

International travel solar system

airlines
Medical science competition
online
The Internet corn
health care
Agriculture drug abuse
penicillin
Space travel famine
galaxies
The Olympic Games abroad
website

2 Read the text about the wonders

of the world. Write a topic from A
in the paragraph headings 1-6.
1 Answer the questions.
1 What has changed because of the
Internet? What will happen with
the Internet?
I don't believe that today's wonders are similar in
2 What has happened in space
exploration since 1969? kind to the wonders of the Ancient World. They were
3 What is the most noticeable result of all buildings, such as the Pyramids in Egypt, or other
better health care? architectural structures. Over the past 100 years,
4 X:= the number of people who we have seen amazing technological and scientific
travelled abroad in the nineteenth
achievements. These are surely our modern wonders.
century. What does X also equal?
5 What are the good and bad things
about the Olympics? 1
6 What point was Jonathan Swift
It is everywhere. More than two billion people use it, and the number of
making about farmers and politicians?
people who are online increases by 100 million every year. In 1994 there
7 'Weare still here!' Why is this a wonder?
were only a few hundred web pages. Today there are billions.
8 What do these numbers refer to?
It has revolutionized the way we live and work. But we are still in the
11010 millionafew hundred 1969 early days. Soon there will be more and more interactivity between the
~llions of people 47 four 1709 50 user and the website, and we will be able to give instructions using speech.

Talking about you 2

4 In groups, discuss one of these questions. In 1969, Neil Armstrong stepped out of his space capsule onto the
surface of the moon and made his famous statement: 'That's one small
• What are your favourite websites? step for a man, one giant leap for mankind'. Since then, there have been
• When did you last travel by plane? Where space probes to Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and even to the sun. One day, a
were you going? space observatory will study how the first stars and galaxies began.
• Are there any stories about health care in the
So far, it seems that we are alone in the universe. There are no signs
news at the moment?
yet that there is intelligent life outside our own solar system. But who
• What sporting events are taking place now or knows what the future holds?
in the near future?

10 Unit 1 • It's a wonderful world!

3 6
Surely nothing has done more for the comfort and In 1724, Jonathan Swift wrote, 'Whoever makes two blades
happiness of the human race than the advances in health of grass or two ears of corn grow where only one grew before
care! How many millions of people have benefited from serves mankind better than the whole race of politicians'.
the humble aspirin? How many lives has penicillin saved? In Europe our farmers have done this. In 1709,
Average life expectancy worldwide has risen dramatically
whole villages in France died of hunger. Now
over the past 100 years, from about 47 years in 1900 to
in Europe, we can't eat all the food we produce.
about 77 years today.
If only politicians could find a way to
it with those parts of the world wh
4 there is famine.
We are a world on the move. Airlines carry more than 1.5
billion people to their destinations every year. It is estimated 7 We are still here!
that, at anyone time these days, there are as many people
travelling in aeroplanes as the total number of people who The last wonder of the modern
travelled abroad in the whole of the nineteenth century (but I world is simply that we are still h
have no idea how they worked this out!). We have had nuclear weapons for
over 50 years that could destroy
the world, but we haven't used
5 them to do it. This is surely
It is true that they are now commercialized, and there is the greatest wonder
greed and drug abuse. However, it is a competition in which of all.
almost every country in the world takes part. Every four years,
for a brief moment, we see the world come together in peace
and friendship. We feel hope again for the future of mankind.
 LISTENING AND SPEAKING VOCABULARY AND
My wonders PRONUNCIATION
What's in aword?
l1li Listen to three people from the same family
saying what they think are the wonders of the modern
These exercises will help you with your vocabulary
world. Complete the chart.
learning.

Parts of speech and meaning

These sentences all contain the nonsense word uggy.
Is uggy used as a verb, an adjective, a noun, or an
adverb? How do you know?
1 I like carrots, peas, and potatoes, but I don't like
uggy.
2 There was a lot of snow on the road.
Unfortunately, I uggied on some ice and crashed
into a tree.
3 When the rain started, they went uggily back into
the house.
4 After an uggy day at work, with meetings and
phone calls all day, I was ready for a quiet
evening.
Can you guess what uggy means in the four
sentences?
Which real English word goes in each sentence?
What is the What's good Are there any • hurriedly • skidded • hectic • broccoli
wonder? about it? problems?
Samir televisiol1 Spelling and pronunciation
2 In these groups three words rhyme, but one is
Jad different. Work with a partner and read them aloud.
Underline the word in each group which has a
different vowel sound.
Marw.an ~ Phonetic symbols p159

1 l ui or lu: /? good food wood stood

2 Ii:! or Ie/? bread head read (present) read (past)
2 Work with a partner. Which of these inventions do you 3 l eII or l ei ? paid made played said
think is the most important? Mark them for the rn 4 I A! or I;;}u/? done phone sun won
most important to [K! for the least important. 5 /e;;}1 or II;;}!? dear hear bear near
6 13:1 or h :/? work fork walk talk
D the computer D nuclear weapons
D the car o the space rocket IIIl!J Listen and check. What do you notice about
English spelling?
o the television o the mobile phone
o the aeroplane o the space satellite 3 Here are some of the words from exercise 2 in
phonetic symbols. Read them aloud, then write them.
3 Work in groups offour. Work together to agree on the 1 /fu :d/ 5 /ri:d/ _ __
three most important inventions. Which has changed
2 Im';)/ 6 /w3:k/ _ __
the world the most?
3 /studl _ _ __ 7 Ifgun / ____
4 Talk together as a class. What other machines, 4 /perd/ _ __ 8 /W':xk/ _ __
inventions, or discoveries would you add to the list?
mIl Listen and check.

12 Unit 1 • It's a wonderful world!

Word formation EVERYDAY ENGLISH
4 Write different forms of the word employ using Everyday situations
the suffixes in the box.
I -ees -able -ed -ment -er I 1 Work with a partner. Where could you hear the following
lines of conversation? Who is talking to who?
1 Express International is a very good 1 I need to make an appointment. It's quite urgent.
employ_ _ - they pay well and they're very I've lost a filling.
good to their workers. 2 A medium latte and a muffin, please.
2 Our company has over 500 employ_ _ .
3 I can't make the meeting. I'm stuck in traffic.
3 I've had a part-time job for six years but I'm
4 Can you put in your PIN number and press 'Enter'?
looking for full-tim e employ_ _ now.
5 Sparkling or still? And do you want ice and lemon in it?
4 Where are you employ_ _ at the m oment?
5 He hasn't had a job for years and has no 6 I don't think you've met Greg. He's joining us from our
qualifications - I don't think he's really New York office.
employ_ _ at the moment. 7 How many bags are you checking in?
8 The lift's on your right. Would you
Words that go together like someone to help you with
your luggage?
5 Match a word in A with a word in B. 9 Please hold. Your call is
important to us. All our
II II operators are busy at the
strong carefully moment, but one of
them will be with you
full-time coffee shortly ...
sports part 10 There are still tickets
drive a sweater for the Arsenal match
but this Saturday's
take star game has sold out, I'm
tryon job afraid.
2 Match a line from exercise
Keeping vocabulary records 1 with a reply.
a [1J Just the one.
6 Discuss how you can keep vocabulary records.
b 0 Never mind. We'll start
• Do you have a special notebook or do you record your
without you and brief you
vocabulary electronically?
later.
• Do you write a sentence with the new word?
c 0 Hello. Good to meet you. I've
• Do you write the translation?
heard a lot about you.
What about pronunciation?
dONo, thank you. I'll manage.

o My notes
records I' reb :dzl noun
e 0 That's fine. We'll have two, please, one adult, and one
child.
f 0 H ave here or take away?
a written note of something g 0 Oh no! I can't remember my number for this card.
• I keep vocabulary records. Oh what is it?
Translation = w~ h 0 If I have to wait any longer, I'll go mad!
o Sparkling, please. Ice but no lemon.
record In 'b:dl verb
to write down or keep information
o We have a cancellation this afternoon. 2.45, if that's
electronically OK?
• I record my vocabulary electronically IIIiI Listen and check. How does each conversation end?
3 Listen again. Pay attention to the stress and intonation.
Practise some of the conversations with your partner.

Unit 1 • It's awonderful world! 13

 Present tenses • Free time activities • Passive • Numbers and dates

STARTER
Look at the pairs of sentences. Which one is correct? Why?
1 They have a young son. 3 Oh no! It rains! 5 Don't turn off the TV! I watch it.
They're having a young son. Oh no! It's raining! Don't turn off the TV! I'm watching it.
2 He speaks six languages. 4 We're thinking maths is boring. 6 English speaks all over the world.
He's speaking six languages. We think maths is boring. English is spoken all over the world.

MY FAVOURITE DAY OF THE WEEK

Present tenses - states and activities

Look at the photos.

What do the people do? What are they doing?
In pairs, ask and answer questions.
What does Adam do? He's a schoolboy.
What's he doing? He's doing his homework.

2 011 Listen to them talking about their favourite day

of the week. What is it? Why?
Adam's 1'avourite day of the week is ... because he ...
3 Listen again and complete the sentences.
1 _ _ _ _ with my parents during term-time.
2 I ._ _ _ _ day today.
3 ... it work at all. Time by.
4 The restaurant redecorated at the
moment ...
S I because it's challenging, but I
_______ surfing.
6 The boards in South Africa.
7 We rarely at the weekend ...
8 Now we're lambing, so we , either.
What else can you remember about each person?
Adam likes being with his friends all the time.
4 Work with a partner. What is your favourite and least
favourite day of the week? Why?

14 Unit 2 • The working week

 I

GRAMMAR SPOT

What are the tenses in these sentences? Why are they used?
I have two lessons on a Monday.
I'm having a bad day today.
Find more examples, active and passive, in 12.1 on p12l.
2 Which of these verb forms is right? Why is the other wrong?

I like I my job. I know I we're very lucky.

I'm liking I'm knowing
Some verbs are rarely used in continuous tenses. These are
called state verbs. Underline the five state verbs in the box.
love understand work want enjoy cost need learn

3 Adverbs of frequency (a/ways, never) answer the question

How often? Find examples in T2.1 on pU1.
~ Grammar Reference 2.1 and 2.2 pp135-136

PRACTICE I What's your ~ackgrouHd?

Questions and answers I'm 46, and I'm divorced. I have two kids, who I see once a
fortnight. I live in Devon, in the south-west of England. I'm a
Read about Dave, the police officer from p 14. Which police officer. I've been in the police force for over twenty years.
question goes with which paragraph? I love my job, but my passion is surfing.
How often do you go surfing? What do you think of your job? 1

What's yetlr baei<gretiflEl? Do you have a business? I work different shifts. The morning shift starts at 5.00, and I
can't stand that because I have to get up at 4.30. My favourite
Why do you like surfing? What hours do you work?
shift is 2.00 in the afternoon till midnight because I get home
What's your favourite day of the week? about 12.30. What's good is that I work ten hours a day for four
lID Listen and check. days, then have three days off.

2 Complete the questions about Dave. Then ask and 3 I - - - - - - - -- - - - - ­

~
My job is extremely busy and very hard. But I like it because it's
answer them with a partner. challenging, and I never know what's going to happen. I like
Has he got al1Y childrel1? Yes, two. working in a team.We look after each other and work together.
1 Has .. . any children? 6 What .. . think . . . while .. . surfing?
2 How often ... them? 7 Where . . . next month? 4 1 1
My work is very stressful, so I surf to get away from it all. It's just
3 Why ... morning shift? 8 .. . business doing well? me and the sea, and my mind switches off. I concentrate so hard
4 How many hours ... ? 9 What ... on Sunday evenings? on what I'm doing that I don't think about anything else.
5 What ... like about his job?
I I
IDI Listen and check. 5 I go surfing whenever I'm not working. Sometimes I'm on the
beach before 7.00 in the morning. I go all over the world surfing.
Talking about you Next month I'm going to Costa Rica, and in the autumn I'm
going to Thailand.
3 Make sentences about you using the prompts in the box.
, visit frieHds as ofteH as , caH. 6 I've got a surf school. I teach all ages, from kids to pensioners.
The business is doing well. I'm also opening two shops that sell
· . . as often as I can. · . . once a fortnight. surfboards.The boards are made in South Africa. They're the best.
· . . eight hours a day. · . . one evening a week. I n ,
· . . when I'm on holiday. · .. twice ayear.
· . . on a Sunday. I hardly ever . . . 7 I like Sundays best of al l. I work as a lifeguard all day, then
around 6.00 me and my mates barbecue some fish. Fantastic!
I always ... · .. whenever I'm not working.
I've been all round the world, but when I look around me, I think
there's nowhere else I'd rather be.
4 Talk to a partner about you. Tell the class about
your partner.
 Simple and continuous

011 Listen to two people talking about who's who in

The Office. What are their names? What are their jobs?

@] Simon ." Accountant

o Edward \ Human Resources (HR) Manoger
DAndy r-- Managing Director (MD)
o Jack Personal Assistant (PA)
o Matthew Information Technology (IT) Manager
o Christina Soles Director

2 What are the people doing? What are they wearing?

Simon's sitting at the top of the table reading something.
I-Ie's wearing ajumper.
lID Listen again. What comment is made about
each person?
Simon shouts a lot, but he listens as well.

3 Matc.h a job from exercise 1 with a job description and

a current project.
The MD is responsible for running the whole company.
Currently, he is ...

Job description Current project

is responsible for running the buying new hardware
whole company making bookings for a conference
makes appointments and visiting new customers in China
arrangements
recruiting new staff
negotiates prices and contracts
runs an IT support team discussing plans with the Board
is in charge of budget and cash flow preparing afinancial report
looks after employees

4 Work with a partner. Read the conversation aloud.

A What's your job?
B I'm a Human Resources Manager.
A So what do you do exactly?
B I look after the employees and their training.
A And what are you working on at the moment?
B I'm recruiting and interviewing. We're trying to State and activity verbs
find new staff for our office in Paris.
6 Are these sentences right (.I) or wrong (X)?
5 Make similar conversations using the jobs in exercise 1. Correct the wrong sentences.
Choose another job, for example, doctor, journalist ... 1 I'm not wanting an ice-cream.
2 Are you understanding what I'm saying?
3 I'm enjoying the course. It's great.
4 I'm thinking you're really nice.
5 What are you thinking about?
6 I'm not believing you. You're telling lies.
7 I'm knowing you're not agreeing with me.
S She's haVing a lot of money.

16 Unit 2 • The working week

Active and passive LISTENING AND SPEAKING
7 Read the statistics. Choose the correct form, Who earns how much?
active or passive. Do any of the statistics
surprise you? Work with a partner. Look at the chart. Discuss which job
you think goes with which salary.
STATISTICS ABOUT JOBS Who earns how much in Britain? *
AND MONEY IN THE UK
£120,000
1 Nearly half the population (29m) £22,500 £1 million
involve / are involved in some form Doctor Footballer
of empLoyment. £105,000 Senior Director Nurse £12,500
2 20% of the workforce
Teacher Supermarket cashier
employed / are employed by the state.
3 The average worker pays / is paid £11,000 Police officer Pilot £65,000
£27,000 a year. Lavvyer Farmer
4 The average worker pays / is paid £32,000 £750,000
£250,000 in tax in his or her Lifetime. £36,000
S Women earn / are earned on average * The average annual salary is £27,000.
17% less than men for full-time work.
2 You are going to hear two people discussing the chart.
6 Children give / are given lID Listen to Part 1. Answer the questions.
on average £7 a week pocket money.
1 Which jobs do they discuss?
7 The average househoLd spends / is spent Which salaries do they agree on?
£70 per week on transport. 2 Complete the sentences. ~

S 75% of British households They think a doctor earns either £ _ _ _ or £ =­

They think either a or a earns £750,000.
own / are owned a car.
They think a earns about £65,000.
3 What comment do they make about ... ?
• doctors • footballers • senior directors • pilots
8 Put the verbs in the present passive, simple
or continuous. 3 lID Listen to Part 2. Answer the questions.
1 'Can I help you?' 'I'm being served (serve), 1 Who do they think are the lowest earners?
2 How much do they think farmers earn?
thank you.'
3 Do they agree about a teacher's and a police officer's salary?
2 A lot of manufactured goods 4 What is the woman's final point?
(make) in Asia.
3 'Why are you getting the bus?' 'My car SPOKEN ENGLISH Giving opinions
(service).' Notice the ways of expressing an opinion.
4 Nearly 50% of the food we buy Ireckon .. . I'd say.. . Isuppose ...
(import). 2 Are these ways of agreeing or disagreeing?
5 The banking industry in the UK Ithink so too. Definitely. Iknow what you mean, but .. .
(situate) in London. I'm not so sure. Actually, . . . Absolutely.
6 service ) What do we mean when we say .. . ?
(include) in the bill? Could be. Maybe, maybe not. Possibly.
7 The hotel is closed while the bedrooms
(modernize).
8 Footballers (pay) far too
much money.

Unit 2 • The working week 17

 READING AND SPEAKING
Charles, Prince of Wales

What are the names of the people on

the balcony? What is the relationship
between them?
2 Work with a partner. Write down what
you know about Prince Charles. Compare
your ideas as a class.
He 's about 60.
He's heir to the British throtle.
The life ofa
3 What do you think occupies most of
his time? Write a number 0-5 next to
each activity, 0 = not at all, 5 = a lot.
!:J earning a living
hard-working
!:J hunting
[J entertaining
o travelling
future 7\ing
o performing royal duties
His eccentric habits are known to the world ,
D being with his family but the Prince of Wales has every reason to
feel content. A man with wide interests
4 Read the article. Answer the questions
after each part. and deep passions, he is finally happily
married. DANIELLA KENT reports.
Part 1
1 What gives you the impression that Charles is
extremely wealthy?
1 pRINCE CHARLES is often portrayed
2 What happens to his staff if they do well?
as bad-tempered and spoilt. There are
What happens if they don't?
stories that every day seven eggs are
Part 2 boiled for his breakfast so that he can find
3 What is the routine when he entertains at one that is cooked just the way he likes it.
Highgrove and Sandringham? His toothpaste is squeezed onto his
toothbrush for him. And his bath towel
4 What is the private side of Prince Charles? is folded over a chair in a particular
Part 3 way for when he gets out of his
S What are some of his public duties? royal bath.
6 What good deeds does he do? He has an enormous private staff ­
secretaries, deputy secretaries, press
Part 4 officers, four valets, two butlers,
7 'Prince Charles has everything'. What does he housekeepers, two chefs, two
have? What doesn't he have? chauffeurs, ten gardeners, an army
of porters, handymen, cleaners and
8 What is Duchy Originals? What is happening
maids. They are expected to get
to it? What does it sell?
everything right. When HRH
9 What title will Camilla have when Charles (His Royal Highness) feels they ­
is King? have performed their duties well,
10 In what different ways is Charles referred to? they are praised in a royal memo.
future Kill9 Prillce of Wales ... But if they have made mistakes,
they are called into his study and
told off. The Prince can get so
angry that he has been known
to have tantrums, throwing
things and screaming with rage ..'
18 Unit 2 • The working week
 VOCABULARY AND SPEAKING
Free time activities

What do you do when you aren't working?

Make a list of what you do in your free time.
go on the Net play golf go for a run

Who do you do it with? Where? Tell the class.

2 What activities can you see in the photos?
Which of them ... ?
• do you do alone, or with another person
• do you do at home, or in a special place
• needs special clothes or equipment

3 Which of these things go with the activities?

a drill arecipe
planting serving an ace
the sales asleeping bag
a racket ascrewdriver
scoring a goal a bargain
zoom keeping fit
sweating meditating
wearing a helmet atorch
concentrating weeding

4 Complete the diagram about cooking with

words from the box.
boiling to chop equipment ingredients
to mix acasserole dish a saucepan eggs
herbs and spices minced meat
an oven baking
roasting afood processor
olive oil to weigh

5 Choose an activity that you are interested food preparation

to peel
in. Draw a similar diagram and choose the
categories. Fill it in.
6 lID Listen to John talking about his
hobby. Make notes under these headings.
• Favourite hobby
• Where and when he does it
• Clothes and equipment
• What he likes about it
• The best bit

7 Work in small groups. Use the headings

from exercise 6 and your diagram to talk
about what you like doing in your free time.

20 Unit 2 • The working week

 .
The private and public man
2 Charles is eccentric and he admits it. He talks to trees and plants. He
wants to save wildlife, but enjoys hunting, shooting, and fishing. He
dresses for dinner, even ifhe's eating alone. He's a great socializer. Poets,
explorers, writers, broadcasters, philosophers, and politicians all eat at his
table. Arriving at Highgrove, his family home, on a Saturday afternoon,
guests are entertained in the height of luxury. They are then sent on
their way before lunch on Sunday.
The Prince also entertains extravagantly at Sandringham, one of the
Queen's homes, at least twice a year. There are picnic lunches on
the beach, and lavish dinners with organic food from Highgrove.
Conversation is lively, but the heir to the throne has to be careful what
he says, because he knows too well that anything he says in private may
be repeated in public.
The future monarch that we don't see is a man of great humour, who
cares passionately about the state of the British nation. He is madly in
love with 'his darling wife', which is how he refers to Camilla in public.
He is also devoted to his two children, William and Harry. He spoke
of his delight at William's marriage to Catherine Middleton in 2011,
calling her 'the daughter we never had' .

...
Jl dutiful life
3 Together Charles and Camilla perform royal duties, both at home and
abroad. He attends over 500 public engagements a year. He visits
hospitals, youth groups, charities, and business conferences. He hosts
receptions to welcome visiting heads of state ' and VIPs. He travels
abroad extensively, as an ambassador of the United Kingdom, 5 Now you have read the article, have you
representing trade and industry. .
changed your mind about any of your
Charles works hard to promote greater ,understanding between answers in exercise 3?
different religions, and is patron of the Oxford Centre for Islamic
Studies at the University of Oxford. He is also President of the Prince's Vocabulary work
Charities, which are active in promoting education, business, the
environment, and opportunities for young people. The group raises Which of these adjectives are positive and
£110 million annually. After the floods in Pakistan in 2010, the Prince which are negative?
started the Pakistan Recovery Fund, to raise money for health,
education, and reconstruction . hard-working - positive
Rare ',verkiRg bad-tempered

'*'
spoilt eccentric old-fashioned
sociable cautious passionate
Everything except the top job frustrated successful well-intentioned
Since his second marriage, Prince Charles has everything he wants
except, as Diana (who was killed in a car accident in 1997) used to call
it, 'the top job'. Yet despite not being on the throne, he has worked hard Give an example of Charles' life or
to accomplish so much. He is concerned about the state of the country behaviour that illustrates each adjective.
he loves, and shows his frustration that governments do little to tackle hard-working - J./e performs a lot of royal duties,
those problems about which he feels so strongly. and does charity work.
The Prince of Wales has his own food company, Duchy Originals. It
originally sold biscuits, but is now expanding to become one of Britain's
best-known and most successful organic brands, with over 200 different
products, including food , drinks, and hair and body care products.
Charles, well-intentioned, hard-working, conservative and old­
fashioned, continues to do his duty as he sees it. But he is no longer
alone. One day he will be King, and his darling Camilla will be HRH
The Princess Consort.
Unit 2 • The working week 19
EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Numbers and dates

406
Say the numbers. 128
15 50 72

90 19 850 36 1,520
247 100,000
5,000 2,000,000
DB Listen and practise.
2 Say the numbers.

Money
£400 SOp € 9 .40 € 4 7 .99 ¥5,000 $100

Fractions
7/8

Decimals and percentages

6.2 17.25 50% 75.7% 100%

Dates
1995 2020 1789 15/7/94 30/10/02

Phone numbers
01865-556890 800451-7545 919 677-1303

lID Listen and practise.

3 IDI1J Listen to the conversations. Write the numbers you hear.
1 fifteellth 4 _ __ _ _ _ _ __
2 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
3
DODD DODD DODD DODD
Discuss what each number refers to with a partner. The 15th is a date.
4 Work with a partner. Write five numbers that are important
in your life and explain why.

Unit 2 • The working week 21

 Past tenses • Passive . Spelling and pronunciation . Giving opinions

STARTER
A FOLK TALE
Past tenses
Match the sentences and pictures.
1 When Saad arrived home, Nour
1 Look at the pictures. They tell the story of two brothers going out into the
cooked dinner.
world to seek their fortune. What can you see? What do you think the
2 When Saad arrived home, Nour
was cooking dinner.
story is about?
3 When Saad arrived home, Nour 2 Read the story on p23 and the phrases below. Complete the story with the
had cooked dinner. phrases a-f.
What is the difference in meaning? a were seeking their fortune
b had never seen anything so beautiful
c were walking through some woods
d When the man had gone
e was carrying a heavy old sack
f had become bored with life
IBI Listen and check. What do you think is the moral of the story?

22 Unit 3 . Telling tales

 GRAMMAR SPOT 1 : Pronunciation

Which tense is used in these two sentences? Which verbs are 3 Work with a partner. Write the verbs from the box
regular? Which are irregular? in the chart according to the pronunciation of the
He put his hand in his pocket and pulled out a coin. -ed ending.
'Take if, said the man, and walked off into the woods.
~ decided pulled looked answered
Find more examples in the story and underline them.
pOinted walked opened shouted smiled
2 What are the tenses in these sentences? What is the
difference in meaning? It I Idl IIdl
The old man smiled when the boy took the jewel.
The old man was smiling when the boy took the jewel. stopped
The old man smiled when the boy had taken the jewel.
3 Find an example of the Past Simple passive in the story. I
~ Grammar Reference 3.1-3.4 pp137-139 DO Listen, check, and practise.

ONCE, there were two brothers who (1) _ _ in their small were asked again. 'I do' shouted the older brother, and took the
village, so they decided to go out into the world to seek their jewel.
fortune. As they (2) , they saw an old man. He was dressed The old man smiled and pointed to his sack. 'Now, who will
in rags, and (3) _ _. help me carry this to the next town ?' The older brother said
The old man stopped and asked the boys where they were nothing, but the younger brother bent down to lift the sack.
going. They told him that they (4) _ _. 'I can help you', he 'Take it with you', said the man, 'and everything that's inside it.'
said. He put his hand in his pocket and pulled out a golden coin. 'I can't', said the boy, 'it isn't mine.'
'Whi ch one of you wants this?' he asked. 'Take it, and say that it was given to you as a gift: said the man,
'I do', answered the older brother immediately, and took it and walked off into the woods.
from the old man. The man then pulled out an enormous jewel. (6) , the boy opened the sack. It was filled with precious
The two brothers (5) _ _. 'And who wants this?', the boys jewels and coins.
 PRACTICE
What was he doing?
Majid works for MicroSmart Computers in
Abu Dhabi. Read about what he did yesterday.

6.30 got up
6.45 - 7.15 packed his suitcase
7.30 - 8.30 drove to the airport
9.20- 10.15 flew to Muscat
11.00 - 12.45 had a meeting
1.00 - 2.15 had lunch
2.30 - 4.15 visited Dot Com Enterprises
5.30 - 6.15 wrote a report at the hotel
8.00 .- 8.45 had dinner
9.00 - 11.00 relaxed and watched TV

2 Work with a partner. Ask and answer questions about what

Majid was doing at these times.
What was he doing at 7 o'clock
17.00 a.m. 8.00 am. 10.00 a.m. 11.30 a.m. yesterday morning?
1.30 p.m. 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 8.30 p.m. 10.00 p.m.

011 Listen and check.

3 Write a similar list about what you did yesterday. What were you doing at 7 o'clock
Ask and answer questions with your partner. yesterday morning?

Had you heard it before?

4 Work with a partner.
Student A Read a statement from your box.
Student B Answer with the correct response from your box.

STUDENT A STUDENTB
1 I didn't laugh at his joke. Why? Had you left your passport at home?
2 Were you surprised by the ending of the book? Why? Had you heard it before?
3 I went to the airport, but I couldn't get on the plane. That's a pity. Hadn't you stayed there before?
4 Iwas homesick the whole time Iwas living in France. Really? I didn't know he'd been married before.
S The hotel where we stayed on holiday was awful! Really? I thought you'd met them before.
6 I met Hassan's parents for the first time last Sunday. No, because it's based on a true story.
7 My grandfather had two sons from his first marriage. That's really sad! Had you never lived abroad before?

IDI Listen and check, then listen and repeat.

5 Choose two of the conversations and continue them.

Why? Had you heard it before?

No, I hadn't. I just didn 't think

it was very funny, that's all. Really? I thought it was hilarious!

24 Unit 3 . Telling tales

I
I An amazing thing happened! VOCABULARY
~ Spelling and pronunciation
6 Roy and his wife, Wanda had an amazing story to
tell about their holiday. Work with a partner.
Student A Look at piSl. lID Listen and repeat these words. What do they tell you
Student B Look at pIS2. about English spelling and pronunciation?
good Igudl food Ifu:dl blood IblAdl
road Ir~ud / rode /r;:mdl rowed Ir:md/

Words that sound the same

2 DD Listen and write the words you hear. What do they
have in common? Compare with a partner. Did you write the
same words?
3 Read these words aloud. Write another word with
the same pronunciation.
1 male mail 6 week
7 Wanda is telling a friend, Sara, what happened.
Work with a partner. One of you is Wanda and 2 blew 7 hole
the other is Sara. Continue their conversation. 3 piece 8 pair
4 where 9 allowed
S Hi, Wanda. Did you have a good holiday?
5 caught 10 weight
W Oh, yeah, we had a great time. But I have to
tell you - the most amazing thing happened! 4 Write the correct spelling of the words in phonemic script.
S Really? What was that? 1 Ipi:sl Peace is the opposite of IwJ: /_ _ __
W Well, Roy and I were at the beach . . . 2 I'm not I~laudl to Iwe'dl m ake- up.
lID Listen and compare. 3 I'd like a Ipe;)1 of Iblu :1 jeans, please.
4 I IWJ: I the same socks for a Ih~u1! _ _ __
Discussing grammar Iwi:kI - - - -
8 Complete the sentences. Check your answers with 5 I had to /wertl ____ in the rain and I /b: tI
a partner. Discuss the differences in meaning. - - - - the !flu:1 - - - - -
1 When I arrived at the barbecue, they _ __
eating burgers. Spelling
When I arrived at the barbecue, they _ __ 5 Read these words aloud. Which two words rhyme?
eaten all the burgers.
2 We thanked our teacher for everything she
1 8
2 some
m ove
home
Cil~V
come
_ _ _ doing to help us pass the test.
3 dear fear pear
We thanked our teacher for everything she
_ _ _ done to help us pass the test. 4 lost most post
5 meat cheat great
3 He told me that they staying at the
Carlton Hotel. 6 boot shoot foo t
He told me that they _ _ _ stayed at the 7 eight weight height
Carlton Hotel before. 8 blood wood flood
4 _ _ _ you learn Italian when you went to 9 flower power lower
Italy? mI Listen and check.
_ _ _ you already learned Italian when
6 These words have the same vowel sound but different
you went to Italy?
spellings. Spell the words.
5 Shakespeare write Hamlet? lu:1 t~th tr_u_th j_ _ce thr
_ _ _ Hamlet written by Shakespeare? IJ:I c_ _ t d__ n w fl
13 :1 __th w_ _ld b_ _n f_
le~1 t f_ squ_ _ th

Unit 3 • Telling tales 25

READING AND SPEAKING
Two writers
" CHRISTIE
AGATHA MARY CLARISSA
Who are or were the most famous writers CHRISTIE is possibly the world's
in your country? most famous detective story
writer. She wrote 78 novels, and
2 You are going to read about the lives of her sales (4 billion copies of
Agatha Christie and Ernest Hemingway. her novels) outnumber those of
Discuss these questions. William Shakespeare. However,
• Why are they famous? behind her 4,680,000 words was
• Wholt nationality were they? a painfully shy woman whose life
was often lonely and unhappy.
• Which century were they born in?
• Do you know the names of any of their works?
HER EARLY LIFE
• Do you know anything about their lives?
She was born in 1890 in Devon,
3 The sentences below appear in the texts. the third child of Clarissa and
Try to guess which sentences go with Frederick Miller, and grew into
which writer. Write C (Christie) or a beautiful and sensitive girl.
,., (Hemingway). She didn't go to school but
was educated at home by her
1 0 was educated at home. parents. Her father taught her Christie, but the marriage was
2 0 had wanted to become a soldier, but mathematics through stories unhappy. It didn't last and they
couldn't because of poor eyesight. and games, and her mother divorced in 1926. It was a very
encouraged her to write her own difficult time for her, as her
3 D's stories have ingenious plots, and stories. Unfortunately her father much-loved mother had died
keep the reader guessing who the died in 1901 when she was 11, earlier that year. Agatha suffered
murderer is until the very end of the and both she and her mother a nervous breakdown and one
story. were grief-stricken. night she abandoned her car and
4 In the 1930s, D became a war When World War I came in 1914, mysteriously disappeared.
correspondent in the Spanish Civil War she became a nurse in a hospital She went missing for eleven days
and World War II. dispensary, which proved very and was eventually found in a
useful to her in her later career. hotel in Harrogate, in the North
5 In 1954, 0 survived two plane crashes. Many of the murders in her books of England. Agatha desperately
6 D went missing for eleven days and were carried out by a clever use wanted solitude and felt bitter
was eventually found in a hotel in of drugs and poisons, showing towards the media because the
Harrogate, in the North of England. how much she had learnt about newspapers had given her a
them as a nurse. hard time over her breakdown
4 Work in two groups. and disappearance. She was
Group' A Read about Agatha Christie. HER LIFE AS A WRITER determined never to let them
She wrote her first detective enter her private life again.
Group' B Read about Ernest Hemingway.
novel, The Mysterious Affair at
Check your answers to exercises 2 and 3. Styles, in 1920. In it she HER FINAL YEARS
introduced Hercule Poirot, the She enjoyed a very happy second
Belgian detective who appeared marriage to Max Mallowan, an
in many subsequent novels. Her archaeologist, who she met in
other main detective was an Baghdad and married in 1930.
elderly spinster called Miss Her detective skills were a help
Marple, who was based on to him in his excavations in Syria
Agatha's grandmother and her and Iraq. By successfully staying
circle of friends. Christie's stories out of the media's spotlight,
have ingenious plots, and keep she ultimately found happiness
the reader guessing who the with her beloved husband. Her
murderer is until the very end of best novels were written after
the story. 1930, and she continued writing
until 1973. Christie was awarded
HER PERSONAL LIFE England's highest honour, an
In 1914, at the beginning of OBE, by the Queen in 1971. She
the war, she married Archibald died peacefully in 1976.
 5 Answer the questions about your person.
1 Where and when was he/she born?
When and how did he/she die?
and worked as a journalist for the 2 Did he/she have a happy family life?
Star newspaper. He learned a lot, 3 How did his/her parents playa part in
but left after only six months to his/her career?
go to war. 4 What do you think were the most
important events in his/her early life?
HEMINGWAY AND WAR 5 How did war playa part in his/her life?
Hemingway was fascinated by 6 How many times was he/she married?
war. He had wanted to become 7 Which of these dates relates to your
a soldier but couldn't because writer? What do they refer to?
of poor eyesight. Instead, in the
First World War, he became an 1901 1914 1917 1918 1920
ambulance driver and was sent 1926 1928 1930 1940 1954
to Italy, where he was wounded
in 1918. After the war, he went
to live in Paris, where he was 6 Find a partner from the other group and
encouraged in his work by the go through the questions in exercise 5.
American writer Gertrude Stein. What similarities and differences can you
In the 1930s, he became a war find between the two writers?
HIS EARLY LIFE correspondent in the Spanish They were both borll ill the lIilleteellth celltury.
ERNEST HEMINGWAY was one of Civil War and World War II. Christie had a very happy childhood, but
the great American writers of the Many of his books were about Hemillgway rail away from home twice.
twentieth century. He was born war. His most successful book,
on 21 July 1899, in Oak Park, For Whom the Bell Tolls, was
,
Illinois, the second of six written in 1940 and is about the
children. His family was very Spanish Civil War. Another novel, GRAMMAR SPOT I

strict and he ran away from home A Farewell to Arms, is about the
What tense are these verbs?
twice . His father taught him futility of war.
hunting and fishing. Ernest Agatha Christie was educated at
caught his first fish at the age of HIS PERSONAL LIFE home.
three, and was given a shotgun Hemingway's success in writing A Farewell to Arms and For Whom
when he was twelve . was not mirrored by similar the Bell Tolls were written by Ernest
Hemingway's love of outdoor success in his personal life. He Hemingway.
activity and danger showed in his married four times . His first
later career as a war Find more examples in the texts and
wife divorced him in 1927. He
correspondent. At school, he was underline them.
immediately married again and
good at English and wrote for the moved to Key West, Florida, 2 Complete the sentences with the
school newspaper. He graduated where he enjoyed hunting and auxiliaries was, were, or had.
in 1917, but he didn't go to fishing, but he also suffered
college. He went to Kansas City a Christie's novels show how much she
from depression. This wasn't
__ learnt about poisons as a nurse.
helped when, in 1928, his father
committed suicide. Hemingway's
b Miss Marple _ _ based on Agatha's
health was not good and he grandmofher.
had many accidents. Two more c Hemingway __ living in Paris when
marriages failed. In 1954, he he met Gertrude Stein.
survived two plane crashes. In d Both Christie and Hemingway __
October of the same year he honoured in their lifetime.
was awarded the Nobel Prize ~ Grammar Reference 3.5 p139
for literature, but he was too ill to
receive it in person.

HIS FINAL YEARS

His final years were taken up with
health problems. He began to lose
his memory and he couldn't write
any more . On Sunday, 2 July
1961, Hemingway killed himself
with a shotgun, just as his father
had done before him. Unit 3 . Telling tales 27
 LISTENING AND WRITING
Classic novels

1 Work in groups. What was the last book you read? What was
it about? Why did you read it?
Do you have a favourite novel? Do you prefer modern stories
or stories written a long time ago (classics)? Do you think
the classics can be relevant to people today?
2 Look at the list of books. Which do you know? Which do
you think are classics [C] and which are modern novels [M]?

o Great Expectations ( ) o The Count of Monte Cristo ( )

o The Kite Runner ( ) o Portrait of a Spy ( )
D The Accidental Tourist ( ) D Frankenstein ( )
o War of the Worlds ( ) o To Kill a Mockingbird ( )
D The Grapes of Wrath ( ) o Small Island ( )
3 DB Listen to four friends chatting about books.
Tick (./) the titles in exercise 2 that they mention.
What do they say about them? Discuss with your
group, then with the class.
4 Write some notes about a book that you like. Use the
questions to help you. Discuss your notes with a partner.
• What's it called? • Where does ittake place?
• Who wrote it? • What's it about?
• Who are the main characters? • Why do you like it?
5 Use your notes to write a paragraph about the book that
you chose.

28 Unit 3 • Telling tales

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Giving opinions

What do the underlined words refer to in these sentences?

a It was really boring! I fell asleep and missed the
only goal!
afootball match
b I didn't like his first one, but I couldn't put his last one
down. It was so exciting, right up until the last page!
c Ii was excellent! The room was great, the beds were
really comfortable, and the view from the balcony
was fantastic!
d I thought 11 was very interesting. I took a lot of notes,
and he gave us some useful handouts, too.
e I think they spoil them. They always give them
whatever they want.
f It was a nice break, but the weather wasn't very good.
g They were delicious. John had tomato and mozzarella
and I had tuna and sweetcorn.
h I love i1! It's got six gears, and it's brilliant on the
motorway.
1 Match questions 1-8 with opinions a-h in exercise l.
Did you like the hotel? @]
2 Did you enjoy the football match? D
3 Did you like your pizzas? D
4 Do you like Malcolm Baker's novels? D
5 What do you think of Jim and Anne's children? 0
6 What was your holiday like? 0
7 Was the lecture good? 0
8 Are you happy with your new car? o
IIJI!J Listen and check. Practise the questions and
answers with a partner.
3 Write down some things you did, places you went to,
and people you met last week. Work with a partner and
ask for and give opinions about them.
 Modal verbs 1- obligation and permission • Nationality words • Requests and offers

STARTER
Look at the sentences.

~~:uld
1 Write the negatives.
go. 2 Write the questions.
[ must 3 Write the third person singular.
have to 4 Which verb is different?

TE ENAGERS AND PARENTS

have (got) to, can, and be allowed to

lID Listen to Sam and Liam, aged

14 and 15. What are some of the things
they like and don't like about being a
teenager?
2 Complete the sentences.
1 You go to work.
2 You pay bills.
3 You go out with your
friends.
4 I always tell my mum
and dad where I'm going.
5 What time get back
home?
6 You buy whatever you
want.
7 Adults worry about
paying the bills.
8 1hey always do what
they want.
9 We bring mobile phones
to class.
3 Liam talks about his parents. What are some of the things they
have to do and don't have to do?
10 I go. I do my
homework. j./is mother has to ...
j./is father ...
1m Listen and check. Practise saying
the sentences.

30 Unit 4 • Doing the right thing

 GRAMMAR SPOT
I
PRACTICE
1 Which two sentences mean the same?
Discussing grammar
am allowed to Put these sentences into the negative, the question,
I can stay at my brother's house tonight. and the past.
have to
1 Henry can swim.
Which sentence expresses obligation? Which sentences Hellry call't swim. Call Hellry swim? Hellry could swim.
express permission? 2 I have to wear a uniform.
2 Complete the sentences with have to or don't have to. 3 She has to work hard.
4 He can do what he likes.
Children go to school.
S We're allowed to wear jeans.
Millionaires work.
You go to England if you want to
Talking about you
learn English.
In England, you drive on the left. 2 Look at the chart. Make true sentences about you and
3 Have got to and have to both express obligat ion. your family.
Have got to refers to an obligation now or soon. / dOll't have to do the cookillg.
It's often reduced to gotto I'9 Dt~1 when we speak,
especially in American English.
I've got to go now. Bye!
\ A
I
B C
go to work.
,: My parents have to get up early.
~ Grammar Reference 4.1 p140
My mother has to go shopping.
My father don't have to clean my room.
My sister doesn't have to do the cooking.
My brother had to take out the rubbish.
My grandparents didn't have to do the washing.
My husband/wife do the washing-up.

Compare your sentences with a partner.

3 Complete the sentences with 've got tal 's got to and a line
from C in exercise 2.
1 Where's my briefcase? I _ _ _ _ __
2 Look at those dirty plates! We _ __ _ __
3 Noor and Latifa don't have any food in their house.
They _ _ _ __
4 John needs to get an alarm clock. He
_ _ ____ tomorrow.
S I haven't got any clean socks. I
6 The chefs ill, so the waiter _ _ _ __ ___ .
DO Listen and check. Practise saying the sentences.
4 Work in groups. Talk about your college.
• What are/were you allowed to do?
• What aren't/weren't you allowed to do?

Unit 4 • Doing the right thing 31

 Signs PLANNING A TRIP
5 What do these signs mean? Use have to/don't have to, should and must
can/can't, or (not) be allowed to.
lID Antony and his friend George are going to
travel around Asia. Listen to them talking about their
trip. What two decisions do they make?

g A dmission i
[~.
~
Summer Exhibition
Adults ~ !
Children ~ '
passport

No parking
8am-6pm Mon-Fri
2 Practise the conversation.
A I can't stop thinking about this trip.
G Same here. I spend all my time just looking at maps.
A What do you think? Should we take cash or
traveller's cheques?
G I think we should take traveller's cheques. It'll be safer.
A Yeah, I think you're right.
G When should we go to Thailand?
A Well, I don't think we should go during the rainy
season. I'd rather go in February or March, when it's
drier.
G Sounds like a good idea to me. I can't wait to get going!
What do you think?
Is it the same in your country?
In Britain ...
• you can get married when you're 16.
• you have to wear a seat-belt in a car.
• you can drive a car when you're 17.
• young people don't have to do military service.
• there are lots of public places where you aren't allowed
to smoke.

32 Unit 4 . Doing the right thing

 PRACTICE
Suggestions and rules
1 Make suggestions. Use I think/don't think ... should.
3 Match a line in A with a sentence in B to make more 1 Hassan's got the flu.
suggestions. Use I think/don't think we should ...
I think he should go to bed. I don't think he should go to work.
I think we should buy some guidebooks. They'll give us a lot of
2 I've lost my cheque book and credit cards.
information.
3 Samir got his driving licence last week, and now he
A B wants to drive from Bahrain to Abu Dhabi.
4 My teenage son doesn't get out of bed until noon.
1 · .. buy ,am. gu;d.boob. ~ Our bags will be too heavy S I never have any money!
2 · .. take plenty of suncream. to carry. 6 Jane and Paul are only 16, but they want to leave school.
3 · .. pack too many clothes. I have some friends there.
7 I'm really fed up with my job.
4 · .. take anything valuable. We don't want to get ill.
S My grandparents complain they don't go out enough.
S · .. go to Japan first. It'll be really hot.
6 · .. go anywhere dangerous. That would be really stupid. Do you have any problems? Ask the class for advice.
7 · . . have some vaccinations. They'll give us a lot of
information. 2 Write some rules for your school.
We might lose it. Students must arrive for lessons on time.

4 DO Listen to Antony and his grandmother. A new job

She is worried about the boys' trip.
3 lID Dave is about to start a new job.
Grandmother You must write to us every week! Listen to him talking to the manager.
Antony Yes, I will. What's the job?
Grandmother You mustn't lose your passport!
Antony No, I won't. 4 Work with a partner. Choose a job.
Then ask and answer questions about the
Work with a partner. Make similar conversations responsibilities, hours, breaks, etc.
between Antony and his grandmother. Use the prompts Student A You are going to start the
and must I mustn't. job next week.
• look after your money Student B You are the boss.
• talk to strangers
• go out when it's dark
• make sure you eat well
• have a bath regularly
Do I have to wear a uniform ?
• phone us if you're in trouble
• go anywhere that's dangerous

Check it
5 Correct these sentences.
Look at the sentences below.
We should take traveller's cheques.
1 Do you can help me?
You must look after your money. 2 What time have you to start work?
3 We no allowed to wear jeans at school.
Which sentence expresses strong obligation?
4 We no can do what we want.
Which sentence expresses a suggestion?
S My mother have to work very hard six days a week.
2 What type of verb are should and must? 6 You no should smoke. It's bad for your health.
~ Grammar Reference 4.2 p140 7 Passengers must to have a ticket.

Unit 4 • Doing the right thing 33

 READING AND SPEAKING
How to behave abroad

1 Are these statements true (./) or false (X) for people in your
country?
1 [ ) When we meet someone for the first time, we shake hands.
2 [ ] Friends kiss on both cheeks when they meet or when they
say goodbye.
3 [ ] We often invite people to our home for a meal.
4 [] If you have arranged to do something with friends, it's OK
to be a little late.
S [] You shouldn't yawn in public.
6 [] We call most people by their first names.

2 Read the text A World Guide to Good Manners. These lines have
been taken out of the text. Where do they go?
a many people prefer not to discuss business while eating
b some businesses close in the early afternoon for a couple
of hours
c for greeting, eating, or drinking
d the deeper you should bow
e should wear long-sleeved blouses and skirts below the knee
3 Answer the questions.
1 What nationality do you think the people in the pictures are?
2 What are the two differences between the American and the
Japanese greeting?
3 List some of the clothes you think women shouldn't wear in
Asian countries.
4 Is your main meal of the day the same as in Italy or Spain?
S In which countries do they prefer not to discuss business
during meals?
6 What are some of the rules about business cards?
7 Why is it not a good idea to say to your Japanese business
colleagues, 'I don't feel like staying out late tonight:?
8 Which Extra Tips are about food and drink? Which ones
are about general behaviour?

What do you think?

Discuss these questions in groups.
• There is a saying in English: 'When in Rome, do as t he Romans do.' What does
it mean? Do you agree? Do you have a similar saying in your language?
• Think of one or two examples of bad manners in your country. For example,
in Britain it is considered impolite to ask people how much they earn.
• What advice would you give somebody coming to live and work in your
country?

34 Unit 4 • Doing the right thing

AWORLD GUIDE TO

Goo anners
How not to behave badly abroad
by Norman Ramshaw

Travelling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier. We live in a
global village, but this doesn't mean that we all behave in the same way.
• Greetings
How should you behave when you
you might have a business lunch and
do business as you eat. In Mexico and EXTRA iTIPS
meet someone for the first time? An Japan, (3)_. Lunch is a time to relax
American or Canadian shakes your hand and socialize. In Britain and the United HERE ARE SOME EXTRA TIPS
firmly while looking you straight in the States, it's not unusual to have a BEFORE YOU TRAVEL:
eyes. In many parts of Asia, there is no business meeting over breakfast, and
physical contact at all. In Japan, you in China it's common to have business • In France, you shouldn't sit
should bow, and the more respect you banquets, but you shouldn't discuss down in a cafe until you've
want to show, (1)_. In Thailand, the business during the meal.
shaken hands with everyone
greeting is made by pressing both hands
you know.
together at the chest and bowing your • Doing business
head slightly. In both countries, eye
In most countries, an exchange of • In India and the Middle East,
contact is avoided as a sign of respect.
business cards is essential for all you must never use the left
introductions. You should include your
• Clothes hand (5)_ .
company name and your position. If
Many countries have rules about what you are going to a country where your
you should and shouldn't wear. In language is not widely spoken, you • In China, your host will keep
Asian countries, you shouldn't reveal can get the reverse side of your card refilling your dish unless you
the body, especially women, who printed in the local language. In Japan, lay your chopsticks across
(2)_. you must present your card with both your bowl.
InJapan, you should take off your shoes hands, with the writing facing the
when entering a house or a restaurant. person you are giving it to.
• Most South Americans and
Remember to place them neatly In many countries, business hours are
Mexicans like to stand very
together facing the door you came from 9.00 or 10.00 to 5.00 or 6.00.
in. This is also true in China, Korea, close to the person they're
However, in some countries, such as
Thailand, and Iran. talking to . You shouldn't back
Greece, Italy, and Spain, (4)_ then
remain open until the evening. away.

• Food and drink Japanese business people consider it

In Italy, Spain, and Latin America, their professional duty to go out to • In America, you should eat
lunch is often the biggest meal of the restaurants after work with colleagues. your burger with both hands and
day, and can last two or three hours. If you are invited, you shouldn't refuse, as quickly as possible!
For this reason many people eat a light even if you don't feel like staying out
breakfast and a late dinner. In Britain, late.

Unit 4 • Doing the right thing 35

 VOCABULARY LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Nationality words Come round to my place!

Match a line in A with a line in B. Have you ever been a guest in someone's home in a foreign
Notice the stress. country? When? Why? What was different?

A 8 2 DO You will hear three people talking about inviting guests

home for a meal. Listen and complete the chart.
The I'talians cook lots of noodles and rice.
The Chi'nese wear kilts on special occasions.
The 'British produce coffee.
The Ca'nadians eat raw fish.
The Bra'zilians invented football.
The Japa'nese eat a lot of pasta.
The Scots often watch ice hockey on TV.

mJ Listen and check. Akio Rob Lucas

Nagano, Japan Bristol, England Porto Alegre, Brazil
All nationality words have capital Formal!
letters in English. Informal?
the Brazilians the Italians the British
2 If the adjective ends in lsi, Iz/, lSI,
or ItSI there is no -s at the end of Day/Time
the word for the people.
Japanese the Japanese
Spanish the Spanish
3 Sometimes the word for the people is Preparations
different from the adjective.
Scottish the Scots
Finnish the Finns

Gifts
2 Complete the chart and mark the stress.
Add some more countries.
Country Adjective A sentence about
the people Food/Drink
'Italy I'talian The Italians love
pasta.
'Germany
Aus'tralia 3 Work in small groups. Compare information.
'Egypt
'Russia 4 What happens in your country? Is it usual to invite people
'Mexico to your home for a meal? What are such occasions like in
your home?
the U'nited
'States
'England

36 Unit 4 • Doing the right thing

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Requests and offers

Match a line in A with a line in B. Who is talking? Where do you think

the conversations are taking place?

A B
Could you bring us the bill, please? White or black?
2 Would you give me your work number, please? No problem. It's stuffy in here.
3 Can I help you? Of course. Oh, shall Igive you my mobile number, too?
4 Two large coffees, please. That line's engaged. Would you like to hold?
S Can you tell me the code for Paris, please? Yes, sir. I'll bring it right away.
6 I'll give you a lift if you like. One moment. I'll look it up.
7 Would you mind opening the window? Just looking, thanks.
8 Could Ihave extension 238, please? That would be great! Could you drop me off at the library"?

2 IIIIlJ Listen and check. Which are offers? Which are requests?
Practise the conversations, paying particular attention to intonation
and stress.
~~ Grammar Reference 4.3 and 4.4 p141

3 IIIII Listen to the conversations. Complete the chart.

Who are they? What are they talking about?

I 1

I 2
3
14
IIIII Listen again. What are the words used to make the requests?
1 3
2 4

Roleplay
Work with a partner. Choose one of the situations and make up a
conversation using the words.

Situation 1 Situation 2
Student A You are a customer in Student A You are moving flat next Student A You are cooking a meal for
a restaurant. week. 20 people.
Student B You are a waiter/waitress. Student 8 Offer to help. Student B Offer to help.
Use these words: Use these words: Use these words:
o table near the window o pack boxes o prepare the vegetables
o menu ° load the van • make the salad
o order ° clean o stir the sauce
o clean fork o look after the plants o check the meat

° dessert 00phone the gas board o lay the table

I
o bring the bill unload the van

Unit 4 . Doing the right thing 37

 Future forms • The weather • Travelling around
- -

STARTER

Match a sentence in Awith a sentence in B. Underline the verb forms that refer to the future.
What is the difference between them?
A B
1 The phone's ringing. I think it's going to rain.
2 Look at those black clouds! Don't worry! The course will be over soon.
3 What are you doing this evening? We might go to Alexandria, or we might go to Athens.
4 I'm sick and tired of studying! I'll get it!
5 Where are you going on your holiday? I'm staying at home. I'm going to watch a DVD.

2 Answer the questions about you.

• What are you doing after class today? • What's the weather forecast for tomorrow? • Where are you going on your next holiday?

BEN'S LIST
Future forms

Ben always writes a list at the beginning of the day.

Read his list. Where's he going today?
What's he going to do?
He's going to the hairdresser's.
He's going to buy some sugar.

- Things-to do lhin.gs to buy

~ _ ; J
~---------
-htlircut- - - - - -- - sug~ ___ _
- pet-fo I- ¥.ll g,=
hu::.rt:., ,--_
- electl'kity-bill-==_bank- ___milk__
- Hck-e-t-s---=-ua.'l.el.t9!11_t ____ten nis ba I~ _
- I-ibrar-y- - - - - - - ­
-visiHHck-?I-,- - - - - - - - - - - ­

38 Unit 5 . On the move

2 l1li Listen and complete the conversation between GRAMMAR SPOT i .
Ben and Adam.
Look at the future forms in these sentences from the
B I'm going shopping. Do we need anything? conversation:
A I don't think so.... Oh, hang on. We haven't got It's on my list. I'm going to buy some.
any sugar. Good idea! I'll get a loaf.
B It's OK. It's on my list. I some. In each sentence when did Ben make his decision?
Before speaking, or at the moment of speaking?
A What about bread?
B Good idea! I a loaf. 2 Which of these sentences expresses a future possibility,
A What time will you be back? which a prediction, and which a future arrangement?

B I don't know. I might stop at Nick's. It depends We're playing tennis this afternoon.
I might stop at Nick's.
on how much time I've got.
I'll be back before then.
A Don't forget we tennis with Dave and
Stuart this afternoon. ~ Grammar Reference 5.1 p141
B Don't worry. I forget. I back
before then.
A OK.

Memorize the conversation. Close your books and

practise with a partner.

3 Adam also asks Ben to get these things.

• stamps
• two steaks
• some shampoo
• some batteries
• a newspaper
• atin of white paint
• a DVD

Which shops will Ben go to? Work with a partner to

make conversations.

Can you get some stamps,

please?

And we need some ...

Don't forget ...

Unit 5 . On the move 39

 PRACTICE
Discussing grammar What do you think will happen?
Work with a partner. Underline the correct verb form. 3 Make sentences using I think ... will and the prompts
1 'Why are you putting on your coat?' in A. Match them with a sentence in B.
'Because I'll take / I'm going to take the children for a I think Jerry will win the tennis match. I-/e's been playing really
walk.' well lately.
2 'Would you like to go out for a meal this evening?' A B
'How about tomorrow evening? I'll call / I'm calling you.'
1 Jerry/win the tennis match But we'd better get going.
3 'What's the score?' '
'6-0. They're going to lose / They'll lose.' 2 it/be a nice day tomorrow He's been playing really
well lately.
4 'Tony graduated last week. '
'Did he? I didn't know. I'll send / I'm going to send 3 I/pass my exam on Friday The forecast is for warm and
dry weather.
him a card.'
4 you/like the book You have the right qualifications
5 'Are Sue and Alan engaged?'
and plenty of experience.
'Oh yes, they'll get / they're getting married in June.'
S we/get to the airport It's a wonderful story, and
6 'Where are you going on holiday this year?'
in time the characters are excellent.
'We haven't decided. We might go / We 're going
to Italy.' 6 you/get the job I've been studying for weeks.

What's going to happen? IDJ Listen and check. Practise saying them.
4 Make sentences using I don't think ... will and the
2 1m Listen to three short conversations. Say what is
prompts in A in exercise 3, Match them with a sentence
going to happen.
in C.
They're going to catch a plane.
, don't think Jerry will win the tennis match. !-Ie hasn't practised
for weeks.

c
There's too much traffic.
I haven't studied at all.
The forecast said rainy and windy.
He hasn't practised for weeks.
They're looking for someone with more experience.
It's a bit boring.

. . Listen and check. Practise saying them.

Talking about you

5 Make true sentences about you starting with I think ...
or I don't think .. , .
1 I / use the computer tonight
2 the teacher / give us a lot of homework
3 I / eat out tonight
4 it / rain tomorrow
5 I / go shopping this afternoon
6 my brother / be a millionaire one day
7 we / have an exam this week

40 Unit 5 • On the move

Arranging to meet
6 IDI Peter and Jeff are arranging to meet over the
7 It is Wednesday morning. Fill in your diary for the next
next few days. What plans do they already have? Listen
few days. What are you doing? When are you free?
and complete the chart. Where and what time do they
arrange to meet?

Wednesday
~ ~m~o~r~n~in~g__________________________~
era
afternoon

evening

e:=­
Thursday
:a:::I
e:=s morning

~ afternoon
~

~ evening
=-=­
~
~ Friday
==- morning
==:II
morning :=::II afternoon
afternoon
===­
evening
===­
~
evening

THURSDAY -~
morning ~
afternoon
evening 8 With a partner, think of a reason to get together. Arrange
a day, time, and place to meet.

What are you doing on Thursday morning?

When you have finished, tell the class when and where
you're meeting.
We're meetitlg 011 Thursday morllillg at the mall_ We're goillg to __ _

Unit 5 . On the move 41

 READING AND SPEAKING 3 Read the article and the brochure on p43.
Which questions from exercise 2 can you
Hotels with a difference
answer? With a partner, answer these
questions.
Look at the photos of the three hotels and answer these questions. • What is Kevin's job?
• Which countries do you think they are in? • Why does he take working holidays?
• What do you think people can do on holiday there? • What is his idea of a perfect holiday?
1 Write another question about each hotel. • Why does he spend his holidays at home?
• Animals are mentioned. Which ones, and why?
4 Complete the chart about Kevin's trips to
Canada and Dubai.

Canada Dubai

Which hotel is
he staying at?
---------------------?
How long is he
staying there?
What's special
about the hotel
and his room?
What's he going
I to do there?

5 Work with a partner. Look again at the

brochure for the Baobab Rivers Lodge.
Ask and answer questions about Kevin's
trip there.

Language work
Find words or expressions in the text with
similar meanings.
My ideal holiday
1 doing nothing lazing
2 stopping to look around in
3 I'm very interested in
4 move around without any hurry
My business holidays
5 in an exciting and impressive way
6 things that should not be missed

What do you think?

• Do you know any unusual holiday
destinations?
• In your opinion, what is the ideal holiday?
• Where are you going for your next holiday?

42 Unit 5 • On the move

 My kind of holiday
He travels for his job, but when it's his own
holiday, Kevin Saunders stays at home.
Kevin Saunders has his own travel agency in Mayfair, London
that sends people all over the world on their dream holidays.
He needs to know where he's sending them, so he goes on
working holidays four or five times a year.

My ideal holiday perfumes, and spices, but what I want is some

My ideal holiday has a little bit of gold jewellery for my mother.) I'm also going to
" everything. I like lazing on a beach visit the camel races.
with a pile of books, but then I get bored and The next trip, different again, is to Baobab
I need to do something. I like exploring new Rivers, in Selous, Tanzania, for a seven-day
places, especially on foot, and nosing around in safari and I'm looking forward to a visit to my
shops, museums, and restaurants. I'm very favourite resort spas where I can get a total
. . .
into trying local foods.
However, I must confess that my favourite
'holiday resort' is home. I travel so much in
my job that just waking up in my own bed is
heaven. I potter around the house in my THE BAOBAB RIvERS LODGE
pyjamas, read the paper, do some gardening, IN SELOUS, TANZANIA
shop for some food, then make a delicious
meal in the evening and watch TV.

My business holidays
I have three trips coming up. I'm looking
forward to going to Canada soon, where I'm
staying for four nights at the Ice Hotel. This
is a giant igloo situated in Montmorency Fall
Park, just 20 minutes from downtown Quebec.
It is made from 4,500 tons of snow and 250
tons of ice, and it takes 5 weeks to build.
It will stay open for three months. When the
spring arrives, it will melt. Then it will be
built again for next year - maybe in a different
place! Each room is supplied with a sleeping
bag made from deer skins. The hotel has an
ice cafe, ice sculptures, and all the furniture is
made of ice.
In complete contrast to the Ice Hotel, I'm WHAT TO SEE Each tree-top room has views over
going to Dubai the following month, to stay the vast forested banks of the Rufiji
a few days at the spectacular Burj aI-Arab, River, which runs through one of the
which means the Arabian Tower. It's shaped largest game reserves in Africa
like a giant sail, and it rises dramatically out WHATTO DO Safari by Land Rover in search of
of the beautiful blue water. Each room has sea elephants, rhinos, and lions; or by
views. I really want to try the restaurant in the boat along the Rufiji River in search
tube at the top next to the helipad. Other of crocodiles, hippos, and rare birds
must-dos include shopping in the markets,
called souks. (You can buy designer clothes,
43
LISTENING AND VOCABULARY
Aweather forecast

1 Complete the chart with words from the box.

sunny snowing Adjective Noun Verb Adjective Noun
windy fog
snowy stormy It's sunny. The sun's It's _ _ __
ice blowing
wind icy
cloud
snow
rain
cloudy
c2>
4
It's It's

~
shining raining
foggy rainy It's It's It's _ _ __
sunshine
(thunder)storm
~ It's The wind's
I

2 Look at the map of Western Europe. Can you name the countries 1-1O? 3 011 Work in four groups A-D. Listen
1 ____ 3 5 7 9 _ __ to the weather forecast and make notes
2 ____ 4 6 8 10 _ __ about your part. When you have finished,
swap information.
Which countries make up Scandinavia? Find them on the map. 4 Work with a partner. What's the weather
In pairs, choose two of the countries and talk about: like where you are today? What do you
• the climate • the capital city • geographical features
think it will be like tomorrow? Write a
forecast and read it to the class.

A Northern Ireland, Scotland,

Scandinavia
weather

temperatures

B England, Wales, northern temperatures

France, Belgium, Holland
weather D Switzerland, northern Italy

temperatures
EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Travelling around

Here are some lines from conversations

on different kinds of transport. Where
does each conversation take place?
Choose from the box.

car bus taxi underground

train plane ferry

1 Do you think it'll be a rough crossing?

2 Excuse me, I think those seats facing
the front are ours.
3 We're going to Market Street. Could
you tell us when it's our stop?
4 Can you take us to the airport?
5 Can I take these bags on with me?
6 That's all right. You can keep the 2 Match a line from exercise 1 with a reply.
change.
7 Excuse me, are we landing on time? a D Look! You drive and I'll give directions from now on! Right?
8 No, no! He said turn left at the lights, b D Of course. Hop in!
not right! c D I'm sorry. Only one item of hand luggage per passenger.
9 How do I get to Oxford Circus? d D Oh, I'm sorry. We didn't know they were reserved.
e 0 Yes. We're beginning our descent soon.
f DWell, the forecast is good, so it should be pretty smooth.
g D Just sit near the front and I'll call it out.
h D Take the Piccadilly Line, eastbound, and change at Green Park.
i D Thanks a lot. Do you want a hand with those bags?
1m Listen and check. Practise the conversations with a partner.

Roleplay
Work with a partner. You are in a hotel.
Student A You are the receptionist.
Student B You are a guest.
The guest has several requests, and calls the front desk from his / her
room. Use these situations. Change roles after three conversations.
• There are no towels in the room.
• You'd like some coffee and a sandwich in your room.
• You want the telephone number of the bus station.
• You want the front desk to recommend a good place to eat.
• You can't get the television to work.
• You want a wake-up call at 7.00 in the morning.
• You want to order a taxi to take you to the airport.

Yes, there are no towels in my room.

Could you send some up, please?

Unit 5 . On the move 45

 like • Verb patterns • Describing food, towns, and people • Signs and sounds

STARTER
Complete these sentences about you.
1 I look just like my . . . 3 On Fridays, I like . . . 5 When I'm on holiday, I enjoy . . .
2 I like my coffee. . . 4 After this class, I'd like to ... 6 Yesterday evening, I decided to . . .

1 Tell the class some of the things you wrote.

A STUDENT VISITOR
Questions with like

1 Many students go to study abroad in a foreign country. Do you know anyone who has
studied abroad? What is a student exchange program?
2 Steven and his friend Nick in Melbourne, Australia, are talking about a student who is on an
exchange program from South Korea. Complete the conversation using these questions.

What does he like doing? How is he now? What's he like?

What does he look like? What would he like to do?

Nick Has your exchange student arrived Nick Oh, I think I saw him.
yet? (3)
Steven Yes, he arrived from Seoul on Steven He's quite tall and slim, and he's got
Monday. short dark hair.
Nick What's h is name? Nick Yes, I think it was him. Well, why
don't we do something with Ji-Hun
Steven Ji-Hun.
this weekend? What should we do? Get
Nick Cool. That's not too difficult to a pizza? Go and watch some cricket?
pronounce! (1) (4)
Steven He's really nice. I'm sure we'll get on Steven I'll ask him tonight. I'm sure he'll want
well. W e seem to have a lot in common. to go out and keep busy. He was pretty
Nick How do you know that already? homesick at first.
(2) Nick (5)
Steven Well, he likes photography, and so Steven Oh, he's OK now. He called his parents
do I. And we both like running, but a couple of times and felt much better
he's a bit more serious about it than after speaking to them.
me. He went out for a run last night. Nick Great. Well, I can't wait to meet him.

IDI Listen and check. Practise the conversation with a partner.

46 Unit 6 • I just love it!

 GRAMMAR SPOT PRACTICE
Talking about you
Write a question from exercise 2 next to the correct definition.
Question Definition Ask and answer with a partner.
a Tell me about him because I don't know
• What do you like doing at the weekend?
anything about him.
• Who do you look like in your family?
b _ _ _ _ __ Tell me about his physical appearance.
• How are your parents and grandparents?
c - - - - - - = Tell me about his interests and hobbies. • What is your best friend like?
d _ _ _ _ __ Tell me about his preferences for tomorrow • What's your college like?
evening.
e _ _ _ _ __ Tell me about his health or happiness. Listening and asking questions
2 Which questions use like as a verb? Which questions use like as
a preposition?
2 IDI Listen and tick (.I') the question
each person is answering.
~ Grammar Reference 6.1-6.3 pp142-143 10 Do you like Thai food?
o What's Thai food like?

2 0 Who does Bridget look like?

o What's Bridget like?
3 0 How's your brother?
o What's your brother like?
4 0 What does she like?
o What does she look like?
5 0 What's the weather like there?
o Do you like the weather there?
6 0 What does he look like?
o What's he like?
7 0 What do you like doing on holiday?
o What was your holiday like?
8 0 What kind of books do you like?
o What kind of books would you like?

Unit 6 • I just love it! 47

 A THANK-YOU EMAIL
Verb patterns

Ji-Hun has returned home to Seoul. Read his email and choose
the correct verb form.

From: Ji-Hun
Subject: Hello from Ji-Hun
Date: 15 December
To: stevendavidson@lightspeed.net
Attachment: Home.jpg,lnstructor.jpg

Hi Steven and family!

I just wanted (1)C,§ s~/ saying thank you for (2) to have / having me as
your guest in your beautiful home. I had a great time. I really enjoyed
(3) meeting / to meet your friends. You all made me (4) feel/to feel so
welcome. You know how much I missed my family at first, but you were so
kind that I soon stopped (5) to feel/feeling homesick. I can't find the words
to tell you how grateful I am. I'd like (6) to call / calling you. What's a good
time to call?

You know that on my way home I stopped (7) to visit / visiting my aunt in
Perth. It was so hot! It was over 35 degrees all the time but I absolutely
loved it. My aunt wanted (8) that I stay / me to stay longer, but I wanted
(9) to see / seeing my parents and my sister, Se-Won. But my aunt has
invited me (10) to go / going back and I'd love (11) to do / to doing that.
I'm thinking of (12) go / going next year.

Anyway, I'm looking forward to (13) hear / hearing from you very soon.
'Let me (14) to know / know when you're coming to Seoul.
I could take you to my Tae Kwan Do class. It's a bit like karate, ,.,.........liIIIIIIiliiilliiilllliillllillli_ _Illililli_illlilliIIIIII_~
but you use your legs to kick more!

All the best,

Ji-Hun

p.s. Here's a photo of my house. And one of my Tae Kwan Do

teacher - he's more friendly than he looks in the photo!

IDI Listen and check.

48 Unit 6 • I just love it!

 GRAMMAR SPOT PRACTICE
Verb patterns What's the pattern?
Complete these examples from Ji-Hun's 1 Write the examples from Ji-Hun's email in the chart.
email.
a Ireally enjoyed _ _ your friends. verb verb + to verb + sb + to verb + sb preposition
b I just wanted _ _ _ _ thank + -ing + infinitive + infinitive + infinitive (no to) + -ing

you. el1joyed
c My aunt wanted _ _ __ meetil1g
_ _ longer.
d You all made so
welcome.
e Thank you _ _ _ _ me as
your guest.
2 Match a sentence with a picture.
1 They stopped to talk to each other.
2 They stopped talking to each other.

2 1m Listen to the sentences. Write each verb in the correct column

in exercise 1.

promise succeed in let

tell ask help
finish need hate
forget don't mind look forward to

Check your answers on plS8.

Discussing grammar
3 In these sentences, two verbs are correct and one is not. Tick (3) the
correct verbs.
What's the difference in meaning
between sentences 1 and 2? 1 My father to fix my computer.
a 121 promised b D couldn't c 121 tried
3 Complete these examples from the letter.
I soon stopped _ _ homesick. 2 She her son to turn down his TV.
I stopped _ _ my aunt. a D asked b D wanted c 0 made
Verb patterns p158 3 I going on long walks.
a 0 refuse b 0 can't stand c 0 love
4 We to go shopping.
a D need b D 'd love c D enjoy
S She me do the cooking.
a 0 wanted b 0 made c D helped
6 I working for the bank 20 years ago.
a D started b D stopped c D decided

4 Make correct sentences using the other verbs in exercise 3.

My father couldl1't 1ix my computer.

Unit 6 • I just love it! 49

 READ ING AND SPEAKING
The world's favourite food

Do you know any typical dishes from these countries?

Discuss with the class.
• Spain • Japan • Mexico
• Italy • Libya • the United States
• Iran • China • England

Can you think of any foods that might be popular in all of the
countries above?
2 Which of these are fish or seafood?

~garlic anchovies eel squid lobster salmon

peas prawn pineapple olive tuna sweetcorn
~--------------------------------~

lID Listen and repeat.

3 Work in groups. Read the text quickly and find the foods in exercise 2.
How many other foods can you find?
4 Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 What are the similarities and differences between the burger and
the pizza?
2 What year was pizza invented?
3 Which came first, picea or plakuntos? How are they different
from pizza?
4 Why are Mexico and Peru important in the development of pizza?
5 What do the Italian flag and a Pizza Margherita have in common?
6 W hen and how did pizza become really popular in the
United States?
5 Work in groups. Read Pizza Trivia again and make questions.
How many . .. ? How much ... ? Which month ... ?
Where and when ... ? Which toppings ... ?

Close your books. Ask and answer questions.

What do you think?

• Which facts in Pizza Trivia do you find most interesting? Why?
• Why do different countries prefer such different toppings?
• Do you like pizza? What are your favourite toppings?
• What are the most popular places to eat in your country? Why?
• What is your favourite place to eat?

Language work
Study the text and find an example of:
• like used as a verb
• like used as a preposition
• verb + -ing form
• verb + infinitive
• adjective + infinitive

50 Unit 6 • I just love it!

~ GL BAL PI
So you thought the burger was the world's most popular fast food? In fact, there is another
truly universal fast food, the ultimate fast food. It's easy to make, easy to serve, much
more varied than the burger, can be eaten with the hands, and it's delivered to your front door
or served in fancy restaurants. It's been one of America's favourite foods for over 50 years.
It is, of course, the pizza.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF PIZzA Italian flag, so he used red tomatoes, white mozzarella
cheese, and green basil leaves. The Queen loved it
It's kind of silly to talk about the moment when pizza and the new pizza was named 'Pizza Margherita' in her
was 'invented'. It gradually evolved over the years, but honour.
one thing's for certain - it's been around for a very
long time. The idea of using pieces of flat, round bread Pizza migrated to America with the Italians at the end of
as plates came from the Greeks. They called them the nineteenth century. The first pizzeria in the United
'plakuntos' and ate them with various simple toppings States was opened in 1905 at 53 1/2 Spring Street, New
York City, by Gennaro Lombardi. But the popularity of
such as oil, garlic, onions, and herbs. The Romans
enjoyed eating something similar and called it 'picea'. pizza really exploded when American soldiers returned
from Italy after World War II and raved about 'that great
By about 1000 A.D. in the city of Naples, 'picea' had
become 'pizza' and people were experimenting with Italian dish'. Americans are now the greatest producers
and consumers of pizza in the world.
more toppings: cheese, meat, anchovies, and finally
the tomato, brought to Italy from Mexico and Peru in
the sixteenth century. Naples became the pizza capital

PIZ~ \V\A
of the world. In 1889, King Umberto I and Queen
Margherita heard about pizza and
asked to try it. They invited pizza
maker, Raffaele Esposito, to
make it for them. He decided
to make the pizza like the 1 Americans eat 350 slices of pizza per seco nd.
2 There are over 60,000 pizzerias in the United States.
3Pizza is a $36 billion per year industry.
4 October is national pizza month in the United States.
5 The world's first pizzeria, the Antica. Piz~eria Port'Alba ,
which opened in Naples in 1830, IS stili there.
6 Pizza Hut has over 34,000 restaurants and takeaway
outlets in over 100 countries.
7 In America, anchovies is the least favourite
topping. .
8 In Japan, eel, lobster and squid are favourites.
In Russia it's salmon and onions.
9 In Brazil, they like green peas on their pi zza.
In Australia the favourites are prawn and
pineapple.
10 The French love creme fralche on
theirs. The English love olives, t una and
sweetcorn.

Unit 6 • I just love it!

VOCABULARY LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Adjectives for food, cities, and people New York and London

In each group,jour of the adjectives cannot go with the noun. Look at the pictures of New York and
Which ones? London. Write down what you know
about these cities. Compare your lists.
fresh delicious tasteless Has anyone been to either city?
junk fast
plain
tasteful
disgusting
d~ FOOD vegetarian
frozen home-grown wealthy starving
rich

excited ancient university

exciting home young
polluted
capital CITY modern busy

antique industrial agricultural

cosmopolitan historic small

young sophisticated elderly antique

long shy
expensive starving
bored boring
PEOPLE rude

outgoing tall
wl?althy sociable crowded

2 Complete the conversations with adjectives from exercise 1.

1 A You're such a good cook. This casserole is absolutely d _ _.
B Thank you. It's just a p_ _ dish, no herbs and spices at all,
but lots of f_ _, h _ _ vegetables.
2 A Don't you like anchovies?
B I'm afraid I don't eat fish or meat. I'm v_ _
3 A What's Tom's brother like?
B Well, he's really nice but he doesn't talk much. I think he's
very s_ _He's not s_ _ and o_ _ like Tom.
A I know. T om's great fun, isn't he? Always laughing and talking.
4 A George's wife is French, isn't she?
B Yes, she is. She's beautiful, very tall and s_ _ and she always 2 Work in two groups.
wears really e_ _ clothes.
A Then it's a good job George is such a w _ _ man, isn't it? Group A lID Listen to Justin and
Cinda who are English but live and work
5 A Did you have a good time in Paris?
in New York.
B We had a great time. It's one of my favourite c_ _ cities.
Group B IIJJ Listen to Alan, an
It's both m _ _ and h_ _.
American, who lives and works in
A It is, but I don't think it's as c_ _ as London.
London.
B Maybe not, but it's just as e_ _. There's so much to do.
What do they say about these things?
l1:li Listen and check. Practise the conversations in pairs. • people • work/holidays • shops
• places • getting around • food
Talking ilbout you
1 Find a partner from the other group.
1 Work with a partner. Look at p153. Compare your information.

52 Unit 6 • I just love it!

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Signs and sounds

1 Where would you see these things written?

All visitors
must
sign in
II PLEASE WAIT
~TO BE SEATED'­

CONTAINS SODIUM
IRRITANT uvprILn~V·"- I 'i

Keep out of reach of children-

co . do not mix withother QlM!lkJ
Anl.oct With acid liberates toxic gas. Irritating to eyes
IVOidContoct with eyes.
o:~~:.~f~~~.oc~ wi~h eyes! rinse immeid.i.~I.t~!~~_m.:,n.•,,",=-...

II [!] LI\Jt-tl~
Pay and SMOKING CAUSES
FATAL D I SEASES
Display
~ISO contains: wnlte :::ion t-'arantn Arrivals
~urified Water.

FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY

...........gereclaim
Do not use after the expiry date sl
~ rtO nA !.l' '(;'IC! ("" ...,.....,...,.1,,0"" u '""~
I!I KEEP CLEAR I
2 Where would you hear these things?

Coming up next - traffic,

news, and the weather. Please listen carefully to the
following options. To purchase
tickets, press one . . .

Please place your tray tables in their

fully upright and locked positions.

We apologize for the delay

to this flight.

Unit 6 • I just love it! 53

 Present Perfect active and passive • Phrasal verbs • On the phone
~ -~~.

STARTER

Answer these questions about you.

1 What do you do? 4 Which foreign countries have you been to?
2 How long have you had your present job? 5 When and why did you go there?
3 What did you do before that?
2 Ask and answer the questions with a partner. Tell the class about your partner.
Mosaad is a stude/1t. He's bee/1 at Ki/1g Abdulaziz U/1iversity for ...
Before that he was .•.

3 What tenses are used in the questions?

THE JOB INTERVIEW

Present Perfect

1 Read the job advertisement. Would you like this job? Do you have any of the qualifications?

Europe e 'i
---~
~

1\4
-
t ~~-"'+-~-

k ,
--
f~-=--

-~-~ --~->

Business Journalist
This international business magazine, with 1,000,000
readers worldwide, is seeking a journalist, based in
Geneva, to cover business news in Europe.
Requirements:
• a master's degree in journalism
• at least two years' experience in business journalism
• fluent in French and German. If possible, some knowledge
of Spanish
• excellent commun ication skills
• international travel experience is a plus

Please email CV and covering letter to:

David.Benton@worldwatcheurope.com
Job reference: 009BJ
Visit us on the web: http://www.worldwatcheurope.com
2 I:DI Listen to Nigel Watson being interviewed for the
job. Do you think she will get it? Why/Why not?

3 Read the first part of Nigel's interview. Complete the 4 Read and complete the second part of the interview.
sentences with do, did, or have.
D As you know, this job is based in Geneva.
D Who you work for now, Nigel? ____ you lived abroad before?
N I work for Intertec Publishing. We publish N Ohyes.Yes,I _ __
international business magazines. D And when you abroad?
D I see. And how long you worked for them? N Well, in fact, I born in Argentina
N I worked there for nearly five years. and I there until I was eleven. Also,
No, exactly five years. I lived in Berlin for one year, when I _ _ __
D And how long you been in charge of working for the BBC.
Eastern Europe publications? D That's interesting. you _ _ __
N For two years. a lot?
D And what you do before you were at N Oh yes, yes, absolutely. I
Intertec? to most countries in South America and many
N I worked for the BBC World Service. countries in Europe. I also
____ to Japan a few times.
I:DI Listen again and check. D Oh yes? And why you to
Japan?
GRAMMAR SPOT N It was for Intertec. I there to
interview some Japanese business leaders.
Does Nigel still work for lntertec? Does he still work for
the BBC? IDa Listen and check.
2 Nigel says:
I work for Intertec Publishing.
I've worked there for nearly five years.
I worked for the BBC World Service.
What are the different tenses? Why are they used?
~ Grammar Reference 7.1 and 7.2 pp143-144

Unit 7 • Just the job! 55

 PRACTICE IT'S IN THE NEWS
Life stories Present Perfect active and passive
Here are some more events from Nigel's life. Match a line in A with a
time expression in B to tell his life story. Read the newspaper headlines. Check any
new words.
A B
1 He was born for the last five years. Dangerous prisoner escapes
2 He went to school in Buenos Aires five years ago.
3 He studied modern languages until he was eleven.
and journalism while he was working for the BBe.
4 He's worked for Intertec twice.
5 He left the BBC yet.
6 He lived in Berlin for three years at University
7 He's been married College, London.
8 He's visited Japan in Argentina in 1969.
9 He hasn't heard if he got the job a few times.
~Norldwatch Europe
Novelists awarded Nobel Prize
1m Listen and check. Then tell Nigel's life story to a partner.
2 Make a similar chart for your own life, Ask your partner to match the
events and the times to tell the story of your life,

Talking about you

3 Complete the sentences about you,
1 I've known my best friend for ., ,
2 I've been at this school since, ..
3 I haven't learned to ... yet.
4 I've never ...
5 My motherlfather has never ...
6 I started ... ago.
7 I've lived in ... since ...
8 I went to ... when I was a child.

Have you ever ... ?

4 These verbs are all irregular. What is the

Past Simple and past participle?

~rite drive lose have read ride sleep be eat win meet

irregular verbs p157

5 Work with a partner. Choose from the list below and have
conversations .
• go/California? • sleep/in the open air? • win/an award?
• drive/a lorry? • meet/anyone famous? • ride/a motorcycle?
• be/Oil TV? • have/an operation? • read/a book in English?
• lose/your job? • eat/Indian food? • write/a poem?

A Have you ever been to California?

B Yes, I have. / No, I haven't. I've never been there.
A When did you go there?
B Two years ago. I went there on business.

Tell the class about your partner.

56 Unit 7 • Just the job!
 PRACTICE
Writing news stories

2 1m Read and listen to the TV news headlines of Here are some more headlines from newspapers.
the same stories. Complete the sentences with the words Make them into TV news headlines.
you hear.
I Dangerous prisoner recaptured
The murderer Charles Watkins has been recaptured by police.
CHANNEL
2 Cruise ship sinks near Florida

1 'The News' transcript- -ref:23012 oo3jmf

3

4
Famous writer leaves £3 million to local charity

Priceless vase stolen from Madrid museum

Here are today's news headlines. 5 Floods kill 20, 200 more left homeless
Convicted murderer Charles Watkins 6 IS-year-old student to study at Oxford University
(1) has escaped from Belmarsh Prison
7 Company Director forced to resign
in South London. Two Spanish novelists
(2) the Nobel Prize for 8 Runner fails drugs test
literature. Hurricane Jeffrey l1li Listen and compare.
(3) the Caribbean, causing 2 What's in the news today? What national or
widespread damage in Puerto Rico. Two international stories do you know?
thousand workers from a UK car factory
Discussing grammar
(4) due to a slowdown in
the economy. Desmond Lewis 3 Discuss where the words in the box can go in these
(5) in th e fifth round of sentences. There are several possibilities.

his heavyweight championship fight in I just yet already ever never I

Las Vegas.
1 I've washed my hair.
2 Have you played basketball?
3 He hasn't learned to drive.
GRAMMAR SPOT 4 They've finished the exercise.
S She's learned a foreign language.
Which of these questions can you answer? Which can't
you answer? Why? 6 We've met your teacher.
7 Have they finished doing the washing-up?
1 Who has escaped from jail? 8 Has it stopped raining?
2 Who has awarded the novelists the Nobel Prize?
3 What has hit the Caribbean? 4 Work with a partner. Underline the correct verb form.
4 Who has laid off the workers? I The President has resigned / has been resigned and a
5 Who has knocked out Desmond Lewis? new president has elected / has been elected.
2 Which sentences in exercise 2 are active? 2 His resignation announced / was announced yesterday
Which are passive? on television.
~ Grammar Reference 7.3 p144 3 'Where did you go / have you gone on your last
holiday?' 'To Malaysia. It was fabulous:
4 'Did Abdullah ever go / Has Abdullah ever been to
Indonesia?'
'Oh, yes. Five times:
S The plane took off / has taken off a few minutes ago.
6 A huge snowstorm has hit / has been hit Toronto.
Over 40cm of snow fell / has fallen over the past
twelve hours. Residents have advised / have been
advised to stay at home.

Unit 7 . Just the job! 57

 READING AND SPEAKING
Dream jobs

What is your dream job? Close your eyes and think about it.
Then answer these questions.
1 Does the job require a lot of qualifications?
2 DOI?S the job require a lot of training?
3 Is it well-paid?
4 Does it involve working with other people?
5 Is it inside or outside?
6 Do you need to be physically strong to do it?
7 Is it dangerous?
8 Does it involve travel?

Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions to guess

each other's dream jobs.
2 Here are the stories of two people who have found their dream
jobs. ,,york in two groups.
Group A Read about Stanley Karras, the hurricane hunter. HE SAYS:
Group B Read about Michael Doyle, the cowboy in the sky. ' There's no such thing
Answer the questions in exercise 1 about your person. Then as an average day in my job! '
find a partner from the other group and compare information.
3 Read the other article quickly. Discuss these questions.
• What exactly is a 'hurricane hunter' and a 'cowboy in the sky'?
• Which of the jobs do you find most interesting?
• Would you like to do either of them?

Language work
4 Answer the questions.
1 Who came across his job in a newspaper?
2 Whose job is handed down from father to son?
3 Who finds it exciting to end up in different cities?
4 Who helped to IlliU!P a really important building?
5 Who has to get on well with the people he works with?
6 Who takes off at a moment's notice?
7 Who is cut off from his family?
8 Who can't fall out with the people he works with?
9 Who hasn't come up with an experiment for space yet?
10 Who often give up after trying the job once?
5 The words underlined in exercise 4 are all phrasal verbs.
Match them with a verb or expression from the box below.
build/construct separated from
arrive unexpectedly have a good relationship with
found by chance argue and no longer be friends with HE SAYS:
stop (a job or a habit) passed from one generation to another
leaves on a plane thought of an idea for
' Many of today's ironworkers
are descendants of the men
Roleplay
who built New York's first
skyscrapers. ,
Work with a partner. Look at p154.

58 Unit 7 • Just the job!

 What's an average day like?
Stanley Karras works as a meteorologist There's no such thing as an average day in my job! It
all depends on the weather, and you can't control
in Tampa, Florida. It's his job to follow that. It's constantly changing. We often take off at a
hurricanes by plane and provide information moment's notice to chase storms. I'm the one who
about them to scientists. decides whether we fly low through a storm. I don't
want to take us into a hurricane that could be
particularly nasty. There's a lot on my shoulders.
How did you get the job? Have you made any sacrifices to do this job?
1 was working for the National Meteorological Office Yes, one big one. I'm so far away from my family. They
in Bracknell, near London, in the autumn of 1999, and all live in the UK. My wife's with me, of course, but
1 saw a documentary with my family called her family is also in the UK, so we're pretty cut off
Stormchasers. It was about hurricane hunters and I from them all over here.
thought, 'Wow, that's an interesting job!' As it
happened, two months later I came across an ad in a What would you like to do next?
newspaper for a meteorologist to work in Florida with I'd like to join a space programme and be the first
the same people who had made the documentary. I meteorologist in space, but I haven't come up with
applied, was interviewed over the phone, moved to an experiment to do in space yet. There aren't any
the US, and started work here in Tampa in May 2000. hurricanes!
What do you like most about it? What advice would you give to someone who wanted to
I love the travel. Chasing hurricanes has taken me all do your job?
over the world. It's exciting to end up in different Study maths and science and get a degree in
cities and different countries day after day. If you're a meteorology. There are many areas in meteorology
meteorologist, you have to love flying. I also love to study. I've taken the hurricane hunter path, but
working with top scientists. I've learned so much you could be a weather forecaster or do research in
from them and we've had a lot of exciting times other areas. It's a fascinating subject and the pay's
together. For me, it's like a classroom in the sky. pretty good.

What's an average day like?

Michael Doyle is an ironworker in New York You never stop in this job. Eight hours a day, from
seven in the morning until three in the afternoon.
City. He's one of 100 or so ironworkers You're moving all the time. The crane lifts the iron
currently employed by Boston Properties to girders, and you have to catch them and move them
erect the steel frame of a new 40-storey into place. There's always danger. It's a fact of life
for us.
building in Times Square. These ironworkers
are known as 'cowboys in the sky'. Have you made any sacrifices to do this job?
Yes, one big one - physical health. The wear and
tear to the body is enormous. I've fallen three times.
My father fell two storeys, lost a finger, and broke
How did you get the job?
his ankles . He needed two new knees when he
Ironwork is a trade that is still handed down from retired.
father to son. Many of today's ironworkers are
descendants of the men who built New York's first What would you like to do next?
skyscrapers. My great-grandfather was Irish. He came I'd like to help put up a really important building
over from Ireland in 1930 to work on the construction like my great-grandfather did. And I'd like to travel.
of the Empire State Building. My father and I'd like to see some of the world's tallest buildings,
grandfather were also ironworkers. My father did it such as the Petronas Tower s in Kuala Lumpur, and one
for 40 years. I've never wanted to do any other job. of the world's tallest hotels, the Burj aI-Arab in Dubai.
I'd love to see that.
What do you like most about it?
To me, ironworkers are the kings of construction. We What advice would you give to someone who wanted to
make the skeleton that the other workers build on. do your job?
We have real pride in our work - you look at the New You need to be strong, really strong. You have to be
York skyline and think 'I helped build that.' Also, we OK with height. It usually takes about a year to get
work hard, we play hard. Ironworkers have to get on used to it. Many guys who look strong and want to
well together. We depend on each other for our lives earn good money try it once, but then give up. It's
so we can't fall out. Oh, and the pay is good! just too frightening.

Unit 7 • Just the job! 59

 VOCABULARY literal or idiomatic?
Phrasal verbs In these pairs of sentences, one meaning of the phrasal verb is literal
and the other is idiomatic. Say which is which.
1 a The plane has just taken off.
There are many examples of phrasal
v·erbs in the reading texts on p58-59. b Please take off your coat and sit down.
I came across an ad . .. 2 a Oh, no! The lights have gone out again.
It's exciting to end up in different cities ... b If you go out, take an umbrella. It's going to rain.
2 Some phrasal verbs are literal and some 3 a (On the phone) Hello? Hello? I can't hear you. I think we've
are idiomatic. been cut off.
b She cut off a big piece of meat and put it in the pot.
Literal
She looked out of the window at the 4 a She looked up and smiled.
sunset. b I looked up the word in the dictionary.
Idiomatic 5 a Can you pick up my pen for me? It's under your chair.
bC)ok out! That car's going to hit you! b I picked up some Arabic when I was working in Riyadh.
~ Grammar Reference 7.4 p144
Separable or inseparable?
2 Replace the words in italics with a pronoun.
1 He turned on the light. He turl1ed it 011.
2 I'm looking for my glasses. I'm 100kil1g for them.
3 She's taken off her boots.
run out of 4 He took up golf when he retired.
5 I get on well with my parents.

cutLoa up
6 I came across the ad.
7 I looked up the words in my dictionary.
8 The waiter took away the dirty plates.

Verbs with two particles

3 Complete each pair of sentences below with one of the phrasal verbs

Go au from the box.

get on with put up with run out of

turn on looking forward to

How do you manage to , I

come up with
the noise from your
neighbours?
Most parents won t L -_ _ _ _ __ bad behaviour from

put up with I'm broke. I have to

their children.

an idea for making money.

2 We need to a solution to this problem.

3 Has the photocopier I I paper again?

too away klook forward to The children always

How well do you

L ._

I
_ _ _ _ _- ' school as soon as the bell rings.

your colleagues?
4 Our teacher told us to L _ _ _ _ _ _---.J our work qUietly.

She's I I going on holiday.

S We're meeting you very much.
come up with
L _ _ _ _ _ _- '

In which pairs of sentences is the meaning of the phrasal verb different?

60 Unit 7 ., Just the job!

LISTENING AND SPEAKING EVERYDAY ENGLISH
The busy life of a retired man On the phone

Work in groups and discuss the questions .

• Is anyone in your family retired? Who?
• What job did they do before retiring?
• How old were they when they retired? How
long have they been retired?
• What do they do now?

2 ~ Look at the photo of Thomas

Wilson and his grandson, Philip. Listen to
them talking.

Complete the conversations with phrases from the box.

I'll give it to hold I'm phoning line's busy Speaking

leave a message speak to we'll get back to you This is
phone back later take a message I'm afraid have extension
putting you through take your call at her desk

1 A Could I speak to Alison Short?

B I'm afraid she isn't _ _ _ _ _ _ at the moment. Do you
Who do you think is happier, Thomas or want to hold?
Philip? Why? A No, don't worry. 1'11 _ _ _ _ __
3 Underline the correct verb form. Then 2 A Can 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2173, please?
answer the questions. B The at the moment. Would you like
1 How long was he / has he been retired? - -- - - - ?
2 How long did he work / has he worked A Yes, please.
for Courtauld's ? (Five seconds later.)
3 When did he go / has he gone to Wales? B I'm now.
4 How long was he married / has he been A Thank you.
married?
3 A Hello. Could I _ _ _ _ _ Sam Jackson, please?
4 Answer the questions. B Mr Jackson's in a meeting. It won't be over
1 Why does Thomas like playing golf? until 3.00. Can I ?
2 Which countries has he visited since he A Yes, please. Could you ask him to phone me? I think he's got
retired? Where did he go two years ago? my number, but to you again just in case.
3 Who are the following? It's 743219186.
• Keith • Kylie
4 A Can I speak to Terence Cameron, please?
• Ted and Marjorie • Helen
B _ _ _ _ __
4 What is the sad event that Thomas
A Ah, Mr Cameron! Holly Lucas.
mentions?
_ _ _ _ _ _ about a letter I got this morning.
S What does Philip complain about?
S A Hello. This is Incom International. There's no one here to
What do you think? _ _ _ _ _ _ at the moment. Please _ _ _ _ _ _ and
• What is the usual retirement age for men _ _ _ _ _ _ as soon as we can.
and women in your country?
• What do you think is the best age to retire? l1li Listen and check. Practise the conversations .
• When would you like to retire? 2 Your teacher will give you a role card. Prepare what you're going to say,
• What would you like to do when you retire? then act it out.

Unit 7 • Just the job! 61

 Conditionals • Time clauses • Base and strong adjectives • Making suggestions

STARTER
1 Match a line in Awith a line in B.
A B
1 If I had £5 million, ~ I'll tell her the news.
2 If you're going to the post office, I'd give up my job and travel around the world.
3 If I see Anna, you have to work hard.
4 If you want to do well in life, go to bed and rest.
S If you don't feel well, could you post this letter for me?

What verb forms are used in the two parts of each sentence?
2 Answer these questions about you.
• If you have a problem, who do you talk to? • If you had a lot of money, what would you do with it?
• What will you do if the weather's nice at the weekend?

A PLACE IN THE SUN

First conditional and time clauses

DB Jack and Annie are tired of English weather. So they're

to Spain to live in the sun and grow lemons. Their friend David
they're crazy. Listen and complete the conversation with these

'II only know will you do (x2) 'II have 'II regret
don't like (x2) won't earn won't need

David You're both mad. I think you it. You were earning
good money here. You much growing lemons.
Jack We know that, but we a lot of money to live there.
David But what if you can't find anywhere to live?
Annie There are lots of cheap, old farms. We no trouble
finding somewhere.
David But you don't even like gardening. What if you
____ farming either?
Jack We if we farming when we try it.
David Well, OK. But what if you .. . ?

DB Listen again and check. Practise the conversation.

62 Unit 8 • Just imagine!

 2 Have more conversations. What will you do if you . .. PRACTICE
• miss your family and friends • fall ill Another busy day
• have problems with the language • run out of money
• can't stand the heat • get bored 1 Put if, as soon as, or before into each box. Put the verbs
• want to move back to the UK • don't li ke the food in the correct form.

What will you do if you miss Daniel Bye, darling! Good luck with the interview!
your family and friends? No problem! Sue Thanks. I'll need it. I hope the traffic won't be
We'll . . . !
a problem. 1 If 1I 'm (be) late for
the interview, I ____ (be) furious with
3 l1li Listen to the next part of the conversation.
myselfl
Put the verbs in the correct form.
Daniel Just stay calm! Call me when you can.
David I hope you'll keep in touch with friends here. Sue I will. I (call) you on my mobile
Jack Of course we will. As soon as we _ _ __ L--_----.JII (get) out of the
(get) an Internet connection, we _ _ __
interview.
(have) a Facebook page and email.
Daniel When you (know)
David And do you think you'll have room for friends
to come and visit?
L-.._---'I you've got the job?
Sue :-Th~e~y--=::::;---:-_ (tell) me in the next few days.
Annie Absolutely! I promise, you ____ (be) our
IL _ _ ---'I they (offer) me the job, I
first guest when we (find) some­
where to live. ____ (accept) it. You know that, don't you?
David Great! Daniel Of course. But we'll worry about that later.
Jack But I think you (have to) wait until Sue OK. Are you going to work now?
we (make) it habitable! I'm sure we Daniel Well, I (take) the children to
_ _ _ (need to) do a lot of work on the school 1 1I (go) to work.
place before we (invite) friends. Sue Don't forget to pick them up 1 1 you
Oh, I won't mind if it's a bit basic - who cares if _ _ _ (finish).
it's hot and sunny! And if you (find) Daniel Don't worry, I won't forget. You'd better get
somewhere by August, I (come) and
going. 1 1 you (not hurry),
help you!
you _ _ _ (miss) the bus.
Hey! That's the right spirit!
~~=-----.. Sue OK. I (see) you this evening. Bye!

1m Listen and check. Practise the conversation with

a partner.
2 With your partner, ask and answer questions using
Which sentence expresses a future certainty, and which a the prompts.
future possibility? • How/Sue feel if/late for the interview?
If I see Anna, I'll tell her. • When/call Daniel?
When Isee Anna, I'll tell her. • When/know if she's got the job?
2 Underline the time expression's in the sentences: • What/ she/ do if they offer her the job?
• What/Daniel do before/go to work?
As soon as we get an Internet connection, we'll have a
• When/Daniel pick up the children?
Facebook page.
You'll be our first guest when we've found somewhere
How will Sue fee l if she's
to live.
late for the interview?
You 'll have to wait until we've made it habitable!
We'll need to do a lot of work on the place before we
invite friends.
3 Which tenses are used in the time clauses?
~ Grammar Reference 8.1 and 8.2 pp145-146

Unit 8 • Just imagine! 63

 GETTING RICH QUICK
Second conditional

: ' I Listen to five people saying what they

would do if they had £5 million and take notes.

2 Use your notes from exercise 1 to complete GRAMMAR SPOT

sentences 1-5.
Look at the conditional sentences.
1 I my own island in the Caribbean.
If I have time, I'll do some shopping.
I loads of money to charity. If I had £5 million, I'd buy an island.
2 I my job and travel. But it me. Which sentence expresses a possible situation?
3 I lots of land, so I peace Which sentence expresses an unlikely or unreal situation?
and quiet. 2 Complete each of these sentences to show the
4 I a space tourist and fly to Mars on the real situation.
space shuttle. If I had a lot of money, I'd travel around the world.
5 I away a penny. I _ _ _ it all on (But unfortunately, I dotl't have a lot of motley.)
If I had a car, I'd never catch a bus again.
myself. (But unfortunately, . .. )
Practise the sentences. If I didn't have to work today, I'd go to the beach.
(But unfortunately, .. . )
~ Grammar Reference 8.3-8.5 p146

64 Unit 8 " Just imagine!

PRACTICE
What would you do? Conversations with will and would

What would you do with £5 million? 2 Look at the situations. Decide if they are possible or unlikely.
Work in groups. Ask and answer the 1 There's a good documentary on TV tonight. possible
questions. 2 You find a burglar in your home. unlikely
3 You see a traffic accident.
• What . .. buy? 4 Your friend isn't doing anything this weekend.
What would you buy? 5 You win an Olympic gold medal.
6 You don't have any homework tonight.
7 You can speak perfect English.
3 Ask and answer questions about what you will do or would do.

What will you do if there 's a good

docu mentary on TV tonight? I'll watch it.

What would you do if you

found a burglar in your home?

• How much . .. give away?

Who ... give it to?
•.. . travel? Where .. . to? Conditional forms
4 Match a line in A with a line in B and a sentence in C.

A B C

1 1fTony calls, don't wait for me. It would be really useful for
2 If you've finished I might take up an work.
your work, evening class. He can reach me there.
3 If I'm not back by you have to have Keep warm and drink plenty
• What about your job?
8 o'clock, a visa. of fluids.
. . . keep on working or
... give up your job? 4 If you have the flu , please let me know. I'd love to show you around.
5 If you're ever in tell him I'm at Alex's. Just be back in 15 minutes.
london, you can take a break. I'd love to learn more about
6 If you go to Russia, if I could afford it. photography.
7 I'd buy a computer you should go to bed. You can get one at the
8 If I had more time, embassy.
Go without me and I'll meet
you at the restaurant.

DB Listen and check. Practise the sentences.

5 Look at the verb forms in these questions.
• What do you do if you can't sleep at night?
• What will you do if the weather's nice this weekend?
• What would you do if you found a wallet with a lot of money in it?
In groups, answer the questions.

Unit 8 • Just imagine! 65

 READ ING AND SPEAKING
Philanthropists around the world
Giving your
1 'Philanthropy' simply means 'the love of people'. It usually refers
to rich individuals giving money to help poorer people.
• Do you know the names of any philanthropists?
• Why do you think they give their money away?
• Do they do it for selfish or unselfish reasons?
money away
2 Read the article and complete the chart. Many rich people are ambitious and hard­
working, some are mean and uncaring,
Amount but others see their enormous wealth as
Name Early career Projects mentioned
given an opportunity to be generous to people
Andre:w factory worker Over $350m Libraries, schools, less fortunate than themselves. These are
Carnegie universities, Foundation philanthropists.
for International Peace
19th century philanthropists
Bill Gates
The two richest men in history, America's
Rockefeller and Carnegie, both
19th century industrialists, were great
philanthropists. Carnegie, who built the
US steel industry, was once a factory
Chuck Feeney worker. Like many philanthropists, he
made his own way to the top, and never
forgot the difficulties faced by ordinary
people. He gave over $350m to libraries,
Sheik schools, and universities, and started his
Mohammed own Foundation for International Peace.
bin Rashid He believed that the rich should use their
AI Maktoum money to improve society. He said, 'if a
Sheikh man dies rich, he dies disgraced'.
Suleiman
AI Rajhi
"In his :>uperbly.writtcn pagl'-turnc..-. , . O·CIt'r~'
chroniejrii lhe faSCinating lire of II must •
unu~U:J! Slllllllritan . _ Rc!ld~ like fictio!l,~
Cao Dewang - BUS INlSSWClJ(

~
3 Are the sentences True (.I) or False (X)? Correct the false
sentences.
1 Rockefeller and Carnegie were the two richest men
BilliONAIRE
WHO WASN'T
in the world. HOW CHUCK FEENEY
2 Carnegie believed that the rich should give away
their money before they die. SECRETLY
3 Bill Gates is the richest man in the world. MADE~GAVEAWAY
4 Chuck Feeney always wanted to become rich.
5 Feeney's behaviour is sometimes unusual for a
rich man.
6 Mark Evans is a rich British philanthropist.
A FORTUNE
- CONOR O'CLERY
7 In the 19th century there were many big -Ft'enay's bencficenc(> alrl.!'udy rank.,; umong
lht' grundcSl of Hny living AIlll'ricuo and
philanthropists in the East. may somtday make him t.he most generollS
American philanthropist of all time ,"
S Cao Dewang doesn't want to spend a lot of time -rI N C MA(j AZ INE

playing golf.

66 Unit 8 • Just imagine!

Modern philanthropists
Today's philanthropists have billions, not millions, to
give away. The most famous modern philan thropist
is Bill Gates, who dropped out of university to start
his own company, Microsoft. Gates would easily be
the richest man in the world if he didn't give so much
money to charity. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
is the largest private foundation in the world and
donates $1.5bn a year, much of it to fund health
projects in Africa.
Chuck Feeney, another American businessman,
started as a radio operator and then made his fortune
opening airport shops. 'I had an idea that you should
use your wealth to help people', he says. 'I try to live
a normal life, the way I grew up. I set out to work
hard, not to get rich.' Feeney put $9bn into The Atlantic
Philanthropies, which funds medical programs in many
countries, including South Africa, and Vietnam. He
doesn't own a house or car and flies economy class.
His biographer says Feeney isn't a typical billionaire: 'If
you saw him in the street he'd probably be wearing an
old raincoat, and he'd be picking up bits of rubbish and
putting it in rubbish bins.'

Practical but fun

Modern philanthropists are practical, and bring business
skills as well as money to their charitable work. Many
give to universities, knowing that if they fund essential
research, it will result in knowledge that helps all of
society. Mark Evans of Coutts Wealth Management in
London gives advice to donors, and believes that successful
philanthropy is enjoyable: 'The people we work with say that Language work
they have more fun giving the money away than they ever
4 Match the synonyms from the text.
did making it.'
A B
Philanthropy around the world
generous to give away
Philanthropy has always been important in the Muslim world, ambitious kind
where zakaat makes it a duty to give part of one's income wealthy to set up
to charity. Sheik Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum enormous to pay for
of Dubai has given $1 Obn, one of the largest donations in to fund very rich
history, to create an educational foundation in the Middle to donate to make better
East. Saudi banking billionaire Sheikh Suleiman Al Rajhi, to found determined to succeed
who started life as a cook and a porter, founded the Suleiman to improve very big
Al Rajhi University, and has recently announced that he will
donate most of his $6bn fortune to charity. What do you think?
In 2011 China became the country with the second highest
• What are the disadvantages of having very
number of billionaires after America, and now has its own big
large amounts of money?
philanthropists. Cao Dewang started as a salesman for a car
• What problems can it cause if people
window company, and is now Director of Fu yao Glass. He has
become rich very suddenly?
given away over $750m, mostly to the China Foundation for
• Is it possible to be very rich and still live a
Poverty Alleviation. When asked why he works 16 hours a
'normal' life? How?
day, Cao replied: 'To get rid of poverty. I grew up in poverty,
• Should rich people be taxed more? What
I know what poverty is. In my life there is too much leisure.
do you think the highest rate of tax should
And if I played three games of golf, I'd spend the equivalent
be?
of a year's salary for a Chinese farmer.'
Unit 8 • Just imagine! 67
 VOCABULARY AND SPEAKING LISTENING
Base and strong adjectives Charity appeals

Some adjectives have the idea of very. Look at these Work with a partner. Choose three of these charities.
examples from the article on p66-67. Discuss why you think p eople should donate to them.
enormous wealth = very big wealth • a charity that helps elderly people with food and housing
essential research = very important research • a hospice for people who are dying of an incurable disease
• an organization that prOVides emergency supplies and medicine
2 Match the base adjectives in A with the strong
for disaster victims
adj ectives in B.
• a charity that helps homeless people
A Base adjectives B Strong adjectives • cancer research
• a charity that helps people with AIDS
tired great, wonderful, fantastic , superb • animal rescue shelters
frightened exhausted
Compare your answers with other pairs.
good delicious
tasty filthy 2 lID Listen to information about three more
bad terrified charities and complete the chart.
hungry starving
Who or what the How the
angry horrible, awful, terrible, disgusting charity tries to help charity helps
dirty thrilled, delighted
surprised astonished, amazed
happy hilarious
funny furious
Red Crescent
We can make adjectives more extreme wit h

2~
adverbs such as very and absolutely.
Their house is very big. .....
Their garden is absolutely enormous. ©
®

2 We can use very only with base adjectives. WWF

very tired NOT very el(Aa~steel
3 We can use absolutely only with strong adjectives. 3
absolutely wonderful NOT aesel~tely geed
4 We can use really with both base and
strong adjectives.
Save the Children
really t ired really exhausted

3 lID Listen to the conversations. What are they

about? Write the adjectives and adverbs you hear.
1 _book good. absolutely superb
2 - --
3 - --
4 - - -
5 ---
6 - - -

68 Unit 8 • Just imagine!

What do you think? EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Imagine that you have $30,000 that you want Making suggestions
to give to charity. Who would you give the
money to? How would you divide it? Matt is bored and Paul is broke. Look at the suggestions made by their
Think about what you would do, and then friends. Are they talking to Matt or Paul? Write M or P.
discuss your ideas with a partner.
IMI Let's go shopping!
If Ihad $30,000 to give away, I'd give it to three o If I were you, I'd get a
charities ... better job.
o Why don't you ask your
parents?
o You ought to ask your
boss for a pay-rise!
o I don't think you should
go out so much.
o Why don't we go for
a walk?
o You'd better get a loan
from the bank.
o Shall we see what's on
television?

Underline the words used to make suggestions. Which suggestions

include the speaker?
2 lID Listen to the conversations. Notice how Matt and Paul accept
and reject the suggestions.
lID Check with the tapescript on p128. Practise the conversations
with a partner.

Roleplay
With your partner, make conversations for the situations. Use different
ways of making suggestions.
• You have a terrible cold.
A My head is killing me! And my nose is running!
B I think you should go to bed with a hot drink.
A That's a good idea. I'll go right now.
B How about a hot lemon drink? I'll make it for you.
A Oh, that would be great!

• You both have the evening free, and there's nothing good on TV.
• Your best friend is getting married next week. You don't know what to give your
friend as a present.
• Your neighbour always has the TV on very loud. He watches TV late into the night
and the noise is keeping you awake.
• Your flat is a mess, the carpets and curtains are ragged, and the fUrniture is ancient.
Suddenly, you inherit some money!
• You've just got a job in Moscow, so you need to learn the Russian language, and
find out about Russian people and culture as quickly as possible.

Unit 8 • Just imagine! 69

 Modal verbs 2 - probability . Character adjectives . So do If Neither do I!
, . .­

OPTICAL ILLUSIONS
STAI~TER must be/can't be/looks like
Work with a partner. Look at the optical illusions. Can you find ... ?
Two people are discussing the optical illusions
three animals three people's faces a word
on this page. Here are some lines from their
the colour red parallel lines a vase
conversation. Which optical illusion does each
2 line refer to?

·fItJ
:

I'
~. ' "

~
\
."(
--0:,'

I;
.

".
1
a
b
c
d
e
It looks like stairs that go up forever.
That must be a vase.
They can't be the same colour.
I think they might be having an argument.
It can't have five legs.
, "" f It could be a duck or a rabbit.
g The one on the left must be longer.

3 .11' ,!I,
..11. 'II:?,',II
'Ii,
-mi. .~ . . .11- .
4 h It looks like someone wearing glasses.
It looks wobbly, like a jelly.
III' 'Ii ' 'Ii The dots must be creating the illusion.
,'!1M .,' ',Wl ii,'
iii,' ,'Ii ii', ' . 2 II!I Listen to the full conversation. As you
,'. II' ,II II', listen, point to the picture they are talking about.
.' . ,II !IIi,' ',iI
',. II'" ,'. ii', • What is the truth about each one?
II, . . ., I! ).; ' .m .:. • Which two optical illusions can the man not see?
, '!i ~'!i, 'II', . ,II, '
!i~, '!i'll', ',II
GRAMMAR SPOT
5 6
Which of these sentences is the most sure?
Which two sentences are less sure?
It must be a duck.
It could be a duck.
It might be a duck.
2 The above sentences all mean I think it's
possible that it is a duck.
What does It can't be Q duck mean?
8 ~ Grammar Reference 9.1 p147

70 Unit 9 • Making connections

PRACTICE
Fact or nction?

Work with a partner. Do you believe these statements

are true or false? Use modal verbs in your comments.
Discuss ideas as a class.
1 Lightning never strikes in the same place twice.

That must be true. I've~---L_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ________

oftel1 heard this.

2 Hurricanes always have ladies' names.

3 Women have a higher pain threshold than men.
4 The sea is blue because it reflects the sky.
5 A penny dropped from a skyscraper can kill a person.
6 Hair and nails continue to grow after death.
7 Birds are bird-brained and stupid.
8 No two snowflakes are the same. What are they talking about?
9 Bats are blind.
2 lID Listen and check your ideas. Do you learn
4 mI Listen to five short conversations. With a
partner, guess the answer to the questions. Give reasons
anything that surprises you?
for your conclusions.
Grammar and speaking 1 A A glass of orange juice and a mineral water,
please.
3 Work with a partner. Take turns to read aloud the
B Still or sparkling?
statements and respond using the words in brackets.
A Sparkling, please.
1 I think I've lost my passport (must, worried) B Do you want ice and lemon with that?
You must be very worried. A Just ice, thanks. How much is that?
2 Your phone's ringing! (might, Jane)
3 Paul's taking his umbrella. (must, rain) Where do you think the people are? At home? In a
4 Harry and Sally never go on holiday. restaurant? In a cafe?
(can't, much money) They call't be at home because they're paylllg for the drillk.
5 Hannah's not in class. (could, coffee bar) They could be ill a restaurallt but... They must be ill ...
6 Look! Three fire engines! (must, somewhere) 2 What are they talking about? A TV? A mobile phone?
7 I haven't seen Tom for weeks. A computer?
(can't, work here any more) 3 What do you think she's talking about? An exam?
8 Whose jacket is this? (might, John's) A job interview? Her driving test?
9 You got top marks in the test! (must, joke!) 4 Who are the people? Two friends? Husband and wife?
IDI Listen and check your answers. Brother and sister?
Practise again What are they talking about? A retirement present?
A wedding present? An anniversary present?
5 What do you think they are doing? Playingfootball?
Watching a horse race? Watching a football match?

Who's who in the family?

5 Work in small groups. Look at p154-155.

Unit 9 • Making connections 71

 A HOlliDAY WITH FRIENDS
must hove been/can't have been

1 1m Andy is phoning Carl. With a partner, read and

listen to Andy's side of the conversation. What are they
talking about?
Andy Hi! Carl? It's Andy. How are you? Feeling better?
Carl ...
Andy Really? You still can't walk without a crutch, eh?
So you're not back at work yet?
Carl ...
Andy Two more weeks! That's when the plaster comes
off, is it?
Carl .. .
Andy I'm fine . Julie's fine too. We're both back at work.
Carl ...
Andy No, we haven't, but I've downloaded them all
onto my computer. They're good. I didn't realize
we'd taken so many. I'll email the best ones to
you.
Carl
Andy Yes, the sunset. It's a good one. All of us
together on Bob and Marcia's balcony, with the
mountains and the snow in the background. It's
beautiful. Brings back memories, doesn't it?
Carl
Andy Yes, I knOw. I'm sorry. But at least it happened at
the end; it could have been the first day. You only
missed the last two days.
Carl
Andy Yeah, and it was noisy too! We didn't have any .,
views of the mountains. Yeah, we've written. We
emailed the manager yesterday, but I don't know
if we'll get any money back.
Carl
Andy Yeah. The airline found it and put it on the next
flight. Marcia was very relieved.
Carl ...
Andy Absolutely. It was a great holiday. Some ups and
downs, but we all got on well together and had
fun. Shall we go again next year?
Carl
Andy Great! It's a date. Next time go round the trees! I'll
call you again soon, Carl. Take care!
Carl
Andy Bye.

72 Unit 9 • Making connections

 PRACTICE
Grammar and speaking
Respond to the statements and questions. Use the words
2 Read these questions. Tick (./) the answer you think in brackets.
is possible. Cross (X) the one you think is not possIble.
1 What is the relationship between Andy and Carl?
III They must be friends.
!Kl They could be business colleagues.
2 Where have they been?
oThey must have been on a skiing holiday.
oThey can't have been on a skiing holiday.
3 How many people went on holiday?
o There must have been six.
o There can't have been six.
4 What happened to Carl?
D He must have broken his leg.
D He might have broken his arm.
S Where did they stay?
1 I can't find my homework. (must/forget)
oThey might have stayed with friends.
You must have forgottel1 it.
D They must have stayed in a hotel.
2 Mark didn't come to school last week. (must/ill)
6 What did Andy do on holiday? 3 Why is Isabel late for class? (mightioversleep)
oHe must have taken a lot of photos. 4 I can't find my notebook. (must/drop)
oHe can't have taken many photos. 5 The teacher's checking Maria's work.
7 Why did Andy and Julie send an email to the (can't/finish already)
hotel? 6 How did Bob get such good marks in that test?
D They might have written to thank them. (must/cheat)
oThey could have written to complain about
DB Listen and check. Practise the sentences with
their room.
a partner.
8 What did Marcia lose?
D It might have been her skis. Discussing grammar
D It could have been her suitcase.
3 Use some of the sentences 1-8 to say what you think 2 How many different modal auxiliary verbs can you
fit naturally into each sentence? Discuss as a class the
happened to Andy and Carl.
differences in meaning.
Alldy al1d Carl must be friel1ds al1d they must have beel1 011 •••
can can't could must might should shall
4 l1li Listen to the full conversation between Andy
and Carl. Which of your ideas were correct? 1 He have been born during the 1940s.
2 you help me with the dishes, please?
GRAMMAR SPOT 3 You see the doctor immediately.
What is the past of the following sentences? 4 It be raining.
must 5 we go out for dinner this evening?
can't 6 I stop eating sweets.
He be on holiday.
could 7 It have been Saud that you met at the
might library.
2 What is the past of these sentences? 8 I learn to speak English.
We must work hard.
We have to work hard.
We can see the sea from our room.
~ Grammar Reference 9.2 p147

Unit 9 . Making connections 73

 READING AND SPEAKING
The man who planted trees
TJ,e
Work in small groups. IIJl'I Extract 1
Read the following quotation. What does About forty years ago, I was taking a long trip on foot over mountain
it mean? heights unknown to tourists. All around was barren and colourless land.
Nothing grew there but wild lavender.
'Only when the last tr~e has died and the
last river has been pOIsoned and the last After five hours' walking, I had still not found water. All about me was the
fish has been caught will we realize that 5 same dryness, the same coarse grasses. I thought I saw in the distance a
we can't eat money.' small black silhouette. It was a shepherd. Thirty sheep were lying about
him on the baking earth. He gave me a drink and took me to his cottage
2 Who do you think said it? (Your teacher on the plain.
will give you the correct answer.)
I felt peace in the presence of this man. I asked if I might rest here for a
1 A political leader.
10 day. He found it quite natural- he gave me the impression that nothing
2 An African fisherman.
could surprise him. I didn't actually need to rest, but I was interested and
3 A French farmer.
wished to know more about him.
4 An ancient Greek philosopher.
5 A native American. 1 Jean Giono wrote the story in 1953. In which year does the actual story
3 You are going to read extracts from a begin? What was he doing when he met the shepherd?
story called The man who planted trees 2 The story takes place in France. Which part of France do you think it
by the French writer Jean Giono (1895­ is? Why? What is the countryside like?
1971). In the story, Giono describes his 3 Why do you think the writer is interested in the shepherd? What do
meetings with a solitary shepherd who you think he likes about the man and his lifestyle?
plants trees while the rest of the world is Before going to bed the shepherd puts a large sack onto the table. From it he
at war. carefully removes a hundred perfect acorns. Th e writer is curious. The next
Read and listen to the extracts and answer day when he goes out with the shepherd into the hills he discovers what
the questions after each one. the acorns are for. What do you think the acorns are for?

lID Extract 2
I noticed that he carried for a stick an iron rod as thick as my thumb and
about a metre and a half long. He began thrusting his iron rod into the
earth, making a hole in which he planted an acorn; then he refilled the
hole. He was planting oak trees.
5 I suppose I must have been fairly insistent in my questioning, for
he answered me. For three years he had been planting trees in this
wilderness. He had planted one hundred thousand. Of the hundred
thousand, twenty thousand had sprouted. Of the twenty thousand, he
still expected to lose half. There remained ten thousand oak trees to grow
where nothing had grown before.
10 That was when I began to wonder about the age of this man. He was
obviously over fifty. Fifty-five he told me. His name was Elzeard Bouffier.
I told him that in thirty years his ten thousand oaks would be magnificent.
The next day we parted.

4 What did Elzeard do with the acorns? What did he use as a tool?
5 How many had he already planted? How many were growing?
6 How old was Elzeard at the time? How old do you think the writer was?
7 What do you think Elzeard's ambition is? What is his vision of
the future?
8 Draw a sketch of the landscape round his home at the time of
Extracts 1 and 2. Draw a sketch of how you think it will look in thirty
years' time.

74 Unit 9 " Making connections

wl10 "t~rlted trees
For the next five years the writer is a soldier and fights in The writer returns for a final visit in 1945 after World
World War 1. The war ends in 1918 and his thoughts turn War II. Eb:ard is still alive. The writer is amazed at what
again to the tree-planter in the mountains. He returns to he sees. Not only is there the forest, but houses and even
look for him. villages have been rebuilt.

1m) Extract 3 mIl Extract 4

I had seen too many men die during those five years not to The bus put me down in Vergons. In 1913 this village of
imagine that Elzeard Bouffier was dead. He was not dead. ten or twelve houses had three inhabitants, nettles were
As a matter of fact, he was extremely well. He had changed feeding upon abandoned houses. Now everything had
jobs. He had got rid of the sheep because they threatened changed. Even the air. Instead of the harsh dry
5 his young trees. For, he told me, the war had disturbed 5 winds, a gentle breeze was blowing, laden with scents.
him not at all. He had continued to plant. A sound like water came from the mountains: it was the
wind in the forest. I saw a fountain had been built. Ruins
The oaks were then ten years old and taller than both of
had been cleared away, and five houses restored. Now
us. It was an impressive spectacle. I was literally speechless
there were twenty-eight inhabitants, four of them
and, as he did not talk, we spent the whole day walking in
10 young married couples. It was now a village where one
silence
would like to live.
10 through his forest. It measured eleven kilometres in length
and three kilometres at its greatest width. When you When I think that one man was able to cause this to
remembered that all this had come from the hands of this grow from wasteland, I am convinced that in spite of
one man, you understood that men could be effective in everything, humanity is good.
other ways than destruction.
15 Elzeard Bouffier died peacefully in his sleep in 1947.

9 Why did the writer think that Elzeard might have l3 How had the village and its surroundings changed?
died? 14 Is the writer an optimist or pessimist at the end of the
10 How had the war affected Elzeard? story? Why? What has happened in the writer's life
11 Why is the writer speechless? that could have made him pessimistic?
12 What thoughts about human behaviour does he have 15 Howald was Elzeard when he died? Why was it
in the last sentence? important that he had a long life?

What do you think?

1 Do you think that this is a true story? Do you think 3 In the context of the twentieth century and its two
Elzeard was ever married? Give reasons for your world wars, what point is Giono trying to make about
opinions. Your teacher will tell you if you are correct. nature and the importance of individual human beings?
2 How would you describe the personality of Elzeard
Bouffier? Do you know any people like him in your life?

Unit 9 . Making connections 75

 VOCABULARY AND SPEAKING
Character adjectives

1 Do the personality quiz to discover what type of person you are. Write Yfor Yes, N for No, and g for Sometimes.

What type of person are you?

1 [J Are you usually smiling and happy? 90 Is your room often a mess?
2 [ J Do you enjoy the company of other 10 0 Do you get annoyed if you have to wait
people? for anyone or anything?
3 [J Do you find it difficult to meet new 11 0 Do you put off until tomorrow what you
people? could do today?
4 [J Do you have definite plans for your 12 0 Do you work hard?
future career? 13 D Do you keep your feelings and ideas to
5 [J Does your mood change often and yourself?
suddenly for no reason? 14 D Do you often give presents?
6 [J Do you notice other people's feelings? 15 D Do you talk a lot?
7 [J Do you think the future will be good? 16 0 Are you usually calm and not worried
8 [J Can your friends depend on you? by things?

2 Work with a partner. Ask your partner to do the quiz 4 Which adjectives describe positive qualities and which
about you. Compare your ideas and your partner's ideas describe negative? Which describe both?
about you. Are they the same or different?
Positive Negative Both
3 Match these adjectives with the questions in the quiz.
reliable
[KJ reliable D lazy
D optimistic D generous
D sociable D moody
D talkative o hardworking
D reserved D easygoing
Dshy D untidy
o impatient D cheerful
D ambitious D sensitive 5 Write the opposite of the adjectives in exercise 3.
Remember that the prefixes in- and un- can sometimes
Which adjectives describe you? be used to make negatives. Which of the adjectives can
use these?
6 Describe someone in the class to your partner, but don't
say who it is. Can your partner guess who it is?

76 Unit 9 " Making connections

LI STEN ING AND SPEAK ING EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Brothers and sisters SO do I! Neither do I!

Do a class survey. 1 IIDJ Listen to Sue's friends talking to her about

1 Find out who has got any brothers and/or sisters. themselves. Put a (¥"') if it's the same for Sue and a (X)
2 Who has got the most? How many? Do they like if it's different.
having lots of brothers and sisters?
Sue's friends Sue Sue's words
3 Has anyone got a twin brother or sister? Do they
like being a twin? 1 I want to travel the world. ¥'" So do I.
4 Is anyone in the class an only child? Do they like 2 I don't want to have lots of
being an only child? children.
2 IIDJ Listen to two people talking about their 3 Ican speak four languages.
families. Complete the chart. 4 I can't ski.
S I'm not going to get married
untili'm 35.
6 I went to London last year.
7 I've never been to Australia.
8 I don't like dentists.
9 I'm bored with celebrities.
10 I love shopping.

2 Write in Sue's words. Choose from the lists below.

Louisa Rose
So am I. Neither am I. I am. I'm not.
How many So do I. Neither do I. Ido. I don't.
brothers and
So can I. Neither can I. Ican. I can't.
sisters has she
So did I. Neither did I. Idid. Ididn't.
got?
So have I. Neither have I. I have. I haven't.

IIDI Listen again and check your answers.

What does Sue say when it is the same for her?
Was she happy What does she say when it is different?
as a child?
Why/Why not? ~ Grammar Reference 9.4 and 9.5 p147
3 Work with a partner. Read the statements in exercise 1
and give true answers.
4 Go around the class. Everyone must make a statement
about themselves or give an opinion about something.
Is she happy The others in the class must respond.
now? Why/
Why not?

( SOdO~Metoo. ) ~
What do you
learn about
other members
of her family?
Neither did 1. / ~

Unit 9 • Making connections 77

 Present Perfect Continuous • Time expressions • Making the right noises
- - --

STARTER IF AT FIRST YOU DON'T SUCCEED

For each pair, match aline in A with aline or picture Present Perfect Continuous
in B.

A B
lED Read and listen to the newspaper article. Answer the
questions.
What do you do on the floor? 1 Why is Seo Sang-moon celebrating?
What are you doing for a living? 2 Why did he need a driver's licence?
3 What made it possible for him to take the test?
2 He speaks three languages. 4 Who has given him a present?
He's speaking to the teacher.

3 She has a baby next month.

She's having a house by the sea.

4 What have you done

What have you been doing
with my pen? I can't find it.
since I last saw you?
69-year-old farmer
5 Who drank my juice? passes driving test
on 272nd attempt!
S outh Korean farmer Seo Sang-moon is
celebrating success - he has finally passed
the theory part of his driving test. He has been
practising for the test for the past five years, and
Who's been drinking my has taken it 272 times.
juice? Seo, 69, has spent over $1,000 on test fees, and
has been taking the test twice a month since his first
attempt, when he was working as a repairman.
'Being a repairman travelling around the countryside,
a driver's licence was a necessity', said Sea. 'But I
didn't dare apply for the written examination because
I'm illiterate. Only after the introduction of the oral
6 I read that book. It was really good. test was I able to apply. Because of old age, I stopped
I was rE~ading that book when you called. repairing houses and began farming, but I really
wanted to get my driver's licence.'
Each time he failed the test, he learnt a little more,
2 Look at the second sentence in each pair. What do the
until he finally reached the pass mark of 60 points
verbs have in common?
(out of 100).
Officials at the test centre were just as happy as
Sea, and have given him a key chain as a present.

78 Unit 10 • Special interests

2 Here are the answers to some questions about Seo. PRACTICE
Write the questions using he ... Conversations
1 The theory part of his driving test. (What ... /
pass?) Write questions with How long ... ? Use either the Present
2 For the past five years. (How long ... ?) Perfect Simple or Continuous. (If both are possible, use the
3 Twice a month. (How often ... ?) continuous form.)
4 272 times. (How many ... ?) 1 I live in the country. How /ol1g have you beel1livil1g ill the COUl1try?
5 A key chain. (What ... ?) 2 I play tennis.
6 Because he still needs to pass the practical test. 3 I know Jack well.
(Why ... ?) 4 I work in Hong Kong.
7 Which car they should buy. (What ... ?) 5 I have a Japanese car.
III!IJ Listen and check. Practise the questions and 2 Make sentences using the same verbs about yourself. With
answers in pairs. a partner, ask and answer questions with How long ... ?
3 For each sentence in exercise 1, write a question in the
GRAMMAR SPOT
Past Simple.
Underline examples of the Present Perfect Simple 1 When move there?
and the Present Perfect Continuous in the text. 2 How old when started ?
2 Look at the questions below. Which one asks about 3 Where meet ?
an activity? Which one asks about a quantity? 4 Why decide ?
5 How much ;>
How long have you been learning English? pay
How many teachers have you had? 4 om Read and listen to the conversation.
~ Grammar Reference 10.1 and 10.2 p148 A You look happy. What have you been doing?
B I'm really excited! I've been getting ready to go on
holiday.
'He's been coming to the test centre so often that A Have you done everything?
we've been like family for the last five years' said B Well, I've picked up the tickets and I've been to the bank,
one of the examiners. but I haven't packed yet.
But Seo hasn't been celebrating too much - he
Make similar conversations with a partner.
still needs to pass the practical test. He's been
attending a driving school to prepare for the road 1 A covered in paint/what/do?
test, and is feeling confident. 'Driving seems a bit B redecorate the bathroom.
hard. But after trying 271 times to pass.. . what do A finish yet?
I have to be afraid of?' he said. 'I've already been B paint the door and the ceiling/not put up the
discussing with my wife which car we should buy.' wallpaper yet.
2 A hands dirty/what/do?
B filthy/work in the garden.
A finish yet?
B cut the grass/not water the flowers yet.
3 A your eyes red/what/do?
B exhaustedlrevise for my exams.
A finish them yet?
B do chemistry and history/not do English yet.
DIlII Listen and compare. Practise the conversations again.

Discussing grammar

5 Why are these sentences strange? What would be better?

1 Ouch! I've been cutting my finger.
2 'Why is your hair wet?' 'I've swum:
3 You've got tears in your eyes. Why have you cried?
4 I'm really sorry, but I've been crashing into the back of
your car.
S I've written my autobiography this afternoon.

Unit 10 • Special interests 79

 A LIFELONG PASSION
Time expressions

1 Erik Berglund is a photographer. He has had an interesting life so far.

Look quickly through the chart of events in his life. What are some
of the things he has done?

Age Life Event

o Born on 4 March, 1960, in Stockholm, Sweden.

8 Got his first camera and started taking photographs
11 Joined a photography club at secondary school
15 Won award for Swedish Young Photographer of the Year
Had first public exhibition in Stockholm
Won scholarship and studied at the London School of Photography
Became active in the environmental movement
19 Met his first wife
21 Got married in spring 1981

:22 Graduated and began working for Life and National Geographic
magazines, taking landscape photographs
23 Daughter born 9 July, 1983
Got divorced. Became a travelling photographer and began

29 31
photographing animals in Africa, India, and Malaysia.
Photos featured in BBC Wildlife Magazine.
Bought a flat in New York
Wrote his first book on photographic technique.
33-:17 Met Juliette Maynard, a publisher.
38 3 August, 1998, married Juliette; moved to Paris

·~3
Won Best Photography Book 1999 for his best-selling
book Images of a Disappearing World

45 Began teaching at the Photographic Institute in Paris,

and giving public lecture tours internationally
NOW Still taking photographs, teaching, and doing lecture tours

Erik Berglund
2 Answer the questions.
1 How long has he been taking photographs?
2 Which magazines has he worked for?
3 What sort of photographs has he taken?
4 What has he won?
5 How long has he been married to Juliette?
6 How many times has he been married?
7 How long was he married to his first wife?
8 How long has he been teaching photography and giving lectures?

80 Unit 10 • Special interests

 PRACTICE
Questions and answers
Ask and answer the questions about Erik.
1 When ... born?
2 When ... given the award of Swedish ~
Young Photographer of the Year? In 1960.
3 When ... go to the London School of Photography?
4 What ... his daughter born?
5 Which countries ... lived in?
6 When ... start photographing animals?
7 How many children ... ?
8 How long ... in Paris?
IJ[!IJ Listen and check.
2 Make a similar chart of the events in your life or the life of someone
you know well. Ask and answer questions with a partner.

A lecture tour
3 Complete these sentences with the phrases
from the box. 3 Erik is on a two-week lecture tour of England and Scotland. Look at
his schedule.
while he was at photography school
WEEK 1 WEEK 2
after winning the award
SUNDAY London Birmingham
at the age of eight
MONDAY London ~ ancheste!)
until he married Juliette TUESDAY London Mancn ester
since he married Juliette WEDNESDAY London Edinburgh
while he was writing his first book on THURSDAY Oxford Edinburgh
photography technique FRIDAY Oxford Edinburgh
two years after he got married SATURDAY Birmingham Fly home to Paris
between 1978 and 1982
4 It is Monday of the second week, and Erik is being interviewed by a
He started taking photographs journalist. How does he answer these questions?
1 How long are you here in Britain for? Just two weeks.
2 for Swedish Young 2 How long have you been in Britain?
Photographer of the Year, he had his 3 Where were you the day before yesterday?
first public exhibition in Stockholm. 4 Where were you this time last week?
3 He was at the London School of 5 Where will you be the day after tomorrow?
Photography _ _ _ _ __ 6 Where will you be a week today?
4 He met his first wife _ _ _ _ __ IJ[!!J Listen and check.
5 His daughter was born _ _ _ _ __
6 He met Juliette _ _ _ _ __ Discussing grammar
7 He lived in New York _ _ _ _ __
8 He's been living in Paris 5 Correct the mistakes in the questions.
1 What time did you go to bed at last night?
~ Grammar Reference 10.3 p148
2 What have you done last weekend?
3 What are you doing this night?
4 Are you going to study English the next month?
5 Have you been studying English since three years:'
6 How long you live in this city?
7 When is your father born?
8 How long have you been knowing your teacher?
6 Ask and answer the questions with a partner.

Unit 10 • Special interests 81

 READING AND SPEAKING
Football - a global passion

Football - do you love it or hate it? Why? Have a class vote.

How many famous footballers can you name? What teams do
The
Over the last hundred years the game of football
they play for? has totally changed the worlds of sport, media and
2 Whether you love it or hate it, football is difficult to ignore. leisure. Football is played worldwide by more than
Read only the introduction and the final part of The 1.5 mteams and 300,000 clubs. An amazing eight
Beaut0(ul Game. out of ten people in the world watch the World Cup.
It is, as the great Brazilian footballer Pele described it,
1 What statistics are given? Do any of them surprise you?
'the beautiful game'. Andrew Hunt reports.
2 How did football become known as 'The Beautiful Game'?
3 In what ways is football a 'simple' game?
4 Which famous players are mentioned? What do they have
in common? How football began
3 Read How football began. Answer the questions. As far back as 2500 Be the Chinese played a kicking game
called tsu chu. Similar games were played by the Romans
1 What was tsu chu? and North American Indians. In England in medieval
2 Which nationalities were the first to playa kind of football? times 'mob football ' was wildly popular. In 1583, Philip
When? Stubbs said of football players:
3 What images do you have of 'mob football'? Describe a game. "sometimes their necks are broken, sometimes their
4 How was the game played at English public schools? backs, sometimes their legs, sometimes their arms. "
5 What caused chaos when the boys tried to play football at
university?
6 How did the idea of half-time start?
7 Why is a London cafe important to football?
8 What was the 'sticking point'? Which game was also born?
Why?
4 Read Football around the world.
1 Complete the sentences with the name of the continent.
a has become more enthusiastic about football
since the 2006 World Cup.
b has the wealthiest football clubs in the world.
c Not all countries in _ ___ have a passion for football.
d and often lose their most talented
players to rich European clubs. By the mid-19th century, with the help of English public
schools, the game had become less violent. Each school
e In football has become more popular with girls
had different rules for playing the game. On the playing
than boys. fields of Eton the ball was kicked high and long. At Rugby
2 Which continents are most/least enthusiastic about football? School the boys caught and ran with the ball. Problems
3 Why is football called 'soccer' in North America? arose when boys from the different schools went to the
4 Why do some continents often lose players to European Universities of Oxford and Cambridge and wanted to
continue playing. This is from the description of a match
clubs? played in Cambridge in 1848:
5 How and where has the World Cup increased interest in
football?
". .. The result was chaos, as every man played the
rules he had been accustomed to at his school. "
What do you think? It became common to play half a match by one side's
rules, the second half by the other's. That's how half-time
• Football 'has totally changed the worlds of sport, media, and came about. However, this was not good enough for the
leisure: What does this mean? university men. They decided to sort out the rules once
and for all.
• Does football unite or divide the world? How?
On Monday October 26, 1863, they met at a cafe in
• Why are some clubs so famous worldwide? Which players London. By the end of the day they had formed the
are sup~~rstars today? Football Association and a Book of Laws was on its way.
• Do you agree with the conclusion about why football has The sticking point was whether a player could pick up
become a global passion? the ball and run with it or not, and this was not decided
until December 8. From this decision the games of both
82 Unit 10 • Special interests football and rugby were born.
Football around the world
Europe is home to the world's richest professional clubs: Manchester
United, Barcelona, Real Madrid, Arsenal, Bayern Munich. These
clubs are famous in many countries far away from their home
grounds. Rickshaw pullers in Mumbai, tuk tuk drivers in Bangkok, on
discovering they have an English passenger respond with 'Ah,
English, Manchester United. You know Manchester United?'
South America has produced some of the most exciting soccer on
earth. Many of the world's leading players have come fro m poverty
to play on the world stage. They have been snapped up by wealthy
European teams after making their mark at home. Brazil has won
the World Cup five times, Uruguay three times, and Argentina twice.
North America is the only continent where football (or soccer as
it is called there to distinguish it from their homegrown game) has
become more popular with females than males. In 1991, the US won
the first Women's World Cup. Interest amongst American men has
been growing since the World Cup in Los Angeles in 1994, and more
recently since the arrival of international stars such as David Beckham.
Asia: Over the past two decades heated rivalry among Japan, China,
and South Korea has increased the passion for soccer across the
continent, especially after Japan and Korea co-hosted the
World Cup in 2002. However, not all Asian countries
share the passion: India and Pakistan prefer cricket.
The Middle East: Countries such as Saudi Arabia,
Kuwait, and Qatar have lately been investing huge
sums of money in football. They've hired the best
players and coaches that money can buy.
Australia: Sport in Australia has long been
dominated by cricket, rugby and surfing. However,
since they qualified for the 2006 and 2010 World Cups,
Australians have become much more interested in
game.
has produced a number of soccer superstars,
many of them have been lost to the rich European
Africa is poor in resources but rich in talent, with
of gifted young players dreaming of big time
football. South Africa's hosting of the 2010 World Cup
was very important for African football.

A global passion
The game of football is played in every nation on earth,
not only by the 120 million regular team players, but
also by countless others on beaches, in playgrounds
and streets. The world 's love of football is simple - it's
because football is simple. All that is needed is a ball,
apiece of ground, and two posts.The world 's greatest
players, George Best, Diego Maradona, and Pele, all
learned their skills on waste grounds. These are the
places where the sport is born and why football has
become a global passion.

Unit 10 • Special interests 83

 VOCABULARY AND LISTENING
Julia
Things I'm passionate about '/ enjoy it, / think, because it's a
very psychological game, / mean,
Work with a partner. Look at the words and ifyou're playing badly, you have
expressions in the box. Which are positive, which to push yourself to continue.'
are negative? Which are neutral? '. .. there's only about 3months
that you can't play.'
quite like crazy about
adore can't stand
loathe don't mind
keen on can't bear
not that keen on fond of
Paul
2 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. They're so big and powerful but
so beautiful when you see them
1 She likes ice-cream very much. (absolutely adore)
racing round a field or on a trock.'
She ,lbsolutely adores ice-cream.
'Of course, /have fallen off a few
2 He likes all water sports. (very keen)
times, but it seems that the more
3 I hate golf. (can't bear)
you fall, the less it hurts.'
4 My brother loves playing video games.
(crazy about)
5 My sister doesn't really like any sports.
(not that keen)
6 I don't like people who always talk about
themselves. (can't stand) Andrew
7 My mum likes going to museums. (very fond) '/ felt the power of the words ­
8 I quite like green tea but I prefer English breakfast the thing /like so much about it
tea. (don't mind) is that you can say so much with
9 The thing I hate most is tidying my room. (loathe) just a few words.'
10 I don't hate my job but it's time I applied for 'It's all about saying what often
another one. (quite like) goes unsaid, and with passion.'
3 Look at the photos of the people. Read what they say
about their passion. Can you work out what their
passion is?
4 0IlD Listen to the people. Were you right? James
What are their passions?
'. .. they complain about it
5 Listen again. Answer the questions about each all the time but I love it.'
person. 'Here, you really appreciate
1 How long have they had their passion? the sunshine, and you notice
2 What first created their interest? the seasons.'
3 Why do they like it so much?
6 Use some of the expressions from the
box in exercise 1 to talk about the people.

What do you think?

• Which of the people's passions most interest you? Harry
Why? Which interest you least? '. .. the thing Ilove best about it, is
• Is there anything in your life that you feel passionate that you are away from everything
about? Tell the class about it. and everyone up in the hills, and
you work together.'
'... it's a sheep farming area, so the
farmers contact us if they have a
problem.'

84 Unit 10 . Special interests

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Making the right noises

Look at the words in the boxes. They are all possible

responses in conversation. What do they express?
Write in the correct heading.
• Agreement • Sympathy • Pleasure • Surprise

How fantastic! Absolutely. Did you? What apity!

That's great! Definitely. You didn't! That's a shame.
Lovely! Of course. That's amazing! Oh dear.
Congratulations! Fair enough. You're kidding! That's too bad.
Brilliant! Fine. You did what? How awful! 3 Read the lines of conversation. Write in a suitable
Good for you! OK. Really? Bad luck. response. There are sometimes several possibilities.
1 A I've lost my job! The hotel's closing down.
B (surprise) _____ (sympathy)
mil Listen and repeat these expressions with awide II 2 A Will spaghetti bolognese be OK for dinner?
voice range. I: B (agreement) (pleasure)
~ ~ ~ ~ 3 A There's a strike at the airport so my holiday's
How fantastic! Absolutely. Did you? What a pity!
been cancelled.
2 mD Listen and practise. B _ _ _ _ (sympathy) _ __ (sympathy)
-~ """'" -~- .,' .~~
4 A I failed my driving test again.
B (surprise) _ ____ (sympathy)
2 iEiJIlJListen and complete B's responses. Practise the 5 A I'll be Julia Benson M.A. soon! I got a first for
conversation with a partner.
my dissertation!
A My grandfather hasn't been too well lately. B (surprise) _ _ _ _ (pleasure)
B 6 A So you think I should save to buy a car, not
A He's 79. Don't you think at his age he should slow down a bit? borrow the money?
B B (agreement)
A But he won't listen to me. He says he wants to enjoy his 7 A My brother's invited me to go to Malaysia with
life to the full.
him next month.
B
B (surprise) _ _ _ __ (pleasure)
A Last summer he went on a two-week cycling holiday
in France. III!III
Listen and compare. What is B's further
comment?
B
A We're going to have a family meal for his 80th. 4 Practise the conversations with a partner. Continue
them if you can.
B
A But before that I'm going to have a word with him and S Work with a partner. Have a conversation about a
tell him to take things easy. good or bad day you have had recently. React as
you listen and talk.
B
Last SUllday was the worst day of my life!
What other responses from exercise 1 are suitable in exercise 2?

c;".. . ) ,---O_h_d_ea_r._.W_ha_t_ha_p_p_e"~edP
 , ...
Indirect questions • Question tags • The body • Informal English

STARTER
All of these sentences are correct. 2 Choose the correct question tag.
Why is there no does in sentences 2 and 3? 1 It's a beautiful day, did he?
1 Where does she live? 2 You like learning English, isn't it?
2 I know where she lives. 3 You've been to Australia, didn't they?
3 Can you tell me where she lives? 4 Henry didn't say that, don't you?
5 They had a good time, haven't you?

A STRANGER IN TOWN
Indirect questions

1 DIDI Frank has just checked into his What Frank wants to know What Frank says
hotel in Toronto. Look at the information
Could you help me? I wonder if ____ help me.
he wants, then listen to the conversation.
Complete his sentences. 2 Are we near the CN Tower? I'm not sure near the
CN Tower.
3 Are there any good restaurants Can you tell me any
nearby? good restaurants nearby?
4 What time do the banks close? I don't know what time ____.
5 Which restaurant did you suggest? I'm sorry, but I can't remember
which restaurant _ _ ----""""

86 Unit 11 ' If you ask me, ...

 GRAMMAR SPOT PRACTICE
Look at what Frank says. These are
Asking polite questions
indirect questions. How does the word
1 Match a word in A with a line in B and a line in C.
order change?
2 What happens to do/does/did in indirect A B C
questions? newspaper times have you been on a plane?
1 When do we use ifin indirect questions? football team do you support?
~ Grammar Reference 11.1 p149 What long sports do you like?
How far do you read?
Which kind of is it to the airport from here?
2 Read tapescript 11.1 on p 131 and practise many time do you spend watching TV?
the conversation. Then close your books much does it take you to get ready in the morning?
and do it again.
3 Here is some more information that Frank 2 Work with a partner. Ask and answer indirect questions using the
wants. Use the prompts to ask indirect ideas in exercise 1.
questions. Could you tell me ... ?
Would you mind telling me . .. ?
1 What's the population of the city?
(Do you know .. . ?)
2 Is there an underground? Finding out about Zinedine Zidane
(Could you tell me .. . ?) 3 What do you know about Zinedine Zidane?
3 Where are the best shops?
(Can you tell me ... ?)
4 Where can I go for a run in the
mornings?
(Do you happen to know ... ?)
5 Is there a museum near here?
(Do you have any idea ... ?)
6 What do people do in the evening?
(I wonder '" .)
4 Work with a partner. Ask and answer
similar indirect questions about a city
that you know well.

4 Ask about Zinedine Zidane using these phrases and the prompts 1-5.
I wonder ... I'd like to know ...
I have no idea ... Does anybody know ...

1 where/born
2 how many brothers and sisters
3 which clubs/played for
4 married
5 how many children/have
S Work with a partner.
Student A Look at pISS. Student B Look at p156.

Unit 11 • If you ask me, ... 87

 EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Question tags

IJIDI Listen to Sam, aged 4, talking to Kevin, his father.

Underline the question tags.

S Daddy?
K Yes, Sam?
S Suzie didn't go to school this morning, did she?
K No, Sam, it's the weekend, and there's no school at
weekends.
S I'm going to start school next year, aren't I?
K That's right. You'll be at the same school as Suzie.
S But not at weekends. You like weekends, don't you,
Daddy?
K Yes, I certainly do. I can spend more time with you!
S Can I have another biscuit, Daddy?

Il101 Listen again. Does Sam's intonation go up or

down on the question tags?

2 Complete the conversation between Kevin and his

personal assistant using a question tag from the box.
I didn't I? isn't it? am I? haven't I? I

K Now, what's happening today? I've got a meeting

this afternoon, ,
A Yes, that's right. With Henry and Tom.
K And the meeting's here, ?
A No, it isn't. It's in Tom's office at 3 o'clock.
K Oh! I'm not having lunch with anyone, ____ ?
A No, you're free for lunch.
K Good! And I signed Mr Halabi's contract, _ _ _,
A No, you didn't actually. It's on your desk.
K OK. I'll do it now. Thanks a lot.
DID Listen and check. Does Kevin's intonation go up
or down on the question tags?

3 Practise the conversations with a partner.

GRAMMAR SPOT 0

Which speaker, Sam or Kevin, uses question t ags to mean ... ?

• I'm not sure, so I'm checking.
• Talk to me, I want to have a conversation with you.
2 How do we form question tags?

~ Grammar Reference 11.2 p149

88 Unit 11 • If you ask me, ...

PRACTICE READING AND SPEAKING
Question tags and intonation How well do you know your world?
1 Look at the sentences and write the question tags.

1 It isn't very warm today, ? ~

2 You can cook, ?

3 You've got a DVD player, ?

4 Mary's very clever, ?

5 There are a lot of people here, ?

6 The book wasn't very good, ?

7 I'm a silly person, ?

8 You aren't going out dressed like that, ?

DID Listen and check. Write ...../ if the questions tag goes
up and ~ if it goes down.
Do you know the answers to these questions?
2 Match a response with a sentence in exercise 1.
1 What are the Earth's oldest
~ Yes. She's extremely bright. living things?
D Believe it or not, I haven't. I've got a laptop, though.
o Why? What's wrong with my clothes? I thought I looked
2 What man-made things on Earth
really cool. can be seen from space?
o No, it's freezing. 3 What is the most terrible natural
o No, you're not. Everybody makes mistakes. disaster to have hit the Earth?
o Me? No! I can't even boil an egg. 4 Why do women live longer
D I know! It's absolutely packed. I can't move! than men?
D It was terrible! The worst I've read in ages. 5 Why isn't there a row 13 on
IIID Listen and check. Practise the conversations with a partner. aeroplanes?
6 Why do they drive on the
Conversations left in Brita in and on the right
in other countries?
3 Add three question tags to the conversation below. Do they go
up or down? 7 How many new words enter the
English language every year?
A It's so beautiful.
B What is? 2 Put one of these lines before each question
A The view. That's the CN Tower. in exercise 1. What is true for you?
B What?
A The CN Tower. I think I know what/why. . . I'm not sure ...
I think.. . I have no idea .. .
B The CN Tower isn't that tall.
I don't know. . . I wonder . . .
A Oh yes, it is. It's the tallest building in Toronto.

IIIIJ Listen and compare. I think I know why women live

longer than men. It 's because .. .
4 Look at p 156. Choose one of the conversations and add question
tags. Learn it by heart, and act it out for the rest of the class.
I have no idea what th e
DID Listen and compare. Earth 's oldest living things are.

Discuss your ideas as a class. ~

Which question interests you the most?
Read the answers to the questions on pages
90 and 91. How much did you already know?

Unit 11 • If you ask me, ... 89

 3 Here are the last lines of the seven answers.
Which answer do they go with?
a The country with the highest life
expectancy is Japan - 84 years for women
and 77 for men.
b If they do, one will die within a year.
c It is likely that this explosion wiped out all
the dinosaurs.
1@ What are the
d It's interesting to note that Samuel Earth's oldest
Johnson spent 8 years writing the first living things?
English dictionary, published in 1755.
e You can also see fires burning in the
o The White Mountains of
California are home to our
tropical rainforest. oldest living things - trees!
f It has also endured climatic catastrophes, The oldest tree in the world,
and nuclear bomb testing - and still it Methuselah, has roots that go
back over 4,600 years. This makes
lives on!
it older even than the Great
g However, most of them are former British Pyramids of Giza in Egypt. The 26-foot
Colonies. bristlecone pine tree is the oldest of many

4 Here are seven questions, one for each text.

that have outlived civilization after civilization. D
What do the underlined words refer to?
Where is the oldest one in the world?
2 Why is this difficult to see from space? 2 0 What man-made things on
3 How many of them does it accept every Earth can be seen from space?
year?
4 How did they become extinct?
o 'When humans first flew in space, they were
amazed to discover that the only man-made
5 Why don't most countries do this like the object visible from orbit was the Great
British? Wall of China.' Although this is a nice
idea , it's not true. The Great Wall is
6 Do they have a thirteenth floor?
mostly grey stone in a grey landscape
7 Why are they more likely to have accidents? and, in fact, is very difficult to see
even from a plane flying at a mere 15
Answer questions 1-7.
kilometres above. What can be seen
5 These numbers are from the texts. What do when orbiting the Earth (from about
they refer to? 200 kilometres up) are the lights of the
world's large metropolitan areas. 0
[ 4,600 15 100 65 million
14 six 4,000 193
3@ What is the most terrible
Producing a class poster natural disaster to have hit the
Earth?
6 What else would you like to know about
the world? Work in groups and write some o Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and hurricanes are
responsible for the deaths of thousands of people every year.
questions. Think of:
One of the most violent earthquakes ever recorded was in
• places (countries, cities, buildings) Ecuador in 1906. It was the equivalent of 100 H-bombs, but
• people (customs, languages, superstitions, it was nothing compared to a volcanic eruption in Tambora,
famoLis people) Indonesia in 1815. This was the equivalent of 10,000
• things (machines, gadgets, transportation, etc.) H·bombs. But, even these are nothing
compared to many tropical hurricanes:
• plants and animals
they regularly have the energy of an
Check round the class to see if anyone can amazing 100,000 H-bombs.
answer your questions However, there is one natural disaster
that beats all of these by a very long
7 Choose two questions you wrote in exercise 6 way - a meteor that hit the Earth 65
and research the answers. You could use the million years ago and caused an
Internet or an encyclopedia. explosion the equivalent of 10
million H-bombs. D
Make them into a poster for your classroom.

90 Unit 11 • If you ask me, ...

40 Why do women live longer 60 Why do they drive on
than men? the left in Britain and on
o Women generally live about six years longer than
men. Evidence suggests that boys are the weaker ~
the right in other countries?
The reason for this goes back to the days when people
sex at birth, which means that more travelled by horse. Most people are right handed, and
die in infancy. Men also have a thus the left is the natural side to
greater risk of heart disease ride on if you are on horseback
than women, and they and you need your right hand to
have heart attacks hold a sword in case of trouble.
earlier in life. Men So why didn't the rest of the
generally have more
world do the same? Because of
aggressive behaviour, Napoleon Bonaparte. He insisted
particularly when that his armies marched on the
driving, so they are right, and as he marched through
more likely to die Europe , he imposed this rule
in accidents. Also, wherever he went. In the
men are more often in twentieth century Adolf Hitler
dangerous occupations, did the same. Signs reading
such as construction 'Rechts fahren' were put up
work.
whenever he took over a
country.
The question suggests that only
the British drive on the left, but in fact, out of 193
countries in the world, there are about 50 that drive on
the left, including Japan.0

50 Why isn't there a row 13 7 0 How many words enter

on aeroplanes? the English language
I) In many countries, the number 13 is considered to be every year?
very unlucky. In France, there is never a house with
the number 13. In the United States, modern high· ~ Unfortunately no list is kept. In
rise buildings label the floor that follows 12 as 14. France there is the Academie
franc;aise which approves
Where did this fear of a number
new words, but in England
come from? The idea goes
there are only dictionaries.
back at least to Norse
The most authoritative of
mythology in ancient
these is the Oxford English
times . There was a
Dictionary (OED) , but this
banquet with 12
does not make rules about
guests. Loki, who
the language. It simply records
was evil, decided to
the development of English
join them without
worldwide. It accepts about 4,000 new
being invited. In
words (or new uses) every year. The OED has readers in
the fight that
all English·speaking parts of the world , who record
followed, Balder,
repeated uses of new words, including numerous
technical terms. Traditionally, a word had to be used
five times, in five different places, ove r five years
This story is probably before it could go into the dictionary. However, now in
the origin of the the 21st century, with new technology, new words and
idea that 13 people uses are included much more quickly. For exampl e
shouldn't sit at the something like 'text messaging' got in sooner because
table to eat. 0 it became so widely used so quickly. 0
 LISTENING AND SPEAKING VOCABULARY AND IDIOMS
The forgetful generation What can your body do?

IIIIJ Listen to the introduction to a radio programme called As a class, write all the parts of the body
What's Your Problem? and answer the questions. that you know on the board.
• What problem are they talking about? 2 Work with a partner. Which parts of the
• What do they think is causing it? body do you use to:
2 Discuss these questions. kick chew
• Does your lifestyle mean that you have a lot to remember to do each day? stare
• Do you think modern society is busier and more stressful than 100 years ago?
lick
bite
3
• How do you remember all the things that you have to do each day?
DID Listen to Ellen, Josh, and Fiona, and take notes.
think hit
hold
What did they forget? What did they do?
drop
Ellen
climb
3 Match a verb from exercise 2 with a noun
or phrase from the box.
Josh
a ladder an ice-cream
litter on the ground into an apple
about the meaning of life a football
a baby in your arms gum
Fiona
a nail with a hammer into space

4 0IIllJ Listen to the rest of the radio programme and

answer the questions.
1 What is Professor Alan Buchan's job?
2 What is it about some modern day working practices
that causes forgetfulness?

3 Why did the woman think that she was going insane?

4 What was the woman's problem?

5 What helped the woman feel more relaxed?

6 Does Professor Buchan advise using a computer to

help remember things?
7 What does he advise? Why?

8 How does the presenter try to be funny at the end

of the interview?

Wha t do you think?

• Do you think Professor Buchan's
explanation for forgetfulness is true?
• Do you know any stories of forgetfulness,
either your own or somebody else's?

92 Unit 11 • If you ask me, ...

 EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Informal English

When we speak, we use a lot of informal language, depending on

who we're speaking to.

4 Look at these idioms. Can you guess their

meaning?
hold your breath
kiss something goodbye
hit the roof In the conversations, choose the correct expression.
think twice (about something)
1 A What do you say we break for lunch?
kick the habit
drop someone a line B 0 Great idea. I .
·
O I get It. We can grab a sandwICh at the snack bar.

Complete the sentences. Use the idioms 2 A 0 How are you doing?
above. If necessary, change the form of oWhat are you up to?
the verb. The first letter of each missing B Nothing much. Just sitting around watching TV.
word is given. A You're such a couch potato.
B D Hey, take a break! I I work hard all week. I like
1 The best way to stop hiccups is to
h your b and
oHey, give me a break! to relax at weekends.
count to ten. 3 A Quick! Give me your homework so I can copy it.
2 My parents h the r_ _ __ B 0 Look out! I Do your own homework!
O N o way.,
when I said I wanted to leave
university. 4 A Did you mend the TV?
3 I've tried so many times to stop biting B oo Kind
All of.
right. I Channe14's OK, but we stl'1--[can't get Sky TV
my nails, but I just can't k._ __
theh_ __ A Anything good on tonight?
B 0 Dunno. ILk' h
4 I almost bought a new sports car, but O Wh ats' up.? 00 III t e paper.
then I t t about it
and realized it wasn't such a great idea. S A What do you call that stuff you use to clean between
your teeth?
S A I lost my purse with £200 in it.
B What do you mean?
B Well, you can k that
money gb----­
A 0 You see!
O v~ou know.,
I I'ts l'k .
1 e stnng,
Wholte.
6 D me a 1- - - - when B D Wow! I
you know what time you're coming, DOh! You mean dental floss.
and I'll meet you at the airport. A Yeah. That's it!
IJIIII Listen and check. Practise the conversations with a partner.
2 Underline the examples of informal language. How do we say them
more formally? Be careful if you try to use them!

Unit 11 • If you ask me, ... 93

 •
Reported speech • Reporting verbs • Ways of speaking • You know what they say

STARTER
Look, Mum! I've bought a
Look at the reported speech. What were the girl's
words? car on eBay lor £9,000
By a Daily Telegraph Correspondent
She said she was a student.
She asked me what Iwas doing in London.
She told me she'd arrived on Monday.
2 Here are some reported thoughts. What were my
thoughts?
Ithought she worked in an office.
Iknew I'd seen her somewhere before.
Iwondered ifshe'd phone me.

I READ IT IN THE PAPERS

Reported speech A three-year-old boy used his mother's computer
to buy a £9,000 car on the Internet auction
site eBay.
Read the newspaper article. Who is Jack Neal? 1 You have
Jack Neal's parents only discovered their
What did he do? What happened in the end? bought a pink
son's successful bid when they received Nissan Figaro.
2 Work with a partner. Complete the article by a message from the website.
reporting the words and thoughts 1-10. The message said they (1) had bought a pink
OED Listen and check. Nissan Figaro.
3 I was on the Mrs Neal, 36, said that they (2) _ _ _ _ it.
Net yesterday.
She explained that she (3) on the
Net the day before, but she (4) _ _ __
anything. 4 I didn't buy
anything.
'Jack kept telling us that he (5) _ _ _ _ so
happy, and that we (6) _ _ _ _ soon get
a big surprise.'
6 You'll soon get
Mrs Neal, from Sleaford, Lines, thought a big surprise!
o Jack (7) . He often used the
computer, and she was pretry sure that
he (8) her password. 000
8 I'm pretty
Her husband, John, 37, phoned the seller sure he knows
9 There has of the car, and explained that there my password.
been a mistake. (9) a mistake.
'Fortunately he saw the funny side and said
he (10) the car again.'
10 I'll advertise
the car again. Mr Neal has told Jack to be more careful, and
he has asked his wife to change her password.
3 Here are Mr Neal's words to Jack and his wife. GRAMMAR SPOT I

You've got to be more careful, son.

Do you think you could change your password, dear? When we report words or thoughts, we usually move the
How are these words reported in the article? tense back.
'I'm tired: She said she was tired.
4 Report these sentences.
Complete the reported speech.
1 'My Jack is very clever; his mother said.
'I've read the book before.' She told me _ _ _ _
Mrs Neal said her son was very clever.
'You'll like it.' She was sure I - - - -
2 'He usually plays computer games; she told me.
3 'I bought the computer for my work; his father 2 What does tell mean in these two sentences?
explained. She told me that she liked me.
4 'I won't use eBay anymore: Mrs Neal decided. She told me to go away.
5 'I don't know how it happened; said Jack. 3 When we report questions, there is no inversion, and no
6 'I've always liked computers: he told reporters. do/does/did.
7 'Please tidy your room; his mother asked Jack. 'Where do you live?' J./e asked me where. , lived.
8 'Go and play football: his father told him.
Report these questions.
lIED Listen and check. 'How long are you staying?' ~he asked me .. .
'Do you know Mike?' ~he wanted to know if .. .
Reported questions
~ Grammar Reference 12.1-12.3 plS0
5 Read the newspaper article below. Match the direct
questions and thoughts to numbers 1-7 in the article,
then report them. 6 Imagine you were stopped by the police and asked these
Why did you do it? questions. Report them.
Has there been a road accident? 'Where are you going?' (ask)
They asked me where' was going.
'Where have you been?' (ask)
'Do you live in the area? (want to know)
Where did the money come from? Why are you giving 'How old are you?' (wonder)
away all your money? 'Were you with friends?' (want to know)
00 Do you know the man? 'Have you been using your phone whilst driving?'
(demand to know)
'What time did you leave home?' (ask ~f I could remember)
IIEII Listen and check. Repeat the reported
questions. II!II Listen and compare. Look at Tl2.4 on p133 and
practise the conversation with a partner.

Man throws away £20,000 in town centre

Daily Mail Reporter

A mystery man started a riot in a busy town Flower seller Cadwyn Thomas saw the man,
centre yesterday by hurling £20,000 in who was wearing a red Welsh rugby shirt. 'I
banknotes into the air. asked him (4) all his money,
Traffic was stopped at 11.00 a.m. in Alexandra but he didn't answer. He just laughed.'
Road, Aberysrwyrh, mid-Wales, as money Police asked Cadwyn ifshe (5) _ _ _ __
rained down from the sky. . 'I told them I'd never seen him before. He
Local shopkeeper Anthony Jones, 55, said 'I certainly wasn't from around here.'
couldn't understand it, so I asked my neighbour Dyfed-Powys police later confirmed that a
(1) what was happe.ning . ' They saw people on forry-year-old man from Aberysrwyrh had been
their hands and knees grabbing money. 'No one questioned. 'He refused to tell us
knew (2) " he said. 'They (6) " a spokesman said, 'so
were just stuffing it in their pockets.'
it's a complete mystery. He wanted to know if
Passer-by Eleanor Morris said, 'I wondered we (7) arrest him, but giving
(3) , because the traffic was away money isn't against the law.'
at a complete standstill.'
Unit 12 • Telling it how it is 95
 PRACTICE
But you said ... ! Reporting verbs
Complete the conversations with an idea of your own. 4 Match the reporting verbs in the box with the direct
speech.
1 A Bill's coming round for dinner tonight.
B eally? I thought you said he wasn't feeling well. a invite b persuade c explain d promise
e ask f remind g offer h encourage
2 A Oh, no! I've spilt tomato ketchup on my white
shirt!
1 ~
'Can you help me?' she said to me.
B I told you to be careful. I knew _ _ _ __
2 _
'Don't forget to post the letter,' he said to her.
3 A Did you get me a drink? 3 _
'I really will work hard for my exams,' she said.
B Sorry. I didn't realize ______. What would 4 _
'Come to my wedding,' she said to me.
you like?
S 'You really must go travelling. You'd love it,' she
_
4 A I'm getting married next June! said to me.
B Are you? I didn't know _ _ __ __ 6 _ 'I'll give you a lift to the airport,' he said to me.
Congratulations!
7 _ 'I'm not sure about this job.' 'Go on! Apply for it!
5 A Oh, no! It's raining! You'd be good at it,' he said. 'OK, I will,' I replied.
B Really? But the weather forecast said _ _ _ __ 8 _ 'I've been very busy,' she said.
6 A You left the doors and windows of the flat open 5 Report the sentences using the reporting verbs.
this morning. She asked me to help her.
B I'm sorry. I was pretty sure I _ _ _ __
everything. lIED Listen and check.

7 A Where did Tom go last night? She didn't say that!

B I've no idea _ _ __ _
6 IDIJ Listen to the conversations. What mistakes do
II!IJI Listen and compare. Practise the conversations. the people make when they report the conversations?

Merinda rang from work. She said

she'd phone you again later.
2 Work with a partner. Think of questions you are asked
when you have a job interview.
How old are you? F ull·time RECEPTIONIST
She didn't say she'd phone later. She asked Jenny to phone her.
Where nave you worked before?
required in**** London Hotel
Experience and
Do you like working in a team? foreign language preferred 2
Annual salary £1 9k
I've got a job as manager! I'm going
Please send CVs to : to earn 1:30,000 a year!
info@hotelchariesIII.com

3 Julia has just been for a job interview as a receptionist. 3 My mum said you couldn't have a turn.
She's telling her friend about it.
They asked me why I wanted the job.
They asked me if I had any experience.
4
They w':lnted to kt10W if I could do word processing. James - Ross rang. Meet him inside
the football stadium at 6.30.
What other questions do you think they asked?
Use ideas from exercise 2.
5
IDDI Listen and compare. Tom offered to mend my computer. He said
he was sure he could do it. He wanted £751

96 Unit 12 • Telling it how it is

VOCABULARY AND SPEAKING suggest

Ways of speaking
argue
There are many verbs that describe ways of speaking.
to discuss to promise to agree good idea
disagreeing
Add two more verbs from the box to each category in red
talk
on the diagram.
advise chat scream row accuse
recommend whisper criticize gossip
order quarrel demand protest deny
shout
2 Write in a verb from the diagram. Sometimes there is
volume
more than one possibility.
1 to a mate about football
2 _ _ _ with your parents about staying out late ;nacourt ;/
3 _ _ _ at the kids because they're annoying you admit
oflaw /
4 _ _ _ that you made a mistake
S _ _ _ to the waiter about the cold soup
6 _ _ _ if you see blood/your favourite sports star expressing
dislike giving
7 _ _ _ against the war/about pay and conditions
commands
8 _ _ _ that your friend should see a doctor
3 Complete the sentences with the correct preposition
(or no preposition). complaill
1 I talk _ _ my kids _ _ everything.
2 My boss criticizes _ _ me _ _ my work. tell
3 I agree _ _ you _ _ most things, but not politics.
4 I discuss _ _ everything _ _ my wife.
S People love gossiping _ _ celebrities.
6 The teacher accused me _ _ cheating in the exam.
4 Work with a partner. Think of a sentence to complete
ways of speaking.
My mother told me to tidy my room.

My mother me
advised
The teacher the students
told
My doctor
persuaded

5 With your partner, write a conversation that lU':>'C "&t;!

H'

some of the verbs on this page. Act it out to the

A Have you been out spending money again?
We just can't afford it!
B Don't be so mean! It's only a few pounds!
The others must say who the people are and what
talking about.
It's a husballd alld wife. They're arguillg. He's complaillillg
she spellds too much mOlley. ghe accuses him of beillg mean.

Unit 12 • Telling it how it is 97

 READING AND SPEAKING
Tales of dangerous journeys HANNIBAL
Close your eyes. Imagine you are one of 90,000
CROSSES THE ALPS
people. You are travelling together, on foot, over
mountains, rivers and plains. It's winter. What 247-182 Be
problems would you face?
2 You are going to read about two famous leaders, EARN 'YEARS
Hannibal Barca and Mao Zedong. They both
undertook remarkable journeys with thousands Hannibal Barca was born in Carthage, North Africa, (now a suburb
of people. Look at the maps. What difficulties of Tunis, Tunisia) in 247 Be. At that time this once prosperous
can you anticipate? seaport was losing a long and exhausting war with the Romans over
who should rule the western Mediterranean. His father, Hamilcar,
3 Divide into two groups. was a general in the army, and it is said that he ordered his son to hate
Group A Read about HANNIBAL the Romans forever.
Group B Read about Mao Zedong The 23-year-Iong war was finally lost in 241 Be. Hannibal and his
First read about your leader's Early Years. family moved to Spain, where the Carthaginians were trying to build
a new empire. Hannibal grew up to be a bold and fearless fighter like
Answer the questions with your group.
his father, and eventually became commander of the army. In 218 Be
1 How did his father influence his life? the Romans again threatened to attack. In a daring and dangerous
2 W ho were the enemy? plan Hannibal decided to march from Spain to Italy before the
3 W here did he move to? Romans had even declared war. This march was to be a journey of
4 W hy did they set off on such a long journey? 2,415 kilometres across both the Pyrenees and the Alps.

4 Read about the journey and answer the

questions.
MaoZedong
1 When did the journey start? and the Long March
2 How many began it? Who were they?
3 What kind ofleader was he? 1893-1976
4 What problems did they face on the way?
5 H ow long did the journey last? Early years
6 H ow did it end? How many survived?
Mao Zedong (Mao Tse Tung) was born in Hunan province in
5 Read the final part. What happened to the leader Southern China in 1893. His father was an ambitious but illiterate
after the journey? farmer, who advised his to son to get the education he didn't have.

6 Find someone from the other group. Go through At university Mao became active in revolutionary student groups
the questions again and compare the leaders and, in 1921, helped found the Chinese Communist Party. He
and their journeys. Use the maps to help. What established a base in the remote Jiangxi province, where they
formed the Red Army to fight against the Nationalist Government
similarities can you find? How many years
under Chiang Kai-shek. However, in 1934, they were forced to
separate the two journeys?
escape from the area. They set off on a remarkable journey, which
became known as the Long March.
What dtl) you think?
• Which journey was more dangerous? Why?
• Can you imagine such a journey on foot taking
place today? Where and why might it happen?

98 Unit 12 • Telling it how it is

THE jOVRNEY
In May, 218 BC, Hannibal left Spain with an army of about 90,000
men and 37 elephants, which he believed were needed to get
them over the mountains. Under his inspiring leadership, they
marched through Spain to the Pyrenees. When his troops saw the
mountains, many of them refused to go any further. Hannibal knew
that unwilling soldiers make bad soldiers, and he invited them to
leave. Thousands of them did. The rest marched on to the South of
France, moving about 16 kilometres a day. They reached the river
Rhone and accomplished the unbelievable task ofbuilding huge
rafts to ferry the elephants across. Some fell off but managed to
swim using their trunks as snorkels. It was now autumn, and snow
started to fall as they approached the Alps. The army, helped by the
elephants, struggled on, slipping and sliding over ice and snow, over
the main pass. Finally, they were in sight ofItaly. Their five-month
journey at an end, Hannibal's army of 90,000 was reduced to
36,000. Winter storms now killed all but one of his elephants. FINAL 'YEARS
In some ways Hannibal's march was hugely successful because
he took the Romans by surprise and initially defeated them in
numerous battles. However, after many years and many more
battles his army failed to overcome Rome's superior resources
and manpower. Hannibal, who had been 29 at the start of
his journey, sailed back to North Africa aged 45. He finally
committed suicide in 182 BC, aged 65. Despite his final defeat,
he is still recognized as one of the greatest military leaders in
history.

The Long March

The march began on October 16th. No one was sure where they
were going but 86,000 men and 30 women, including Mao's wife,
set out to walk from the south to the north of China. The journey
took one year, ending in the Shaanxi province.
They started the march quite well, armed with 33,243 guns,
but five weeks later suffered their first disastrous defeat at the
Xiang River crossing. They lost 56,000 men and much of their
equipment was thrown into the river.
Although some party officials complained that Mao's march
was killing too many soldiers, he became leader of both the Red
Army and the Communist party at this time. He was a tough but
popular leader.
One of the worst experiences was crossing the Great Snowy
Mountains, 5,000 metres high. Many men died from lack of
oxygen. Exhausted, they knew that to stop to rest meant certain
death. If they managed to reach the top, it was best to sit down
and slide to the bottom on the ice. Many men were catapulted
over cliffs. Later years
It was now September 1935 and the army had to cross the The Long March began the ascent to power of Mao Zedong.
Marshland, between the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. It looked On October 1, 1949, he proclaimed the People's Republic
innocent, covered with flowers, but beneath the flowers were bogs of China and the Great Cultural Revolution followed.
that could swallow a man in a minute. Mao lost more men during This radically changed every aspect of Chinese society. In
this seven day trek than in the Snowy Mountains. October 1966, Mao's Little Red Book was published, and his
Eventually, on October 19th, after marching for 370 days and ideas were taught throughout the country. Mao's image was
12,500 kilometres they reached Shaanxi province. Of the 86,000 displayed everywhere: in homes, offices, shops and streets.
who began, only 4,000 remained. He finally died on September 9th, 1976, aged 82.
 LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Tell me your fears

What are typical phobias that people have? Make a list. Autophobia
Are you afraid of anything? washing. the colour blue.
Ablutophobia is a
2 Work with a partner. Match the phobias in the chart
fear of flying. birds. feeling cold.
with their definitions. Compare answers as a class. Aviophobia
Frigophobia
fridges. being alone. cars.
( We 1'hitll< autophrOb_ia_i_S_fe_a_r_
Of_'-r'. --'-_ _ _ _ _ _ _,

3 D!II Some people have strange phobias. Listen to

Jodie, Gavin, and Melissa talking about theirs. After
each one discuss these questions.
1 Which part of the cartoon would make them panic?
2 How did their phobia start?
3 How does it affect their lives?
4 What caused their panic attack?
5 Have they tried to cure their phobia?
4 Work in small groups to retell the stories. Use the
promlPts to help.

Jodie
When she was a little girl .. . grandmother
asked her .. . opened the cupboard . .. dark
green cardigan . .. started screaming . . . her
grandmother managed to . .. now it's difficult
to . . . tries to find . . . a year ago ...
a colleague's jacket . . . has decided to ... hard
to admit that . .. silly .. .

Gavin
His dad used to .. . he didn't like watching
him ... when he was seven . . . started feeling
· .. his dad had to stop ... problem got worse What do you think?
· . . supermarkets . . . asked his wife if .. .
daren't go to restaurants . .. oyster . . . only 5 Discuss these questions in your groups.
hamburger bars ... started to see ... hasn't 1 Which of the three people do you think has the most
succeeded in . . . difficult phobia to live with? Why?
2 Why do people get phobias?
3 Why do some people and not others get them?
Melissa 4 How do you think they can be cured? Suggest ideas.
Since she was five . .. trying to blow up . . .
The psychologist's view
popped in her face .. . can remember . . . her
friends enjoy ... think it's fun to .. . last time 6 (DnJ Listen to psychologist Dr Lucy Atcheson talking
· .. a panic attack . . . begged them .. . about phobias. How does she answer questions 2- 4 in
difficulty in . .. worst thing ... events ... exercise 5?
can't imagine ever ... even on TV ...
starts to shake ... teacher .. . advised ...

100 Unit 12 • Telling it how it is

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
You know what they say . ..

Some people like to bring a conversation to an end with

a cliche. Nothing else needs to be said, the cliche says
it all! Underline the cliches in these conversations.

" didn't get that job' applied for. They said' need more THINK
experience.'
'Oh, well! You win some, you lose some.'
ALIKE
'Did you know 15% of the world speaks English?'
'Weill never! You learn something new every day!'

2 Match the lines in A with the cliches in B.

A B

I'm so fed up! Ilost my mobile yesterday. Never mind. We all make mistakes.
Igot the time wrong, and Imissed my plane. Cheer up! It's not the end of the world.

2 Here's my essay. I'm sorry Ididn't hand it in on time. Oh well, better late than never.
So you like Russian novels, do you? So do I! Great minds think alike.

3 Tim's strange. He's not like me at all. You did your best. You can't do any more.
Iworked so hard for that exam, and Istill failed. It takes all sorts to make a world.

4 I've got ten exams in the next two weeks. Rather you than me.
I've got three months' holiday! It's all right for some.

5 I'm going to pack some anti-malaria tablets. No news is good news.

Ihaven't heard from my kids for weeks! Good idea. Better safe than sorry.

6 That presentation was awful. Ihated it. It could be worse. You could have hurt someone.
Ireversed into a wall and broke a taillight. You can say that again. I couldn't stand it.

7 She's been so sad since her husband died. I'msure it's tough, but time's a great healer.
Iwonder if he'll be happy in his new job? Only time will tell.

8 Ijust don't understand Tom's attitude to life. Oh, well. You live and learn.
Itrusted Peter, and he stole all my money! Live and let live. That's what Isay.

3 "flll Listen and check.

And finally . ..
In the words of William Shakespeare ...

101
 WRITING

UNIT1 Correcting mistakes (1) P 103 Finding and correcting language mistakes in an informal letter

UNIT 2 Letters and emails p104 Beginnings and endings; formal and informal language

UNIT 3 A narrative pi 06 Telling a story; linking ideas and adding detail

UNIT4 For and against pl08 Useful words and phrases

UNIT 5 Making a reservation pl09 Sending an email to ask for information

UNIT6 A description (1) pliO Describing a room; relative pronouns, participles

UNIT7 An email of application p1l2 Useful words and phrases

UNIT 8 From notes to writing pl14 Developing a piece of writing from notes

UNIT9 A description (2) pl16 Describing a person's physical appearance, character, and habits

UNIT 10 Writing a biography p 117 Combining sentences to avoid repetition

UNIT 11 Words that join ideas p 118 In fact, actually, of course, naturally, ...

UNIT 12 Correcting mistakes (2) p 119 Finding and correcting language in an email

REFERENCE

Tapescripts pl20 Grammar Reference pl34 Pairwork activities plSI

Irregular verbs piS? Verb patterns plS8 Phonetic symbols pl59

102
Writing
UNIT 1 p73

CORRECTI NG MISTAKES (1)

T Tense WW Wrong word
1 It is important to try to correct your own mistakes when you write. 'Prep Preposition 'P Punctuation
Look at the email that a student has sent to her friend. Her teacher Gr Grammar ~p Spelling
has used symbols to show her the kind of mistakes she has made. WO Word order f, Word missing
Read the email and correct the mistakes.

To: Stephanie 128@lightspeed.net

Subject: Hello from Kati

Dear Stephanie
'Prep Gr
How are you? I'm very well. I came ill Dublin
two weeks ago for to study at a language school.
'P Gr Gr
I wan~ earn english because/lis a very important language. I'm stay with 9 Irish family . They've
Gr Gr
got two son and a daughter. Mr Kendall is} eacher and Mrs Kendall worls in a hospital. The Irish
Gr
lli very kind, but they speak very quickly!
'P WW
I study in the morning. My teachers name is Ann. She said me that my English is OK, but I
WW Gr WO
do a lot of mistakes. Ann don't give us too much homework, so in the afternoons I go always
Gr WO
sightseeing. Dublin is much more big than my city. I like very much shopping and I'm very

interest~ f~~Pfashion, so I visit shops and markets. I've met a girl named Martina. She c~me
Gr T
from Spain and 9.Q to Trinity College. Yesterday we 9.Q to a tennis match, but it wasn't very
. ~P
eXiting.
WW
Do you like to visit me? Why don't you come for a weekend?

I'd love to see you.

Love,
Kati

2 Answer the questions.

1 Where is Kati? Where is she staying?
2 Why is she there?
3 What does she do each day?
4 What does she do in her free time?
5 Who has she met?
3 Imagine that you are a student in another city. Answer the questions in exercise 2 about you.
4 Write a similar email to a friend back in your country. Write 150-200 words.

Writing Unit 1 103

 UNIT 2 p27

LETTERS AND EMAILS

Beginnings and endings

1 How many different ways can you think of to start and 2 Read extracts 1-11 from some letters and emails. Which
end a letter or email? are beginnings and which are endings? Write B or E.

wishes madam All H·,I. sir 1 lust a note to say thank you so much for having me
Dear Lots of love best to stay last weekend. B
2 Thank you for your letter of 16 April. Please find
sincerely Yours faithfully enclosed a cheque for £50.00.
3 Write or better still, email me soon.
4 How are you doing? You'll never guess who I saw
last week at Dan's.
Annie Souch
27 Salford Road 5 I am writing in response to your advertisement in
yesterday's Daily Star.
6 We trust this arrangement meets with your
Matilda Bayes < pbayes(U)calverton.com> satisfaction.
Barnabas Henryroy <BHR1508@conwyinc.co.uk>
7 I'm sorry I haven't been in touch for such a long
time.
8 I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest
convenience.
9 I thought I'd write rather than email for a change.
10 Give my regards to Robert.
ESSEHCAAS 11 Take care and thanks again.
r·'#i#l'-r=l-i-riJ.'.fj=I·8.J
•• - . _ . .- )N ROAD, Braintree
044177833221144 3 Look again at the sentences in exercise 2. Which are
044 1765 44335689
'3 Llewellyn Sfreef -ars-braintree.co .uk
formal, and which are informal? Underline the words
and phrases which helped you decide.
Llandudno

Florence Hucknall 'florrie@33baby.com'

Dat(~:

Subject:

r 1
D
zz
PUJOLS - FRANCE 0<.9
"'­
W'"
I- W
.0;0
co
z
.0
a:: 0
<.9
.. z
0:::;
1--'
0:::>
~co

NEW
CARD

<.9'"
z:::>

104 Writing Unit 2

4 Match the beginnings and endings of these different letters and emails.

Beginnings Endings
Dear Mary and Dave, • Many thanks. I look forward to hearing from you in the near future.
Any chance that you two are free next Sat. p.m.? Yours faithfully,
James Fox

2 Dear Jane, • We apologize for the inconvenience and will have pleasure in
Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear processing your order as soon as we receive the additional amount.
from you after such a long time. You asked me Yours sincerely,
what I've been doing. Well, ... Thames Valley Computer Software

3 Dear Sir/Madam, • It would be lovely to see you some time. Do you ever come
I saw an advertisement in the Daily Telegraph for to London? We could meet for lunch.
weekend breaks at your hotel. Love
Pat

4 Hi Pete, • Let me know asap.

Thanks for the invite. All the best,
Martin
5 Dear Mr Smith, • Can't wait to see you. Let's hope it stays fine.
We received your order for the Encyclopedia Love to Ellie. See you then.
World CD ROM, and your cheque for £75. Deborah

5 Continue the beginnings with one of these lines. 7 You have just found the email address
o Could you please send me your brochure and a price list? I would be of an old friend on the website Friends
Reunited. Write an email to him/her.
most grateful.
Give your news, describe some things that
D I've changed my job a few times since I last spoke to you, and as you know,
you have done recently, and say what your
I've moved to a new flat.
future plans are. Ask about his/her news
o Unfortunately, this amount did not include packing and postage, and family.
which is £7.50.
o We've got four tickets for a flower show in Woodstock. Interested? o
o We'd love to come. From:
To:
6 Which one ... Date:
Subject:
• asks for information?
• invites?
• asks for further payment?
• accepts an invitation?
• gives news?

Underline the words and phrases which helped you decide.

1\1

Writing Unit 2 105

 UNIT 3 p25

A NARRATIVE
Telling a story - linking ideas
TH~ FARM~R AND HIS SONS
1 Read the story. Where do clauses a-f go?
a as soon as their father had died There was once an old, dying farmer (1 )_. Before he died he wanted
b who had worked hard on his farm all to teach his three sons how to be good farmers. So he called them to his
his life bedside and said, 'My boys, I have an important secret to tell you: there is
c what their father had meant by the a great treasure buried in the land. Promise me that you will look for it
great treasure
d and while they were working they when I am dead.'
thought about what their father had The sons gave their promise and (2)_ they began looking for the
said treasure. They worked very hard in the hot sun (3)_. They pictured boxes
e because they felt that all their hard of gold coins, diamond necklaces, and other such things. (4)_ but they
work had been for nothing found not a single penny. They were very upset (5)_. However, a few
f Soon they had dug up every inch of
the land months later crops started to grow. They were the biggest and best in the
neighbourhood and they sold them for a lot of money. Now the sons
Complete the moral.
understood (6)_ and they lived happily ever after.
TIn: MORAL Ot 'I'HIS StORY IS: HARD WORK BRINGS ...

106 Writing Unit 3

2 Complete the sentences using a linking word from the box. Use each linking word once only.

TH~ EMPEROR AND HIS DAUGHTEfuS

There was once an emperor lived in a palace.
before
He had three daughters no sons.
as soon as
He wanted his daughters to marry he died.
while
He found three princes. , his daughters didn't like them. during
They refused to marry the princes, the emperor became very angry. when
He said they must get married _ _ _ they were sixteen years old. but
The three daughters ran away the night and found work on a farm. However
They decided to marry the farmer's sons _ _ _ they were working there. so
who
They married the sons _ _ _ they were sixteen.

3 In what ways are these sentences different

from the ones in exercise 2?

There was once an old emperor who

lived in an enormous, golden palace in
the middle of the city Ping Chong.
He had three beautiful daughters. but
unfortunately no sons.

Continue rewriting the story, adding more

detail to make it more interesting.

4 Write a folk tale or fairy story that you know.

Write about 200 words.
Begin:
':n-t e. V'e fA A sf fA e. 're. 0 ftC e. ...- - -
or
Dftce. UpOft A {111-te. tke.n
fA AS / fA e.'re. ...
--------------
End:
.. . Aftd. tke.,0 live.d. kAppll,0 e.ve.Y'
A{te.Y'.

If your story has a moral, give it at the end.

Writing Unit 3 107

 U~~IT 4 p33

FOR AND AGAINST

1 Read the text. Replace the underlined words and phrases
with those in the box.

in my opinion, One advantage is that For instance

One disadvantage is that pros and cons All things considered
Finally' In conclusion In fact,
Another point is that Moreover

CHILDHOOD - the bect time of your life

1 Some people say that childhood is the best
time of your life. However, being a child has
both advantages and disadvantages.
2 On the plus side, you have very few responsibilities.
For example, you don't have to go to work, pay
bill~" or do the shopping, cooking, or cleaning. This
means you have plenty of free time to do whatever
you want - watch TV; play on the computer; go out
with friends; play sports, or pursue other hobbies .
On top of that, public transport and sports centres
cost much less for children. All in all, being a child
is an exciting, action-packed time in life.
3 However, for every plus there is a minus. For one
thing, you have to spend all day at school. Studying
usually means you have to do homework, and you
have to take exams. What is more, you may have a
lot of free time, but you are rarely allowed to do
whatever you want. You usually have to ask your
parents if you can do things, from going shopping 4 To sum up, although some people see childhood as
in town to staying out late or meeting friends . Last the best time in life, I think that children have no
of aU, although there are often cheaper prices for real choice, independence, or money. Nevertheless,
children, things are still expensive - and parents it is true that choice, money, and independence
are not always generous with pocket money. all bring responsibilities and restrictions - which
There's never enough to do everything you want. increase with age.
The realitv is that sometimes there's not enough to
do anything at all!

2 There are four paragraphs. What is the purpose of each one? 4 You are going to write a 'for and against'
3 Match the pros with the cons. essay. Write a list of pros and cons for one
of these topics.
Pros Cons 1 Getting older
1 don't have to go to work are never given enough pocket money 2 Having a university degree
2 can go out with friends have to do homework and take exams 5 Use your ideas from exercise 4 to write
3 don't have to cook and clean have to go to school all day four paragraphs. Write about 250 words.
4 costs less to do things need to ask your parents' permission

108 Writing Unit 4

 UNIT 5 p42

MAKING A RESERVATION
1 Janet Cooper wants to go on holiday with her family. She emails the SEA VIEW B&B
www.seaviewb&b.com
Sea View B&B to see if they have the accommodation she wants. Look
at the advert for the Sea View B&B and fill in the details at the top of
the email.
2 Put the words in order, and write them into the message part of

TO:_
Janet's email.

o
Get away from the city.
. From Janet Cooper Escape to the peace and quiet
Subject: of Cornwall!
For reservations and enquiries contact
Anne Westcombe:
Phone/Fax: 01326 230579
email: reservations@seaviewb&b.com

Dear Ms Westcombe

a two / rooms / bed and breakfast / I / to /

would like / reserve / at / your

b 27 August / We / on / are / arriving

C six / hope / stay / to / We / for / nights /
departing / 2 September / on

d and / husband / would like / room / I / My / double / with /

en-suite bathroom / an / preferably / a

e also / reserve / two / to / I / a / room / for /

would / like / teenage / our / daughters

f sea / the / possible / Would / have / it / rooms /

to / facing / be / ?

9 available / for / you / Do / have / dates / these / moms / ?

h also / me / you / Could / tell / room / each / price / the / of / ?

from / I / forward / look / you / to / hearing

3 Write a reply email to Janet. Include the following information:

• thank her for her enquiry
• say you are pleased to confirm her reservation for the rooms she wants and for
the dates she wants
• tell her that all the rooms come with en-suite bathroom and a sea view
• each room is £50 per night
• end the email saying that you look forward to welcoming her and her family to
the B&B
• finish with Yours sincerely, Anne Westcombe

Writing Unit 5 109

 UNIT 6 p53

A DESCRIP TI ON (1)
Describing a room - relative
pro nouns, participles
1 Think of your favourite room. Draw a
e ro-o-m
plan of it on a piece of paper. Write down
why you like it and some adjectives to
describe it.
My favourite room is ... I like it because ..•
Show a partner your plan and talk about
your room.
2 Read the description. Why is this kitchen
more than just a room where you cook
and eat?
3 Complete the description using these
relative clauses:
which tells the story
that we're going to next Saturday
where we cook and eat
whose family have all emigrated
which is the focal point of the room
which means
we haven't seen
Ilike best
who are cross and sleepy
where family and friends come together

GR~MMAR SPOT
Und4?rline the relative pronouns in
exercise 3. What do they refer to? When
do we use which, who, that, where, and
whose?
2 Look at the these sentences. We can
omit the relative pronoun from one in
T he room in our house (1J is our kitchen. Perhaps the
kitchen is the most important room in man~ houses, but it is
particularl~ so in our house because it's not onl~ (2J ,
each pair. Which one? Why? but it's also the place (3J _ __
This is the room which Ilike best. / This is I have so many happy memories of times spent there: ordinary
the room which has a good view of the sea. daily events such as making breakfast on dark, cold winter
He's afriend who we haven't seen for years. /
mornings for children (4 J , before sending them off to
He's a friend who lives in Jeddah.
school; or special occasions such as homecomings or cooking a big
3 Look at these examples of participles. family dinner. Whenever we have guests, people gravitate to the
Rewrite them with relative pronouns.
kitchen. It alwa~s ends up the fullest and noisiest room in the
I have so many happy memories of times
spent there. house.
There is a large window looking out onto So what does this special room look like? It's quite big, but not
two apple trees in the garden. huge. It's big enough to have a good·sized rectangular table in the
centre, (5] . There is a large window above the sink, looking
~ Grammar Reference 6.5 and 6.6 p143

110 Writing Unit 6

 4 Link these sentences with the correct
relative pronoun: who, which, that,
where, whose.
1 The blonde lady is Pat. She's wearing a
black dress.
2 There's the hospital. My sister works
there.
3 The postcard arrived this morning. It's
from Auntie Nancy.
4 I passed all my exams. This made my
father very proud.
5 Did you meet the girl? Her mother
teaches French.
5 Complete the sentences with a word from
the box in the present or past participle.
I play give stick listen arrange

1 I spend hours in my mom, _ _ __

to the radio.
2 I have lots of posters on
the walls.
3 My brother is in his bedroom,
____ on his computer.
4 There are photos of my family
____ on my shelves.
5 I also have a colour TV to
me by my parents.

6 Write a similar description of your

favourite room in about 250 words.
Describe it and give reasons why you like
out onto two apple trees in the garden. There's a big, old cooking it. Use relative pronouns and participles
stove at one end, and at the other end a wall with a huge notice to link your sentences.
board (6) of our lives, past, present, and future: a school
photo of the kids; a postcard from Auntie Nancy, [7] to
Australia; the menu from a take-away Chinese restaurant; an
invitation to a wedding [8) ; a letter from a friend
(9) for years. All our world is there for everyone to read!
The front door is seldom used in our house, only by strangers.
All our friends use the back door (10) they come straight
into the kitchen and join in whatever is happening there. The kettle
goes on immediately and then we all sit round the table, drinking
tea and putting the world to rights! Without doubt some of the
happiest times of my life have been spent in our kitchen.

Writing Unit 6 111

 UNIT 7 p55

AN EMAIL OF APPLICATION
1 Read Nigel's email of application and complete it using the phrases
and words in the box.

I consider myself experience widely

As you will see hard-working fluently
I am writing in reply advertisement ev
I look forward to hearing on business deadlines
~--------------------------------------~

-ABl e
To: David.Benton@worldwatcheurope.com Attachment: CV_NW.doc
Subject: Application_Business Journalist. ReC009BT

Dear Mr Benton,

_____________ to your ____ in today's Guardian for a journalist based

in Geneva.

_______ from the attached , I studied journalism and

modern languages at University College, London, and went on to do a
master's in journalism at Queen Mary 's College, London.

_____________ the ideal candidate for the job because I have all the
relevant . In my present job I am in charge of Eastern Europe
publications for Intertec Publishing. Before this, I worked for the BBC World
Service, at first covering Mexico and Argentina, then Europe. I have travelled
____ in South America and Europe. In my present job I frequently go to
Japan . I speak French, German, and Spanish _ __

I am an enthusiastic and _ __ person. I am good at organizing people

and can meet _ __

_______ from you.

Sincerely,
Nigel Watson
e:: n.watson@hmail.com
t: 07969690090

112 Writing Unit 7

2 Answer the questions.
1 What job is Nigel applying for?
2 Where did he hear about the vacancy?
3 What has he attached to the email application?
4 Look at his email and the advert. Why does he think he is right for the job?

Europe e
Business Joumalist
This international business magazine, with 1,000,000
readers worldwide, is seeking a journalist, based in
Geneva, to cover business news in Europe.
Requirements:
• a master's degree in journalism
• at least two years' experience in business journalism
• fluent in French and German. If possible, some knowledge
of Spanish
• excellent communication skills
• international travel experience is a plus

Please email CV and covering letter to:

David.Benton@worldwatcheurope.com
Job Reference: 009 _BJ
Visit us on the web: http://www.worldwatcheurope.com

3 You are going to write a letter of application. Read the job advertisement below.

TRANS·GLOBE TOURS
TOUR GUIDES
We are looking for enthusiastic, hard-working, friendl~ people who
have good interpersonal skills
speak two or more languages fluently
have a genuine interest in other countries and cultures
want to see the world

Please apply with CV via email to:

Martin Ruane, Personnel Manager martin.ruane@trans-globetours.com
Trans-Globe Tours, Victoria Square, London SW1 6VC

4 Answer the questions in exercise 2 about you. Use your answers to write your letter
of application for Trans-Globe Tours. Write about 200 words.

Writing Unit 7 113

 UNIT 8 p68

FROM NOTES TO WRITING

A famous town or city
Write down everything you know about New York City.
Collect all your ideas as a class.
NEW
2 Work with a partner and study the diagram about
New York. Compare the information with your ideas .

• Hudson River
YORK
~0
oOJ
~
~'1J.<:J.
same latitude as
Naples and Madrid
Dutch 1614 I New Amsterdam
• British 1664 I New York
C ITY
Although New York City is not the capital
• 19th c.1 immigration
of the United States, its influence is seen
• 20th c.1 economic boom
throughout the world. Its niclmame,
• Sept. 11th 2001 (1) " '; was given to it by early

~'U
n.. densely populated
I 8,214,246
immigrants because the city seemed so
huge and full of promise.
00~ • 36% foreign born Geography
~ • 170 languages
It is located at the mouth of the
~fJ1.J (2) and lies on the same latitude

~
as the European cities of (3) _ _ __
'The Big Apple'
History

NEW YORK CITY The Dutch founded the city in 1614, calling

,
it (4) . However, in (5) it
'The city that never sleeps' was captured by the British and renamed
New York. The city grew in importance and
was the US capital until 1790. During the
~ 19th century it was transformed by
~~ (6) and from the early 20th
~ century became a world centre for industry,
o~~ commerce, and communication. With
the economic (7) came the
• 12,000 taxis
construction of its distinctive skyline of
• 3 airports skyscrapers, two of which, the Twin Towers
• Grand Central Station of the World Trade Center, were destroyed
in the attacks of (8) , when nearly
• subway I 1.4 billion passengers
3,000 people died.
baseball

• marattion / 37,000 runners

Shopping 15th Ave.

• Empire State Building, etc.
• 40 million visitors
variety

• haute cuisine I burgers

114 Writing Unit 8

Its people 3 Read and complete the text using the information from
the diagram in exercise 2.
New York is the most (9) and
cosmopolitan city in the United States 4 Read the text again. What extra information to the
with 8,214,246 inhabitants speaking (10) _ __ diagram can you find? Give some examples.
languages. 36% of the city's population is (11) _ _
. Five of the largest ethnic groups are: Puerto 5 Find these words and expressions in the text and discuss
Ricans, Italians, West Indians, Chinese, and Irish. why they are used.

Transport although its However distinctive

two of which whereas is home to with (so much to do)
One in three New Yorkers uses public transport to
get to work, whereas in the rest of the US 90% of
commuters go by car. The New York City Subway, 6 Complete these sentences with the words or expressions
which is open 24/7, is used by (12) a from exercise 5.
year. New York is also home to the famous Grand 1 Tokyo is the biggest city in the world. _ _ __
Central Station, three major airports, and (13) _ __
distinctive, yellow taxi cabs. population is over 28 million.
2 Britain has many big cities, ____ are
Sport Birmingham and Manchester.
The New York Marathon, held annually on the 3 Manchester one of the most famous
first Sunday of November, is the largest marathon football teams in the world, Manchester United.
in the world. It attracts (14) . However,
4 The temperature in Canada can be as low as -25°C in
many New Yorkers prefer a less energetic jog round
Central Park. New Yorkers are also keen (15) _ _ winter. , in summer it is often over 30°C.
fans. The two most popular teams are the New York 5 most people in Canada speak English,
Yankees and the New York Mets. French is also an official language.
Tourism 6 It is easy to recognise pictures of Sydney harbour
About (16) tourists visit New York City because of its bridge.
each year. Major attractions include the Empire 7 Madrid is located in the centre of Spain, _ _ __
State Building, Times Square, Central Park, Barcelona is on the coast.
and, of course, the luxury (17) along 8 _ _ _ _ so much to see, it is impossible to do a
Fifth Avenue. Tourists are also attracted by the
incredible tour of Europe in two weeks.
(18) of places to eat, from diners, with 7 Choose a famous town or city. Research it, make notes
their burgers, bagels, and pizza, to many of the (you could draw a diagram), and then write about it.
finest haute cuisine restaurants in the US, and not Use the headings about New York, or choose headings of
forgetting the Grand Central Oyster Bar, and the your own.
(19) sold on every street corner.

Finally
With so much to do and see it is no surprise that
New York is often called (20) " "

Writing Unit 8 115

 UNIT 9 p76

A DESCRIPTION (2)
Describing a person

1 Think of someone in your family.

Write answers to questions 1-6 about
him/her.
1 What is his/her name?
2 How is this person related to you?
3 Why are you choosing this person?
4 What is he/she like?
5 What does he/she look like?
6 What does he/she like to do?
Read your sentences to the rest of the class.
2 Look at the photo and read the description
of Emily Morgan. Write the words and
phrases used to describe her on the chart.
physical
appearance

character

habits
OjaU 1M.}' r~ I Like 1M.}' AtMtt EmJiy the bert she'f
1M.}' UU7fhey'f10'Uftj&rt dfle-y. she hM never UfAJ'ried Mtd
3 not very tolerant in paragraph 2 is >1u tiAm a/J, aLmte?lt It Yt4W.ll ~e near Bath. shes-?It
a polite way of saying intolerant.
Make polite forms of these words.
her Late ~ /m,t >1u'f ytfjj, 1uite 10'Uftj?lt F. she
1 rude
hM a fair ~xUm) dwrt3Yey ItaU) Mtd de&p b£ue
2 boring ey&r. she hM a kMui faa) Mtd ~ lOU ~ hetj the
3 cheap fo'9t tIUnj lOU 1UJ1i,ce alnnd her k her warm) frUmdIy
4 ugly
5 cruel
f111i.te. H&r face k a Uttte !Mud 1WW) /m,t [tIU"nJc >1u k
6 stupid ytfjj, ra£ker aitrac:tWe. she k the ki+td oj p-erwn lOU CMt
4 Use your sentences from exercise 1 to ~f 30 to i/lou have It fWoMem.
write a similar description of one of
your relatives. Include: AtMtt EmJiy tiker r~ Mtd 3ar~) Mtd >1u tiker
• your relation to him/her to 30 for Urnj w-aiJvf mthe COtAAUryUde. she'f a 1m)'
• your opinion of him/her
• phys ical description active pet'wn. Either Yke'f ~ ~ or ~
• his/her character, habits, likes and dislikes ~ or ~ ~ to heip o1:Iurf. she M&s
the ~ for umte oj the ofd peqde ?It the ~e.
shes- extre-mety je1WY(Jt,U) !mt 11fff 1/"erf tderttM oj peqde
1A.Jir.,o don r ttjree with her. [ Iwpe tIw [ am M ~fflCed
M Yke k ~ I am her ~e.

116 Writing Unit 9

 UNIT 10 p81

WRITING A BIOGRAPHY
Combining sentences

1 Read the sentences in A about Erik Berglund. Compare them with the
paragraph in B. Note all the ways the sentences combine. Underline
the words in A that are not used again in B.
A B
Erik Berglund is a photographer.
He is Swedish. Erik Berglund, the
He is famous worldwide. Swedish photographer, who
He is famous for his landscape and wildlife photography. is famous worldwide for
He started taking photographs at the age of eight. his landscape and wildlife
He was born in Stockholm in 1960. photography, started taking
He left Stockholm in 1978.
photographs at the age of
He won a scholarship to the London School of Photography.
eight. Born in Stockholm
He studied photographic technique.
in 1960, Erik left there in 1978 when he won a scholarship to
He became an activist in the environmental movement.
the London School of Photography. Whilst in London, he not only
He has travelled all over the world. studied photographic technique, but also became an activist in the
He has taken landscape and wildlife photographs for environmental movement.
various magazines.
He has lived and worked in many places. Since then he has travelled all over world, taking landscape and
He has lived and worked in London, New York, and Paris. wildlife photographs for various magaZines. He has lived and
He now lives in Paris. worked in many places, including London, New York, and Paris,
He lives with his daughter and his second wife. where he now lives with his daughter and his second wife, the
She is a publisher. publisher Juliette Maynard.
She is Juliette Maynard.

2 Alfred Nobel is also Swedish. Why is he famous? Combine 3 Starting as shown, continue the biography of
these sentences about him to form a natural sounding Alfred Nobel.
paragraph. Use the first paragraph on Astrid to help.
Returllillg to Swedell with his brother Emil ill Il?S2, he ...
Alfred Bernhard Nobel is the man behind the Nobel Prizes.
He was an engineer. He returned to Sweden in 18S2.
He was an inventor and a poet. He returned with his brother Emil.
He was born in Stockholm in 1833. They worked in their father's factory.
He left Stockholm at the age of nine. The factory was an explosives factory.
His family moved to Russia. An explosion in the factory killed Emil in 1864.
He was educated by private tutors. Alfred was deeply affected.
He studied chemical engineering. He wanted to invent a safer explosive.
He studied languages and literature. He invented one in 1867.
studied in the United States He called it 'dynamite'.
and France. He started to set up dynamite factories.
He founded factories in many parts of the world.
Alfred made a fortune.
He died in 1896.
He left $9 million.
He left the money to set up yearly prizes for science,
literature, and world peace.
The prizes are called the Nobel Prizes.

Research some facts about a famous man and a

famous woman, dead or alive, who you admire.
W rite a short profile for each of them.

Writing Unit 10 117

 UNIT 11 p93

WORDS THAT JOIN IDEAS

1 Join the sentences in different ways using the words in brackets.
1 George was rich. He wasn't a happy man. (but / although / however)
2 To rang me from a phone box. She's lost her mobile. (because / so)
2 Look at these words and expressions. They prepare people for what you
are going to write or say next. Read and complete the sentences.
In fact/Actually (I'm going to add more information to support this statement.)
Peter doesn't like working in London. In fact, he's thinking of changing jobs.
Peter and I are engaged. Actually, we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
2 Of course/Naturally (Wha t I am going to say is obvious.)
Of murse, having a baby has totally changed our lives. of cou se
Naturally, when I was a child I didn't _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
3 Fortunately/Unfortunately (What / am going to say is/ is not good news.)
naturally
She tried really hard, and fortunately, she passed the exam.
She stood and waited for over an hour, but unfortunately, _ _ _ _ _ __
fortunately
4 Nevertheless (/ am going to tell you about a result or effect which is unexpected.)
The accident wasn't her fault. Nevertheless, she felt terrible.
My father didn't do very well at school. Nevertheless, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
5 Anyway (I am going to finish talking about the subject and move on to something new.)
What traffic! I thought I'd never get here. Anyway, now let's get on with the meeting.
Anyway, you've heard enough about me. What ?
nyway
3 Read the email and write the word or words that fit best.
o
To: Melodycat@hyp.org
Subject: Hi from Jackie and Joe

Hi Melody,

I hope you're all well. Things are busy here. Maya moved out last week. She found a small apartment not far from here,
(1) (so / anyway) we still see her all the time. She also got a new job at a radio station. (2) (Unfortunately, /
Because) it doesn't pay very well, (3) (of course / but) at least she likes it. Now that Maya has moved out, it's
only Joe and me at home. After 24 years of having kids around the house, it's a little strange to have the place all to
ourselves. (4) , (However / In fact) it's nice to come home to a clean house at the end of the day. :-)

Samantha is going to graduate from Oberlin College this year. We're all very proud and (5) (however / of course)
we're going to celebrate the event together. Samantha says she wants to travel somewhere interesting this summer,
(6)_ _ _ (but / because) she hasn't decided where to go yet. Joe's fine, (7) (although / so) he's been in a
bad mood lately. He hasn't been able to do much in the garden (8),_ __ _ (because / actually) it's rained every day for
the last two weeks! (9)_ __ _ , (In fact / Nevertheless) it's been the rainiest summer for 20 years. (10) _ _ _ _
(Anyway I Of course) that's enough of our news. How are you all? What are you up to?
Write back and tell me everything!
Love, Jackie

118 Writing Unit 11

 UNIT 12 p98

CORRECTING MISTAKES (2)

1 Kati was a student of English in Dublin, where she stayed with the Kendall family.
She has now returned home. Read the email she has written to Mr and Mrs Kendall.
Her English has improved, but there are still over 25 mistakes. How many can you find?

To: GillandBobKendall@lightspeed.net Attachment: GoodbyeOublin.jpg

Subject: Hello from Kati

Dear Mr and Mrs Kendall

I am home now since two weeks, but I have to start work immediately, so this is
the first time is possible for me to write. How are you all? Are you busy as usual?
Does Tim still work hard for his exam next month? I am miss you a lot and also all
my friends from Dublin. :-)

Yesterday I've received an email from my Spain friend, Martina, and she told me
about some of the other people I met. She say that Atsuko and Yuki will write
me from Japan. I am lucky because I made so many good friend during I was
in Ireland. It was really interesting for me to meet people from so many different
countries. I think that we not only improved our English (I hope this!) but we also
knew people from allover the world and th is is important.

My family are fine. They had a good summer holiday by t he lake. We are all very
exciting because my brother will get married in December and we like very much
his fiance. They have looked for a flat near the city centre but it is no easy to find
one. If they won't find one soon, they will have to stay here with us.

Please can you check something for me? I can't find my red scarf. I think maybe I
have forgotten it in the cuboard in my bedroom.

Please write soon. My family send best wishes to you all. I hope I can come back
next year. Stay with you was a very wonderful experience for me. Thank you for all
things and excuse my mistakes. I already forget much words.

Love and best wishes to you all,

Kati
P.S. I hope you like the attached photo. It's nice, isn't it?
It's the one you took when I was leaving!

2 Compare the mistakes you have found with a partner.

Correct the email.

3 Write a thank-you email to someone you have stayed with.

Writing Unit 12 119

 Tapescripts
Un it 1 4
S
She's never travelled to Europe before.
She's been there for two weeks.
But I couldn't live without mine. It's brilliant.
I can call or text my friends all the time from
6 She's going back to work next week. wherever I am and they can call or text me.
DO General knowledge quiz 7 Her husband's a builder. Or if I need a lift from you, Dad ...
1 The modern Olympic Games started in 8 He's got his own business. M You mean like when you need picking up
from a friend's house?
1896.
2 It takes eight m inutes for the sun's rays to .m SeepS Yeah, that kind of thing ... or if I'm going to
reach the Earth. be home late, or I'm staying late at school or
3 He was walking on the moon. DO Making conversation whatever - I can just let you and Mum know
4 If you are flying over the International Date D = Dad, E = Elliot what's happening.
Line, the Pacific Ocean is below you. S OK, OK that's good, but the problem is that
D Good morning! Did you have a nice time
5 A vegetarian doesn't eat meat. people use them too much for every little
yesterday?
6 www. stands for World Wide Web. thing, you're never alone.
EYes, I did. I went round to Toby's house.
7 Glasses were invented in Italy around 1300 M What I really hate is when people shout into
D Do you want breakfast?
A.D. them in public places and everyone has to
E No, I don't, thanks. I'm not hungry.
8 Brazil has won the World Cup five times. listen to their boring conversations - you
D Have you had any coffee?
9 The Titanic was sailing to New York when it know that kind of thing - er 'Hello, it's me.
E Yes, I have. I don't want any more, thanks.
sank. I'm on the bus, you can put the dinner in the
D Is Toby coming round tonight?
10 Chinese is spoken by the most people in the E No, he isn't. He's going out for dinner with oven.
world. S Sometimes it's not just boring, it's really
his family.
11 Dinosaurs didn't attack humans because dangerous, you know, when people use
D OK. Are you leaving for school soon?
they became extinct 65 million years ago, E Yes, I am. As soon as I've finished this them when they're driving - I've seen lots
before humans were on the earth. exercise. of ...
12 People have been sending emails since the And teachers tell us off if we forget to turn
1970s. DD them off and they ring in class or you hear
the 'beep, beep' of a text message.
1 Is it hot today?
011 2 Is it raining?
S I'll bet they do. Good manners certainly
The sun doesn't rise in the west! It rises in the 3 Are you wearing trainers? aren't a wonder of the modern world!
east! 4 Do you usually come to class by bus? M Well, I have to say for me the most amazing
2 Cows don't eat meat! They eat grass! S Are you going out this evening? wonder is an obvious one ... it's the Internet
3 Mercedes -Benz cars aren't made in Canada I 6 Did you have a good day yesterday? and email. It's changed the whole world and
They're made in Germany! 7 Have you got a dictionary? it's totally transformed my business. Everyone
4 Neil Armstrong didn't land on the moon in 8 Have you got any pets? at work is always on the computer, checking
1989! He landed in 1969! emails, sending emails. It's where most of our
5 The Titanic wasn 't sailing to Southampton DO business is done nowadays.
when it sank! It was sailing to New York! A Do you like studying English? S Yeah, but the bad part is that you're glued to
6 The Pyramids weren't built by the Chinese! B Yes, I do. It's my favourite subject. your computer all day - I reckon people will
They were built by the Egyptians! forget how to communicate face to face soon,
2 A Is it a nice day today?
7 We haven't been in class for five hours! B No, it isn't. It's freezing. it'll all be through machines. Just because
We've been in class for one hour! you've got all these different ways to
3 A Have you seen my pen?
8 We aren't studying Arabic! We're studying B No, I haven't. You can borrow mine if you communicate doesn't mean there's any more
English! want. to say! I'm glad I didn't have email and
4 A Are you staying at home this evening? texting in my day.
DO BYes, I am. Do you want to come round? Ah, but Grandpa, the way things are going,
A What did you do last night? S A Did you go on holiday last summer? you'll probably be able to send messages
B I stayed at home and watched television. through your television soon!
B No, 1 didn't. I couldn't afford to.
2 A What kind of books do you like reading? S Huh, not in my lifetime I hope!
B Horror stories and science fiction. 110 My wonders
3 A Have you ever been to the United States?
BYes, I have. I went there last year.
J = Jad, S = Samir, M = Marwan om See p12

A Did you like it?

B Yes, I really enjoyed it.
J We were doing the wonders of the world in
school today. You know, the seven ancient
om
1 food 3 stood S read 7 phone
4 A What's the teacher doing? wonders, the pyramids and such like and we 2 near 4 paid 6 work 8 walk
B He's helping Hassan with this exercise. got to talking about what modern wonders
S A What does your father do?
B He works in a bank. S
would be and well we all thought that ...
Huh! I know what the best modern wonder
om Everyday situations
A I need to make an appointment. It's quite
6 A Why didn't you do your homework last is for me. I know what's changed my life, my urgent. I've lost a filling.
night? life more than anything else . .. B We have a cancellation this afternoon.
B Because I didn't feel well. M What's that, Dad? 2.45 if that's OK?
7 A What are you doing next weekend? S The television. It's got everything - news, A That's great. I'll be there.
B I'm going to a wedding. documentaries, sport ... Every time I switch it 2 A A medium latte and a muffin, please.
S A Have you got a TV in your bedroom? on I see something interesting or learn B Have here or take away?
B No, I haven't. Just a computer. something new. It helps me keep up-to -date A Here, please.
with the rest of the modern world. B That'll be £3.90 please.
Well, anyway, we all said at school the very
3 A I can't make the meeting. I'm stuck in
1 My sister's a teacher. best thing was the mobile phone ... traffic.
2 She's on holiday at the moment. M I knew it!
B Never mind. We'll start without you and
3 She's in France. S Huh! I don't even know how to use one.
brief you later.

120 Tapescripts 1.1-1.12

 A Oh, hang on! We're moving again. I I can. I'm opening two shops that sell surfboards from our New York office. I don't really know
should be there in about an hour. in the next few months. The boards are made in him very well.
4 A Can you put in your PIN number and South Africa. Sunday is my favourite day of the A He's the guy working on his laptop?
press 'Enter'? week. I get up as early as I can, and spend the day B That's him. Wearing a shirt, no tie. He knows
B Oh no! I can't remember my number for on the beach. everything about technology. And finally
this card. Oh, what is it? that's Christina talking to Simon. She's his
Mike
A Have you got another card you could use? PA. She's ...
My wife Jenny and I live on a farm in beautiful
5 A Sparkling or still? And do you want ice countryside. I know we're very lucky, but it's A Sorry. What was that?
and lemon in it? B She's Simon's PA, Personal Assistant. She
hard work. We rarely have a day off at the
B Sparkling, please. Ice but no lemon. organizes his diary, but she helps all of us,
weekend or any day of the year. We have to
A No problem. Is that all? really. We couldn't cope without her. She
feed the sheep. Now we're lambing, so we aren't
6 A I don't think you've met Greg. He's runs the whole place, <.ctually. She's wearing a
getting any sleep, either. But I suppose our
joining us from our New York office. black suit and she's very smart.
favourite day is Wednesday because that's the
B Hello. Good to meet you. I've heard a lot A Right. I think I've got that .. .
day we generally go to the farmers' market in
about you. town. It's a chance for us to sell things, and we
A Yeah, at last we meet. I'm looking forward really enjoy meeting up with friends and finding DB Who earns how much?
to working together. out all the local news. Part 1
7 A How many bags are you checking in? A Well, I reckon that doctors earn quite a lot.
B Just the one. DDSeeplS B Yeah. I think so, too. They have a lot of
A And did you pack it yourself? responsibility and a lot of training. I'd say that
B Yes, I did. lID Questions and answers doctors get about ... £105,OOO? What do you
8 A The lift's on your right. Would you like 1 A Has he got any children? think?
someone to help you with your luggage? B Yes, two. A Could be ... or it could be even more,
B No thank you. I'll manage. 2 A How often does he see them? £120,000.
A OK. If you're sure. Here's your key. Enjoy B Once a fortnight. B One of those two, anyway. Shall we look at
your stay. 3 A Why doesn't he like the morning shift? the high earners first?
9 A Please hold. Your call is important to us. B Because he has to get up at 4.30. A Uh huh. £750,000 .. .
All our operators are busy at the moment, 4 A How many hours a day does he work? B There's one higher .. .
but one of them will be with you shortly. B Ten. A Oh, is there? Oh, yeah. A million. Mmm.
B If I have to wait any longer, I'll go mad! 5 A What does he like about his job? B I'd say ... that has to be the footballer.
C Can I help you? B He likes it because it's challenging, and he A Yes, definitely. They do earn ridiculous
B At last a real person! Do you know how likes working in a team. amounts of money, do n't they? So what about
long I've been on the phone? 6 A What does he think about while he's £750,OOO? Who earns three quarters of a
10 A There are still tickets for the Arsenal surfing? million?
match but this Saturday's game has sold B He only thinks about surfing, nothing else. BErm ... I think that's the lawyer.
out, I'm afraid. 7 A Where's he going next month? A As much as that? What about the senior
B That's fine. We'll have two, please, one B Costa Rica. director? Do lawyers earn more than them?
adult, and one child. 8 A Is his business doing well? B Maybe, maybe not. I suppose the lawyer
A Right. Two for Chelsea vs Arsenal. The B Yes, it is. He's opening two shops. could be £105,000, and the Senior Director
gates open at 7. 9 A What do he and his friends do on Sunday £750,000. Senior Directors are in charge of
evenings? huge companies.
B They eat barbecued fish. A OK. Now ... the pilot. Pilots earn quite a lot,
Unit 2 don't they? They need a lot of experience,
DB The office they have people's lives in their hands ... I
DB My favourite day of the week A = new employee B = established employee think they get ... oh, at least a hundred, a
A I don't know anybody' Can you help me? hundred and fifty.
Adam Who are all these people? B Mmm. I know what you mean, but I don't
I go to a boarding school. so I don't live with my B Uh, well, that's Simon. He's sitting at the top think they get as much as that.
parents during term -time. Erm ... , what I like of the table reading something. A Don't they? Oh. Anyway, there isn't 150 on
is being with my friends all the time. Whether A He's the one with glasses wearing a jumper,
we're working or just chatting, it's great to know this list, so .
right? B I reckon pilots get about £65,000 ...
that there's always someone there. There's also
B Yeah, that's it. A OK. I'd say that's about right
a lot of freedom. I don't have to tell my parents A And what does he do?
where I'm going, who I'm going with, you
know ... Normally Monday is my favourite day
B He's the Managing Director. He's the man in lID
charge. Part 2
because I only have two lessons on a Monday, A The boss, in other words. B Let's go on down to the bottom. What's the
but I'm having a very bad day today because I B Uh huh. He shouts a lot, but he listens as well.
have homework from everyone of my teachers, lowest salary?
Then there's Edward. He's wearing a suit. A £11,000. I guess that's the nurse. They don't
and I have to do it now! He 's standing up talking to Andy. Edward's get paid much, nurses.
Terry the Sales Director. He's charming. He always B I thought they earned more than that,
I work in a restaurant in Manchester. I have has a nice word to say to everyone. Andy's actually. I know they don't get much, but even
two days off a week, usually Monday and standing next to him. He's drinking a coffee. so ...
Wednesday, but my favourite day of the week is, He's wearing a jacket and a scarf. A Then there's £ 12.500, and the next up is
in fact, Friday, even though I work that day. It's A And Andy is the ... ? £22,500.
the best night because all my mates come into B Andy's the Accountant. Money, money, B Oh, look! Supermarket cashier. I don't
the restaurant and we have a great laugh. There's money. Very bright, very quick. suppose they get much. £12,500, I'd say.
a real buzz to the place, and it doesn't feel like A Ah, OK. And who's that talking on his phone? A OK. That seems about right. What about
work at all. Time just flies by. The restaurant's B In the white shirt and blue trousers? That's farmers? How much do they get?
being redecorated at the moment, so everything's Jack; he's the Human Resources Manager, B I don't know. It depends what sort of farmer.
a bit crazy. HR Manager. He looks after all the personnel. They can earn a fortune, can't they?
Dave He's brilliant. Everyone loves him. Then A I suppose so, yes ... But they're always
I'm a police officer. I like my job because it's there's Matthew. He's the IT Manager. He's complaining that supermarkets don' t pay
challenging, but I live for surfing. I go as often as only working here for a few months. He's them enough for what they produce.

Tapescripts 2.1-2.6 121

 B I still reckon they get a decent salary. They 'On the twenty-fourth. I'll give you a ring 8 What was he doing at half past eight in the
own so much land! I bet they get 50 or 60 when we get home.' evening?
thousand. 2 And now the business news. The He was having dinner.
A No, I think it's much lower. I'd say £22,500. unemployment rate has risen slightly this 9 What was he doing at 10 o'clock?
B Hmm. Not so sure. Then we've got ... month. The national unemployment rate is He was relaxing and watching TV.
teachers. What do they earn? now 4.2%, and in our area, an estimated
A I reckon they get ... urn ... £32,000? 15,000 people are out of work. DB
B But it all depends how many years they've 3 'Thank you for calling the Royal Hotel. This A I didn't laugh at his joke.
worked and how many qualifications they've is Matt speaking. How can r help you?' B Why? Had you heard it before?
got. 'Oh, hi. Do yo u still have any rooms for 2 A Were you surprised by the ending of the
A Yeah, I know, but we're talking about the tonight?' book?
average. 'Yes, we do.' B No, because it's based on a true story.
B Don't teachers and police officers earn about 'G reat. I'd like a single room for one night, 3 A I went to the airport, but I couldn't get on
the same? please. Can I pay over the phone?' the plane.
A Do they' I'm not so sure. I'd say that police 'Yes, that's fine. That will be £70. Could I B Why? Had you left your passport at home?
officers get more. What have we got? £32,000 have your name please?' 4 A I was homesick the whole time r was living
... £36,000. 'Yes, Simon Dawson.' in France .
B I think 32 for the police officer and 36 for the 'Thanks.' B That's really sad! Had you never lived
teacher. 'Can I pay by visa?' abroad before?
A Urn, well, actually I'd say the other way 'Yes that's fine. What's yo ur card number 5 A The hotel where we stayed on holiday was
round. 36 for the police officer and 32 for please?' awful!
the teacher. My mother's a teacher, and she 'It's 4929 ... 7983 ... 0621 ... 8849.' B That's a pity. Hadn't you stayed there
doesn't earn anything like that! 'Let me read that back. 4929 ... 7983 ... 0621 before?
B What does that leave? We haven't decided ... 8849.' 6 A I met Hassan's parents for the first time
about the farmer or the nurse yet. 'That's right.' last Sunday.
A I think the nurse gets less than the farmer. 4 'Hey, I really like your shoes! Where d'yOll B Really? I thought you'd met them before.
She gets the least. buy them?' 7 A My grandfather had two sons from his first
B Why she? Nurses can be men, you know. 'At that new shop in town.' marriage.
A True. Sorry. Nurses - men and women - earn 'Oh yeah? Next to the post office.' B Really' I didn't know he'd been married
less than farmers. 'Yeah.' before.
B Men and women. 'How much were they, if you don 't mind me
A Absolutely. asking?' DO
'£39.99 in the sale. Everything's half price you An amazing thing happened!
lID Free time activities know, so they were reduced from £79.99.'
S = Sara, W = Wanda
John 'What a bargain!'
My favourite hobby is cooking, and that's a 5 'How did Jim get on in the athletics S Hi, Wanda. Did you have a good holiday?
thing you do at home, obviously. I cook most tournament?' W Oh, yeah, we had a great time. But I have
days, though not every day. We also like eating 'He did really well. He finished second in the to tell you - the most amazing thing
out, you see. What clothes and equipment do 1,500 metres.' happened.
I need? Uh, well, I always wear a chefs apron 'How many people were running?' S Really? What was that?
to protect my clothes, because you can make a 'Quite a few. At least fifteen participants W Well, Roy and I were at the beach near the
mess when you're cooking, and tomatoes and started the race.' hotel and we were swimming in the sea - it
spices change the colour of your clothes forever! 'Wow. What on achievement.' was our first day - and this huge wave came
The most important piece of equipment is along and knocked my sunglasses into the
knives. I'm very fussy about my knives. They're water. I ...
German, and very sharp, and I really look after Unit 3 S Why were you swimming in your sunglasses?
W Oh, I don 't know. I'd just left them on top of
them. Obviously in the kitchen you need all
sorts of things like pots and pans and casserole my head. I'd forgotten they were there.
dishes and chopping boards and food mixers, lID See p23 Anyway, they were gone. I couldn't find them
but I don't really have a lot of gadgets. I like to anywhere. I was really upset. You know Roy
keep things simple. What I like about cooking 011 had given me those sunglasses as a present
is the fact that it's creative and it's real. We have /tl Idl /rdl and they were really expensive.
to eat, and what we eat is really important, so stopped pulled decided S I remember - nearly £100.
I like to know that what I'm eating, and what looked answered pointed W Yeah. Anyway, I had to have sunglasses, so I
my family is eating, is good. I actually like all walked opened shouted bought a new pair - just a cheap pair this
the preparation. Going out shopping, seeing smiled time. The next day I was lying on the beach,
the food, feeling it, smelling it, talking to the sunbathing. Then, suddenly another huge
people who are selling it, is half the fun. People DB wave ...
often ask me what I like cooking, and I don't What was he doing at 7 o'clock yesterday S You didn't lose another pair of sunglasses?
really have an answer. Whatever looks good, morning? W No, no. You'll never believe this - there was
and whatever I feel like cooking that day. The He was packing his suitcase. another huge wave. It completely covered me.
best bit is of course seeing people enjoy my food, 2 What was he doing at 8 o'clock? r was so wet and .. .
but what's also very important to me is seeing He was driving to the airport. S Are you sure this was a good holiday?
everyone happy, and enjoying being at the table. 3 What was he doing at 10 o'clock? W Yeah - but listen! When I looked down, there
It's about the occasion as much as the food. He was flying to Muscat. on the sand, right next to me, were my
4 What was he doing at half past eleven? expensive sunglasses. The ones I had lost the
011 Seep21 He was having a meeting. day before! I couldn't believe my eyes!
5 What was he doing at half past one in the S You're joking l That is amazing!
lID Sel~p21 afternoon?
He was having lunch. lID Seep2S
om 6 What was he doing at 3 o'clock?
lID Words that sound the same
'When are you going away on holiday?' He was visiting Dot Com Enterprises.
'On the fifte enth.' 7 What was he doing at 6 o'clock? knew/ new read/red wore/war
'And when do you get back?' He was writing a report at the hotel. threw/through flewf'flu

122 Tapescripts 2.7-3.7

DO Seep25 M Fine. It's a bit like eating, isn't it - we all 3 You can go out with your friends.
enjoy fast food sometimes, you know, a 4 I always have to tell my mum and dad where
lID Classic novels burger, quick and easy. But sometimes you do I'm going.
want a more satisfying meal! 5 What time do you have to get back home?
V = Vicky, M = Mary, S= Sue, W = Wanda
6 You aren't allowed to buy whatever you
V Have you read anything good recently, Mary? IIIIlJ See p29 want.
I need to buy some novels for my holiday 7 Adults have to worry about paying the bills.
reading. 8 They can't always do what they want.
MEr,... well, I'm reading The Grapes of Wrath
again at the moment actually. I'm really
Unit 4 9 We aren't allowed to bring mobile phones to
class.
enjoying it. 10 I've got to go. I've got to do m y
V Ooh, the classics. Mmmm, I'd rather stick to lID Teenagers and parents homework.
modern novels. I can't ... I just find it hard to I = Interviewer, S = Sam, L = Liam
read the classics.
I Tell me, what are some good things about 1m
WWhy? 1 Where's my briefcase? I've got to go to work!
V Er, just reminds me of school too much really. being a teenager and not an adult?
S Urn". well, for one thing, you don't have to 2 Look at those dirty plates! We've got to do
I keep feeling I have to -er, write an essay the washing-up.
on it or something, you know, 'compare and go to work.
L Yeah. And you don't have to pay bills. 3 Noor and Latifa don't have any food in their
contrast the characters of blah, blah, blah.. .' house. They've got to go shopping.
W I know what you mean. But you've got to I OK ".
L And you can go out with your friends, and 4 John needs to get an alarm clock. He's got to
forget about having to write essays on them ... get up early tomorrow.
enjoy it ... just read them as novels, like any you can go shopping, and you can go to cafes,
and you can ... S I haven't got any clean socks. I've got to do
other. There's obviously something special the washing.
about the classics - they've stood the test of SOh, come on, Liam. Adults can do all that
too! But what's different is how much 6 The chefs ill, so the waiter's got to do the
time for a reason. cooking.
V Yeah, but I want to read about things that are freedom teenagers have.
L Don't have, you mean.
relevant to my life, about things ... about the
S Right. How much freedom we don't have. I
DB Seep32
world I know. I clon't like stuff that's been
written so long ago. I can 't see the relevance mean, I always have to tell my mum and dad
where I'm going and what time I'm coming
DB Seep33
of it.
home.
M Well, you can't say that about The Grapes of
L Mmm.
DO G=Grandma, A = Antony
Wrath. It's about people trying to cope with G You must look after your money.
economic and environmental disaster! Hang I And what time do you have to get back
home? A Yes, Grandma! I will.
on, it's in my bag, let me just find something G You mustn't talk to strangers.
I read in it this morning ... here we are, 'The S Mmm - by 10 o'clock on a week-day, maybe
11 or 12 at the weekend. A No, Grandma! I won't.
bank is something more than men , I tell you.
L It doesn't matter because you never have G You mustn't go out when it's dark.
It's the monster. Men made it, but they can't A No, Grandma! I won't.
control it. ' enough money anyway!
S Definitely. You get pocket money from your G You must make sure you eat well.
S Mmm, that does sound pretty relevant. I A Yes, Grandma! I will.
know what Vicky.'s saying though, it's .. . it's parents, but it's never enough. And you aren't
allowed to buy whatever you want. G You must have a bath regularly.
that feeling that you're reading something A Yes, Grandma! I will.
because it's 'good for you', not because it's OK, OK. Life's tough for kids, but what do
you think it's like being an adult? Liam? G You must phone us if you're in trouble.
just an exciting read, like a thriller. A Yes, Grandma! I will.
W But ... my favourite classic novel's The Count L Well, adults have to worry about paying the
bills and taking care of their family. They G You mustn't go anywhere that's dangerous.
of Monte Cristo. Now there's an exciting A No, Grandma! I won't.
story, as good as any modern thriller. And it's can't always do what they want when they
not as if the themes in that are old-fashioned, want.
I They have responsibilities, you mean?
1m A new job
they're timeless - revenge, corruption, social
L Yeah. I feel more sorry for my mum than my D = Dave, M = Manager
class ....
V OK, you're making me think again. Suggest a dad. She's always rushing around and she has D So, urn ... what time do I have to start?
couple more . to go to work as well. She doesn't have to M 11 .00 in the morning or 4.00 in the afternoon.
M To Kill a Mockingbird is my all -time favourite. work on Thursdays and Fridays, but she still D And do I have to wear a uniform?
It's so good at showing the stupidity of has loads of different things to do in a day, M Definitely. You have to wear the same uniform
racism. It's got lovely characters too. And like shopping and cooking, and taking me to as everyone else - a short-sleeved white shirt,
I think it's ... , it's great when you learn football practice. black trousers, and a red hat. And a name tag.
something about the past from a novel, but r So, do you think your dad has an easier life? D So ... what do I do exactly?
you also ... you can see that things weren't so L Well, I don't know. He has to drive over 500 M You serve the customers. Remember - you
different then, you know, that idea that 'we've miles a week. must always be polite. You say 'Good
been here before'. Sam, tell me about school. What are some of morning' or whatever the time of day, and
S I remember enjoying Great Expectations, the rules at your school? then 'Can I help you?' When they tell you
even when I read it at school. Maybe I should SOh! There are so many! Let's see. We can't what they want, you have to enter it into the
read it again. wear jeans. We aren't allowed to chew gum. computer, and when they're finished, you
W You should! I did that at university, and We aren't allowed to bring mobile phones to should read back what they've ordered. Then
I've read it a couple of times since. I really class ... you take their money, and you put together
like the themes in it, and it's ... it's all just as L There are mill ions of rules - all of them their food. That's it.
relevant today - ambition, ... how difficult stupid. o Great. When can I start?
it is to know who you really are when S And if you break one of the rules, you have to M You start at 4.00 tomorrow afternoon.
you move between social classes. And I stay after school! D Cool.
always remember the line.. .'You can't really L Well, speaking of school, I've got to go. I've M Here's your hat. And your name tag. You're all
understand a person until you consider things got to do my homework! set. Welcome to Burger Heaven, Dave.
from his point of view'.
V OK, maybe I'll take one of those. But I still DO 1m
think I might need something a bit lighter for I You don't have to go to work. The Italians eat a lot of pasta.
the beach. 2 You don't have to pay bills. The Chinese cook lots of noodles and rice.

Tapescripts 3.8-4.8 123

 The British invented football. something, I'll tell them to bring something for B I don't know. I might stop at Nick's. It
The Canadians often watch ice hockey on TV. the meal like something for dessert. depends on how much time I've got.
The Brazilians produce coffee. Ah, but what about the food? At a 'Churrasco', A Don't forget we're playing tennis with Dave
The Japanese eat raw fish. we cook different kinds of meat on long metal and Stuart this afternoon.
The Scots wear kilts on special occasions. skewers over an open flame. We have all kinds of B Don't worry. I won't forget. I'll be back before
meat: beef, lamb, and maybe Brazilian sausage. then.
1m Come round to my place! Then we cut off slices of meat from the skewers A OK.
Akio to serve the guests. It's really delicious. We
My name is Akio. I come from Nagano, Japan. usually have potato salad or rice as side dishes. IDI What's going to happen?
In my country, we usually invite guests home After the meal we drink coffee or espresso. 1 A Have you got the plane tickets?
at the weekend for dinner, at about 7 0' clock in B Yes. They're with the passports and
the evening. Before they come, we must tidy the IDIiJ traveller's cheques.
front garden and clean the entrance hall. Then A Could you bring us the bill, please? A What time is the taxi coming?
we must spray it all with water to show that we B Yes, sir. I'll bring it right away. B In about thirty minutes. What's the name
welcome our guests with cleanliness. The guests 2 A Would you give me your work number, of the hotel we're staying at?
usually bring a gift, and when they give you the please? A The Grand Hotel.
gift they say, 'I'm sorry this is such a small gift,' B Of course. Oh, shall I give you my mobile B Have you remembered your swimming
but in fact they have chosen it very carefully. number, too? costume this year?
When the meal is ready the hostess says, 'We 3 A Can I help you? A Oh, yes. It's packed. What about tennis
have nothing special for you today, but you are B Just looking, thanks. rackets?
welcome to come this way'. You can see that 4 A Two large coffees, please. B I put them in my case, with the fifteen
in Japan you should try to be modest and you B White or black? books.
should not show off too much. If you don't 5 A Can you tell me the code for Paris, A Right. Let's get these cases closed.
understand our culture, you may think this please? 2 A Well, darling, it's the big day tomorrow.
is very strange. When we have foreign guests, B One moment. I'll look it up. B I know. Tcan't wait. Thope the weather's
we try to serve traditional Japanese meals like 6 A I'll give you a lift if you like. good.
sushi, tempura, or sukiyaki, but when we have B That would be great! Could you drop me A Yes, it makes such a difference, doesn't it?
Japanese guests, we serve all kinds of food such off at the library? B They're going to deliver the flowers early in
as spaghetti. Chinese food, or steaks. 7 A Would you mind opening the window? the morning.
When guests leave, the host and hostess see B No problem. It's stuffy in here. A And the chef at the hotel is getting the
them out of the house and wait until their car 8 A Could I have extension 238, please? food ready for the reception.
turns the corner of the street; they wait until B That line's engaged. Would you like to B And then there's our honeymoon in Rome.
they can't see them any more. hold? A Ah!

Rob
My name is Rob and I'm from Bristol in
om'So, anyway, there I was, sitting in my boss's
3 A Have you packed the books and the
pictures from the living room?
England. We like to have people over for lunch office. All of a sudden, the phone rings and B Yes. And all the kitchen things are packed,
and they usually get here around noon. We often my boss says .. .' too.
have people over to eat, but sometimes when we 'Sorry to interrupt, darling, but I think the A That's it then. What time are the removal
invite a lot of people over, for a family gathering baby's crying. Could you go and check?' men coming?
for example, we have what's called a 'potluck 2 'Can I help you?' B Early, I hope. About 7.00 in the morning.
lunch'. 'Yes, I bought these shoes here two days ago, A Good. It's a long drive, and it's right in the
A potluck is an informal occasion, so people and the heel on this one is already broken. middle of the countryside.
dress casually. If the weather is nice we'll have it Can I change them for a new pair?' B I can't wait to be there.
outside in the garden. What makes it fun is that 'Of course. Let me see if we have another pair A And I can't wait to get the baby's room
everyone who comes has to bring a dish of food. in your size.' ready.
They're given a choice: starter, main course, 3 'Will you turn the TV down?' B Tom if it's a boy and Natalie if it's a girl.
salad or vegetable, or dessert. As the host, I'll 'What?' How exciting!
know how many of each kind of dish the guests 'Will you turn the TV down? Or better still ­
will bring, but not exactly what the foods will be. turn it off!' DB
That's why it's called 'potluck' - it's a surprise, 'Oh, all right.' I think Jerry will win the tennis match. He's
not knowing what you're going to feed your 4 'Hi, Bob. Where are you going?' been playing really well lately.
guests! All I have to do is make one dish myself 'I have a meeting with the web designer and 2 I think it'll be a nice day tomorrow. The
and get cups, glasses, and knives and forks the programmer about our new website this forecast is for warm and dry weather.
together, and supply the drinks. afternoon.' 3 I think I'll pass my exam on Friday. I've been
As the guests arrive, they put their dish on the 'Could you do me a favour? Would you mind studying for weeks.
table, and people help themselves. Some guests asking the programmer to call me? I have a 4 I think you'll like the book. It's a wonderful
might bring chocolates or flowers as a gift but I question for him about the budget.' story, and th e characters are excellent.
don't expect anything. It's a fun, relaxed way of 'Sure. No problem.' 5 I think we'll get to the airport in time. But
getting together with friends or family. we'd better get going.
6 I think you'll get the job. You have the right
Lucas
My name is lucas and I'm from Porto Alegre
Un it 5 qualifications and plenty of experience.

which is in the southern part of Brazil. We like to DB

invite our friends over at weekends, on a Friday 1m Ben's list I don't think Jerry will win the tennis match.
or a Saturday night for a 'Churrasco', or Brazilian B = Ben, A = Adam He hasn't practised for weeks.
barbecue. These are very popular in this part of 2 I don't think it'll be a nice day tomorrow. The
B I'm going shopping. Do we need anything?
Brazil. forecast said rainy and windy.
A I don't think so .... Oh, hang on. We haven't
People come about 8.00 in the evening and stay 3 I don't think I'll pass my exam on Friday. I
got any sugar.
to midnight or even later - sometimes until 2.00 haven't studied at all.
B It's OK. It's on my list. I'm going to buy some.
in the morning, whenever people start getting 4 I don't think you'll like the book. It's a bit
A What about bread?
sleepy. People stay a long time; there is no set boring.
B Good idea! I'll get a loaf.
time for dinner to end. We'll sit around and S I don't think we'll get to the airport in time.
A Er, what time will you be back?
talk. It's very informal. If people want to bring There's too much traffic.

124 Tapescripts 49-5.4

6 I don't think you'll get the job. They're D Further east, across the Alps, from should we do? Get a pizza? Go and watch
looking for someone with more experience. Switzerland into northern Italy, there are the some cricket? What would he like to do?
remains of another weather system. There will S I'll ask him tonight. I'm sure he'll want to go
lID Arranging to meet be stormy weather during the day with out and keep busy. He was pretty homesick at
P = Peter, J = Jeff thunder and lightning, bringing over two first.
inches of rain to some lowland areas and N How is he now?
P We need to meet over the next few days to
heavy snow to the mountains. Strong winds SOh, he's OK now. He called his parents a
talk about our project.
and rain will continue most of the day. The couple of times and felt much better after
J OK. What are you doing today' speaking to them.
P Well, this afternoon I've got a basketball winds will make it feel much cooler for the
time of year with temperatures struggling to N Great. Well, I can't wait to meet him.
match, but I'm not doing anything this
evening. What about you? reach ten degrees. And watch out for early
Mmm - I'm going shopping for a new video morning fog. lID
game this afternoon, and this evening I'm So that's it, a quick tour of Western Europe ­ Thai food? It's delicious. It can be spicy, but it
going ice-skating. What about tomorrow? not bad in central countries, warm and sunny doesn't have to be.
P Well, I'm having my hair cut tomorrow in Spain; cool, wet, and windy in parts of Italy, 2 Oh, she's very nice. You'd really like her. She's
afternoon. and Switzerland - oh, and stay away from those the kind of person you can always go to with a
What time will you be finished at the Scottish mountains unless you're wearing warm problem.
barber's? clothes. 3 Not very well. He still has a temperature and a
P About 4 o'clock. What are you doing around bad cough.
that time? IDJ 4 Well, she's crazy about horses. I don't think
J I don't know. I might be free. A Do you think it'll be a rough crossing? she has any other hobbies. Oh, she plays golf
P OK. Why don't we meet at the Internet Cafe B Well, the forecast is good, so it should be sometimes.
at about 5 0' clock? We can have a coffee and pretty smooth. 5 It's not very nice at all. It's raining, it's cold,
do our work. 2 A Excuse me, I think those seats facing the and it's pretty miserable. What about where
Sounds good to me. Are you going out in the front are ours. you are?
evening? B Oh, I'm sorry. We didn't know they were 6 Mmm ... a little like you, as a matter of fact.
P Yes, I'm going out for dinner with a couple of reserved. He's about the same height, tall with blond
friends. Do you want to join us? 3 A We're going to Market Street. Could you hair, but your hair's longer and straighter than
J That would be great! I'd love to. tell us when it's our stop? his. Other than that, you two are quite similar.
P OK. So we'll meet tomorrow at 5 o'clock at B Just sit near the front and I'll call it out. 7 It was great. Really relaxing. Lots of sunshine,
the Internet Cafe. 4 A Can you take us to the airport? good food. We did almost nothing but sit by
Good. See you then. B Of course. Hop in! the pool and read books for the whole two
5 A Can I take these bags on with me? weeks.
lID A weather forecast B I'm sorry. Only one item of hand luggage 8 I like all kinds, but I suppose I like
And here's the weather for some popular per passenger. biographies and detective stories best.
6 A That's all right. You can keep the change.
destinations in Western Europe for the next
twenty-four hours. B Thanks a lot. Do you want a hand with IDI A thank-you email
A Let's begin in the north. I'm afraid spring those bags' Hi Steven and family,
isn't here yet! Another major frontal system 7 A Excuse me, are we landing on time' I just wanted to say thank you for having me as
will move in from the Atlantic affecting B Yes. We're beginning our descent soon. your guest in your beautiful home. I had a great
Northern Ireland and Scotland, before S A No, no! He said turn left at the lights, not time. I really enjoyed meeting your friends. You
moving on to Scandinavia. It's going to bring right! all made me feel so welcome. You know how
plenty of rain, which could fall as snow on B Look! You drive and I'll give directions much I missed my family at tlrst, but you were
Scottish mountains. So it will feel very chilly from now on! Right?' so kind that I soon stopped feeling homesick. I
everywhere. Temperatures around tlve or six 9 A How do 1 get to Oxford Circus? can't tlnd the words to teli. you how grateful I
degrees at best in the rain but much lower B Take the Piccadilly Line, eastbound, and am. I'd like to call you. What's a good time to call?
in snowy areas, where they will stay around change at Green Park. You know that on my way home I stopped to
freezing all day, you'll be lucky to see two visit my aunt in Perth. It was so hot! It was over
35 degrees all the time but I absolutely loved it.
degrees.
B Moving south now, into England and Wales,
Unit 6 My aunt wanted me to stay longer, but I wanted
most of northern France, and across through to see my parents and my sister, Se-Won. But
Belgium and HoJland. Things look more l1:li A student visitor my aunt has invited me to go back and I'd love to
springlike here and it will be a lot brighter do that. I'm thinking of going next year.
S = Steven, N = Nick
than in recent weeks. Along Channel coasts Anyway, I'm looking forward to hearing from
N Has your exchange student arrived yet? you very soon. Let me know when you're
especially, there may be a little rain at tlrst,
S Yes, he arrived from Seoul on Monday. coming to Seoul. I could take you to my Tae
with temperatures reaching only eight
N What's his name? Kwan Do class. It's a bit like karate, but you use
degrees. Inland, however, there will be
S Ji-Hun. your legs to kick more!
more sunshine than showers, with all areas N Cool. That's not too difficult to pronounce!
becoming warmer and drier as the day goes All the best,
What's he like? Ji-Hun
on. Towards the end of the day temperatures
S He's really nice. I'm sure we'll get on well. We P.S. Here's a photo of my house. And one of my
could be as high as 15 degrees in these
seem to have a lot in common. Tae Kwan Do teacher - he's more friendly than
regions. The winds will be light, coming from
N How do you know that already' What does he he looks in the photo!
the south but it will feel very pleasant.
like doing?
C If you're lucky enough to be going to
southern France or Spain you'll tlnd the best
S Well, he likes photography, and so do 1. And lID
we both like running, but he's a bit more They promised to bring the DVD.
of today's weather. In the far south of Spain,
serious about it than me. He went out for a 2 The teacher told them to do their homework.
mainly clear skies, lots of sun with high
run last night. 3 I've just tlnished answering my emails.
temperatures for the time of year up to 24
NOh, I think I saw him. What does he look 4 Don't forget to take your passport.
degrees, and everywhere else 18 or 19 degrees
like? 5 He finally succeeded in passing his driving
with some cloud. But it's not all good news.
S He's quite tall and slim, and he's got short test.
Strong winds along the southern French coast
dark hair. 6 We asked him to move his car.
could spoil your evening walk.
N Yes, I think it was him. Well, why don't we do 7 I just need to go to the shops. I'll be back in
something with Ji-Hun this weekend? What a minute.

Tapescripts 5,5-6.4 125

 C Except the taxi drivers! Some of the rudest and you get 'Oh man, I'm just great. I got
8 I don't mind looking after your cat.
9 Just let me finish what I'm saying. people I've ever met are New York taxi the promotion and I love working here', in
10 Please can you help me carry this upstairs? drivers! Dallas, Denver, Detroit or Delaware etc.
11 I hate shopping for clothes. And some of the worst drivers. Every time I y' know. Ask an Englishman 'How are you?'
12 She's really looking forward to working with sit in a taxi I say a prayer. They drive so fast and you get 'Er - fine, thank you'.
us. and suddenly they change lanes. And worst of I So the stereotype's true?
all they don't seem to know where anything is. A Yeah, they're - they're pretty reserved. They
lID Scep50 C Yeah - you spend the entire journey giving don't like giving personal details, but they
directions. Anyway, I like using the subway. complain a lot about life generally. They seem
lID It's cheap. much less positive about life - much more
A You're such a good cook. This casserole is Yeah, and easy to use and it seems safe to me. cynical than Americans. They grumble about
absolutely delicious. We walk a lot as well. It's a lot safer now than transport and politicians and money, how
B Thank you. It's just a plain dish, no herbs it was ten years ago. It's still not very clean but much things cost, their work ...
and spices at all, but lots of fresh, home­ it's getting better. I So, we're a miserable lot then!
grown vegetables. Do you have a car? A Not really. Leisure time - sorry - free time - is
2 A Don't you like anchovies' No. No, we don't. Not many of our friends do, really important to the British. I think for
B I'm afraid I don't eat fish or meat. I'm actually. You don't really need one. many Americans, work is the most important
vegetarian. C I'd hate to drive in the city, I'd be terrified. thing in their lives. Americans work much
3 A What's Tom's brother like? Anyway, you can get everything delivered to longer hours. In Britain they get more
B Well, he's really nice but he doesn't talk your door - not just food. vacation time and time off ...
much. I think he's very shy. He's not Don't you go shopping? ... and still they grumble!
sociable and outgoing like Tom. Oh yeah, of course we do. Not all of us can A Yeah.
A I know. Tom's great fun, isn't he' Always afford to shop on 5th Avenue, you know, but I You've been in London 15 years. Has it
laughing and talking. it's - it's fun to look. changed in that time?
4 A George's wife is French, isn't she' C Actually, the shops - sorry, the stores - are A Oh yeah a lot - especially the shops, they stay
B Yes, she is. She's beautiful, very tall and great. Always open - well nearly always - til open much longer now. They used to close
sophisticated and she always wears really 9.00 or 10.00 at night. every Wednesday afternoon. People in the
expensive clothes. People work much later here. I wasn't States could never believe that. Oh and the
A Then it's a good job George is such a expecting to work such long hours! And the food!
wealthy man, isn't it? holidays - sorry, vacation time - and the - the I Everyone says English food is terrible. Is it'
5 A Did you have a good time in Paris? public holidays they're, they're much shorter. A Well, when I first came it was terrible. It
B We had a great time. It's one of my I only get ten days a year. It's difficult for was so hard to get good food. Nowadays
favourite capital cities. It's both modern people like us with families in other countries. it's not hard at all. London has some great
and historic. It's difficult to find time to visit them. restaurants - my favourite here is the Indian
A It is, but I don't think it's as cosmopolitan I But generally you're happy? food, it's fantastic. I think we have one of the
as London.
J Fantastic! best right here on our street. ) ust the best!
B Maybe not, but it's just as exciting. There's C It's an amazing place, but in a few years I You live in south London. Do you like it
so much to do. think I'll be exhausted and ready for a quieter there?
1m New York life! A Very much. I love the mix of cultures and
nationalities in every street.
I = Interviewer, J = Justin, C = Cinda 1m London I How long do you think you'll stay here?
I How long have you been here in New York' I = Interviewer, A = Alan A Oh, I don't know. Maybe five more years.
J Nearly three years. Alan, how long have you lived in London? Maybe forever!
I And are you enjoying it?
A Fifteen years.
J We love it. I And do you like it here?
C It's great.
A Sure I like it - but London is one of those Unit 7
I So what do you like best?
cities that you love and hate at the same time.
C Oh, the atmosphere, the mixture of all kinds of
people. The speed of everything - it's exciting.
I So first - what do you hate?
A Oh the usual big city things - the crowds, the
.oJ The job interview
I love the architecture, it's so different from D Who do you work for now, Nigel?
dirt, the traffic, and of course the
London. Walking the streets and looking up at N I work for Intertec Publishing. We publish
Underground - it's so expensive compared
all those skyscrapers. international business magazines.
with the subway in New York.
I And what about the people? D I see. And how long have you worked for
I And what do you like?
C Well, New Yorkers have a reputation for being them?
A Oh, a lot: London's fantastic. There are some
rude and unfriendly, but I don't think that's N I've worked there for nearly five years. No,
great parks and open spaces- great museums,
true. People are always in a hurry, but they're
too. I love the Science Museum and the
exactly five years.
not unfriendly. D And how long have you been in charge of
Natural History Museum.
What I love is the - the great mixture of Eastern Europe publications?
I And what's best for you?
nationalities and cultures. It's got to be the N For two years.
A For me? Oh, I just love standing on Waterloo
most cosmopolitan city in the world. D And what did you do before you were at
Bridge and looking down the river at the
More than London? Intertec?
Houses of Parliament and, of course there's
Hmm ... well, I think so, but they're both very N I worked for the BBC World Service.
the London Eye - I think it's just wonderful.
mixed.
And - I like travelling in the black cabs. Taxi
C Life here seems much faster than in London.
drivers here are great, so friendly! They tell
DB
Everyone's in such a rush. Everything's done D As you know, this job is based in Geneva.
you their life stories AND they know every
for speed. For example, I - I don't think Have you ever lived abroad before?
street in London - not like in New York.
people cook at home much - everyone seems N Oh yes. Yes, I have.
And what about the people? What do you
to eat out or get food delivered because it's D And when did you live abroad?
think of Londoners?
quicker and easier. N Well, in fact I was born in Argentina and I
A Ah well - generally speaking, I think that they
Have you made many friends here? lived there until I was eleven. Also, I lived in
do live up to their reputation - they are
I've made friends at work mostly. But it's - it's Berlin for one year when I was working for
reserved. It takes a while to get to know
difficult to make friends outside of work ­ the BBe.
people. They won't tell you about themselves.
people are so busy. But mostly I find people D That's interesting. Have you travelled a lot?
You say to an American 'How are you?'
pretty friendly. NOh, yes, yes, absolutely. I've travelled to most

126 Tapescripts 6.5-7.2

 countries in South America and many It's just a good excuse for a walk. I go to the Unit 8
countries in Europe. I've also been to Japan a golf club twice a week. I've made some good
friends there, you know. Have you met Ted
few times.
D Oh yes? And why did you go to Japan? and Marjorie? They're my age. They're a - oh, DB A place in the sun
N It was for Intertec. I went there to interview they're a lovely couple. D = David, J = Jack, A = Annie
some Japanese business leaders. PEr, no .. , I don't think I've met them, but D You're both mad. I think you'll regret it. You
didn't you go on holiday with them? were earning good money here. You won't
1m T Yes, that's right. We went to Wales together earn much growing lemons.
1 He was born in Argentina in 1969. last year. Oh, and we had a lovely time, lovely We know that, but we won't need a lot of
2 He went to school in Buenos Aires until he time. I do appreciate company since your money to live there.
was eleven. grandma died ... you know I really miss your D But what will you do if you can't find
3 He studied modern languages and journalism grandma. 35 years we were married, 35 years anywhere to live?
for three years at University College, London. and still as much in love as the day we met. A There are lots of cheap old farms. We'll have
4 He's worked for Intertec for the last five years. She was a wonderful lady, your grandma. no trouble finding somewhere.
5 He left the BBC five years ago. P Oh, I know that, Grandpa. We all miss her so D But you don't even like gardening. What will
6 He lived in Berlin while he was working for much. We all loved her so much . you do if you don't like farming either?
the BBC. T So I like to keep busy. I've been on all sorts of We'll only know if we don't like farming when
7 He's been married twice. special holidays, y'know. Package holidays for we try it.
8 He's visited Japan a few times. senior citizens, and I've done a bit of ... D Well, OK. But what if you ... ?
9 He hasn't heard if he got the job at P Well, I know you went to visit Uncle Keith in
Worldwatch Europe yet. Australia. And you've just come back from a DB D = David, J = Jack, A = Annie
cruise round the Caribbean. You're so brown. D I hope you'll keep in touch with friends here.
IDI It's in the news T I know. My word, that was an experience. I J Of course we will. As soon as we get an
'Here are today's news headlines ... Convicted loved every minute of it! And yes, of course, Internet connection, we'll have a Facebook
murderer Charles Watkins has escaped from Keith. I saw him two years ago. You've not page and email.
Belmarsh Prison in South London.... Two met your Australian cousins yet, have you? D And do you think you'll have room for
Spanish novelists have been awarded the Nobel Oh, you'd love the baby, Kylie, she's beautiful. friends to come and visit?
Prize for literature .... Hurricane Jeffrey has hit Looks just like your grandma. But you know, A Absolutely! I promise, you'll be our first guest
the Caribbean, causing widespread damage in I've also been to Spain, and Morocco, and when we've found somewhere to live.
Puerto Rico.... Two thousand workers from Turkey. These package holidays are so good D Great!
a UK car factory have been laid off due to a for people like me. J But I think you'll have to wait until we've
slowdown in the economy.... Desmond Lewis P Grandpa, next time, please think of me. Don't made it habitable! I'm sure we'll need to do
has been knocked out in the fifth round of his you want a companion? Can I come with you? a lot of work on the place before we invite
heavyweight championship fight in Las Vegas.' I'd love a suntan like yours! We never go friends.
anywhere interesting. DOh, I won't mind if it's a bit basic - who
lID T Oh, Philip, you know your mum and dad cares if it's hot and sunny! And if you find
The murderer Charles Watkins has been wouldn't let me. Not until you've finished your somewhere by August, I'll come and help
recaptured by police. exams. Helen says I'm a bad influence on you. you!
2 A Sunny Vacations cruise ship has sunk off P Well, I think you have more fun than I do! All A Hey! That's the right spirit!
the coast of Florida near Miami. I have to look forward to is exams and more
3 Maria Martin, the famous writer, has left £3 exams, and then years and years of work! DB D = Daniel, S = Sue
million to a local children's charity. T Oh, Philip. Don't wish your life away. Just D Bye, darling! Good luck with the interview!
4 A priceless antique vase has been stolen from enjoy it all. You only get one go at it! S Thanks. I'll need it. I hope the traffic won't be
a museum in Madrid. a problem. If I'm late for the interview, I'll be
5 Floods have killed at least 20 people and 200 011 furious with myself]
more have been left homeless in the West A Could I speak to Alison Short? D Just stay calm! Call me when you can.
Country. B I'm afraid she isn't at her desk at the S I will. I'll call you on my mobile as soon as I
6 A 15-year-old student has been given a place moment. Do you want to hold? get out of the interview.
to study mathematics at Oxford University. A No, don't worry. ]']] phone back later. D When will you know if you've got the job?
7 Company Director Paul Swan has been forced 2 A Can I have extension 2173, please? S They'll tell me in the next few days. If they
to resign because of a financial scandal. B The line's busy at the moment. Would you offer me the job, I'm going to accept it. You
8 The world champion runner Ken Quicksilver like to hold? know that, don't you?
has failed a drugs test at the Olympic Games A Yes, please. D Of course. But we'll worry about that later.
and is expected to be disqualified. Five seconds later. S OK. Are you going to work now?
B I'm putting you through now.
lID The busy life of a retired man A Thank you.
D Well, I'm going to take the children to school
before I go to work.
P = Philip, T = Thomas 3 A Hello. Could I speak to Sam Jackson, please? S Don't forget to pick them up as soon as you
P How long have you been retired now, Grandpa? B I'm afraid Mr Jackson's in a meeting. finish.
T Oh, let me see. Uh, it's four years. Yes, I've It won't be over until 3.00. Can I take a D Don't worry, I won't forget. You'd better get
been retired nearly four years now. I suppose message?
going. If you don't hurry, you'll miss the bus.
I'm used to it after all this time. But, you A Yes, please. Could you ask him to phone S OK. I'll see you this evening. Bye!
know, I worked for Courtauld's for over forty me? I think he's got my number, but I'll
years. Can you believe that? Forty years. give it to you again just in case. It's 1m Getting rich quick
P One job for forty years. Incredible! I 74321 9186. 1 What would I do if! had £5 million? Well, I'd
remember when you retired and they gave 4 A Can I speak to Terence Cameron, please? make sure my family had enough money, and
you that gold watch. Do you like being B Speaking. my friends, and then I'd buy my own island in
retired? I'd get bored, I'm sure I would. Don't A Ah, Mr Cameron! This is Holly Lucas. I'm the Caribbean. And I'd give loads of money to
you get bored? phoning about a letter I got this morning. charity.
T Well, I'm lucky. I've got my health so I can do 5 A Hello. This is Incom International.
2 Oh, that's easy! I'd give up my job and travel.
a lot. I can get out a lot. I've just taken up There's no one here to take your call at the
Anywhere. Everywhere. Oh but it wouldn't
golf, you know. It's a wonderful sport for an moment. Please leave a message and we'll
change me. ]' d still live in the same area
old man like me 'cos it's not really a sport at get back to you as soon as we can.
because I like it so much.
all, at least not the way your Grandpa plays it! 3 What would I do? I'd buy a nice house in the

Tapescripts 7.3-8.4 127

 A No, look again. There's only two, pink and
country. I'd make it the best place I could. 2WWF
green. When the pink's next to the green it
And I'd have lots ofland so I could have WWF is the world's largest and most effective
looks red.
peace and quiet! conservation organization. It is dedicated to
B Really? I don't think so. They can't be the
4 I'd be a space tourist and fly to Mars on the protecting wild animals around the world and
same colour. Well, -er, maybe. What about
space shuttle. the places where these animals live. WWF directs
this one. That must be a vase, a white vase.
5 I wouldn't give away a penny. I'd spend it all its conservation efforts towards three global
That's obvious - I can't see what the trick's
on myseJr. goals. Firstly, it works to save endangered species
like the black rhino or the giant panda. Secondly, supposed to be.
lID it works to establish and manage national parks
A Well you're just looking at the white. Look at
the black. What can you see then?
rfTony calls, tell him I'm at Alex's. He can and wildlife reserves around the world. Thirdly,
reach me there. it works to address global threats to our B I can't see anything. I can only see the white
2 If you've finished your work, you can take a environment, such as pollution and climate vase.
break. Just be back in fifteen minutes. A Really! Can't you see the two faces? They're
change.
3 If I'm not back by S o'clock, don't wait for very close to each other. I think they might be
me. Go without me and I'll meet you at the 3 Save the Children having an argument!
restaurant. Save the Children helps children by supporting B No, I'm stuck with the white vase!
4 If you have the t1u, you should go to bed. programs that involve community members A That's strange. I bet you'll see them when you
Keep warm and drink plenty of fluids. in improving their day-to-day lives, such as look later. Can you see a face in one of the
5 If you're ever in London, please let me know. maternal and child health care services, education other pictures?
I'd love to show you around. for all children, and income-earning BYes, that looks like someone wearing glasses.
6 If you go to Russia, you have to have a visa. opportunities for women. Save the Children also A And I can see the word 'liar'.
You can get one at the embassy. uses its global experience and research to help B Really? I'm not seeing that, either.
7 I'd buy a computer if I could afford it. It children and families during natural disasters A I like this one. It looks like stairs that go up
would be really useful for work. and times of war, as well as to advocate for forever.
S If I had more time, I might take up an government policy changes that will benefit all B Yes... or down.
evening class. I'd love to learn more about children, including future generations. A Mmmm. I hadn't thought of that. We do see
photography. things differently, don't we? OK. Try this.
~ Count the legs on that elephant.
-.a:A:III
lID M = Matt, A = Anthony
B One, two, three - er, it can't have five legs.
'I've finished my book.' That's a clever drawing. So is that one, it
'What was it called?' M I'm bored! could be a duck or a rabbit. It depends on
A Well, it's a nice day. Why don't we go for a how you look at it.
'A walk in the park.'
walk? A The square looks strange, don't you think?
'Was it good?'
'It was absolutely superb"
M No, I don't feel like it. I'm too tired. B Yeah, it looks wobbly, like a jelly.
A You need to get out. Let's go shopping! A Humh, but the lines are all straight and
2 'Is it true that Liz won the competition?'
M Oh, no! I'd rather do anything but that. parallel.
'Yes! She won a new car!'
A OK, shall we see what's on television? B No, they can't be.
'I bet she was really happy.'
M That's a good idea. A Well, they are. If you look line by line, you'll
'Happy? She was absolutely thrilled!'
A Do you want to watch the news? see.
3 'When r got home, I had to tell my parents
M Mmm, I'd rather watch the football. B I suppose. The dots must be creating the
that I'd failed the exam.'
'Oh, nol What did they say?' P = Paul, M=Mike illusion.
'My mum was cross, but my dad was really A And the last one. Which line's longer?
P I'm broke, and I don't get paid for two weeks. B Well, the one on the left must be longer.
furious.'
4 'We went out for dinner at that new What am I going to do? A Get your ruler and measure.
restaurant last night.' M If I were you, I'd get a better job. B Agh. They're the same size - of course. I
'Oh! What was the food like?' P Oh, why didn't I think of that? Thanks, Mike. should have known I
'Well, the main course was really tasty, and as That's a big help. A Interesting, isn't it, the tricks your eyes can
for the dessert, it was absolutely delicious!' M Well, you'd better get a loan from the bank, play?
5 'We had a wonderful time at the beach last then.
weekend.' P No, I can't. lowe them too much already. IIJI Fact or fiction?
'Oh, yeah? Was the weather hot?' M Why don't you ask your parents? They'd help 1 Lightning never strikes in the same place twice.
'It was absolutely gorgeous!' you out. This is completely untrue. Lightning often
6 'How long was your flight?' P No, I'd rather not. I'd rather work out my strikes in the same place over and over again
'14 hours.' problems for myself. - high trees, tall buildings, mountain tops. In
'14 hours! You must be really tired.'
M You ought to ask your boss for a pay-rise! fact the purpose oflightning conductors is to be
'You bet! I'm absolutely exhausted!' p Good idea, but I've tried that and it didn't struck time and time again.
work.
2 Hurricanes always have ladies' names.
lID Charity appeals M Oh, well, I suppose I could lend you some
This used to be true. From 1953 to 1979 only
1 Red Crescent money.
female names were used but now both men's
P Really? Oh, that would be great! Thanks,
The Red Crescent is an international Mike. You're a real mate. and women's names are used. One name for
organization whose aim is to protect human life each letter of the alphabet. The same lists are
M Yeah, well, OK then, but really, I don't think
and health. It helps people who are in trouble reused every six years. These are the first six
you should go out so much. That way, you
because of natural disasters such as floods and won't be broke all the time. names for 2012: Alberto, Beryl, Chris, Debby,
earthquakes. It provides temporary shelter, food, Ernesto, Florence.
P Yeah, yeah. I know. You 're right.
water, and medical help to disaster victims, 3 Women have a higher pain threshold than
searches for people who are missing, and men.
exchanges messages between members of
families who are separated. When a disaster is
Unit 9 Some research suggests the opposite, but most
people still believe this to be true because
over, the organization works to help countries women have to give birth. We will never know
recover and take steps to prevent the problem l1li Optical illusions how men would cope with this experience.
happening again. A How many colours can you see? 4 The sea is blue because it reflects the sky.
B Er, three, if you don't include white, - er This is true in a way. The white light from the
green, pink and red. sun is a mixture of all the colours of the rainbow

128 Tapescripts 8.5-9.2

but the air reflects blue light more than other A Yeah. Why don't we club together and get C You too, Andy. Bye now.
colours so we see a blue sky. Then, when the sky something from both of us, then we can A Bye.
is brilliant blue, the sea is also, because the water afford something really nice.
reflects the blue of the sky. B Good idea. Mum and Dad would love that. DB
5 A penny dropped from a skyscraper can kill 5 A Oooh, that was a penalty, no? .. A I can't find my homework.
B Definite penalty! He fouled him just lI1slde B You must have forgotten it.
a person. .
N at true. It might give you a cut or a brUIse but the box. 2 A Mark didn't come to school last week.
it's not likely to kill you. A The referee hasn't given it. .. he's gone B He must have been ill.
over to talk to the linesman. 3 A Why is Isabel late for class?
6 Hair and nails continue to grow after death.
B It was as clear as day, he has to give it. B She might have overslept.
Not true. This is an optical illusion. After .
A He's coming back, and ... he's pointing to 4 A r can't find my notebook.
death the body quickly dehydrates and the skll1
the spot! B You must have dropped it.
shrinks, which gives the illusion that both naIls
B Yeah! Come on United. Now's the chance 5 A The teacher's checking Maria's work.
and hair are still growing.
to finish the game om B She can't have finished already!
7 Birds are bird-brained and stupid. 6 A How did Bob get such good marks in that
Not true. Some birds are the cleverest animals 1m Seep72 test?
known to science. For example crows are B He must have cheated!
smarter than chimpanzees and some parrots lID A holiday with friends
don't just mimic but understand human speech. A = Andy, C = Carl IIIJ -mIl See pp74-75
S No two snowflakes are the same.
A Hi! Carl? It's Andy. How are you? Feeling
This could be true. No one has yet found two
better?
IDD Brothers and sisters
identical snowflakes but out of all the zillions Louisa
C Er, not really. I have to sit down most of
that fall it is likely that two may be the same. the time. It's too tiring - walking with these
9 Bats are blind.
I = Interviewer, L = Louisa
crutches.
Not true. Bats have excellent eyesight. People L I'm the youngest of seven children. My oldest
A Really? You still can't walk without a crutch,
think they must be blind because they have a sister is still alive, age ninety-three, and there
eh? So you're not back at work yet?
sound radar, which means they can hunt I~sects are sixteen years between us. There were four
C No. And I'm really bored. I don't go back to
at night. But it doesn't mean that they can t see. the hospital for another two weeks. girls, two boys, and then me ..
Seven children! Wow! How dId you all get on
A Two more weeks! That's when the plaster
lID comes off, is it?
together when you were children?
A I think I've lost my passport. C I hope so. I can't wait to have two legs again! L Amazingly well. Being the youngest, my two
B You must be very worried. brothers and I called our sisters 'the others',
Anyway, how are you both? Still missing the
2 A Your phone's ringing! because they were either married or working
snow and the mountains?
B It might be Jane. by the time we were born. But the seven of us
A I'm fine. Julie's fine too. We're both back at
3 A Paul's taking his umbrella. all got along very well. But it's different now,
work.
B It must be raining. of course.
C Well at least I'm not back at work yet. By the
4 A Harry and Sally never go on holiday. way, 'have you put your photos onto a CD yet? r Really? How?
B They can't have much money. A No, we haven't, but I've downloaded them all L Well, when we were small, my older sisters
5 A Hannah's not in class. onto my computer. They're good. I didn't often took care of us. Now my brothers and I
B She could be in the coffee bar. realize we'd taken so many. I'll email the best are busy taking care of them.
6 A Look! Three fire engines! Tell me about your big sister Julia. How has
ones to you.
B There must be a fire somewhere. your relationship with her changed over the
C Please do. I'd love that. What about that one
7 A I haven't seen Tom for weeks. of the amazing sunset behind the hotel? years?
B He can't be working here any more. L Julia was the sister who used to ... on her
A Yes, the sunset. It's a good one. All of us
S A Whose jacket is this? together on Bob and Marcia's balcony, holidays ... used to take me for walks and so
B It might be John's. with the mountains and the snow 111 the on. But then she went to Africa for twenty­
9 A You got top marks in the test! background. It's beautiful. Brings back three years. We wrote to one another and I
B You must be joking! memories, doesn't it? was still her little sister. When she came
back, it was shortly after my husband
IDI What are they talking about? C Yeah. The memory of me skiing into a tree!
A Yes, I know. I'm sorry. But at least it
died. We became very close and our whole
A A glass of orange juice and a mineral happened at the end; it could have been the relationship changed and we became great
water, please. first day. You only missed the last two days. friends.
B Still or sparkling? C OK, OK. Oh, Andy, have you written to the What do you see as the main advantage and
A Sparkling, please. hotel yet to complain about your room? That disadvantage of coming from such a large
B Do you want ice and lemon with that? view you had over the car park was awful! family?
A Just ice, thanks. How much is that? A Yeah, and it was noisy too! We didn 't have any L Hmm. I think the main advantage was that
2 A I can't believe it. My screen's frozen again. views of the mountains. Yeah, we've written. we learned how to enjoy life without having a
B Unplug it and take the battery out. Then We em ailed the manager yesterday, but I don't lot of money. I think our other relatives, my
start it up again. That sometimes works for know if we'll get any money back. rich cousins in the city, envied us. We had old
me. C And Marcia's suitcase, did she find it? bikes, old clothes, but we had lots of freedom.
A OK. Here goes. A Yeah. The airline found it and put it on the In the city, they had to wear nice suits and
3 A So how did it go? next flight. Marcia was very relieved. behave correctly.
B Not too bad, thanks. C I bet she was! All in all I suppose it was a I Disadvantages?
A Were you very nervous? pretty good two weeks, wasn't it? L I think it was very difficult sometimes to have
B Yeah, but I tried not to show it. A Absolutely. It was a great holiday. Some ups hand-me -down clothes, especially for a little
A Oh. When will you hear? and downs, but we all got on well together girl like me. And I was sad that we didn't go
B In a couple of days. They said they'd and had fun. Shall we go again next year? away on holiday like some other children. But
phone me at the end of the week and let C I'd like to. All six of us again. Lisa wants to the advantages outweighed the disadvantages
me know if I'd got it. go again, too. It was her first time skiing and enormously, there's no doubt about that.
4 A Have you any idea what to get them? she loved it, but she says she'll only come if I Six out of the seven of you are still alive. How
B Not really, but it should be something don't break a leg! closely have you kept in touch over the years?
special. A Great! It's a date. Next time go round the L Very closely. Of course we still phone
A Yeah, 25 years is a long time. trees! I'll call you again soon, Carl. Take care! each other all the time and see each other
B It would be nice to get something silver.

Tapescripts 9.3-9.12 129

 whenever we can. And we have a big family Unit 10 3 I Where were you the day before yesterday'
E In Birmingham.
reunion every year. My granddaughter's
4 I Where were you this time last week'
just had twins. That means we'll have four
generations there this year. How marvellous!
IIIlD See p78 E In London.
5 I Where will you be the day after tomorrow?
Rose IIIlD E I'll be in Edinburgh.
'What has he finally passed?' 6 I Where will you be a week today'
I = Interviewer, R = Rose 'The theory part of his driving test.' E Back in Paris.
So, Rose, do you have any brothers or sisters? 2 'How long has he been practising for the test?'
R No, I don't. I'm an only child.
I So what was it like growing up as an only
'For the past five years.' ImI Things I'm passionate about.
3 'How often has he been taking it?' Julia
child? Were you happy' 'Twice a month.'
R When I was little, I liked it. I had lots of
I'm really passionate about playing tennis. I've
4 'How many times has he taken it" been playing nearly 20 years. I was about ...
cousins and most of them lived in the same '272 times.'
town, so we all played together all the time. 7 or 8 when I started having lessons, and I
5 'What have the officials at the test centre had a fantastic teacher. I think that's why I
And I had a best friend who lived next door given him?'
to me. She was the same age as me and so she still love it - she was passionate about the
'A key chain.' sport and that influenced me. I've played in .
was a bit like a sister I suppose. But she 6 'Why hasn't he been celebrating too much?'
moved away and that was sad. It was hard competitions, mainly when I was at school, I still
'Because he still needs to pass the practical do sometimes. I enjoy it, I think, because it's a
when I was a teenager. test.'
Why was that? very psychological game. I mean, if you're playing
7 'What has he been discussing with his wife?' badly you have to push yourself to continue,
R Well, you know what it's like being a teenager. 'Which car they should buy.'
You're kind of unsure of how to deal with it's a challenge not to give up. It's also a very
things and how to deal with people, especially IIIlIJ See p79 sociable sport - I've made lots of friends playing
doubles, and, it's a game that doesn't have to be
parents. It would have been nice to have a
brother or sister to talk to. mil expensive - anyone can play - all you need is a
tennis racket. You don't need expensive clothing
Some people who come from large families A You're covered in paint! What have you
might envy you because you had all of your been doing? or equipment, like you do for skiing, and it's a
parents' attention. B I've been redecorating the bathroom. fantastic way to keep fit all year round - there's
RYes. But I think it has its negative side as well A Have you finished yet' only about 3 months that YOli can't play. When I
as its positive side. I think you don't want all B Well, I've painted the door and the lived in Australia I played every week of the year.
your parents' attention, especially as a ceiling, but I haven't put up the wallpaper I adored that, it was brilliant.
teenager. It was hard to find myself and my yet. Paul
place in the world, I suppose. 2 A Your hands are dirty. What have you been My passion at the moment is horseriding - it's
What about now that you're an adult? doing? strange to hear myself say that'cos I've only been
R Again, I think it's difficult really. My father B They're filthy. I've been working in the doing it about a year and I never imagined I'd be
died about ten years ago, so of course I'm the garden. so keen on it. It all happened because I was talking
one who's left totally responsible for my A Have you finished yet? to someone who rode horses and I said that stupid
mother. I'm the one who has to look after her B Well, I've cut the grass, but I haven't thing people often say 'Oh, I've always wanted to
if she has a problem and help her if she needs watered the flowers yet. do that' and she said, 'Why don't YOli then?'. And
help in any way. There's nobody else to help at 3 A Your eyes are red! What have you been I thought, 'Why not?'. I've always liked horses,
all. doing? they're so big and powerful but so beautiful when
You're married now with two children of your B I'm exhausted. I've been revising for my you see them racing round a field or on a track. It
own. Was that a conscious decision to have exams. amazes me that they let people ride on their backs.
more than one child? A Have you finished them yet? Riding is very physically demanding because your
RYes, definitely. And they seem very happy B Well, I've done my chemistry and history, body has to be in harmony ... er, it has to move
and they get along very well with one another. but I haven't done English yet. with the horse, but it keeps you fit. Of course, I
Usually. have fallen off a few times, but it seems that the
1m) more you fall, the less it hurts. Also, you have to
IDD S = Sue, A-J = Sue's friends 'When was he born?' try and understand your horse. They have moods,
1 A I want to travel the world. 'In 1960.' you never quite know what a ride is going to be
S So do I. 2 When was he given the award of Swedish like - a horse you had a fantastic ride on one week
2 B I don't want to have lots of children. Young Photographer of the Year? can be slow and miserable the next week. I really
S Neither do l. 'In 1975, when he was 15 years old.' like that about horses - they have personalities.
3 C I can speak four languages. 3 'When did he go to the London School of
S I can't. Andrew
Photography?' I'm passionate about poetry - I studied English
4 D I can't ski. 'In 1978. He won a scholarship.'
S Neither can l. Literature at university but it wasn't until after
4 'What year was his daughter born?' I graduated that I really got into poetry and I
5 E I'm not going to get married until I'm 35. 'In 1983.'
S Neither am I. started writing some myself. And I met some
5 'Which countries has he lived in?' other people who wrote poetry and I heard them
6 F I went to London last year. 'Sweden, England, the US, and France.'
S So did I. read it aloud and that was amazing. I felt the
6 'When did he start photographing animals?' power of the words - the thing I like so much
7 G I've never been to Australia. 'When he was 29.'
S I have. about it is that you can say so much with just
7 'How many children has he got?' a few words. So, little means a lot. Each word,
8 H I don't like dentists. 'One daughter.'
S Neither do I. each noun, adjective, preposition has to work
8 'How long has he lived in Paris?' hard. Poetry's all about saying what often goes
9 I I'm bored with celebrities. 'Since 1998.'
S So am I. unsaid, and with passion. It can be sllch a help in
10 J I love shopping. III!D A lecture tour your life - if you feel tired or depressed, you can
always find a poem that will help - it can be short
S So do I. I = Interviewer, E = Erik or long, it doesn't matter.
1 I How long are you here in Britain for? James
E Just two weeks. The thing I'm passionate about, and this may
2 I How long have you been in Britain? surprise many people, is - erm, British weather. I
E Eight days.
know lots of people can't stand our weather - er

130 Tapescripts 9.13-10.7

they complain about it all the time but I love it.
You see, when I was a child my family lived in
mm A I've lost my job. The hotel's closing down.
IIID K=Kevin, A = Kevin's assistant
K Now, what's happening today? I've got a
California for five years and we had about 365 B You're kidding! What a pity! Still, I'm sure meeting this afternoon, haven't I?
days of sunshine every year, it was so boring. you'll soon find another job. A Yes, that's right. With Henry and Tom.
I was ten when we came back to England and 2 A Will spaghetti bolognese be OK for K And the meeting's here, isn't it?
I just loved all the changes in the weather. dinner? A No, it isn't. It's in Tom's office, at 3 o'clock.
Here, you really appreciate the sunshine and B Of course. That's great! It's one of my K Oh! I'm not having lunch with anyone, am I?
you notice the seasons. For me one of nature's favourites. A No, you're free for lunch.
miracles is after a long, hot, sunny day there's 3 A There's a strike at the airport so my K Good! And I signed Mr Halabi's contract,
a thunderstorm or a downpour of rain and holiday's been cancelled. didn't I?
you go out in the garden and you can smell the B Oh dear. That's a shame. Will you get your A No, you didn 't actually. It's on your desk.
freshness in the air, the world has been washed money back? K OK. I'll do it now. Thanks a lot.
clean and bright. It's magic. And you know 4 A I failed my driving test again.
it's a myth that it rains all the time, it doesn't. B You didn't! That's too bad. Better luck DID
Anyway, it's the rain that gives us our green next time. It isn't very warm today, is it?
fields. You know that joke 'if you don't like 5 A I'll be Julia Benson M.A. soon! I got a first 2 You can cook, can't you?
English weather - wait ten minutes' - that's why for my dissertation! 3 You've got a DVD player, haven't you?
it's interesting. B Did you? Congratulations! When's the 4 Mary's very clever, isn't she?
Harry ceremony? 5 There are a lot of people here, aren't there?
Something I feel really passionately about is 6 A So you think I should save to buy a car, 6 The book wasn't very good, was it?
fox-hunting. My grandfather, father, and uncles not borrow the money? 7 I'm a silly person, aren't I?
have always been keen on hunting and I started B Definitely. You've already got too many 8 You aren't going out dressed like that, are you?
when I was about 6. We hunt up in the Welsh debts.
mountains, we go out from about 11 a.m. and 7 A My brother's invited me to go to Malaysia DID
we don't get back till after dark. And the thing with him next month. A It isn't very warm today, is it?
I love best about is that you are away from B Has he? How fantastic! When are you B No, it's freezing.
everything and everyone, up in the hills, and you leaving? 2 A You can cook, can't you?
work together. And if you're following a clever B Me? No! I can't even boil an egg.
fox you can see him working out how to lose 3 A You've got a DVD player, haven't you?
us - he knows the countryside so well, where Unit 11 B Believe it or not, I haven't. I've got a
the holes are, where to hide. Where we hunt in laptop, though.
Wales -erm ... it's a sheep farming area, so the 4 A Mary's very clever, isn't she?
farmers contact us if they have a problem with a DID A stranger in town B Yes. She's extremely bright.
fox. We only hunt on their land if we are asked. F = Frank, R = Hotel Receptionist S A There are a lot of people here, aren't there?
I don't hunt so much now because the laws have F Hi. I've just checked in and I wonder if you B I know! It's absolutely packed. I can't move!
changed. could help me. 6 A The book wasn't very good, was it?
B It was terrible! The worst I've read in ages.
IIIlD See p8S
R I'll be happy to try.
F Well, first, I'm not sure if we're near the CN 7 A I'm a silly person, aren't I?
Tower. B No, you're not. Everybody makes mistakes.
IIIlIJ R The CN Tower? It's very close. It's only about 8 A You aren't going out dressed like that, are
Pleasure a ten-minute walk. you?
That's great! F Oh, good. Can you tell me if there are any B Why? What's wrong with my clothes? I
Lovely! good restaurants nearby? thought I looked really cool.
Agreement R Lots. Erm, one good one is the Cafe Giovanni.
Definitely. It's casual but they have very good food. DID
Fair enough. F Sounds wonderful. Oh, and I need to cash A It's so beautiful, isn't it?
Fine. some traveller's cheques, but I don't know B What is?
Surprise what time the banks close. A The view. That's the CN Tower, isn't it?
You didn't! R Most banks don't close until 5.30 on B What?
You did what? weekdays, but some have extended hours. A The CN Tower.
Sympathy F Thank you very much. Oh ... I'm sorry but I B The CN Tower isn't that tall, is it?
That's a shame. can't remember which restaurant you A Oh yes, it is. It's the tallest building in
That's too bad. suggested. Toronto.
Bad luck. R The Cafe Giovanni.
F Cafe Giovanni. Got it. Thanks for your help. DID
mID R My pleasure. A
You broke that vase, didn't you?
A My grandfather hasn't been too well lately. Yes, I did. I dropped it. I'm sorry.
B
B Oh dear.
A He's 79. Don't you think at his age he should
DID A
You'll replace it, won't you?
K=Kevin, S = Sam B
Yes, of course I will. How much did it cost?
slow down a bit? A
£300.
B Absolutely. S Daddy?
K Yes, Sam?
B £300?! It wasn't that much, was it'
A But he won't listen to me. He says he wants to A Yes, it was.
enjoy his life to the full. S Suzie didn't go to school this morning, did
2 A Have you paid the electricity bill yet?
B Fair enough. she?
B No, you paid it, didn 't you?
A Last summer he went on a two -week cycling K No, Sam, it's the weekend, and there's no
school at weekends. A No, I haven't paid it. I thought you paid it.
holiday in France. B Me? But you always pay it, don't you?
B You're kidding! S I'm going to start school next year, aren't I?
K That's right. You'll be at the same school as A No, I don 't. I always pay the phone bill.
A We're going to have a big family meal for his B Oh, yes. Sorry.
80th. Suzie.
3 A We're going to be so late, aren't we'
B That's great. S But not at weekends. You like weekends,
BErm, I think so.
A But before that, I'm going to have a word with don 't you, Daddy?
K Yes, I certainly do. I can spend more time A Our table was booked for eight, wasn't it?
him and tell him to take things easy. B Well ...
B Good for you. with you!
A And it's five past now, isn't it?
S Can I have another biscuit, Daddy?

Tapescripts 10.8-11.7 131

 B Yes, but they'll hold it until 8.15, won't IIIII!J P = Presenter, A = Alan B Oh! You mean dental floss.
they? P Stories of forgetfulness like these are familiar A Yeah. That's it!
AYes, I hope so. to many of us, and experts say that such cases
4 A Helen didn't win the competition, did she? as Ellen's, Josh's, and Fiona's show the loss of
B Yes, she did. She won £2 million! memory is not just related to age, but can be Unit 12
A She isn't going to give it all away, is she? caused by our way of life. Alan Buchan is a
B As a matter of fact she is.
A Wow. Not many people would do that,
Professor of Psychology and he explains why.
A One of the problems, these days, is that many
IIID I read it in the papers ".
would they? Look, Mum! I've bought a car on eBay for
companies have far fewer employees. This
B Well, I certainly wouldn't. means that one person often does several £9,000!
5 A I think we're lost. Let's look at the map. A three-year-old boy used his mother's
jobs. Jobs that before were done by many
B Uh-oh. computer to buy a £9,000 car on the Internet
people are now done by a few. If you have
A What do you mean, 'Uh-oh'? You didn't auction site eBay.
five things to do at once, you become stressed
forget to bring the map, did you? Jack Neal's parents only discovered their son's
and forgetful. I think many people in work
B Sorry. situations, at a meeting or something, have successful bid when they received a message
A How are we going to get back to the the experience where they start a sentence and from the website.
campsite without a map? halfway through it, they can't remember what The message said they had bought a pink
B Well, we could ask a police officer, couldn't they're talking about, and they can't finish the Nissan Figaro.
we? sentence. Mrs Neal, 36, said that they couldn't
A There aren't many police officers on this P That's happened to me. understand it. She explained that she had been
mountain! A It's a terrible feeling - you think you're going on the net the day before, but she hadn't bought
insane. I remember one patient who came to anything.
IIID The forgetful generation
me so distressed because at three important 'Jack kept telling us that he was so happy, and
P = Presenter meetings in one week, she found herself that we would soon get a big surprise.'
saying, mid-sentence, 'I'm sorry, I can't Mrs Neal, from Sleaford, Lincolnshire,
P Hi, and welcome to What's your problem?
remember what I'm talking about.' This was a thought Jack was joking. He often used the
How's your day been so far? Have you done
patient in a new job, which involved a lot of computer, and she was pretty sure that he knew
all the things you planned? Kept all your
travelling. She also had a home and family to her password. Her husband, John, 37, phoned
appointments? If so, good for you l If not ­
take care of and she'd recently moved. She the seller of the car, and explained that there had
well, you' re not alone. Many of us in the busy
had so many things to think about that her been a mistake.
twenty-first century are finding it more and
brain couldn't cope. It shut down. 'Fortunately he saw the funny side and said
more difficult to remember everything. Once
P I can see the problem, but what's the solution? he would advertise the car again.'
upon a time we just blamed getting older for
How did you help that patient? Mr Neal has told Jack to be more careful, and
our absent-mindedness, but now experts are
blaming our modern lifestyle. They say that A Well, part of the solution is recognizing the he has asked his wife to change her password.
we have become 'the forgetful generation' and problem. Once we'd talked to this patient
that day after day we overload our memories. about her stressful lifestyle, she realized that
she wasn't going crazy and she felt more Mrs Neal said her son was very clever.
DID relaxed and was able to help herself. But do 2 She told me he usually played computer
Ellen you know one of the best ways to remember games.
things, even in these days of personal and 3 His father explained that he had bought the
Last year I finished university and I got a job computer for his work.
in the same town, Canterbury. And one day, handheld computers?
P What's that? 4 Mrs Neal decided that she wouldn't use eEay
for some reason, rather than go to work for 9
A It's a notebook, or just a piece of paper! At the anymore.
o'clock, I got the bus and went to the university
beginning of every day write yourself a list of 5 Jack said he didn't know how it had
for an 11 o'clock lecture. I was silting there,
things you have to do - and it gives you a happened.
in the lecture room, and I thought to myself,
really good feeling when you cross things off 6 He told reporters that he had always liked
'Why don't I know anybody?' Then suddenly I
the list as you do them! computers.
remembered that I'd finished university and that
P Well, there you have it! Thank you very much 7 His mother asked Jack to tidy his room.
I was two hours late for work!
Professor ... uh ... um ... ? Oh - Professor S His father told him to go and play football.
Josh
I'm studying law in London now, and, erm, at
Alan Buchan!
IIID Man throws away £20,000 in town
the end oflast term I packed my suitcase as usual DIm centre
and went to King's Cross station to catch the A What do you say we break for lunch? A mystery man started a riot in a busy town
train home. I was sitting reading on the train, B Great idea. We can grab a sandwich at the centre yesterday by hurling £20,000 in banknotes
revising for my exams, and the inspector came to snack bar. into the air.
check my ticket. He looked at it and said, 'Thank 2 A What are you up to? Traffic was stopped at 11.00 a.m. in
you, sir. We'll be in Newcastle in about an hour.' B Nothing much. Just sitting around Alexandra Road, Aberystwyth, mid-Wales, as
Suddenly I thought, 'Newcastle!?! I don't want to watching TV. money rained down from the sky.
go to Newcastle. My parents live in Plymouth!' A You're such a couch potato! Local shopkeeper Anthony Jones, 55, said 'I
You see, when I was a child I lived with my B Hey, give me a break! I work hard all week. couldn't understand it, so I asked my neighbour
parents in Newcastle, but we moved to Plymouth I like to relax at weekends. what was happening.' They saw people on their
when I was ten. I couldn't believe it. How could I 3 A Quick! Give me your homework so I can hands and knees grabbing money. 'No one knew
have been so stupid? copy it. where the money came from,' he said. 'They
B No way! Do your own homework! were just stuffing it in their pockets.'
Fiona Passer-by Eleanor Morris said, 'I wondered
4 A Did you mend the TV?
Some time ago I got dressed, ready to go to B Kind of. Channel 4's OK, but we still can't if there had been a road accident, because the
work. I put on my smart black suit. 1'd been get Sky TV. traffic was at a complete standstill.'
working at home the night before - preparing A Anything good on tonight? Flower seller Cadwyn Thomas saw the man,
for a very important meeting the next day, and I B Dunno. Look in the paper. who was wearing a red Welsh rugby shirt.
remembered to put all the right papers into my 5 A What do you call that stuff you use to 'I asked him why he was giving away all his
briefcase. I left home and walked down to the clean between your teeth? money, but he didn't answer. He just laughed.'
bus stop. Just before I got on the bus, I looked B What do you mean' Police asked Cadwyn if she knew the man.
down, and I was still wearing my fluffy, pink A You know! It's like string. White. 'I told them I'd never seen him before. He
bedroom slippers! certainly wasn't from around here.'

132 Tapescripts 11.8-12.3

 Dyfed- Powys Police later confirmed that a lIED She didn't say that could stop eating fish. I daren't go to restaurants
forty-year-old man from Aberystwyth had been Merinda is phoning Jenny because once I saw someone eating an oyster
questioned. 'He refused to tell us why he'd done and I had a paniC attack. I can only eat in burger
A Can I speak to Jenny, please?
it,' a spokesman said, 'so it's a complete mystery. B I'm afraid she isn't here at the moment. bars now. It makes life very difficult for the
He wanted to know if we were going to arrest Who's calling? whole family. I've started to see a psychologist
him, but giving away money isn't against the A This is Merinda, from work. Could you but I haven't succeeded in conquering my
law.' give her a message? phobia yet.
B Sure.
ImI A Can you ask her to ring me as soon as
Melissa
A I was coming home from work the other she's back? It's quite important. I'm 13 years old and I've been terrified of
night and I was stopped by the police. B I'll pass on your message. balloons since I was five. I was trying to
B Were you? Did they ask you lots of questions? blow one up and it popped in my face. I can
2 Peter is talking to his boss remember feeling the rubber on my skin - ugh
A They certainly did. They asked me where
A At the moment we can only offer you the it was awful. My friends don't understand,
I was going and where I'd been and they
job as Assistant Manager. I hope that's they enjoy chasing me around with blown up
wanted to know if I lived in the area.
acceptable. The salary is £20,000 a year. balloons because they think it's fun to see me
B Were you scared?
B That's fine. I'll take the job. cry. Last time, we were in the school playground,
A You bet!
A There's a possibility of promotion in the and I had a panic attack. At first they refused to
B What else did they ask?
next six months, if everything works out. believe me, even when I begged them to stop,
A Well, they wondered how old I was and they
B Great! but then they saw how bad it was - I was having
wanted to know if I'd been with friends.
B Huh! I'm glad I wasn't with you. 3 Caroline is talking to her son, Ben difficulty breathing and they got frightened. The
A Then they demanded to know if]'d been A Now Ben, you can play on the bike for worst thing is that I can't go to any events where
using my phone whilst driving. a bit, but then you must let Mike have a they are likely to have balloons. I can't imagine
B And had you? turn. OK? You have to learn to share your ever blowing one up. I can't even look at them
A No, of course not! They also asked me if I toys. on TV, I start to shake. My teacher has advised
could remember when I'd left home. B OK, Mum. me to see somebody about it, and I do want to,
B Do you know why they were asking all this? 4 Ross is leaving a message for James because it's making me lose all my confidence.
A No idea. They wouldn't tell me. This is a message for James. It's Ross here.
mII!) The psychologist's view
lIED But you said ... The match starts at 8.00, so I'll see you
outside the football stadium at about 7.30. Human beings are programmed to be afraid of
1 A Bill's coming round for dinner tonight. Hope that's OK. See you later. things that can hurt them. Show a baby a picture
B Really? I thought you said he wasn't feeling of a snake or a big, poisonous spider and the
5 Tom is talking to Sally
well. baby will show fear. It's in our DNA. We're
A I'll look at your computer for you, but
2 A Oh, no! I've spilt tomato ketchup on my all afraid of some things and that's good. But
I can't promise to mend it. I'm not an
white shirt! a phobia causes absolute terror, with physical
expert.
B I told you to be careful. I knew you'd do symptoms such as a racing heart, sickness and
B Will you charge me for it?
that. panic attacks. Phobias are usually the result of
A Don't be silly. Of course not. I'll do it for
3 A Did you get me a drink? a bad experience, for example a car crash can
nothing.
B Sorry. I didn't realize you were here. What cause a fear of driving, but it's often just fear

4
would you like?
A I'm getting married next June!
om of ordinary things like balloons or a particular
food. Some people are more likely to get phobias
B Are you? I didn't know you were engaged. Jodie than others, it's in their genes. They often
Congratulations! complain that their phobia is ruining their lives,
S A Oh, no! It's raining! I have a really unusual phobia. It began
so my job is to train them to conquer it. First
B Really? But the weather forecast said it was
when I was a little girl. I was staying with my
we just talk about it, and help the patient relax.
going to be a nice day. grandmother and she asked me if I would go
Then we might show just a picture or cartoon of
6 A You left the doors and windows of the flat upstairs and get her cardigan. I opened the
their phobia. After that we sometimes show it on
open this morning. cupboard and saw this big, dark green cardigan
TV and finally we ask them to touch the object.
B I'm sorry. I was pretty sure I'd closed
with huge, black buttons hanging there - I was
In this way phobias can normally be treated in
everything. terrified. I started screaming. My grandmother
just three or four sessions.
7 A Where did Tom go last night? rushed upstairs and finally managed to calm
B I've no idea where he went.
me down but from then on it was a problem, IIlID See plOI
it was the buttons - all buttons made me feel
DID The interview uncomfortable. It's difficult for me to buy
They wanted to know how old I was. clothes - I try to find skirts and trousers with
They asked me what I was doing at the moment. just belts and zips, but it's not easy. About a
They asked me how much I was earning. year ago a button came off a colleague's jacket
They asked where I'd worked before. at work and I had a panic attack. Until then I'd
They asked me if I liked working in a team. always denied that it was a real problem, but
They wanted to know when I could start! now I've decided to see a psychotherapist about
it. I know I'll still find it hard to admit that I'm
DIll scared of buttons - it just sounds so Silly.
She asked me to help her. Gavin
2 He reminded her to post the letter.
3 She promised to work hard for her exams. I'm not sure what first started my phobia, but
4 She invited me to her wedding. my dad used to go fishing and afterwards I
S She encouraged me to go travelling. didn't like watching him cleaning the fish in
6 He offered to give me a lift to the airport. the kitchen sink. Then when I was about seven
7 He persuaded me to apply for the job. I started feeling afraid when I saw him coming
S She explained that she'd been very busy. home with the fish. He had to stop catching
them. As I grew up the problem got worse and
worse. I couldn't go into supermarkets - the
sight of fish made me feel sick. When I started
going out with my wife I had to ask her if she

Tapescripts 12.4-12.11 133

 Gral11l11ar Reference
UN IT 1

Introduction to auxiliary verbs be

There are three classes of verbs in English. Be + verb + -ing is used to make continuous verb forms.
1 The auxiliary verbs do, be, and have Continuous verb forms describe activities in progress and
These are used to form tenses, and to show forms such as questions temporary activities.
and negatives. He's washing his hair. (Present Continuous)
2 Modal auxiliary verbs They were going to work. (Past Continuous)
Must, can, should, might, will, and would are examples of modal I've been learning English for two years. (Present Perfect
auxiliary verbs. They 'help' other verbs, but unlike do, be, and Continuous)
have, they have their own meanings. For example, must expresses I'd like to be walking along the beach right now. (Continuous
obligation and can expresses ability. (See Units 4, 5, 8, and 9.) infini ti ve)
3 Full verbs 2 Be + past participle is used to form the passive.
These are all the other verbs in the language, for example, play, run, Paper is made from wood. (Present Simple passive)
help, think, want, go, etc. My car was stolen yesterday. (Past Simple passive)
Do, be, and have can also be used as full verbs with their own The house has been redecorated. (Present Perfect passive)
meanings. This homework needs to be done tonight. (Passive infinitive)
do There is an introduction to the passive on p137.
I do my washing on Saturdays.
She does a lot of business in Eastern Europe. have
What do you do? = What's your job? (The first do is an auxiliary; Have + past participle is used to make perfect verb forms.
the second is a full verb.) He has worked in seven different countries. (Present Perfect)
be She was crying because she had had some bad news. (Past Perfect)
We are in class at the moment. I'd like to have met Napoleon. (Perfect infinitive)
They were at home yesterday. Perfect means 'before: so Present Perfect means 'before now.' (See
I want to be a teacher. Units 7 and 10.) Past Perfect means 'before a time in the past.' (See
have Unit 3.)
He has a lot ofproblems.
They have three children. 1.2 Negatives and auxiliary verbs
A note on have and have got To make a negative, add -n't to the auxiliary verb. If there is no
There are two forms of the verb have: have as a full verb with dol doesl auxiliary verb, use don 'tl doesn 'tl didn't.
did for questions, negatives, and short answers and have got where
have is an auxiliary. Positive Negative
He's working. He isn't working.
~ Workbook p8 More information on havelhave got I was thinking. I wasn't thinking.
I've read the book. I haven't read the book.
She works in a bank. She doesn't work in a bank.
1.1 Tenses and auxiliary verbs They like skiing. They don't like skiing.
When do, be, and have are used as auxiliary verbs, they make different He went on holiday. He didn't go on holiday.
verb forms.
It is possible to contract the auxiliaries be and have and use the
do uncontracted not.
In the Present Simple and the Past Simple there is no auxiliary verb, He's not playing today. (= He isn't playing today.)
so do, does, and did are used to make questions and negatives (except We're not going to Italy after all. (= We aren't going to Italy ... )
with be / have got). I've not read that book yet. (= I haven't read the book yet.)
Where do you work? But
She doesn't like her job. I'm not working. NOT I amn't working.
What did you buy?
We didn't buy anything.

134 Grammar Reference 11-1.2

 UNIT 2

1.3 Questions and auxiliary verbs 2.1 Present Simple

To make a question, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb. Form
If there is no auxiliary verb, use do/does/did.
Positive and negative Question
Question
She's wearing jeans. What is she wearing? I I
You aren't working. Why aren't you working? We work. we
don't work. do
You were born in Paris. Wh ere were you born? You you
Peter's been to China. Has Peter been to China? They Where they live?
W e have been studying. Have you been studying?
He he
I know you. Do [ know you? works.
She does she
He wants ice-cream. What does he want? doesn't work.
It I
it
They didn 't go out. Why didn't they go out?

2 There is usually no do/ do es/did in subject questions. Compare: Short answer

Who wants ice-cream? What flavour ice-cream do you want? Do you live in Bristol? Yes, we do.
What happened to your eye? What did you do to your eye? Does he have a car? No, he doesn't.
Who broke the window? How did you break the window?
Use
1.4 Short answers and auxiliary verbs The Present Simple is used to express:

Short answers are very common in spoken English. If you just say Yes an action that happens again and again (a habit).
or No , it can sound rude. We use short answers after Yes / No questions. I go to work by car.
To make a short answer, repeat the auxiliary verb. In the Present and She drinks ten cups of coffee a day.
Past Simple, use do/does/did. I wash my hair twice a week.
Short answer 2 a fact that is always true.
Are you coming with us? Yes, [ am. Ronalda comes from Brazil.
Have you had breakfast? No, [haven't. Some birds fly south in winter.
Kate likes walking. No, she doesn't. She hates it. My daughter has brown eyes.
Mary didn't phon e. Yes, she did. You were out. 3 a fact that is true for a long time (a state).
Don't forget to write. No, [won't.
He works in a bank.
I live in a flat near the centre of town.
I prefer coffee to tea.
Spelling of verb + -s
1 Most verbs add -s to the base form of the verb.
wants eats helps drives
2 Add -es to verbs that end in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, and - 0.
misses washes watches fixes goes
3 Verbs that end in a consonant + -y change the -y to -ies.
carries flies worries tries
But verbs that end in a vowel + -y only add -so
buys says plays enjoys

~ Workbook p14 Pronunciation of -s at the end of a word

Adverbs of frequency
1 We often use adverbs of frequency with the Present Simple.
0% 50% 100%
never rarely not often sometimes often usually always

2 They go before the main verb, but after the verb be. Compare:
I usually start school at 9.00. They're usually in a hurry in the
morning.
I don't often go to bed late. I'm not often late for school.
Sh e never eats meat. He's never late.
I rarely see Peter these days. We 're rarely at home at the
weekends.

Grammar Reference 1.3-2.1 135

 3 Sometimes and usually can also go at the beginning or the end. 3 Verbs of one syllable, with one vowel and one consonant,
Sometimes we play football. We play football sometimes. double the consonant.
Usually I go shopping with friends. I go shopping with friends stopping getting running planning jogging
usually. If the final consonant is -y or -w, it is not doubled.
Never, always, rarely, and seldom cannot move in this way. playing showing
NOT ~Ie¥erI go to the shopping m&!l.
Always I ha'/e tea in the morning. 2.3 State verbs
4 Every day, etc., goes at the end.
He phones me every night. There are certain groups of verbs that are usually only used in the
Present Simple. This is because their meanings are related to states
or conditions that are facts and not activities. This is a feature of the
2.2 Present Continuous use of the Present Simple. The groups of verbs are:
Form Verbs of thinking and opinions

Positive and negative believe think understand suppose expect

agree doubt know remember forget
m mean imagine realize deserve prefer
I ,
m not
, I believe you.
s Do you understand?
He/She/It eating.
isn't I know his face, but I forget his name.
re Verbs of emotions and feelings
W elY au/They
aren't
like love hate care hope wish want admit
Question I like black coffee.

EJ hat ~sm
are
____ ~
he/she/it
we/you/they
__ ~ __~_i
doing?
______ ~
Do you want to go out?
I don't care.
Verbs of having and being
belong own have possess contain cost seem appear
Short answer need depend on weigh come from resemble
Yes, I am. This book belongs to Jane.
Are you going by train?
No, I'm not. How much does it cost?
He has a lot of money.
Use Verbs of the senses
The Present Continuous is used to express: look hear taste smell feel
an activity that is happening now. The food smells good.
Don't turn the TV off. I'm watching it.
We often use can when the subject is a person.
You can't speak to Lisa. She's having a bath.
Can you smell something burning?
2 an activity or situation that is true now, but is not necessarily I can hear someone crying.
happening at the moment of speaking.
2 Some of these verbs can be used in the Present Continuous, but
Don't take that book. Jane's reading it.
with a change of meaning. In the continuous, the verb expresses an
I'm doing a French evening class this year.
activity, not a state. Compare:
3 a temporary activity. I think you 're right. We're thinking ofgoing to the library.
Peter is a student, but he's working as a waiter during the holidays. (opinion) (mental activity)
I'm living with my parents until I find a place of my own. He has a lot of money. She's having a bad day.
4 a planned future arrangement. (possession) (activity)
I'm having lunch with Glenda tomorrow. I see what you mean. Are you seeing Nigel tomorrow?
We're meeting at 1.00 outside the restaurant. (understand) (activity)
The soup tastes awful. I'm tasting the soup to see if it needs salt.
Spelling of verb + -ing (state) (activity)
1 Most verbs add -ing to the base form of the verb.
going wearing visiting eating
2 Verbs that end in one -e lose the -e.
having coming hoping writing
Verbs that end in -ee don't drop an -e.
agreeing seeing
o lie lying

136 Grammar Reference 2.2-2.3

 UNIT 3

Introduction to the passive Introduction to past tenses

The passive is dealt with in Units 2, 3, and 7. We use different past tenses to focus on different
moments and periods of time in the past.
Form Look at the diagram. Read the sentences.
to be + past participle When Andrea arrived at work at 9.00 a.m . ...
The tense of the verb to be changes to give different tenses in the passive. Compare:
The annual company dinner is being held next week. (Present Continuous passive)
8.30 9.30 10.00
All the employees are invited every year. (Present Simple passive)
Family members weren't invited last year, but this year they were. (Present Perfect
passive)
Most people would love to be invited to the dinner. (Passive infinitive)

Use Her secretary opened the post.

- - - - - - Her secretary was opening the post.
Passive sentences move the focus from the subject to the object of active sentences. - - - - - - Her secretary had opened the post.
Charles Dickens wrote Bleak House in 1852.
Bleak House, the classic novel, was written by Charles Dickens.
3.1 Past Simple
The passive is not just another way of expressing the same sentence in the active.
We choose the active or the passive depending on what we are more interested Form
in. In the first sentence, we are more interested in Charles Dickens; in the second
sentence, Bleak House has moved to the beginning of the sentence because we are The form of the Past Simple is the same for all
more interested in the novel. persons.
2 By and the agent are often omitted in passive sentences if the agent: Positive
- is not known. I
My apartment was robbed last night. He/She/It finished yesterday.
- is not important. We left at :3 o'clock.
This bridge was built in 1886. You arrived three weeks ago.
They
- is obvious.
I was fined £1 00 for speeding.
Negative
3 The passive is associated with an impersonal, formal style. It is often used in notices
and announcements. I
Customers are requested to refrain from eating or drinking. She finish yesterday.
didn't
It has been noticed that reference books have been removed from the library. They leave at 3 o'clock.
(etc. )
4 In informal language, we often use you, we, and they to refer to people in general or
to no person in particular. In this way, we can avoid using the passive.
Question
You can buy stamps in lots of shops, not just the post offices.
They're building a new department store in the city centre. you
We speak English in this shop. he finish the report?
When did
o Be careful! Many past participles are used as adjectives. they
(etc. )
get married?
I'm very interested in modern architecture.
We were extremely worried about you.
I'm exhausted! I've been working hard all day. Short answer
Yes, we did.
Did you enjoy the meal?
2.4 Present Simple and Present Continuous passive No, we didn't.

Form Use
Present Simple Passive am/is/are + past participle The Past Simple is used to express:
Present Continuous Passive ami is/ are being + past participle
1 a finished action in the past.
is We met in 2000.
It
is being I went to Manchester last week.
mended.
are John left two minutes ago.
They
are being 2 actions that follow each other in a story.
I
Mary walked into the room and stopped. She
Use listened carefully. She heard a noise coming from
The uses are the same in the passive as in the active. behind the curtain. She threw the curtain open, and
then she saw ...
My car is serviced every six months. (habit)
Computers are used in all areas of life and work. (fact that is always true)
Sorry about the mess. The house is being redecorated at the moment. (activity happening
now)

Grammar Reference 2.4-3.1 137

 3 a past situation or habit. The children were playing in the garden ...
When I was a child, we lived in a small house by the sea. Every day I .­
played on the beach with my brother.
This use is often expressed with used to.
We used to live in a small house". I used to walk for miles " .
Spelling of verb + -ed
1 Most verbs add -ed to the base form of the verb.
worked wanted helped washed
2 When the verb ends in -e, add -d. ... when their grandparents
liked used hated cared arrived.
3 If the verb has only one syllable, with one vowel + one consonant, The Past Continuous is used:
double the consonant before adding -ed.
stopped planned robbed to express activities in progress before, and probably after, a
particular time in the past.
But we write cooked, seated, and moaned because there are two vowels.
At 7 o'clock this morning 1 was having my breakfast.
4 The consonant is not doubled if it is -y or -w. I walked past your house last night. There was an awful lot of noise.
played showed What were you doing?
5 In most two-syllable verbs, the end consonant is doubled if the stress 2 for descriptions.
is on the second syllable. Jan looked beautiful. She was wearing a green cotton dress. Her eyes
pre'jerred ad'mitted were shining in the light of the candles that were burning nearby.
But we write 'entered and 'visited because the stress is on the first 3 to express an interrupted past activity.
syllable. When the phone rang, I was having a shower.
6 Verbs that end in a consonant + -y change the -y to -ied. While we were playing tennis, it started to rain.
carried hurried buried 4 to express an incomplete activity in the past in order to contrast
But we write enjoyed, because it ends in a vowel + -y. with the Past Simple that expresses a completed activity.
There are many common irregular verbs. I was reading a book during the flight. (I didn't finish it.)
I watched a DVD during the flight. (the whole DVD)
~ Irregular verbs p157 Note
The Past Simple is usually used to express a repeated past habit or
Past Simple and time expressions situation. But the Past Continuous can be used if the repeated habit
Look at the time expressions that are common with the Past Simple. becomes a longer setting for something. Compare:
last night. I studied English for ten years.
two days ago. 1 first met Harry while I was studying English.
yesterday morning.
I met him ~ Workbook p20 More information on while, during, and for
in 2001.
in summer.
when I was young. 3.3 Past Simple or Past Continuous?
Sometimes we can use the Past Simple or the Past Continuous. The
3.2 Past Continuous Past Simple focuses on past actions as simple facts. The Past
Continuous focuses on the duration of past situations and
Form activities. Compare:
Positive and negative Question A I didn't see you at the meeting last night.
B No. I stayed at home and watched football.
I I
A I didn't see you at the meeting last night.
He was she
was B No, 1 was watching football at home.
She wasn't he
It it 2 Questions in the Past Simple and Past Continuous refer to different
working. What doing?
time periods: the Past Continuous asks about activities before; the
We we Past Simple asks about what happened after.
were
You were you
weren't When his father died, Peter was studying medicine at medical
They they
school. He decided that it was better to go home to his mother and
postpone his studies.
Short answer What was Peter doing when his father died? He was studying.
Were you lookingfor me? Yes, 1 was.!No I wasn't. What did Peter do when his father died? He went home to
Were they waiting outside? Yes, they were.!No, they weren 't. his mother.
Use
We often use the Past Continuous in sentences with the Past Simple.
The Past Continuous refers to longer, background activities, while the
Past Simple refers to shorter, completed actions.

138 Grammar Reference 12-3.3

 UNIT 4

3.4 Past Perfect Introduction to modal verbs

Perfect means 'before,' so Past Perfect refers to an action in the past The modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, will, would, should,
that was completed before another action in the past. ought to. They are known as modal auxiliary verbs because they 'help'
another verb. (See also Units 1, 5, 8, and 9.)
Form I can swim.
The form of the Past Perfect is the same for all persons. Do you think I should go?
Positive and negative
Form
I
You 'd (had) seen him before. There is no -5 in the third person singular.
We hadn't finished work at 6 o'clock. She can sing. He must be tired. It might rain.
(etc. ) 2 There is no doldoesldon'tl doesn't in the question or negative.
What should I do? Can I help you? You mustn't steal!
Question He can't swim. I won't be a minute.
you 3 Modal auxiliary verbs are followed by the infinitive without to. The
she exception is ought to.
Where had been before?
they You must go. I'll help you. You ought to see a doctor.
(etc.)
4 They have no infinitives and no -ing forms. Other expressions are
used instead.
Short answer
I'd love to be able to play golf.
Yes, he had. I hate having to get up on cold, winter mornings.
Had he already left?
No, he hadn't. 5 They don't usually have past forms. Instead, we can use them with
perfect infinitives:
Use You should have told me that you can 't swim. You might have
drowned!
The Past Perfect is used to make clear that one action in the past
happened before another action in the past. or we use other expressions:
When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my I had to work hard in school.
apartment and had stolen my DVD player, 50 I called the police. Note
PAST-X .. X .. X-NOW Could is used with a past meaning to talk about a general ability.
I I I I could swim when I was six. (= general ability)
My DVD player was stolen Iarrived home Icalled the police
Action 1: Someone broke into my apartment and stole my To talk about ability on one specific occasion, we use was able to /
DVD player. managed to.
Action 2: I got home and called the police. The prisoner was able tol managed to escape by climbing on to the
I didn't want to go to Joe's house to watch TV because I'd seen the roof of the prison. NOT coHld escape
programme before.
PAST .. X .. X .. NOW
I I Use
Isaw the programme Joe saw the programme
Modal verbs express our attitudes, opinions, and judgements of
Action 1: I saw the programme. events. Compare:
Action 2: Joe saw the programme. 'Who's that knocking on the door?'
2 Notice the difference between the following sentences: 'It's John.' (This is a fact.)
When I got to the office, Peter went home. 'Who's that knocking on the door?'
(= First I arrived, then Peter left.) 'It couldlmayl might/must/should!can't/'ll be John.' (These all
When I got to the office, Peter had gone home. express our attitude or opinion.)
(= First Peter left, then I arrived.) 2 Each modal verb has at least two meanings. One use of all of them is
to express possibility or probability. (See Unit 9 p147.)
3.5 Past tenses in the passive I must post this letter! (= obligation)
You must be tired! (= deduction, probability)
Form Could you help me? (= request)
Past Simple Passive was/were + past participle We could go to Spain for our holiday. (= possibility)
Past Continuous Passive was/were being + past participle You may go home now. (= permission)
Past Perfect Passive had been + past participle 'Where's Anna?' 'I'm not sure. She may be at work.' (= possibility)

Use
The uses are the same in the passive as in the active.
The bridge was built in 1876. (finished action in the past)
The bomb was being defused when it exploded. (interrupted past activity)
The letter didn't arrive because it had been sent to myoid address. (one
action before another action in the past)

Grammar Reference 3.4-Unit 4 139

 Modal verbs of obligation and permission Use
Can is a modal verb.
4.1 have (got) to
Can and be allowed to express permission. Can is more informal and usually spoken.
Form You can borrow my bike, but you can't have the car. I need it.
Positive and negative They can't come in here with those muddy shoes!
You're allowed to get a driving licence when you're 17.
I/You/ have to Are we allowed to use a dictionary for this test?
We/They don't have to He isn't allowed to park here.
work hard.
has to
He/She
doesn't have to 4.2 should, ought to, and must
Question Form
I Should, ought to, and must are modal verbs.
Do you have to work hard?
should/shouldn't
(etc.) I/Y 0 u/W e/They
ought to / ought not to work hard.
He/She/ It
must
Use
Have to is not a modal verb. Use
Have to expresses strong obligation. It expresses a Should and ought to express mild obligation, suggestions, or advice. They express
general obligation based on a law or rule, or based on what, in the speaker's opinion, is the right or best thing to do. We often use
the authority of another person. It is impersonal. them with I think/don't think ....
Children have to go to school until they are 16. (a law) You're always asking me for money. I think you should spend less.
Mum says you have to clean your room before you go You shouldn't sit so close to the television! It's bad for your eyes.
out. (mother's order) You ought to be more careful with your money.
2 Have got to is common in British English but it is 2 Should I/she/we ... ? is possible. We often use Do you think ... ?
more informal than have to. Should I try to eat less?
I've got to go now. See you! Do you think I should see a doctor?
Don't go to bed late. We've got to get up early 3 Must, like have to, expresses strong obligation. Must expresses an obligation that
tomorrow. involves the speaker's opinion. It is personal.
'Go and tidy your room.' 'Have I got to?' 'Yes, you I must get my hair cut. (This is me talking to me.)
have!'
You must go and visit your grandmother. (A parent talking to a child.)
3 Have to expresses a general repeated obligation. 4 Must is also associated with a formal, written style.
I always have to tell my parents where I'm going. All visitors must show proper ID. (Sign in the lobby of an office building)
Have got to expresses an obligation on one particular Books must be returned on or before the due date. (Instructions in a library)
occasion.
I've got to get up early tomorrow to catch a train. have to and must, don't have to and mustn't
Have to and must are sometimes interchangeable.
can and be allowed to I must be home by midnight. I have to be home by midnight.
Form But have to is used more often than must. If you are unsure which to use, it is
probably safer to use have to.
Affirmative and negative 2 Must I ... ? is possible, but question forms with have to are more common.
can/can't Do I have to do what you say, or can I do what I want?
I/You/
We/They are allowed to 3 Have to has all forms; must does not.
aren't allowed to I had to work until midnight last night. (Past)
park here.
can/can't You'll have to study hard when you go to college. (Future)
He/She is allowed to She's a millionaire. She's never had to do any work. (Present Perfect)
isn't allowed to I hate having to get up on cold, winter mornings. (-ing form)
Ifyou were a nurse, you would have to wear a uniform. (Infinitive)
Question 4 Don't have to and mustn't are completely different.

Can I/you/we etc. Don't have to expresses absence of obligation - you can but it isn't necessary.
Some people iron their socks, but you don't have to. I think it's a waste of time.
Am I When you go into a shop, you don't have to buy anything. You can just look.
I Are you allowed to park here? Mustn't expresses negative obligation - it is very important not to do something.
Is he You mustn't steal other people's things. It's wrong.
You mustn't drive if you're tired. You could kill someone!

~ Workbook p28 Further practice of must and have to

140 Grammar Reference 4.1-4.2

 UNIT 5

4.3 Making requests: can, could, will, and would Introduction to future forms
There are many ways of making requests in English. There is no future tense in English as there is in many European
languages. However, English has several forms that can refer to the
Can future. Three of these are will, going to, and the Present Continuous.
Could help me, please?
you pass the salt, please? I'll see you later. (will)
Will
We're going to see a football match tonight. Do you want to come?
Would
(going to)
Would you mind helping me, please? I'm seeing the doctor tomorrow evening. (Present Continuous)
Can speak to you, please? The difference between them is not about near or distant future, or
Could ask you a question? about certainty. The speaker chooses a future form depending on how
the speaker sees the future event. Is it a plan, a decision, an intention,
Do you mind if I open the window? an offer, a prediction, or an arrangement? This is the important
Would you mind if I opened the window? question to ask when choosing a future form. There is more about this
Can, could, will, and would are all modal verbs. in Use below.
2 Could is a little more formal; can is a little more familiar. Could
I ... ? and Could you ... ? are very useful because they can be used 5.1 will/going to and the Present Continuous
in many different situations.
3 Here are some ways of responding to requests:
Form
A Excuse me! Could you help me? Positive and negative
B Sure.
I
Of course. '11
He
Well, I'm afraid I'm a little busy right now. won't
They help you.
A Would you mind if I opened the window?
I'm/I'm not watch TV tonight.
B No, not at all.
No, that's fine. She's/She isn't going to
Well, I'm a little cold, actually. We're/We aren't
I'm/I'm not
4.4 Making offers: will and shall/should He's/He isn't catching the 10 o'clock fl ight.
You'relYou aren't
Will and shall I should are used to express offers. They are both
modal verbs. Question
2 The contracted form of will is used to express an intention, will you
decision, or offer made at the moment of speaking.
are you going to I arrive?
What time
Come over after work. I'll cook dinner for you.
'It's Jane's graduation today.' Is it? I'll buy her some flowers.' are you meeting the manager?
Give him your suitcase. He'll carry it for you.
Don't worry about catching the bus. Dave'll give you a lift. Note
Give it back or we'll call the police! We avoid saying going to come or going to go .
In many languages, this idea is often expressed by a present tense, We're coming tomorrow.
but in English this is wrong. When are you going home?
I'll give you my number. NOT I gi'/e you my number.
I'll carry your suitcase. NOT I carry your suitcase. Use
Other uses of will are dealt with in Unit 5. Plans, decisions, and intentions (will and going to)
3 Shall I Should ... ? is used in questions with the first person, I and will
we. It expresses an offer, a suggestion, or a request for advice. Will is used as a modal auxiliary verb to express a decision, intention,
'Shall I carry your bag for you?' 'That's very kind. Thank you. ' or offer made at the moment of speaking. We saw this use in Unit 4.
'Shall we go out for a meal tonight?' 'Mmm . I'd love to.' (See 4.4.) Remember that you can't use the present tense for this use.
'What shall we do? We haven 't got any money. ' 'We could ask Dad.' I'll have the steak, please. NOT I have the steak.
We use should to make an informal suggestion. I'll see you tomorrow. Bye! NOT I see you tomorrow,
What should we have for dinner? Give me a call sometime. We'll go out for coffee.
What should we do tonight? 'Jeff, there's someone at the door!' 'OK, I'll get it.'

Grammar Reference 4.3-5.1 141

 UNIT 6

going to Introduction to like

Going to is used to express a future plan, decision, or intention made Like can be a verb or a preposition.
before the moment of speaking. Like as a verb can be followed by -ing or to, sometimes with a change in
When I grow up, I'm going to be a doctor. meaning.
Jane and Peter are going to get married next month. I like going out at the weekend. (general enjoyment)
We're going to paint this room blue. I like to sit in a hot bath and read. (habits and preferences)
Facts and predictions (will and going to) Like as a verb has a person as the subject:
will I like modern architecture.
The most common use of will is as an auxiliary verb to show future I don't like the way he looks at me.
time. It expresses a future fact or prediction. It is called the pure future Do you like fish?
or the Future Simple. Would you like a coffee?
We'll be away for two weeks. Like as a preposition has an object after it:
Those flowers won't grow under the tree. It's too dark. She's wearing a hat like mine.
Our friendship will last forever. He's nothing like his father.
You'll be sick if you eat all those sweets! That sounds like a plane.
Will for a prediction can be based more on an opinion than a fact. You're behaving like children.
I don't think Laura will do very well in her exam. She doesn't do
That new friend of his - what's he like?
any work.
1 am convinced that inflation will fall to three per cent next year. 6.1 What ... like?
going to What islarel wasl were ... like? is used to ask about the permanent
Going to can also express a prediction, especially when it is based on a nature of people and things. It asks for a description or an impression
present fact. There is evidence now that something is certain to or a comparison.
happen. What's the health service like in your country?
She's going to have a baby. (We can see she's pregnant.) What are the new students like?
Our team is going to win the match. (It's four-nil, and there are only
five minutes left to play.) o Be careful!
It isn't going to rain today. (Look at that beautiful blue sky.) With a description or an impression, we do not use like in the
Note answer.
Sometimes there is no difference between will and going to. What's London like? It's quite big, and it's very interesting.
NOT It's like quite big ...
will start What's Amanda like? She's tall, attractive, and very funny.
In September he his course at university.
is going to start NOT She's like tall .. .
2 With a comparison, we can use like in the answer. Here, like means
Arrangements (Present Continuous) similar to I the same as.
The Present Continuous can be used to express a future arrangement What's London like? It's like New York, but without the tall
between people. It usually refers to the near future. buildings. (= It's similar to ... J
We're going out with Jeremy tonight. What's Amanda's daughter like?
I'm having my hair cut tomorrow. She's just like Amanda.
What are we havingfor lunch? (= She's the same as ... J
Think of the things you might put in your diary to remind you of what
you are doing over the next few days and weeks. These are the kinds Workbook p39 Like and as
of events that are often expressed by the Present Continuous for the
future. The verbs express some kind of activity or movement. 6.2 How ... ?
I'm meeting Peter tonight.
How ... ? is used to ask about the present condition of something
The Taylors are coming for dinner.
that can change.
I'm seeing the doctor in the morning.
How 's work these days? It's better than last year.
Remember that you can't use the present tense for this use. How was the traffic this morning? It was worse than usual.
We're going out for a meal on Saturday evening.
To ask about the weather, we can use both questions.
NOT '/>Ie go out for a meal on Saturday e¥ening.
We're catching the 10 o'c/ock flight. How's the weather
where you are?
NOT We catch the 10 o'clock flight. What's the weather like
What are you doing this evening?
NOT \A,That do you de this evening? 2 How ... ? is also used to ask about people's health and happiness.
Compare:
Sometimes there is no difference between an agreed arrangement
(Present Continuous) and an intention (going to). How's Peter? He 's fine.
What's Peter like? He 's a nice guy. He's quite tall, has dark hair ...
We're going to get
married in the spring. 3 How ... ? is also used to ask about people's reactions and feelings.
We're getting
How 's your meal?
How's your new job?

142 Grammar Reference 6.1-6.2

 UNIT 7

6.3 How ... ? or What ... like? Introduction to the Present Perfect
Sometimes we can use What ... like? or How ... ?, but they aren't the The same form (have + past participle) exists in many European
same. What ... like? asks for an objective description. How ... ? asks for languages, but the uses in English are different. In English, the Present
personal feelings. Compare: Perfect is essentially a present tense, but it also expresses the effect of
How was the match? It was great! past actions and activities on the present.
What was the match like? It was very exciting. It ended 4-4!

6.4 Verb + -ing or infinitive G_~_T ~_P_RE_S.::E:=N_T_P~==ER=-F_EC_T P_R_~

__ ___

~ Verb patterns p158 Present Perfect means 'before now'. The Present Perfect does not
express when an action happened. If we say the exact time, we have to
use the Past Simple.
6.5 Relative clauses
In my life, I have travelled to all seven continents.
Relative clauses are used to tell us which person or thing we are I travelled around Africa in 1998.
talking about. They make it possible to give more information
about the person or thing being spoken about. 7.1 The Present Perfect
The boy has gone to the beach. (Which boy?)
The boy who lives next door has gone to the beach. Form
The book is very good. (Which book?) Positive and negative
The book that I bought yesterday is very good.
This is a photo of the hotel. (Which hotel?) I
,
This is a photo of the hotel where we stayed. We ve
You haven't
2 We use who to refer to people (and we can also use that). lived in Rome.
They
The book is about a girl who marries a millionaire. ,
We use that to refer to things (and we can also use which). He s
She hasn't
What was the name of the horse that won the race?
3 When who or that is the object of a relative clause, it can be left out. Question
The person you need to talk to is on holiday. I
The book I bought yesterday is very good. How long have we
But when who or that is the subject of a relative clause, it must be you known Peter?
included.
she
I like people who are kind and considerate. How long has
he
I want a computer that is easy to use.
4 Which can be used to refer to the whole previous sentence or idea. Short answer
I passed my driving test on my first attempt, which surprised Yes, I have.
everyone. Have you always lived in Budapest?
No, I haven't.
Jane can't come with us, which is a shame.
S We use whose to refer to someone's possessions. Use
That's the woman whose bag was lost.
That's the man whose son won the race. The Present Perfect expresses:
6 We can use where to refer to places. an action that began in the past and still continues (unfinished
The hotel where we stayed was right on the beach. past).
We went back to the place where we first met. We've lived in the same house for 25 years.
Peter's worked as a teacher since 2000.
How long have you known each other?
6.6 Participles They've been married for 20 years.
Participles after a noun define and identify in the same way as relative
Note
clauses.
Many languages express this idea with a present tense, but in
That person driving the red Porsche is my cousin.
English this is wrong.
The men seen outside were probably the thieves.
Peter has been a teacher for ten years. NOT Peter is a teacher for
ten years.
These time expressions are common with this use.
two years 1970
a month the end of the class
for a few minutes since August
half an hour 8 o'clock
ages New Year

We use for with a period of time and since with a pOint in time.

Grammar Reference 6.3-7.1 143

 2 an experience that happened at some time in one's life. The action 2 We can see that the Present Perfect refers to indefinite time and
is in the past and finished, but the effects of the action are still felt. the Past Simple refers to definite time by looking at the time
When the action happened is not important. expressions used with the different tenses.
I've been to the United States. (I still remember.) Present Perfect - indefinite Past Simple - definite
She's written poetry and children 's stories. (in her writing career) for a long time. yesterday.
Have you ever had an operation? (at any time in your life up since July. last week.
to now) I've done it
before. two days ago.
How many times has he been married? (in his life) recently. I did it at 8 o'clock.
The adverbs ever, never, and before are common with this use. I've already done it. in 1987.
Have you ever been to Australia? I haven't done it yet. when I was young.
I've never tried bungee jumping. for a long time.
I haven't tried sushi before.
Questions and answers about definite times are expressed in the
o Be careful with this morning/afternoon, etc.
Have you seen Amy this morning? (It's still morning.)
Past Simple. Did you see Amy this morning? (It's the afternoon or evening.)
When did you go to the United States?
Was her poetry published while she was alive?
I broke my leg once, but I didn't have to stay in the hospital. 7.3 Present Perfect Simple passive
He met his best friend when they were at school.
Form
3 a past action that has a present result. The action is usually in the
recen t past. has/have been T past participle
The taxi hasn't arrived yet. (We're still waiting for it.) It has been
What have you done to your lip? (It's bleeding.) sold.
They have been
We often announce news in the Present Perfect because the speaker
is emphasizing the event as a present fact.
Have you heard? Tomorrow's exam has been cancelled. Use
Susan's had her baby! The uses are the same in the passive as in the active.
I've ruined the meal.
Two million cars have been produced so far this year. (unfinished past)
Details about definite time will be in the Past Simple. Has she ever been made redundant? (past experience)
She resigned because she got a better job offer. 'Have you heard? Two hundred homes have been washed away by a tidal
She had a baby boy this morning. It was a difficult birth. wave!' (present importance)
I didn't watch it carefully enough.
The adverbs yet, already, and just are common with this use. 7.4 Phrasal verbs
I haven't done my homework yet. (Negative)
Has the taxi arrived yet? (Question) There are four types of phrasal verbs. Types 1, 2, and 3 can be literal or
I've already done my homework. idiomatic. Type 4 are nearly always idiomatic.
She's just had some good news. Type 1
o Be careful with been and gone. Verb T particle (no object)
He 's been to the United States. (experience - he isn't there now) a He put on his coat and went out.
She's gone to the United States. (present result - she's there now) b I didn 't put enough wood on the fire and it went out.
In a, the verb and particle are used literally. In b, they are used
~ Workbook p45 Further practice of been and gone idiomatically. Go out means stop burning.
Examples with literal meaning:
7.2 Present Perfect or Past Simple? Sit down.
She stood up and walked out.
The Present Perfect is for unfinished actions. The Past Simple is for
Please go away.
completed actions. Compare:
She walked right past the store without noticing it.
Present Perfect Past Simple Examples with idiomatic meaning:
I've lived in Texas for six years. I lived in Texas for six years.
The marriage didn 't work out. (= succeed)
(I still live there.) (Now I live somewhere else.)
Our plans fell through. (= fail)
I've written several books. Shakespeare wrote 30 books.
(I can still write some more.) (He can't write any more.) Type 2
Verb + particle + object (separable)
a I put up the picture.
b I put up my sister for the night.
In a, the verb and particle are used literally. In b, they are used
idiomatically. Put up means give someone food and a place to sleep,
usually for the night or a few days.
Type 2 phrasal verbs are separable. The object (noun or pronoun) can
come between the verb and the particle.
I put up the picture. I put up my sister.
I put the picture up. I put my sister up.

144 Grammar Reference 7.2-7.4

 UNIT 8

If the object is a pronoun, it always comes between the verb and the Introduction to conditionals
particle. There are many different ways of making sentences with if It is
I put it up. NOT I put up it.
important to understand the difference between sentences that express
I put her up. NOT I put up her.
real possibilities, and those that express unreal situations.
Examples with a literal meaning:
The waiter took away the plates. Real possibilities
Don't throw it away. If it rains, we'll stay home.
They're pulling that old building down. (if + Present Simple + will)
Examples with an idiomatic meaning: If you've finished your work, you can go home.
I put off the meeting. (= postpone) (if + Present Perfect + modal auxiliary verb)
Don't let me down. (= disappoint) If you're feeling ill, go home and get into bed.
(if + Present Continuous + imperative)
Type 3
Verb + particle + object (inseparable) Unreal situations
a She came across the room. You would understand me better if you came from my country.
b She came across an old friend while she was out shopping. (would + if + Past Simple)
In a, the verb and particle are used literally. In b, they are used If I were rich, I wouldn't have any problems.
idiomatically. Come across means find by accident. (if + were + would)
Type 3 phrasal verbs are inseparable. The object (noun or pronoun) If I stopped eating junk food, I could run faster.
always comes after the particle. (if + Past Simple + modal auxiliary verb)
NOT She came an old friend across. or She came her across. There are several patterns that you need to know to understand the
Examples with a literal meaning: variations. Note that a comma is usual when the if clause comes first.
I'm looking for Jane.
They ran across the park. 8.1 First conditional
We drove past them.
Examples with an idiomatic meaning: Form
I'll look after it for you. (= care for) if + Present Simple + will
She takes after her father. (= resemble in features, build, character, or
Positive
disposition)
He never got over the death of his wife. (= recover from) If I find your wallet, fillet you know.
We'll come and see you on Sunday if the weather's good.
Type 4
Negative
Verb + particle + particle
You won't pass the test if you don't study.
I get along very well with my boss.
If you lose your ticket, you won't be able to go.
I'm lookingforward to it.
How can you put up with that noise? Question
Type 4 phrasal verbs are nearly always idiomatic. The object cannot What will you do if you don't find a job?
change position. It cannot come before the particles or between the If there isn't a hotel, where will you stay?
particles. Note that we do not usually use will in the if" clause.
NOT I'm looking forward it to. NOT If you 'NilIlea-ve now, you'll catch the train.
If I'll go out tonight, I'll give you a call.
If can be replaced by unless (= if ... not) or in case (= because of the
possibility ... ).
Unless I hear from you, I'll come at S.Oo.
I'll take my umbrella in case it rains.

Use
First conditional sentences express a possible condition and its
probable result in the future .
Condition (if clause) Result (result clause)
If I find a sweater in your size, I'll buy it for you.
If you can't do the homework, give me a call.
If you can find my purse, I might buy you an ice-cream.
If you've never been to Wales, you should try to go there one day.
2 We can use the first conditional to express different functions (all of
which express a possible condition and a probable result).
If you don't stop the noise, I'll phone the police! (a threat)
Careful! If you touch that, you'll burn yourself! (a warning)
I'll post the letter ifyou like. (an offer)
If you lend me £100, I'll pay you back tomorrow. (a promise)

Grammar Reference 8.1 145

 8.2 Time clauses 8.5 First or second conditional?
Conjunctions of time (when, as soon as, before, until, after) are not Both conditionals refer to the present and future. The difference is
usually followed by will. We use a present tense even though the time about probability, not time. It is usually clear which conditional to
reference is future. use. First conditional sentences are real and possible; second
I'll call you when I get home. conditional sentences express situations that will probably never
As soon as dinner is ready, I'll give you a call. happen.
Can I have a word with you before I go? If I lose my job, I'll ... (My company is doing badly. There is a strong
Wait until I come back. possibility of being made redundant.)
We can use the Present Perfect if it is important to show that the action If I lost my job, I'd .. . (I probably won't lose my job. I'm just
in the time clause is finished. speculating.)
If there is a nuclear war, we'll all ... (Said by a pessimist.)
When I've read the book, I'll lend it to you.
If there was a nuclear war, ... (But I don't think it will happen.)
I'll go home after I've done the shopping.
would
8.3 Zero conditional Notice the use of would in the following sentences:
Zero conditional sentences refer to 'all time,' not just the present or She'd look better with shorter hair. (= If she cut her hair, she'd look
future. They express a situation that is always true. If means when or better.)
whenever. would to express preference
If you spend over £50 at that supermarket, you get a five per cent I'd love a cup of coffee.
discount. Where would you like to sit?
1'd rather have coffee, please.
I'd rather not tell you, if that's all right.
8.4 Second conditional What would you rather do, stay in or go out?
Form would to express a request
Would you open the door for me?
if + Past Simple + would Would you mind lending me a hand?
Positive
If I won some money, I'd go around the world.
My father would be proud if he could see me now.
Negative
I'd give up my job if I didn't like it.
If I had a lot of money, I wouldn't spend it all.
Question
What would you do if you saw someone shoplifting?
If you needed help, who would you ask?
Note that was can change to were in the condition clause.

wouldn't have to work.

Use

We use the second conditional to express an unreal situation

and its probable result. The situation or condition is improbable,
impossible, imaginary, or contrary to known facts .
If I were on the Olympic basketball team, I'd train everyday. (But it's
not very likely that I will ever be on the team.)
If my mother knew about my plans, she'd be very surprised. (But she
doesn't.)
If Ted needed money, I'd lend it to him. (But he doesn't need it.)
2 Other modal verbs are possible in the result clause.
I could buy some new clothes if I had some money.
If I saved a little every week, I might be able to save up for a car.
If you wanted that job, you'd have to apply very soon.
3 If I were you, I'd ... is used to give advice.
If I were you, I'd apologize to her.
I'd take it easy for a while if I were you.

146 Grammar Reference 8.2-8.5

UNIT 9

Modal verbs 9.3 Asking about possibilities

Modal verbs can express ability, obligation, permission,
To ask about possibility/probability we usually use Do you think ... ? Question
and request. They can also express the idea of probability
forms with modal verbs of probability are unusual.
or how certain a situation is. There is an introduction to
modal auxiliary verbs on p139. 'Do you think she's married?' 'She can 't be.'
'Where do you think he's from?' 'He might be Spanish or Portuguese.'
'Do you think they've arrived yett 'They may have. Or they might have got
Modal verbs of probability stuck in the traffic. '

9.1 Expressing possibility/probability:

the present/future 9.4 So do I! Neither do I!
When we agree or disagree using So .. .lNeither ... I, we repeat the auxiliary verbs.
Must and can't express the logical conclusion of a
If there is no auxiliary, use do/ does/ did. Be careful with sentence stress.
situation: must = logically probable; can't = logically
improbable. W e don't have all the facts, so we are not AGREEING DISAGREEING
absolutely sure, but we are pretty certain.
He must be exhausted. He can 't even stand up. I like ice-cream. •So do 1. I don't like Mary. •I do.
Sue can't have a ten-year-old daughter! Sue's only 24! I'm wearing jeans. So am 1. We're going now. We aren't.
He's in great shape, even though he must be at least 60! I can swim. So can 1. I can speak Polish. I can't.
A walk in this weather! You must be joking! I went out. So did 1. I haven't been skiing. I have.
Is there no answer? Th ey must be sleeping. They can't
be out this late! I don't like working. •
N either do 1. I like pizza.
•I don't.
2 Could and may/ might express possibility in the I can't drive. N either can 1. I saw Pat yesterday. I didn 't.
present or future. May/Might + not is the negative. I haven't been to Paris Neither have 1. I'm going to have I'm not.
Couldn 't is rare in this use. som e coffee.
He might be lost.
They could move to a different place.
Dave and Beth aren 't at home. They could be at the
9.5 too and either/neither
supermarket, I suppose. We express that we have the same ideas as somebody else by using too and
We may go to Greece for our vacation. We haven't either/ neither. With too and either we repeat the auxiliary verbs or, if there is no
decided yet. auxiliary, use do/does/did.
Take your umbrella. It might rain later. I like ice-cream. I do, too. / Me too.
I might not be able to come tonight. I might have to I have always studied hard. I have, too. / Me too.
work late. I don't like working. I don't, either. / Me neither.
The continuous infinitive I can't play chess. I can't, either. / Me neith er.
Must/could/can 't/might + be + -ing make the continuous
form in the present.
Peter might be working late.
They can't be working very hard.
Compare:
'John's grass is lovely. He must cut it regularly.' (habit)
'What's John doing in the garden?' 'He might be cutting the
grass.' (now)

9.2 Expressing possibility/probability:

the past
The perfect infinitive
Must/could/can't/ might + have + past participle express
degrees of probability in the past.
He must have been exhausted.
She can't have told him about us yet.
He might have got lost.
They could have moved house.
The continuous infinitive
Mu st/could/ can't/ might + have + been + -ing make the
continuous form in the past.
She must have been joking.
They can't have been trying very hard.
He could have been lying to you.

~ Workbook pS7 Further practice of the

continuous infinitive

Grammar Reference 9.1-9.5 147

 UNIT 10

ContinuolUs forms 2 a past activity that has caused a present result.

Remember, the following ideas are expressed by all I've been working all day. (I'm tired now.)
continuous forms: Have you been crying? (Your eyes are red.)
Roger's been cooking with garlic. (I can smell it.)
activity in progress.
The past activity might be finished or it might not. The context usually makes
Be quiet! I'm thinking.
this clear.
I was having a shower when the phone rang.
I've been working since 9 o'clock this morning. Look out of the window! It's been snowing! (It has stopped snowing now.)
I've been writing this book for two years. (It still isn't finished.)
2 temporary activity. I'm covered in paint because I've been decorating the bathroom. (It might be
We're staying with friends until we find a place of our finished or it might not. We don't know.)
own.
We've been living with them for six weeks.
3 possibly incomplete activity.
10.2 Present Perfect Simple or Continuous?
I'm writing a report. I have to finish it by tomorrow. The simple expresses a completed action.
Who's been eating my sandwich? I've painted the kitchen, and now I'm doing the bathroom.
~ Workbook p63 Further practice of simple and The continuous expresses an activity over a period and things that happened
during the activity.
continuous forms
I've got paint in my hair because I've been decorating.
Because the simple expresses a completed action, we use it if the sentence gives
10.1 Present Perfect Continuous a number or quantity. Here, the continuous isn't possible.
Form I've been reading all day. I've read ten chapters.
She's been eating ever since she arrived. She's eaten ten biscuits already.
Positive and negative 2 Some verbs don't have the idea of a long time, for example,find, start, buy, die,
I lose, break, stop. These verbs are more usually found in the simple.
We ve Some verbs have the idea of a long time, for example, wait, work, play, try,
You haven't learn, rain. These verbs are often found in the continuous.
They been working. I've cut my finger. (One short action.)
He , I've been cutting firewood. (Perhaps over several hours.)
s
She
hasn't
It 10.1 Time expressions
Here are some time expressions often found with certain tenses.
Question
Past Simple
I
I lived in Chicago for six years.

tong have

has
you
we
she
been working?
I saw Jack two days ago.
They slept during the flight.
She learnt to speak French while she was at university.
it
Present Perfect
We've been married for ten years.
Use They've been living here since June.
We use the Present Perfect Continuous to express: She hasn't been working since their baby was born.
1 an activity that began in the past and is continuing now. Future
I've been studying English for three years. We're going on vacation for a few days.
How long have you been working here? The class ends in 20 minutes.
Sometimes there is no difference between the simple I'll be home in a half an hour.
and the continuous. Prepositions with dates, months, years, etc.
I've played September
football since I was a boy. Monday 7 o'clock
I've been playing 1965
Monday morning the end of May
summer
If the continuous is possible, English has a preference in on 8 August at New Year
the holidays
for using it. New Year's Day the age of ten
the 1920s
holiday dinner-time
The continuous can sometimes express a temporary the 20th century
activity, and the simple a permanent state.
I've been living in this house for the past few months.
(temporary)
I've lived here all my life. (permanent)
Remember that state verbs rarely take the continuous
form (see 2.3 p136).
I've had this book for ages.
I've always loved sunny days.

148 Grammar Reference 10.1-10.3

UNIT 11

Question words 2 We repeat the auxiliary verb in the tag. If there is no auxiliary, use
dol does/did.
Look at the questions. Notice that What, Which, and Whose can
combine with a noun and How can combine with an adjective or an You haven't been here before, have you?
adverb. You can speak French, can't you?
We should take the children out, shouldn't we?
What kind of books do you like?
Banks close at four, don't they?
What size shoe do you wear? Sh e eats meat, doesn't she?
What colour are your eyes? You went to bed late, didn't you?
Which pen do you want?
Which way is it to the station? Note
Whose book is this? For negative question tags with I'm . .., use aren't.
How much do you weigh? I'm late, aren't I? NOT I'm late, am't I?
How many brothers and sisters do you have? But,
How many times have you been on a plane?
I'm not late, am I? NOT I'm not late, aren't I?
How much homework do you get every night?
How tall are you? 3 Notice the meaning of Yes and No in answer to question tags.
How often do you go to the dentist? 'You're coming, aren't you?' 'Yes.' (= I am coming.)
How long do es it take you to get to school? 'No.' (= I'm not coming.)

Use
11.1 Indirect questions
We use question tags to keep a conversation going by involving
Indirect questions have the same word order as the positive and listeners and inviting them to participate.
there is no do/ does/ did. The meaning of a question tag depends on how you say it.
A question tag with rising intonation is like a real question ­
it is asking for confirmation. It means 'I'm not sure, so I'm
checking'. The speaker thinks he/she knows the answer, but isn't
Do you know where does Tom live? absolutely certain.
~

2 We often make direct questions into indirect questions to make Your name's Abigail, isn't it?
~
them sound 'softer' or more polite. You're in advertising, aren't you?
~
Direct question You work in the city, don't you?
What time do the banks close?
A question tag with falling intonation isn't really a question at
Indirect question all- it is a way of making conversation. It means 'Talk to me'. The
Could you tell me speaker expects people to agree with him/her.
Do you know --.........
Beautiful day, isn 't it?
Do you happen to know what time the banks close?
It's wonderful weather for swimming, isn't it?
--.........
Have you any idea
Do you remember That was a great match, wasn't it?
--.........
Would you mind telling me , --.........
If there is no question word, use if or whether. You haven t been here before, have you?
I don't know if I'm coming or not. Note
I wonder whether it's going to rain. We can also use question tags with negative sentences to make a
polite request for information or help.
Here are some more expressions that introduce indirect questions: ~
I don't know You couldn 't lend me your car this evening, could you?
I wonder
I can't remember
how long the journey takes.
I've no idea
I'd like to kno w
I'm not su re

11.2 Question tags

Form
Question tags are very common in spoken English. The most
common patterns are:
positive sentence - negative tag
You're Jenny, aren't you?
or negative sentence - positive tag
It isn't a very nice day, is it?

Grammar Reference 11.1-11.2 149

 UNIT 12

12.1 Tense changes in reported statements Sometimes we report the idea, rather than the actual words.
'I'll lend you some money.' He offered to lend me some money.
It is usual for the verb in the reported clause to move 'one tense
'I won't help you.' She refused to help me.
back' if the reporting verb is in the past tense (e.g., said, told).
Present ~ Past
Present Perfect ~ Past Perfect
12.3 Reported questions
Past ~ Past Perfect The word order in reported questions is different in reported
'I'm going.' He said he was going. speech. There is no inversion of subject and auxiliary verb and
'She's passed her test.' He told me she had passed her test. there is no dol doesl did. This is similar to indirect questions (see
'We moved to Canada She said they had moved to p149).
when I was six. ' Canada when she was six. 'Why have you come here?' I asked her why she had com e here.
The verb also moves 'one tense back' when we are reporting 'What time is it?' He wants to know what time it is.
thoughts and feelings. 'Where do you live?' She asked me where [ lived.
[thought she was married, but she isn't. Note
[ didn't know he was a teacher. I thought he worked in a bank. We do not use a question mark in a reported question.
[forgot you were coming. Never mind. Come in. We do not use say in reported questions.
I hoped you would call. He said, 'Howald are you?' He asked me how old I am.
2 There is no tense change if: 2 If there is no question word, use if or whether.
- the reporting verb is in the present tense (e.g. says, asks).
She wants to know she should wear a dress.
'The bus will be late.' He says the bus will be late.
'I come from Spain.' She says she comes from Spain.
- the reported speech is about something that is still true.
12.4 Reported commands, requests, etc.
'Rain forests are being destroyed.'
She told him that rain forests are being destroyed. For reported commands, requests, offers, and advice, we use
'I hate football.' verb + person + to + infinitive.
[ told him I hate football. They told us to go away.
Som e modal verbs change. They asked me to look after their cat.
can -------.. could He urged the teachers to go back to work.
will ~ would She persuaded me to have my hair cut.
may -------.. might I advised the President to leave immediately.
'She can type well.' He told me she could type well. o Say is not possible. Use ask, told, etc.
'I'll help you.' She said she'd help me.
2 For negative commands, use not before to.
'I may come.' She said she might come.
He told me not to tell anyone.
Other modal verbs don't change.
The police warned people not to go out.
'You should go to bed.' He told me I should go to bed.
3 We use tell for reported statements and reported commands, but
'It might rain.' She said she thought it might rain.
the form is different.
Must stays as must, or changes to had to .
'I must go!' He said he must/had to go. Reported statements
He told me that he was going.
They told us that they were going abroad.
12.2 Reporting verbs She told them what had been happening.
There are many reporting verbs. Reported commands
We rarely use say with an indirect object (i.e., the person spoken to). He told me to keep still.
She said she was going. NOT ilhe said to me she was going. The police told people to move on.
My parents told me to clean up my room.
Tell is always used with an indirect object in reported speech.

Eld
We use ask for reported commands and reported questions, but
me
the form is different.
the doctor
the news.
us Reported commands
her husband I was asked to attend the interview.
----~-----~---~
He asked me to open my suitcase.
We can use that after say and tell.
She asked me not to leave.
He told her (that) he would be home late.
She said (that) sales were down from last year. Reported questions
Many verbs are more descriptive than say and tell, for example, explain, He asked me what I did for a living.
interrupt, demand, insist, admit, complain, warn. I asked her how much the rent was.
She asked me why I had come.

E
explained that he would be home late.
complained ~ Workbook p77 Further practice of ask and tell
admitted that sales were down that year.

150 Grammar Reference 12.1-12.4

Pairwork activities
UNIT 1 p9 UNIT 3 p25

PRACTICE PRACTICE
Getting information Getting information

Student A Student A
Ask and answer questions to complete the information Ask and answer questions to complete the story.
about Henri Bernard.
Where did Roy and Wanda go on holiday?

They went to Fujairah. What did they do every day?

In Lyon, France. How many books has he written?

Th ey went swimming and lay in the sun. Where .. . ?

Henri Bernard THE TRLE OF

United Nations Goodwill Ambassador TWO WAVES
A TRUE STORY
Last summer, Roy and his wife Wanda went on holiday
to Catlcutl (Where?). Every day,
they went swimming and lay in the sun.
One morning, they were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
(Where?), swimming in the sea, when a huge wave
knocked Wanda's expensive Italian sunglasses into
the water. Wanda was very upset because

H enri Bernard was born in Lyoll, Frallce (Where?),

in 1962. He is a famous writer and has written
over forty books, including children's books,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ {Why?).
The next day, they were sunbathing on the same beach
and Wanda was wearing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
which have been translated into many languages. (What?), when suddenly there was another huge wave,
which totally covered Wanda. She was
He has been a UN Goodwill Ambassador for
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (How .. . feel?), but then
_____ (How long?). His special interest is
she looked down and to her amazement, she saw the
children's health and education. He goes to Africa expensive sunglasses that she had lost the day before.
_____ {How often?), and he visits schools and
hospitals. He has raised (How much money?)
from people in France. As a Goodwill Ambassador he
is paid just $1 a year.
His father was a famous (What / do?).
Henri went to university in Paris, and studied
_____ (What?). He then worked as a journalist
before writing his first book in 1987.
He is married, and has (How many?)
children. They are both at university, studying
languages.

Pairwork activities 151

 UNIT 1 p9 UNIT 3 p25

PRACTICE PRACTICE
Getting information An amazing thing happened!

Student B Student B
Ask and answer questions to complete the information Ask and answer questions to complete the story.
about Henri Bernard.
W here did Roy and Wanda go on holiday ?

They went to Fujairah. W hat did they do every day?

In Ly on, France. How many books has he written?
They went swimming and lay in the sun. W here .. . ?

THE TRLE OF
Henri Bernard TWO WAVES
United Nations Goodwill Ambassador R TRUE STORY
Last summer, Roy and his wife Wanda went on holiday
to Cancun. Every day, they wellt swimmillg alld fay ill the SUII
(What . .. do?).
One morning, they were at the beach near their
hotel, swimming in the sea, when a huge wave
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (What ... do?). Wanda
was very upset because Roy had given her the
sunglasses as a present.
The next day, they were sunbathing

H
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (Where?) and Wanda
enri Bernard was born in Lyon, France, in was wearing a new, cheap pair of sunglasses, when
1962. He is a famous writer and has written suddenly there was another huge wave, which
over forty (How many?) books, including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (What . .. do?). She was
children's books . His books have been translated furious, but then she looked down and to her
into many languages. amazement, she saw _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
He has been a UN Goodwill Ambassador for (What?).
20 years. His special interest is (What?).
He goes to Africa every year, and he visits
_____ (Where?). He has raised $25 million from
people in France. As a Goodwill Ambassador he is
paid (How much?)
His father was a famous politician. Henri went to
university in (Where?), and studied
philosophy. He then worked as a journalist before
writing his first book in (When?).
He is married, and has two children. They are both
at university, studying (What?).

152 Pairwork activities

 UNIT 6 p52

VOCABULARY
Talking about you
1 Work with a partner. List the following information.
• the name of a restaurant where you had a memorable meal
• the name of a city that you have visited and that you would like to visit again
• the name of a relative, friend, or colleague who is important to you
Choose names of people and places that your partner does not know.

2 Exchange lists with your partner. Ask and answer questions

to find out about the places and people your partner listed.
3 Report back to the class about one of the names your partner wrote.

Pairwork activities 153

 UNIT 7 p58 UNIT 9 p71

READING AND SPEAKING PRACTICE

Roleplay Who's who in the family?
1 Work with a partner. 1 Work in small groups. Look at photos 1-5. They are
all of Simon and his family. In each photo, who do you
Student A
think is Simon? Who do you think the others are? Why?
You are a journalist. Interview your partner about
his/her dream job from exercise 1 on pS8. Ask these
This must / could / can't
questions.
be Simon because ...
• What do you do?
• How did you get the job? But this must / could /
• What do you like most about it? can't be Simon's wife ...
• What's an average day like?
• Have you made any sacrifices to do this job?
• What would you like to do next?
• What advice would you give to someone who wanted to
do your job?

Student B
You have your dream job from exercise 1 on pS8.
Your partner is a journalist. Answer his/her questions.

2 Change roles.

154 Pairwork activities

 UNIT 11 p87 >

PRACTICE
Finding out about Zinedine Zidane

Student A
Ask and answer questions to complete the information about
Zinedine Zidane.

On 2y d June 1972. How many

brothers and sisters did he have?
( Four. What did ... ? )

ZI~tP/~t
ZlPAlft
Zinedine Zidane's parents were from Algeria, but moved to
Marseilles, France, where Zinedine was born on _ _ _ _ __
(When?). He had four brothers and sisters and was the youngest in the
family.
His father (What / job?). The family's apartment
was very small, and they couldn't all sit down to eat at the same time.
Zinedine fIrSt played football (Where?) as a small
boy. His passion soon became his career, and he got his first player's
licence for a local club when he was ten years old.
He first played for (Which club?), then moved to
Bordeaux and Juventus, and finished his career at Real Madrid.
He has also played for the French national team. The 1998 World
Cup final was held in (Where?), and Zidane scored
twice in France's 3-0 victory over Brazil.
Zidane retired in (When?) but has continued to
work for the Real Madrid team. David Beckham has described him as
"the greatest of all time."
In 2010, he was an ambassador for (Which
country?) in their 2022 World Cup bid, and said about the result, "this
is a victory for the Arab world and the Middle East."
He is married and has four sons - they are all members of the Real
Madrid Football Academy!

Pairwork activities 155

 UNIT 11 p8l UNIT 11 p89

PRACTICE PRACTICE
Finding out about Zinedine Zidane Conversations
Student B 1 Work with a partner. Choose one of the
Ask and answer questions to complete the information about conversations below and add question tags.
Zinedine Zidane. 1 A You broke that vase.
B Yes, I did. I dropped it. I'm sorry.
A You'll replace it.
B Yes, of course I will. How much did
On 23 rd June 1972. How many it cost?
brothers and sisters did he have? A £300.
B £300?! It wasn't that much.
( Four. What did ... ? )
A Yes, it was.
V 2 A Have you paid the electricity bill yet?
B No, you paid it.
A No, I haven't paid it. I thought you
paid it.

ZllftPllft B Me? But you always pay it.

A No, I don't. I always pay the phone
bill.

ZlPArtt B Oh, yes, sorry.

3 A We're going to be so late.
B Erm, I think so.
A Our table was booked for eight.
B Well ...
A And it's five past eight now.
Zinedine Zidane's parents were from Algeria, but moved to B Yes, but they'll hold it until 8.15.
Marseilles, France, where Zinedine was born on 23 rd June 1972. He had A Yes, I hope so.
_ _ __ __ brothers and sisters (How many?) and was the 4 A Helen didn't win the competition.
youngest in the family. B Yes, she did. She won £2 million!
His father worked as a nightwatchman. The family's apartment was A She isn't going to give it all away.
_ _ _ _ _ (How big?), and they couldn't all sit down to eat at the B As a matter of fact, she is.
same time. A Wow. Not many people would do
Zinedine first played football in the streets of Marseille as a small that.
boy. His passion soon became his career, and he got his first player's B Well, I certainly wouldn't.
licence for a local club when old (How old?). 5 A I think we're lost. Let's look at the
He firsc played for AS Cannes, then moved to Bordeaux and map.
Juventus, and finished his career at (Which club?). B Vh-oh.
He has also played for the French national team. The 1998 World A What do you mean, 'Vh-oh'? You
Cup final was held in Paris, and Zidane scored _ _ _ _ _ __ didn't forget to bring the map.
B Sorry.
(How many times?) in France's 3-0 victory over Brazil.
A How are we going to get back to the
Zidane retired in 2006 but has continued to work for the Real
campsite without a map?
Madrid team. (Who?) has described him as "the B Well, we could ask a police officer.
greatest of all time." A There aren't many police officers on
In 2010, he was an ambassador for Qatar in their 2022 World Cup this mountain!
bid, and said about the result, " ." (What?)
He is married and has four sons - they are all members of the Real 2 Act out your conversation for the class.
Madrid Football Academy!

156 Pairwork activities

Irregular verbs
Base form Past Simple Past participle Base form Past Simple Past participle
be was/were been leave left left
beat beat beaten lend lent lent
become became become let let let
begin began begun lie lay lain
bend bent bent light lighted/lit lighted/lit
bite bit bitten lose lost lost
blow blew blown make made made
break broke broken mean meant meant
bring brought brought meet met met
build built built must had to had to
buy bought bought pay paid paid
can could been able put put put
catch caught caught read Iri:d/ read Iredl read /red/
choose chose chosen ride rode ridden
come came come ring rang rung
cost cost cost rise rose risen
cut cut cut run ran run
dig dug dug say said said
do did done see saw seen
draw drew drawn sell sold sold
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt send sent sent
drink drank drunk set set set
drive drove driven shake shook shaken
eat ate eaten shine shone shone
fall fell fallen shoot shot shot
feed fed fed show showed shown
feel felt felt shut shut shut
fight fought fought sink sank sunk
find found found sit sat sat
fit fit fit sleep slept slept
fly flew flown slide slid slid
forget forgot forgotten speak spoke spoken
forgive forgave forgiven spend spent spent
freeze froze frozen spoil spoiled/spoilt spoiled/ spoilt
get got got spread spread spread
give gave given stand stood stood
go went been/gone steal stole stolen
grow grew grown stick stuck stuck
hang hanged/hung hanged/hung swim swam swum
have had had take took taken
hear heard heard teach taught taught
hide hid hidden tear tore torn
hit hit hit tell told told
hold held held think thought thought
hurt hurt hurt throw threw thrown
keep kept kept understand understood understood
kneel knelt knelt wake woke woken
know knew known wear wore worn
lay laid laid win won won
lead led led write wrote written
learn learnedllearnt learned/learnt

Irregular verbs 157

 Verb patterns
Verbs + -ing Verbs + sb + to + infinitive Verbs + -ing or to + infinitive
(with little or no change in meaning)
adore advise
can't stand allow begin
doing
don't mind ask continue
swimming
enjoy beg hate
cooking doing
finish encourage like
to do
look forward to expect love
me
help to do prefer
him
Note invite to go start
them
We often use the verb go + -ing for sports and need to come
someone
activities. order
I go swimming every day. remind
I go shopping on weekends. tell Verbs + -ing or to + infinitive
I
want (with a change in meaning)
warn
Verbs + to + infinitive remember
would like doing
stop
agree to do
try
choose Note
dare Help can be used without to.
Notes
decide J helped him do the dishes.
expect I remember posting the letter.
forget (= I have a memory now of a past
Verbs + sb + infinitive (no to) action: posting the letter.)
help
hope help I remembered to post the letter.
her
learn let do (= I reminded myself to post the letter.
to do us
manage make I didn't forget.)
to come
need 2 I stopped drinking coffee.
to cook
offer Notes (= I gave up the habit.)
promise To is used with make in the passive.
refuse I stopped to drink a coffee.
We were made to work hard. (= I stopped doing something else in
seem
2 Let cannot be used in the passive. Allowed order to have a cup of coffee.)
want
to is used instead. 3 I tried to sleep.
would hate
She was allowed to leave. (= I wanted to sleep, but it was
would like
would love difficult.)
would prefer J tried counting sheep and drinking a glass
of warm milk.
Notes (= These were possible ways of getting
Help and dare can be used without to. to sleep.)
We helped clean up the kitchen.
They didn't dare disagree with him.
2 Have to for obligation.
I have to wear a uniform.
3 Used to for past habits.
J used to play golf, but I quit last year.

158 Verb patterns

Phonetic sytnbols
Consonants Vowels

1 Ipl asm pen Ipenl 25 1i :1 as in see I si:1

2 Ibl as in big IbIg l 26 !II as in his IhIZI
3 It! as m tea Iti:1 27 iii asm twenty I 'twentil
4 Idl as in do Idu:1 28 l ei as in ten Itenl
5 Ik l as in cat Ibet! 29 I~I as in stamp I st~mpl
6 Igl as in go Iggul 30 l a:1 as in father I '[a:ogl
7 IfI as in four I h l 31 101 as in hot /hot/
8 Ivl as in very I'veril 32 iJ:I as in morning I' m;):llIlJ I
9 l si as in son ISAnl 33 l ui as in football /' [utb;):11
10 /zl as in zoo lzu:1 34 l u:1 as in you Iju:1
11 III as in live Ihvl 35 I AI as in sun ISAnl
12 Iml as in my Imaii 36 13:1 as in learn /13:nl
l3 Inl as in near 11lIgi 37 Igl as in letter /'letgl
14 Ih I as in happy I 'h~pi/
15 /rl as in red Ired/
16 Iji as in yes Ijesl Diphthongs (two vowels together)
17 Iw l as in want Iwontl 38 l eII as in name /neIm I
18 181 as in thanks 18~lJksl 39 I gul as in no Ingul
19 101 as in the l ogl 40 laI I as in my ImaI I
20 lSI as in she ISi:1 41 l aul as in how Ihaul
21 13 I as in television l 'tehvI3nl 42 iJII as in boy Ib;)II
22 ItSI as in child ItSaddl 43 fI gl as in hear IhIgl
23 Id3 I as in German l' d33:mgnl 44 l egl as in where /wegl
24 II]I as in English l 'Il]glrSI 45 l ugl as in tour Itugl

Phonetic symbols 159

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