Metals and

3 Non-metals

Fastrack Revision
lons by galining
which form negative
Non-metals are those
groups namely or gas. They
are mainly divided into two elements
electrons.
form of solid, Uquld
Elements there are certain
but Non-metals oCcur In the non-sonorous in nature
metals and non-metals, of both metals as well as non -
are non-malleable,
non-ductile,
electricity except
which show propertles conductors of heat and
known as metallolds. electrons are and are poor
metals. These are ions bylosing
Elements which form positive graphite. form acidic oxides or
ºNon-metals react with oxygen to
called metals. substances, malleable, ductile,
hard solld electricity. neutral oxides. steam but
Metals are conductors of heat and react with water or
sonorous and are good form Non-metals do not usually with water to form acids.
combine with oxygen (or air) to non-metal oxides react
Almost all the metals in nature.
the
not react with
dilute acids to
release
metal oxides which are basic oxygen º Non-metals do
so vigorously with
Sodlum and potasslum react prevent hydrogen gas. electrons
in the open. Hence, to oil. due to the transfer of as lonlc
that they catch fire if keptkept immersed in kerosene The compounds formednon-metal are known
accidental Fires, they are layer on from a metal to a compounds.
of forming a thick oxide compounds or electrovalent
º Anodising is a process metal from corrosion. Chloride:
aluminium, which prevents the But Formatlon of Magneslum
are insoluble in water. Mg2" " 20
Most of the metal oxides dissolve in water to form M9
some of the metal oxides 2.&2 Aoynesiutn catkan
react with both acids as well
alkalls. Metal oxldes whlch amphoteric Cr
and water are called
as bases to produce salt oxide are examples of (ONoride anion)
oxides. Aluminium oxide and zinc
amphoteric oxides.
respective metal
Metals react with water to produce Mg :
hydroxides and hydrogen gas.
Metal + Water Metal oxide + Hydrogen
Metal oxide + Water Metal hydroxide
as Cu, Hg, Ag, Properties of lonic Compounds:
Except a few less reactlve metals (such because of the strong
Pt, etc.), all metals react with dil. sulphuric acid and º They are generally solid and hard negative
dil hydrochloric acid to produce salt and hydrogen gas. force of attraction between the positive and
a metal reacts with
ºHydrogen gas is not Pvolved wnlcing agent
nitrlc acid because it is a strong
ions.
º They have high melting and boiling point.
in solvents sUch as
less reactive They are soluble in water but insoluble
º Reactive metal can displace a comparatively or in
metal From its compounds in aqueous salt solution petrol etc
molten form, They do not conduct electricity in solid state but conduct
alAA + Salt solution of BSalt solution of A+ Metal E
Metal (Motal A is mora rooctive than B)
electricty In molten state.
Occurrence of Metals:
the
º The reactivity series is a list of metals arranged in º The naturally occurring compounds of the
metals in the
order of their decreasing reactivity. The order of reactivity earth's crust are called minerals.
of metals is K> Na >Ca > Mg > Al> Zn > Fe > Pb> H> Cu Those minerals from which mnetals can be extracted
>Ag> AU. conventionally and economically are called ores. The
MNEMONICS process of extraction of metals from their ores Is called
Concept: How to remember reactivity series? metallurgy.
Mnemonics: Please Send Cats Monkeys And Zebras In Extraction of Metals:
Lovely Happy Coges Mode of Silver and Gold. Positlon Metal Process and Example
Interpretation: Heated in air:
P- Potossium S- Sodium C- Calcium
M-Mognesium A - Aluminlum Z- Zinc Metals Hg 2HgS (5)+30, (9)
|- Iron L - Leod H- Hydrogen of low Heat, 2HgO (s) +25O, (9)
C- Copper M - MercUry S - Silver reactivity
G-Gold 2Hg0(s) Heat 2Hg(() +O, (9)
 Heated in air: Al Electrolytic reduction of aluminium
Cu 2Cu,S(s) +30, (g) Joxide
Metals at AL Found in the free state.
Heat, 2Cu,O (s) +250, (9) bottom Pt
2Cu,0(s) +Cu,S (s) of activity Ag
Heat, 6Cu(s) +SO 9) series
The process of purification of the metal obtalned after
Roasting:
Zn2ZnS (s) 30 (g) reduction is called refining of metals.
Hoat
º Electrolytic Refining: In this process, impure metal is made
2a, 2ZnO(s)+250, (9) the anode, thin strip of pure metal ls made the cathode
Calcination: and a solution of metal salt is used as an electrolyte. On
Metals of
Znco, (s) Heot ,Zno(s) +co, (9) passing current through the electrolyte, pure metal gets
medium deposited on the cathode and insoluble impurltles settle
reactivity Roductlon using carbon: at the bottom of the anode (known as anode mud).
ZnO(s)+C(s)-’Zn(s)+CO(9) Corrosion: is the slow process of eating away of metals by
Roductlon using aluminium: the reaction of atmospherlc air and molsture.
Mn3MnO, (s) +4AI (s) Rusting of Iron: can be prevented by galvanising, by
+3Mn() +2Al,O, (s) +Heat making alloys, painting, greasing or oiling and tin-plating
or chromium-plating.
Fe Fe,O, (s)+ 2Al (s) The process of coating ion and steel objects with a thin
-2Fe () +Al,O, (s) +Heat layer of zinc is called galvanisation.
Metals Electrolysis of their molten chlorides: An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals
or ametal and a non-metal e.g, stainless steel (Iron +Nickel
of high Na At cathode: Na" +e Na
reactivity Mg Chromium), Brass (Copper + Zinc) etc. An amalgam is an
Ca At anode: 2Cl -Clz +2e alloy in which one of the metals is mercury.

Practice Exercise
Element Acid Base
- Multiple Choice Questions A. X

QL Among the following, the metal with lowest 8.

density is: (CBSE 2023)
a. ithium b. Lead D.
c Magneslum d. Aluminium
Which of these elements form amphoteric oxides?
Q2. A cable manufacturing unit tested few elements a. AandD b. Band D c.A and C d. Band
on the basis of their physical properties. Q5. Which of the following oxide(s) is/are soluble in
W X Y water to form alkales? (CBSE 2021 Term-1)
Properties
Malleable Yes No No Yes () Na,0 () S0, (iii) K,0 (iv) NO,
Ves No NG Yes a. (1) and (1) b. Only (0)
Ductlle
c (u) and (v) d. Only (i)
Yes Yes Yes No
Electrical Conductivity
Q6. Which of the following oxide(s) of iron would
Melting Polnt HighLow Low High be obtained on prolonged reaction of iron with
Whlch of the above elements were discarded for steam? (NCERT EXEMPLAR)
usage by the company? (CBSE SQP 2021 Term-1) a. Fe0 b. Fe,0,
a. W. X. Y b. X. Y.Z c W.X.Z d. Y. X. Z c Fe0, d. Fe,0, and Fe,0
Q3. An element with atomlc number...... will form a 07
basic oxide. (COSE SQP 2023-24) METAL
a. 7 (2. 5) b. 17 (2. 8. 7)
c. 14 (2. 8. 4) d. 11 (2. 8.1) Dil. HCL
Q4. The glven table shows the reaction of a few
elements with aclds and bases to evolve Hydrogen METAL GAS
(CBSE SQP 2021 Term-l) SALT
gas.
 Which of the following twO combinations are Q13. The table shown below glves information about
correct? four substances: A, B, C and D.
Metal Gas Evolved Electrical Conductlvity
Melting
Copper Yes Substance Point (K)
A
Sold Llquld/Aqueous
(i) Iron Yes 295 Good Good
(i) Magnesium No B 1210 Poor Good
Zinc Yes 1890 Poor Good
(lv)
D 1160 Poor Poor
a. land lil b. I and lv
c liand iii d. i and iv Identify lonic compounds from the above given
substances. (CBSE SOP 2021 Ter1n-1)
Q8. The diagram shows the reaction between metal a. A, B b. B. C CA. B. D d. A C D
and dil. acid. (COSE SOP 2021 Tar-1)
Q14. Which one of the following structures correctly
depicts the compound CaCl,? (CBSE 2021 Tarm-1)
a a-(**

Mg +dil Ha Cu + dil Ha
Q15. Which one of the following correctly represents
Zn + dil HCI Fe + dil HCI (C8SE SOP 2023-24)
sodium oxlde?
(A (B) (D)

What is the reason for different behaviour of Mg in

test tube 8?
a Mg is ighter element than diL HCl c. 2Na"
b. Mg reacts with dil HCl to produce H, gas which
helps in floating Q16. An element 'M has 50% the electrons filled
c Mg reacts with dil HCl to produce N, gas which in the 3rd shell as in the 2nd shell. The atomic
helps in foating number of 'M is: (CBSE SOP 2023-24)
d. Mg reacts with dlL HCl to produce CO, gas which a. 10 b. 12 C. 14 d. 18
helps in floating Q17. Which of the following metals exist in their native
09. On adding dilute sulphuric acid to a test tube state In nature? (NCERT EXEMPLAR
contaíning a metal 'x, a colourless gas is produced () Ca (ii) Au
(iii) Zn (v) Ag
a. ) and (i) b. (i) and (ii)
when a burning match stick is brought near it.
c. (i) and (iv) d. (i) and (iv)
Which of the following correctly represents metal
'X? (C8SE SQP 2023-24) Q18. A diagram of refining impure motals Is given
a Sodium b. Zinc below:
c Copper d. Silver Key

Q10. The colour of the solution observed after

30 minutes of placing zinc metal to copper Cathode
sulphate solution is: (C8SE SOP 2023-24)
Apode
a. Blue b. Colourless
c Dirty green d. Reddish Brown
Q1 The pair(s) which will show displacement reaction
Is/are:
) NaCl solution and copper metal
(i) AgNO, solution and copper metal cu
() AL,(50), solution and magneslum metal
(iv) ZnS0, solution and Iron metal (CBSE 2021 Ter-1)
a Only (ü) b. () and (u)
c (ii) and (iv) d. () and (i) The statement whlch defines the system and its
Q12. Which of thefollowing are not ionic compounds? parts is:
(NCERT EXENPLAR) a. this is an ideal setting of electrolytic refining
of copper with A = acidified CuS0, solution and
) KCl (ii) HCL B= anode mud
(ii) CCl (iv) NaCl
b. this is an ideal setting of electralytic refining
a. (i) and (ü) b. (i) and (i) of copper with A manganese dioxide and
c (ii) and (iv) d. () and (ii) B anode mud
 c this is an ideal setting of thermite process with Q23. Assertion (A): Calcium floats in water.
A iron (lI) oxide and B Impurities Reason (R): Calcium reacts with water to form
d this is showing a salt solution with A graphite hydrogen gas and bubbles of H, gas stick to the
rod and B impurities calcium metal surface.
Q
19. Gatvanisation is a method of protecting iron from Q24. Assertion (A): Zinc fails to evolve hydrogen gas on
rusting by coatingwitha thin layer of: reacting with dil nitric acid.
(NCERT EXEAIPLAR)
a gallium b. aluminium Reason (R): DiLHN0, is an oxidising agent and
C zinc d silver zinc gives no when reacts with it.
Q20. Match the alloys given in column (A) with their Q 25. Assertion (A): Different metals have different
composition given in column (8). reactivities with water and dilute acids.
Column (A) Column (B) Reason (R): Reactivity of a metal depends on its
A Stainless steel 0 Pb + Sn position in the reactivity series.
8.Solder (ü)Cu +Zn Q26. Assertion (A): lonic compounds have high melting
CBrass (i) Cu+Sn and boiling points.
D.Bronze (iv)Fe + Ni " Cr Reason (R): A large amount of energy is required
a. A{i). B-0). C-(iv). D{iü) b. A-(iv). B-(). CHii). D-() to break the strong inter-ionic attraction in ionic
c A-i). B{iv). C-0). D-(0) d A-(iv). B-(i). C{ü). D-{iü) compounds.
-) Assertion &Reason Type Questions 0 27. Assertion (A): Metals low in the reactivity series
are very unreactive. The oxides of these metals can
Directions (0. Nos. 21-30): Eoch of the following questions be reduced to metals by heating alone.
consists of two statements, one is Assertion (A) ond the other
Reason (R): Cinnabar when heated in air first
is Reason (R). Give onswer: gets converted into mercuric oxide which is then
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
Reason (R) is a correct explanation of Assertion (A). reduced to mercury on further heating.
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true Q 28. Assertion (A): The reaction of Fe,0, with Al is
but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of known as thermite reaction. This is used to join
Assertion (A). railway tracks or cracked machine parts.
c Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
Reason (R): The reaction is highly exothermic.
d Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
Q21. Assertion (A): Metals are good conductors of heat. Q 29. Assertion (A): Sodium, calcium and magnesium are
Reason (R): Silver and copper are poor conductors obtained by the electrolysis of thelr molten oxides.
of heat. Reason (R): These metals have more affinity for
Q22. Assertion (A): Aluminium oxide is an amphoteric Oxygen than cartbon. (CBSE 2023)
oxide. Q30. Assertion (A): Pure gold, known as 24 carat gold, is
Reason (R): Anodising is a process of forming a not suitable for making jewellery.
thick oxide layer of aluminium. Reason (R): Pure gold is very soft.
Answers
1 (a) Alkali metals (Uthium. sodium) have low 8. (b) Mg reacts with dil HCl to produce H gas which
densities. helps in floating,
2 (b) X and Y are discarded because they are not 9. (a) Sodium
malleable and ductile. Z is discarded because 10. (b) Zn +Cu50,Zn50, + Cu
Blue Colourless
t does not conduct electricity.
3. (d) We know that metals form basic oxides and 11. (b) NaCl + Cu- No reaction
metals have 1. 2. or 3 valence electrons 2AgNO, Cu’Cu(NO,),+ 2 Ag
AL,(S0.J, +3Mg’MgS0, +2AL
.11(2. 8. 1) (or Na) will formabasic oxide. Zn50, + Fe No reaction
4. (b) Only elerments B and O reacts with both acid 12. (b) HCl and CC, are covalent compounds. where
and base. Thus. they are amphoteric oxides. the compound is formed by mutual sharing of
5. (a) (0) and (ii) electrons
6. (c) 3Fe(s) + 4H,0(g) Fe,0,(s) + 4H,(9) 13. (b) B. C
7. (d) Copper does not react with dilute HCL whereas
Magnesium reacts rapidly with dilute HCl to
RÌVe a salt and hydrogen as.
 16. (c) Read the above passage carefully and give the
Atormic Number Electronic Configuration answer of the following questions:
K M QL The ability of metals to be drawn into thin wire is
known as:
a. conductivity b. malleability
12 8 2 C sonority d ductilüty
2 8 4
Q2. Which of the following metals do not react with
18 8 oxygen even at high temperatures?
Electrons flled in L(2nd) shell -8 (() Ag (i) AL
50 (ii) Au (iv) Fe
50% of electrons filled In L shell = a. (0) and (iv) b. (ii) and (iv)
c () and (ii) d. () and ()
Element M (atomic no = 14) has 50% of the
03. Study the image below that shows the reactlon of
a metal with cold water.
electrons filled in the 3rd shell as in the Znd shell
17. (c) (i) and (iv)
18. (a) this is an ideal setting of electrolytic refining
of copper with A=acidified CuS0, solution and
Banode mud
Metal
19. () zinc
20. (d) A-(iv). B-). C-(1). D-(ii) Cold waler
21. (c) Reason (R) is false because silver and copper
are best conductors of heat
22 (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true Which of the following metal explains this event?
a. K b. Ca
but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of c. Mg d Fe
Assertion (A). Q4. Which among the following statements Is Incorrect
23. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true for magneslum metal?
and Reason (R) Is a correct explanation of
Assertion (A). a. It burns In oxygen with a dazzling white flame
24. (Y) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true b. It reacts with cold water to form magneslum
and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of oxide and evolves hydrogen gas
Assertion (A) c. Both a and b.
25. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true d. It reacts with hot water to form magnesium
and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of hydroxide and evolves hydrogen gas
Assertion (A)
Q5. Generally metals react with acids to give salt and
26. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true hydrogen gas. Which of the following acids does
and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of not give hydrogen gas on reacting with metals
Assertion (A). (except Mn and Mg)?
27. (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true a. H,50, b. HCl
but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of c. HNO, d. All of these
Assertion (A).
28. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true 4Answers
and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of 1. (d) ductiüty
Assertion (A).
29. (d) Assertion (A) Is false becaUse sodium. 2. () (0) and (u)
3. (Y) K
magnesium and calcium are obtained by the
electrolysis of their molten chlorides. 4. (b) It reacts with cold water to form magnesium oxide
30. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and evolves hydrogen gas
and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of 5. (c) HNO,
Assertion (A).
Case Study 2
-) Case Study Based Questions A student, took four metals P0. R and S and
Case Study 1 carricd out differcnt experiments to study the
properties of metals. Some the observations
Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile and are good
wcre.
conductors of heat and clectricity. They are solids
at room temperature, except mercury which is a ()) Allmetals could not be cut with knife except
metal R.
liquid. Metals combine with oxygen to form basic
oxides. Different metals have different reactivities (ü) Metal P combined with Oxygen to form an
with water and dilute acids. Non-metals have oxide M,0, which reached with both acids
properties oppositc to that of metals. and bases.
 (ii)Reaction with waler. Answers
P - Did not react either with cold hot
water but reacted with steam 1. Ois the least reactive metal as it has not displaced
any metal amongst the solutions.
Q-Reacted with hot water and the metal
2. Bis the most reactive metal as it has displaced the
started floating most reactive metal amongst the solutions. ie. Fe of
R-Reacted violently with cold water Fe504
S - Did not react with water at all 3. D<C<A<B
Read the above passage carefully and give the 4. When Creacts with AgCl Ag and CCl, are formed
answer of the following questions: 5. The blue colour of CusO, solution fades awa.
(C8SE 2021 Term-l)
If B is added to CuSO, solution, it will displace Cu
Q1 Out of the given metals, the one which needs to be because Bhas displaced Fe. so it can also displace Cu.
stored under kerosene is:
a P b. R Case Study 4
d. 0 The melting points and boiling points of somc
Q2. Out of the given metals, themetal Qis: ionic compounds are given below:
a. Iron b. Zinc Compound Melting Point ()Boiling Point (K)
c Potassium d. Magnesium NaCl 1074 1686
Q3. Metal which forms amphoteric oxides is: 887 1600
a. P b. cR dS 1045 1900
CaCl,
04. The increasing order of the reactivity of the four CaO 2850 3120
metals is: MgCl, 981 1685
a P<Q<R<5 b. S<R<Q<P
c5<P< Q< R d. P<R<Q<S These compounds are termed ionic because they
are formed by the transfer of electrons from a
HAnswers metal to a non-metal. The electron transfer in
such compounds is controlled by the electronic
1 (b) R
2 (d) magnesium configuration of the elements involved. Every
3. (a) P element tends to attain a completely filled valence
shell of its nearest noble gas or a stable octet.
4. (c) S<P<Q<R Read the above passage carefully and give the
Case Study 3 answer of the following questions:
Q1 Show the electron transfer in the formation of
Study the given table and answer the following magnesium chlorlde.
questions: A student took the samples of four Q2. List two properties of ionic compounds other than
metals A, B, Cand D and added following solution their high melting and boiling points.
onc by onc. The results obtaincd have bccn Q3. While forming an ionic compound say sodlum
tabulated as follows: chloride how does sodium atom attain its stable
Iron () Copper (I) Zinc Silver configuration?
Metal sulphate nitrate Or
sulphate sulphate
Give reasons:
A No reaction Displacement () Why do lonic compounds in the solid state not
BDisplacement INo rcaction conduct electricity?
No reaction No reaction No reaction Displucement (ü) What happens at the cathode when electricity
is passed through an aqueous solution of
D No reaction No reaction No reaction No reacion sodlum chloride? (CBSE 2023)
Read the above passage carefully and give the answer
of the following questions: Answers
01 Whlch is the least reactive metal and why? Mg Mg +2e
2a2 28
Q2. Which is the most reactive metal and why?
Q3. Arrange the metals A, B, C and D in order of
increasing reactivity. 2A0
04. Write the chemical formulae of product formed
when Creacts with AgCl solution. Mg
05. What would be observed, if'B is added to a solution
of copper () sulphate and why?
 2 (a) lonic compounds are solids, hard and brittle. Extraction: 2HgS +30,a2Hg0+ 250,
(b) They are soluble in water and insoluble in
solvents such as petrol kerosene etc. 2HgO H a 2Hg +0,
3. (A) The atomic number of sodium is 11. so its
electronlc configuration is 2. 8. 1 Sodium atom 4. Reduction of iron oxide to Iron by aluminium is called
has only 1electron in its outermost shell A thermlte reaction.
stable arrangement has usually 8 electrons in Fe,0,+ 2AI’ 2Fe+ Al,O, +Heat
its outemost shell Hence. in order to attain
stable configuration. sodiurm atom donates le to 5. JMnO, + 4A[- 3Mn +2Al,O, +Heat
chlorine.
Case Study 6
Na ’ Na' +e
2B To students decided to investigate the effect
of water and air on iron objcct under identical
Or experimental conditions. They measured the mass
(8) (0) lonic compounds in the soud state do not of cach objcct before placing it partially immersed
conduct electricity because movement of lons in 10 mL of waler. After a few days, the object were
in the sold is not possible due to their rigid removed, dried and their masses were mcasured.
structure.
The table shows their results.
(0) When electricity is passed through an aqueous
solution of sodium chloride. sodiurn lons move Mass of Mass of the
towards cathode and get deposited there. Student Object Object beforecoaled objcct
At cathode: Na +eNa. Rusting (in g) (in g)
Case Study 5 A Nail 3.0 3.15
Different methods are used for extracting metals B Thin plate 6.0 6.33
of different reactivity.
Read the above passage carefully and give the
MotalMethod of extractdon answers of thefollowing questions:
K Q1. What might be the reason for the varied
Na observations of the two students?
Ca Electrolysis of molten Q2. In another set up, the students coated lron nalls
chloride or oxide
Mg with zinc metal and noted that, iron nails coated
Al with zinc prevents rusting. They also observed that
Zn zinc initially acts as a physical barrier, but an extra
Fe Reductlon of oxlde with advantage of using zinc is that it continues to
Ph carbon prevent rusting even if the layer of zinc Is damaged.
Cu
Name this process of rust prevention and give any
Cu l Heating sulphide in air two other methods to prevent rusting.
Hgs (Reduction by heat alone) Or
Ag
AU
Found in native state In whlch of the following applications of Iron,
Pt (as metals) rusting ill occur most?
Support your answer with valid reason.
Based on the above table, answer the following
questions:
Q1 Why is carbon not used for reducing aluminium
from aluminium oxide?
Q2. Why sulphide and carbonate ores are converted A B C D
into oxides? A- Iron Bucket electroplated with Zinc
Q3. Name the ore of mercury. How mercury is extracted B- Electricity cables having iron wires covered
from its ore? with aluminium
Q4. What Is thermite reaction? C- Iron hinges on a gate
Q5. Write a balanced chemicalequation for representing D-Painted iron fence (C8SE SQP 2022-23)
the chemical reaction between manganese dioxide
and aluminium powder. HAnswers
1. Rusting occurs in both A and 9 so there is an Increase
4Answers in mass

L Because aluniniium has more affinity for oxygen As the surface area of B is more. so extent of rusting
than carbon is also more.
2 Because it is easier to obtain a metal from its oxide. 2. Galvanisation is the process of applying zinc coating
as compared to its sulphides and carbonates to iron to prevent rusting
. Clnnabar (HgS) is an ore of mercury Two other methods to prevent rusting are:
 0) Greasing (ü) PaintingB (ui) Alloying (iv) Chromium Q10. In the arrangement shown below there are three
plating, (Any two) test tubes marked A, B andC. Few clean iron nalls
Or
C-iron hinges on a gate because Iron is in contact are placed in these tubes. Water is poured In test
vith both atmospheric oxygen and moisture tube A, boiled distilled water and 1 mL of oill are
poured in test tube B and anhydrous calcium
- Very Short Answer Type Questions chloride is added in test tube C.

Q1 Give two examples each of the metals that are

good conductors and poor conductors of heat -Ar -Ai +Dry air
respectively.
Loyer
Ans. Silver and copper are good conductors of heat. Lead of ol
and mercury are p0or conductors of heat. Iron
nails
Q2. Whlch of the following metals will melt at body -Wabor
temperature?
Gallium, Magnesium, Caesium, Aluminium. Boled distlled waler AnhydroUs
Ans. Galllum and caesium metals will melt at body calciurn chionido
temperature (37°C).
What are the two observations that can be observed
Q3. Name a non-metal which is lustrous and a metal
after a few days from the given arrangement?
which is non-lustrous.
Ans. lodine is a lustrous non-metal and lead is a non Ans. The two observations are:
lustrous metal (0) Iron nails rust test tube A as the nails are
04. A non-metal X exists in two different formsY and exposed to both air and water.
ZY is the hardest natural substance, whereas Z is (ü) Iron nails do not rust in test tubes Band Cbecause
a good conductor of electricity. ldentify X,Y and Z. the nails are not exposed to air in test tube B and
(NCERT EXEMPLAR) not exposed to either air or water in test tube C
Ans. Xis carbon, Yis dlamond and ZIs graphite. 91L What are the constituents of solder alloy? Which
Q5. An element forms an oxide A,0, which Is acidic in property of solder makes it suitable for welding
nature. Identify Aas a metal or non-metal. electrical wires?
Ans. Since the oxide is acidic in nature. therefore A will be Ans
a non-metal
Q6. Why sodium is kept immersed in kerosene oil? -TiP
Ans. Sodium is a very reactive element. It reacts so Make a list of alloys ond learn the mixture of their
vigorously with oxygen that it catches fire easily if metals along with their nomes.
kept in the open. So. to protect sodium and to prevent
accidental fires. it is kept immersed in kerosene oil Solder is an alloy of lead and tin. Low melting point
Q7. Why does calcium Anat in watar? of solder makes it suitable for welding electrical
Ans. Calcium reacts
Although. calci
the sticking of the H, gas bubbles on calcium metal IUTL AIISWGr ype-I Questions
surface. it starts floating
QL Name one metal and one non-metal that exist
Q8. From amongst the metals sodium, calcium, in liquid state at room temperature. Also name
aluminium, copper and magnesium, name the two metals having melting point less than 310 K
following: (37°).
() metal that reacts with hot water.
(i) another metal which does not react even with Ans. Mercury (metal) and Bromine (non-metal) exlst in
iquid state at room temperature.
steam.
Two metals with melting point less than 310K are
Ans. () Magnesium reacts with hot water.
() Copper does not react even with steam Gallium(Ga) and Caesium(Cs).
Q9. Why should the metal sulphldes and carbonates Q2. What are amphoteric oxides? Give two examples
be converted to metal oxides In the process of amphoterlc oxides. (NCERT EXERCISE)
extraction of metal from them? Ans. The metal oxides which react with both acids as well
Ans. It ls easler to obtain metal from its oxide. as compared as bases to produce salts and water are known as
to its sulphides and carbonates so metal sulphides amphoteric oxides.
and carbonates should be converted to metal oxides Aluminium oxde and zinc oxide show both acidic as
during extraction. well as basic behaviour and are amphoteric oxides
 03. A metal A, which is used in thermite process,
when heated with oxygen gives an oxide B, which
is amphoteric in nature. Identify A and Write
ZnSO4 LCuso Ab(SOa): FeSO4
down the reactions of oxide B with HCl and NaOH.
(NCERT EXENIPLAR)
Ans. 'A' is aluminium and 'B is Al,O Zn -Zn Zn -Z
(U (u)
Al,O, +6HCI 2AICI, +3H,0 Based on the given information:
Al,0,+ 2NaOH2NaAIO, + H,0 (() In which test tubes would you observe the
deposition of metal on zinc? Give reason.
cOMMON ERROR (ii) Arrange Zn, Cu, Al and Fe in the increasing
Students often write unbolanced chemical equations. order of reactivity.
Ans. 0) We would observe the deposition of metal an zinc
Q4. Keerti added dilute Hydrochloric acid to four in test tubes Il and IV.
metals and recorded her observations as shown in
Reason: Displacement reactions take place in
the table glven below:
test tube ll and IV because Zn is more reactive
Metal Gas Evolved than Cu and Fe. leading to deposition of Cu and
Copper Yes Fe respectively on zinc in test tube l and V.
Iron Ye
(ü) Cu < Fe < Zn < Al is the increasing order of
reactivity.
Magnesium No Q7. Show the formation of Na,0 by transfer of
Zinc Yes electrons.
Select the correct observation(s) and give chemical Ans.
equation(s) of the reaction involved.
(CBSE SQP 2022-23)
TiP
Ans. We know that netals react with acids to give a salt Learn the electronic configuration of metols and
and hydrogen gas Also. copper does not react with understand the concept offormation ofionic compounds.
dilute HCL
Na Na + e"
Therefore. observation () and (v) are correct. 2 a 1 2B
Sodum cation
Chemical Equatlons:
Fe +2HCl’FeCl, + H, 0+ 2e 0
26 2 8
Zn + 2HCl’ZnCl, + H Oxygen anion

Q5. Astudent performs the following four experiments. Na

Na'
Q8. Ametal that exists as a lquld at room temperature
HCL FeSOa -CuSOa AgNO is obtained by heating its sulphide in the presence
of air. ldentify the metal and its ore and give the
B8 reaction involved. (NCERT EXEMPLAR)
Ag Cu AI Au
Test tube I Test tube ll Test tube l Test tube IV
Ang. Mercury is the only metal that exists as Uquid at rOom
Based on the above experiments: temperature. Cinnabar (HgS) is an ore of mercury.
The reactions are as follows:
() In which test tube(s) no reaction occurred? Heat
Give reason. 2Hg5(s)+ 30, (9) 2Hg0(s) +250, (g)
(ü) Arrange the given metal samples in the 2Hg0 (s) Heat
2Hg (0) +0, (9)
increasing order of reactivity.
Ans. ) Reaction does not occur in test tube I. II and IV Q9. The following reaction takes place when aluminium
because a less reactive metal cannot displace
powder Is heated with Mn0,:
a more reactive metal from its compounds in
solution form 3Mn0,(s) +4Al(s)--Mn) +2Al,0,() +Heat
() Au <Ag_<Cu < Al is the increasing order of () Is aluminium getting reduced?
reactivity. (i) Is Mn0, getting oxidised?
Ans. () No. because oxygen is added to aluminium
Q6. Zinc granules were added to zinc sulphate, copper
therefore. it is getting oxidised
sulphate, aluminium sulphate and Iron sulphate (ü) No. since manganese has lost oxygen therefore.
solutions as shown in the given test tubes:
it is getting reduced.
Q10. Compound X and aluminlum are used to join (1) Magnesium Is a Metal:
railway tracks. (a) It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
() ldentify the compound X. (b) It is malleable andductile.
() Name the reaction. (c) It forms basic oxides.
(i) Write down its reaction.
Ans. (0) The compound 'X is iron () oxide (Fe,0). ZMg +O ’ 2Mg0
Mg0 + Hy0 ’ Mg (OH),
(ii) The reaction is known as thermite reaction.
hlagnesium hydroxide
MgO is basic in nature.
(uw) Fe,0, (s)+ 2Al (s)2Fe()+ AL,0, (s) +Heat
Q3. Explain the following statements:
T0P (0) Most metal oxides are insoluble in water but
Practice all the reactions used for obtaining metals of some of these dissotve in water. What are these
oxldes and thelr solutions in water called?
low, medium and high reoctivity.
(1) At ordinary temperature, the surface of metals
Q11 During extraction of metals, electrolytic refining Is such as magnesium, aluminium, zinc, etc. is
used to obtain pure metals. covered with athin layer. What is the composition
of this layer? State its Importance.
() Which material will be used as anode and (üü) Some alkali metals can be cut with a knife.
cathode for refñning of silver metal by this (CBSE 2016)
process?
Ans. () These oxides are called basic oxides and solution
(i) Suggest a suitable electrolyte also. of these metal oxides in water is called alkali.
(ii) In this electrolytic cell, where do we get pure
e.g. NaOH (Sodium hydroxide).
silver after passing electric current? (0) This layer is called oxide layer. It makes the metal
Ans. () In electrolytic refining, impure silver is made the less reactive and prevents further oxidation. Due
anode and a thin strip of pure silver is made the to this layer. the metal cannot get corroded and
cathode. remains intact
(ii) Asolution of silver salt (üke AgNO,) is Used as (i) Some alkal metals can be cut with a knife be
an electrolyte. cause they are very soft and have low densities.
() Pure silver Is deposited on the cathode in this e.g. Sodium, potasslum. lithium etc.
electrolytic cell Q4. Of the three metals X, Yand Z. X reacts with cold
water. Y with hot water and Z with steam only.
- Short Answer Type-llQuestions ldentify X, Yand Z and also arange them in order
Q1 Write one example of each of the following:
of increasing reactivity.
Ans. Metals ike potassium and sodiun react with cold
() Most malleable metal and most ductile metal. water. So. X is Kor Na.
(i) The best conductor of heat and the poorest Magnesium reacts with cold water. so. Yis Mg, Metals
conductor of heat. Uke aluminium. Iron and zinc reacts with steam So.
(i) A metal with hlghest melting point and a Zis AL Fe or Zn
metal with lowest melting polnt. (caSE 2016) Increasing order of Reactivity:
Ans. () Gold is the most malleable and the most ductile K> Na>Mg > Al> Zn> Fe
metal
(0) Silver 0s the best conductor and lead Is the cOMMON ERROR
poorest conductor of heat. Most students commit errors in writing the corect order
(l) Tungsten has the highest melting point and of reoctivity of metals.
mercury has the lowest melting point.
05. State which of the following chemical reactions
q2. State three reasons for the following facts: will take place giving suitable reason for each.
(0) Sulphur is a non-metalL
() Zn(s) + CuS0, (ag) (i) Fe(s) + ZnsO.(oq)
(ii) Magnesium is a metal. (ii) Zn(s) + FeS0(aq)
One of these reasons must be supported with a Ans. ()) Reactian will take place because Zn is above Cu in
chemical equation. (CBSE 2015)
the activity series and is more reactive than Cu.
Ans. (i) Sulphur is a Non-metal:
(Y) Itisapoor conductorof heat and electricity.
Zn(s) +CuS0, (oq) Cu(s) +Zr50, (og)
Reaction wll not take place as Fe ls below Zn in
(b) It is neither malleable nor ductile.
the activity seriesand cannot displace Zn from
(c) It forms acidic oxides. its solution.
S+0, ’ S0, (ii) Reaction will take place because Zn is more reac
S0, +H,0 ’ H,S0, (Sulphurous acid) tive than Fe.
50, is an acidic oxide. Zn(s) +Fe50.(oq) Fe(s) +Zn50.(a)
Q6. An element 'M' with electronic configuratlon 2, 8, Ans.
3combines separately with CI so anions. Write
the chemical formulae of the compounds formed. Basis of
Predict with the suitable reason the nature of Difference Roasting Calcination
the bond formed by element 'M in general. How Use This is used for sulphide This is used for
will the electrical conductivity of the compounds ores. carbonate ores.
formed vary with respect to'M? (CaSE SQP 2023-24)
ProcesS The ore heated The ore is heated
Ans. SymboW M C Symbo/ M SO. strongly in the pres-strongly in imited
Formula Formula ence of excess air. air

Charge Charge Chemical

Formula MCL, Formula: M, (S0)3 Equation 2Zns(s) +30,(g)-" Znco,(s)
Huat

M in general fornms ionic bond It can acquire a stable

electronic configuration of neon (2. 8) by losing its 2ZnO(s)+ 250, (9) ZO(s) +CO, (9)
three valence electrons to form M cation The metal oxides obtained after roasting/calcination
Compounds formed will conduct electricity in molten of the ore are reduced to the corresponding metal
state but not in solid state in contrast to 'M.
by using suitable reducing agents such as carbon
Q7. ) Show diagrammatically the electrons between Chemical equation:
the atoms in the formation of Mg0. Write
symbols of cation and anion present in Mg0. Zn0(s) +C(s)’Zn(s) +colg)
(ü) Name the solvent in which lonic compounds Q10. The given reaction shows one of the processes to
are generally soluble. extract the metals ike Iron and Manganese.
(i) Why are aqueous solution of lonic compounds MnO,(s) +Al(s)’ Mn() +Al,0,(s) +Heat
able to conduct electricity? (0) Give reason why the above reaction is known as
a thermite reaction.
Ans. () Mg: (Mg0: (i) ldentify the substance oxldised and reduced in
MgO contains Mgas cation and 0 as anion the above reaction.
(i) lonic compounds are generally soluble in water. (üi) Give a reason why aluminium is preferably used
(ii) This is because aqueous solution consists of
in thermite reactions. (CBSE SQP 2023-24)
ions which can move freely and are responsible
Ans. 0) The given reaction is known as thermite reaction
for conduction of electricity.
because the reaction is highly exothermic. in
TiP which a large amount of heat is evolved
Learn the properties of ionic compounds with proper () Al(s) is oxidised and MnO,(s) is reduced
justificotion. (iii) Aluminium is preferably used in thermite
reactions as it is more reactive than manganese.
Q8. Suggest a method of reduction for the following Also. the oxides of manganese are not
metals during their metallurgical processes:
satisfactorily reduced by carbon
(0) Metal'A'which is at one of the last, second or Q11 A reddish-brown metal 'X, when heated In alr,
third position in the reactivity.
gives a black compound 'Y, whlch when heated in
(iü) Metal "B which gives vigorous reaction even
with water and air. presence of H, gas glves 'X back. 'X is refined by
the process of electrolysis; this refined form of 'X
(tiü) Metal 'C which is kept in the mlddle of the
is used in electrical wiring.
activity series.
Ans. (i) 'A can be obtained by just heating in air.
Identify 'X and'Y.Draw a welU-4abelled dlagram to
represent the process of refining X.
(ü) 'B can be obtained by the method of electrolytic
reductlon (CBSE SQP 2023-24)

(i) 'C can be reduced by using suitable reducing Ans. 2Cu +0, Heal 2Cu0
Rcddish Black
Compound
agents such as carbon, aluminium. etc. brown
mtal K)
09. With the help of suitable chemical equations,
list the two main differences between roasting Xis copper metal
and Yis copper oxdde
and calcination. How is metal reduced from the
product obtained after roasting/calcination of the TiP
ore? Write the chemical equation for the reaction Proctice drawing well-lobelled diogram of electrolytic
involved. (C8SE 2023) refining of copper.
 Electrolytic Refining of Copper: exothermic The amount of heat evolved is
so large that the metals are produced in the
Key molten state and is thuS USed to oln cracked
machine parts.
Calhode Anode Q2. A metal 'M is stored under kerosene. It vigorously
catches fire, if a small piece of this metal is kept
Acidified copper open in air. Dissolution of this metal In water
sulphale soluion releases great amount of energy and the metal
catches fire. The solution so formed turns red
itmus blue.

- -Tank
() Name the metal 'M.
(iü) Write formula of the compound formed when
this metal is exposed to air.
Ct
() Why is metal 'M stored under kerosene?
(v) Ifoxide of this metal is treated with hydrochloric
Impurilies acid, what would be the products?
(anode mud)
(V) Write balanced equations for:
Reaction for Electrolytic Refining: (a) Reaction of 'M with air.
At cathode: Cu? (og) +2eCu (s) (b) Reaction of'M with water.
At anode: Cu (s) Cu' (oq) 2e (c) Reaction of metal oxide with hydrochlorlc
acid. (CBSE 2020)
-E Long Answer Type Questions Ans. () The metal 'M is sodium (Na).
(i) Formula of the compound formed is Na,0.
Q1 () List in tabular form three chemical properties on (üi) Sodium reacts with oxygen so fast that it catches
the basis of which we can differentiate between fireeif
kept O So. It ont
Is always kept Immersed
a metal and a non-metal.
(ü) Give reasons for the following:
in kerosene oil accidental
fire.
(iv) Sodium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acld to
(a) Most metals conduct electricity well. produce sodium chloride and water.
(b) The reaction of iron (lll) oxide (Fe,0,] with (v) (a) Reaction wlth air. 4Na +0, -2Na,0
heated aluminium is used to join cracked
machine parts. (C8SE 2019) (b) Reaction with water:
Ans. 2Na(s) +2H,0 (0) - 2NaOH(0q) +H, (9)
TiP (c) Reaction of sodium oxide with HC:
+Heat energy
Learn and understand the difference between metols
ond non-metals on the basis of their physicol ond Na,0 (s)+ 2ZHCI (oq) --2NaCl (oq) +H,o(0)
chemical propertles.
Q3. ) By the transfer of electrons, illustrate the
() Difference between metals and non-metals on formation of bond in magnesium chloride and
the basls of chermical properties are: identify the ions present in this compound.
Basis of (i) lonic compounds are solds. Give reasons.
Metal Non-metal
No Difference (i) With the help of a labelled dlagram show the
1. Nature Metals are Non-metals are experimental set up of action of steam on a
metal (CBSE 2020)
electropositive electronegative
and form cations and form anions Ans. 0) Mg + 2e
28.2
Mg?
28
2 Reaction with They react with They react with
oxides OxVgen to form oxygen to form (Magnasium caion)
basic oxides acidic or neutral
2 0.a
oxides (Chioride anion)
3. Reaction with They react with They do not
dilute acids dilute acids to react with dilute ci:
form a salt and acids as they are Mgi
evolve hydrogen incapable to
gas. displace hydrogen i:
(u) (a) Metals are good conductors of electricity (ü) lonic compounds are soids because of the
because they contain free electrons which strong force of attraction between the positive
can move easily through the metal and and negative ions.
conduct electricity. (u) Metals Uke aluminium, Iron and zinc react with
(b) It is a displacement reaction which is highly steam to form the metal oxide and hydrogen
 Matal samplo
a strong oxidising agent The layer of aluminium
Hydrogen
GlantIool
wDalod in Baling oxide prevents further reaction ofaluminium due
lubo Glass to which the reactivity of aluminlum decreases.
tube
(ili) Because these metals are highly reactive and
-Cork Waler. readily react with atmospheric oxygen and other
Clamp
Burnar gases.
Sland Detrery (iv) Element Z EC
tubo
Ca 20 2 8 8 2
7 28 7

Action of Stoam on a Motal

cOMMON ERROR or Ca 2CI or CaCl,

Students drow incorrect diogram and they lobel some (v) Carbon cannot reduce the oxides of Na or Mg
irrelevant parts. because these metals have more affinity for
04. (0) Write electron dot structures of Ca (At. no. 20) oxygen than
carbon.
and 0 (At. no. 8). Q6. Write balanced chemical equations to explain
(Ü) Show the formation of calcium oxide by transfer what happens, when:
of electrons. () Mercuric oxide is heated.
(üi) Name the ions present in this compound. (ii) Mixture of cuprous oxide and cuprous sulphide
(tv) List four important characteristics of this is heated.
compound. (CBSE 2020) (ii) Aluminium is reacted with manganese dioxide.
Ans. Electronic configuration of Ca =2. B. 8.2 and 0 =26 (v) Ferric oxide is reduced with aluminlum.
(0) Electron dot structures: (v) Zinc carbonate undergoes calcination.
(CBSE 2020)
Ca:
Ans. () 2HgO(s)Hoat, 2Hg () +0, (g)
Herruric Ihercury
(ti) adde metal
Heat
(iiü) lons present in this compound are calcium ions () 2Cu,0(s) +Cu,s (s) 6Cu(s) +S0, (g)
(Ca')and oxygen lons (0) Cuprous
gxide
Cuprous
sulphide
Copper
metal
Sulphur
dicide
(iv) Four important characteristics of Ca0 are:
(a) It is soid and hard. (ii) 3Mn0, (s)+ 4AL (s)
(b) It has high melting and boling points Aanganese
dodde
Aluminium
powder
(c) It is soluble in wate.
’ 3Mn (0) +2AL,0, (s) + Heat
(d) It conducts electricity in molten state. hlanganese Alurminurn
metal odde
Q5. Explain the following:
0) Sodlum chloride is an lonlc compound which (iv) Fe,0,
Ferrik
(s)+ 2AL (s)
Alumirium
does not conduct electricity in solid state powder
whereas it does conduct electricity in molten 2Fe (0) +Al,0, (s) + Heat
state as well as in aqueous solution.
Iron metal Alumini
inium
(ii) InReactivity of aluminium decreases if it is dipped
nitric acld.
(I4olten) oxide

(iü) Metals like calcium and magnesium are never Calcination

(v) ZnCO3 (s) Heat
+Zn0 (s) +cO, (9)
found in their free state in nature. Carbon
carbonate oxkde dioxdde
(iv) The formation of calcium chloride with the
help of electron dot structure. (At. numbers : Q7. (0) Write the steps involved in the extraction of
Ca 20; Cl =17) pure metals in the middle of the activity series
() Carbon cannot reduce the oxides of Na or Mg. from their carbonate ores.
(CaSE 2019) (ü) How is copper extracted from its sulphide ore?
Ans. (0) Sodlum chloride is an lonic compound formed Explain the various steps supported by chemical
by ions of sodium (Na*) and chlorine (C). In equations. Draw labelled diagram for the
solid state. ions are fixed in position so no free electrolytic refining of copper. (CBSE 2018)
electrons are available to conduct electricity. Ans. () The different steps involved in the extraction of
Whereas in molten state and aqueous solution pure metal in the middle of the activity series
of sodium chloride. free electrons are available from their carbonate ores are:
to conduct electricity (a) Calcination: The cartbonate ores are
(1) When aluminium is dipped in nitric acid. a layer of changed into oxides by heating strongly in
aluminium oxide is formed because nitric acid is limited air.
 (b) Roduction: The metal oxides are then Two propertles of alloys are:
reduced to corresponding metals by using (a) They are stronger than the metal from
sultable reducing agents. whlch they are made.
(c) Purification: The impure metals thus b) They are more resistant to corroslon.
obtained are purified by electrolytic Q9. What is meant by rusting? With labelled diagrams,
refining describe an activity to find out the conditions
under which iron rusts.
(0) The sulphide ores are first converted into oxides
Ans. Rusting: The process in which iron reacts with oxygen
by heating strongly in the presence of excess air
which is known as roasting in the presence of molsture to form a reddish-brown
Heat coating of hydrated ferric oxide (Fe,0,.x H0) is
2Cu,s (s)+30, (g) +2Cu,0 (s) +250, (9) called rusting,
The obtained oxide reacts with remaining Cu,S to Activity:
glve copper metal
Heat
0) Take three boiling tubes A Band C
2Cu,o(s) +Cu,s(s)- +6Cu (s) +50, (g) (i0) Pour sorme water in test tube A Put iron nails in
This reaction is known as auto-reduction. The it and cork it.
obtained metal is then purified by electrolytic (i) Pour boiled distilled water In test tube B and
refining put iron nails in it. Add 1 mL of oil in it so that
TiP oil floats over water to prevent the air from
entering in.
Understanding ond making pointS of each technique A
used to extract metals is the best way to avoid mistakes
and confuslons. -(D 4)
Labelled diagram to show electrolytic refining of +Air Dry air
Layer of
copper. oll which
Battery prownts
the entry
of alr
Rusty
iron
nals
Water -Anhydrous
Anode Cathodo alGum
(pure copper strip) Bolled and distiled water chloride
(mpure
coppor
strip) (iv) Take some more iron nails in test tube C and
Copper sulphate put some anhydrous calcium chloride in it and
Anodo mud soluion (ocicifiod)
(Ompurities)
tighten a cork on it
(v) Leave all the three test tubes for a day and then
Q8. (i) Write chemical equations for the following observe the changes.
reactions:
Observation: Iron nails get rusted in test tube A
(a) Calcium metal reacts with water.
because both air and water are present in it. Iron
(b) Cinnabar is heated in the presence of air. nalls do not get rusted in test tube B because there
(c) Manganese dioxide is heated with aluminium 0s water but no air. In test tube C. rusting will not take
powder. place because there is neither air nor water.
(ii) What are alloys? List tvo properties of alloys. Concluslon: Iron gets rusted in the presence of alr
(C8SE 2019) and water.
Ans. (0) (a)
Ca (s) + 2H,0(0) Q10. () Define corrosion.
Calciurm
’ Ca(OH), (aq) H,(g) (ii) What is corrosion of iron called?
Watgr Calcium hydrgido Hydrogen
(cold) (ii) How will you recognise the corrosion of slver?
(b) ZHgS(s) " 30, (g) 2Hg0 (s) " 250,(9) (iv) Why corrosion of iron is a serious problem?
Cinnabar lhercury 00) zide (v) How can we prevent corrosion of iron?
(CSE 2016)
(c) BMn0,(s) + 4AI(s) ’ 3Mn(0) + 2AL,0,(s)
Manganese Aluninium AManganese Aluminium Ans. () Corrosion is a slow process of eating away of
ioide povder gxido
metals by the reaction of atmospherlc alr and
(0) Alloys are the homogeneous mixture of two moisture.
or more metals or a metal and a non-metal (0) Corrosion of iron is called rusting
 cOMMON ERROR (v) Corrosion of iron makes the metal weak as well
as brittle which isa serious problem
Students stort explaining rusting of iron, insteod ofJust (v) Corrosion of iron can be prevented by oiling,
noming the process.
(ui) Corrosion of sllver can be recognised by the
painting, greasing, galvanisation, chrome plating
or alloying
appearance of black layer on its surface due to
the formnation of Ag,5

Chapter Test
Multiple Choice Questions Q3. What happens when calcium is treated with water?
Q1 Observe the given reactions and answer the () t does not react with water.
question that follows: (ü) It reacts violently with water.
Na Na+e (ii) It reacts less violently with water.
(1, 8, 7) (2. 8) (v) Bubbles of H, gas formed stick to the surface of
calcium.
(2,8,8) a. () and (iv) b. () and ()
c ) and (1) d (i) and (iv)
Mg Mg+2e Q4. The electrical conductivity and melting point of an
(2,8,2) (2,8)
alloy is:
Which of the following are correct representations a. less than that of pure metal
for the ionic compounds formed of these ions? b. more than that of pure metal
a
C. equal to that of pure metal
d. electrical conductivity is less and melting point is
more than that of pure metal
b. Assertion and Reason Type Questions
Directions (0. Nos. 5-6): Eoch of the following questions
consists of two statements, one is Assertion (A) and the other
is Reason (R). Give onswer:
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
d
and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
Q2. Clean small pleces of magnesium, zinc, aluminium, b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
Iron and copper by rubbing them with a plece of but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of
sand paper. Take them in separate test tubes. Add Assertion (A).
about 10 m of dilute hydrochloric acid to each of c Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
them. d. Assertion (A) Is false but Reason (R) is true.
Q5. Assertion (A): Mg0 exists in liquid state.
Reason (R): The electrostatic forces of atraction
between Mg2 andand 0 jons constitute ionic bond.
Q6. Assertion (A): Zinc is used in the galvanisation of
Mg Al Zn Cu Fe iron.
ldentify the correct statement(s). Reason (R): Its coating on iron articles increases
) The rate of evolution of hydrogen gas bubbles their life by protecting iron from rusting.
is not same in all the test tubes. Case Study Based Question
(i) The rate of formation of bubbles is the fastest
in the case of magnesium. Q7. The chemical properties of metals are mostly
(iii) The reactivity decreases in the order: linked with the clectron releasing tendency of
Mg > Zn > Al > Fe > Cu their atoms. Greater the tcndency, more will be the
(iv) In the case of copper, no bubbles are seen and reactivity of the metal. They react with oxygen,
the temperature also remains unchanged. This water, acids, etc. Since they can lose electrons,
shows that copper does not react with dilute
HCL they act as reducing agents. Some rcactions of
a (ü) and (iv) b. (in) and (iv) metals are given as:
c Only (ii) d. (0). (i) and (iv) Metal + Oxygen ’ Metal oxide
 Metal + Water >Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen Short Answer Type-I Questions
Melal + Acid ’ Metal salt + Hydrogen Q13. State the conditions under which the following
(diluic) metals react with water. Write chemical equatlon
Metal X + Salt solution of metal Y ’ for its reaction with each: (a) Na (b) Mg (c) Fe
Salt solution of Metal X+ Metal Y Q14. (0) Write the electron dot structure of calcium (20)
(Displacement reaction) and sulphur (16).
Read the above passage carefully and give the (i) Show the formation of Cas by transfer of
answer of the following questions: electrons.
) Metals such as.......a.nd.....a.ct so vigorously () State two physical propertles of Cas.
that they catch fire if kept in the open. Hence, to Q15. Distinguish between the following:
protect them and to prevent accidental fires, they () Electrolytic reduction and electrolytic refining
are kept immersed in.... (i) Minerals and ores
a. phosphorus, magneslum, water (i) Alloys and amalgams.
b. sodium. potassium. kerosene oil Long Answer Type Questions
C. sodium. potassium. water
d. tin. lead. alcohol Q16. Sample pieces of five metals, A, B, C, D and E are
(ii) Which of the following pairs will give dlsplacement added to the tabulated solutlons separately. The
reaction? results observed are shown in the table glven
a. NaCl solution and copper metal below:
b. MgCl,solution and aluminiurm metal Solutlon
c. FeSO, solution and silver metal Metal FeSO CuSO, ZnSO, AgNO, Al(S0),
d. AgNO, solution and copper metal A No Acoating No
(ii) There are four metals K, L, Mand N. Identify them change on metal change
by using the hints given below. 8 Grey Brown No Acoating No
Kforms basic oxide. depositcoating change on metal change
Lforms amphoteric oxide. No No No No No
Oxlde of M dissolves in water to fom alkal. change change change changechange
N does not react with water at all. No No Acoating No
a. K’Zn. L ’ AL M’Na, N’Fe change change on metal change
b. K’ Fe. L ’ Na. M’K. N’Zn E Brown New New No
c. K’K. L’Cu. M’ Pb. N’ Na coating coating coatingchange
d. K’Cu, L ’ Zn, M ’K, N’ Pb Based on the observations recorded in the table
(iv) Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc answer the following questions:
because: (0) Which is the most reactive metal?
a. zinc is costier than tin (i) Which is the least reactive metal?
b. zinc has a higher melting polnt than tin (i) What would be observed if metal D was added
C. zinc is more reactive than tin
d. zinc Is less reactive than tin to a solution of copper(l) sulphate?
(v) What would be observed if metal E was added
Very Short Answer Type Questions to a solution of iron(ll) sulphate?
(v) Arrange the metals A, B, GD and E in order of
Q8. Name two metals which react with dilute HNO, to decreasing reactivity.
evolve Hgas. Q17. Give reasons for the following:
Q9. Make a distinction between metals and non-metals () Sodium hydroxide solution cannot be kept In
with respect to the nature of their oxide. aluminium contalners.
Short Answer Type-IQuestions () Sitver metal does not combine easily with
Q10. Differentiate between roasting and calcination. oxygen but silver jewellery tarnishes after
Glve examples. some time.
Q1L (0) in electrolytic refining of impure copper metal, (ui) Sodlum is obtalned by the electrolysis of its
what are used as cathode and anode? molten chlorlde and not from its aqueous
solution.
(i) Show the formation of KCl from potassium and (iv) Aluminium reacts with dilute HCl slowy in the
chlorine atoms. beginning.
Q12. Name two metals that start floating after sometime () Hydrogen is not a metal but has been assigned
when immersed in water and explain why they do a place in the reactivity serles of metals.
So.