12

Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Media and Information Sources
Media and Information Literacy– Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 4: Media and Information Sources
First Edition, 2019

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Assistant Secretary: Alma Ruby C. Torio

Development Team of the Module

Author: Romalyn A. Rizardo
Editor: Krislene C. Dela Cruz
Reviewers: Mary Ann A. Javier, Amalia C. Solis and Julius J. Jardiolin
Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director
Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief

Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS In-Charge of LRMS

Micah S. Pacheco, Regional ADM Coordinator
Aida H. Rondilla, CID Chief
Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS In-Charge of LRMS and
ADM Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Office Address: DepEd Complex, Meralco Ave., Pasig City, Metro Manila
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8638-7529 |
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E-mail Address: action@deped.gov.ph
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written to help you acquire the skills in finding
accurate and relevant information sources. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary levels of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course but the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. contrast indigenous media to the more common sources of information such
as library, internet, etc. (MIL11/12MIS-IIIe-13) (MIL11/12MIS-IIIe-14)

What I Know

Write letter that corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. This means that there is no abuse of resources and various strategies are
utilized to avoid risks.
a. diversified production systems
b. restraint in resource exploitation
c. locally appropriate
d. respect for nature
2. There are strong family and community ties, and with them feelings of
obligation and responsibility to preserve the land for future generations.
a. dependent on nature for survival
b. flexible
c. locally appropriate
d. social responsibility
3. Indigenous knowledge means adapting to new circumstances and being
open to outside knowledge.
a. diversified production systems
b. flexible
c. locally appropriate
d. respect for nature
4. Production is for survival needs only; what is taken from the environment
are only those that are necessary for immediate survival.
a. restraint in resource exploitation
b. dependent on nature for survival
c. social responsibility
d. respect for nature
5. Indigenous knowledge signifies a way of life that has advanced with the local
conditions.
a. locally appropriate
b. diversified production systems
c. flexible
d. respect for nature
6. This refers to the distinctive knowledge kept to a specific group of people.
a. cultural knowledge
b. indigenous knowledge
c. internet
d. library
7. The following are other terms used to refer to indigenous knowledge EXCEPT
a. local knowledge
b. folk knowledge
c. people’s knowledge
d. basic knowledge
8. This is a source of information generated through a systematic process of
observing local conditions, experimenting with solutions and readapting
previously identified solutions to modified environmental, socio-economic
and technological situations.
a. cultural knowledge
b. indigenous knowledge
c. internet
d. library
9. This library services refers to managing the library and services, conveying
a. administrative services
b. computer services
c. user services
d. technical services
10. This source of information is a “network of networks” that consists of
millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks.
a. library
b. ICT
c. internet
d. indigenous knowledge
11. These sources of information are materials from a certain period of time
which have not been filtered, modified through analysis, interpretation or
evaluation.
a. library sources
b. primary sources
c. secondary sources
d. tertiary sources
12. These sources of information are materials from a certain period of time
which have not been filtered, modified through analysis, interpretation or
evaluation.
a. library sources
b. primary sources
c. secondary sources
d. tertiary sources
13. What source of information can the minutes of meetings, conferences and
symposia be classified?
a. library sources
b. primary sources
c. secondary sources
d. tertiary sources
14. Where can directories and yearbooks be classified?
a. library sources
b. primary sources
c. secondary sources
d. tertiary sources
15. Alethia prepared her film review of The Maleficent 2? What information
source can her work be classified?
a. library sources
b. primary sources
c. secondary sources
d. tertiary sources
 Lesson Media and Information
1 Sources

In looking for any information, the main considerations are, “What type of
information is needed? Where are these information found?” Acquiring the skill to find
the source of information aids you in discovering and enhancing more skills in 21st
century learning.

What’s In

Let’s recall what you have learned from the previous lesson about the types of
media. Match the sample media in column A to the types of media in column B.

Column A Column B
1. blog a. text media
2. infographics b. visual media
3. vlog c. audio
4. voice recording d. multimedia
5. magazines e. new media
6. photography
7. cartoons
8. radio drama
9. newspaper
10. podcasts
 What’s New

How well do you know?

How well do you know our indigenous groups? Identify the tribe known for the
practices below.

1. They have the binukot (secluded) which refers a. Aetas

to the most beautiful girls of a community who b. Atis of Panay
are kept isolated by their families until they c. Badjaos
can be married off. d. Lumad tribes
2. Their farming system includes the payoh (rice e. Igorot
terraces, muyung (wood lot) and uma f. Hiligaynon tribe
(swidden). g. Hanunuo
3. They are first to practice slash and burn Mangyan
system in the country.
4. They observe the practice of “kutkot” where
they literally dig up the remains of a loved one
a year after his/her death and dress it up in
clothes
5. Their tribal music is produced by musical
instruments they’ve created.
6. They are also known as a sea tribe.
7. They are known as a tribe skilled in weaving
and plaiting.

Processing:

• What is the source of the information mentioned above?

• How are these sources of information classified?

 What is It

Media and Information Sources

Determining the type of information, you need or hope to find will help in
locating appropriate sources of information and having access to them. There are
three main sources of information: the indigenous knowledge, library and internet.
In many instances, sources of information are also classified as primary, secondary
and tertiary.

A. Indigenous Knowledge

Figure 1: A group of Igorot pottery makers from Samoki, Mountain Province (c. 1910)
Courtesy to: https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/18246004349/

Indigenous knowledge is the distinctive knowledge kept to a specific group of

people. Local knowledge, folk knowledge, people’s knowledge, traditional wisdom or
traditional science are other terms used for it (Senanayak, 2006). Communities
generate and transmit this knowledge in certain periods with the purpose of being
able to adjust with their agricultural, ecological and socio-economic environments
(Fernandez, 1994). Meanwhile, according to Brouwers (1993), indigenous knowledge
is “generated through a systematic process of observing local conditions,
experimenting with solutions and readapting previously identified solutions to
modified environmental, socio-economic and technological situations”. It usually
becomes the basis of a certain community for their daily life. Indigenous knowledge
is transferred from one generation to another, either orally (oral tradition) or through
cultural rituals. Oral traditions involve legends, folktales, epics, myths and folk
songs.
Furthermore, Dewalt (1994) identified certain topographies of indigenous
knowledge which are very significant in conservation and sustainable growth:
• Locally appropriate. Indigenous knowledge signifies a way of life that has
advanced with the local conditions.
• Restraint in resource exploitation. Production is for survival needs only; what
is taken from the environment are only those that are necessary for immediate
survival.
 • Diversified production systems. There is no abuse of resources; various
strategies are utilized to avoid risks.
• Respect for nature. A ‘conservation ethic’ often exists. Here, the land is treated
as sacred.
• Humans are dependent on nature for survival. All species are interrelated;
hence, one affects the other.
• Flexible. Indigenous knowledge means adapting to new circumstances and
being open to outside knowledge.
• Social responsibility. There are strong family and community ties, and with
them feelings of obligation and responsibility to preserve the land for future
generations.

B. Library
As defined in Cambridge Dictionary, A library is “a building, room, or
organization that has a collection especially of books, music, and information that
can be accessed by computer for people to read, use, or borrow”.
Aside from books and journals, libraries also house advanced e-resources.
Most libraries offer the following services:
• User services function in linking people to the information they are looking
for.
• Technical services function in gathering, cataloging, and preparing library
materials.
• Computer services function in maintaining databases, software programming,
web page design, etc. in the library.
• Administrative services function in managing the library and services,
conveying contracts with sellers, supervising library employees, and preparing
budgets.

In addition, libraries are classified as academic, public, school and special.

• Academic libraries attend to colleges and universities.
• Public libraries attend to cities and towns of all types.
• School libraries attend to students from Kindergarten to Grade 12.
• Special libraries are located in specific environments (i.e. hospitals,
corporations, museums, military, private business).

C. Internet
As defined in the Oxford Dictionary, Internet is “a global computer network
providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of
interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols”.
Essays, UK (2018) describes internet as a “network of networks” that consists
of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks.
Internet is also defined as the “worldwide publicly accessible network of
interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the
standard Internet Protocol (IP)” (Meriam Dictionary). It transmits information stored
in files or documents on one computer to another computer. It transfers together
several information and services, such as file transfer, electronic mail, interlinked
web pages, online chat, and other documents of the World Wide Web. It has to be
clarified that the internet itself does not contain information. That is why it is wrong
to say that, “the document was found on the Internet”. It would be more correct to say
it was found through or using the Internet.
Other Classifications of Information Sources

A. Primary Sources of Information:

Primary sources refer to “original materials”. These are materials from a
certain period of time which have not been filtered, modified through analysis,
interpretation or evaluation. Also, primary sources are the bases of other researches.
They are commonly the raw products of written texts (print or electronic format).
Hence, they show original thinking, present a discovery, or impart new information.
The following are examples of primary sources of information:

Artifact. It refers to something Diary. It is a record with distinct entries

made or created by humans, such organized by date reporting on daily
as a tool or a work of art, activities or other periods. It can be
especially an object of personal which may include a person's
archaeological interest. experiences, thoughts, and/or feelings.

Figure 2: 19th century guidon holder Figure 3: This is the last entry from
from the Philippines, wood with traces William Viers Bouic's (my Great Great
of gesso, HAAI Grandfather) law school diary
Source: Source:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/bdorf
man/15846725

Patent. This is the granting of a Audio/ video recording.

right to an inventor by a sovereign
authority. This grant affords the
inventor exclusive rights to the
patented process, design, or
invention for a designated period
in exchange for a comprehensive
disclosure of the invention.

Figure 5: Camera recording

Source: https://www.pikist.com/free-
photo-vvwlt

Figure 4: Patent
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pat
ents.jpg

Other examples of primary sources include: e-mails, interviews, journal

articles, letters, minutes of meetings, conferences and symposia, newspaper articles,
original documents (i.e. birth certificate, marriage certificate), photographs, records
of organizations, research survey results, speeches, works of art, literature,
architecture and music, and websites.
B. Secondary Sources of Information:
Compared to primary sources, secondary sources are not easily defined.
Generally, they are written after an original product which usually aim to give
reflection or analysis. In short, they are analyses, interpretations and evaluations of
primary sources. Secondary sources are not proof, but rather explanation on and
discussion of evidence. Secondary sources may be classified as index type, survey
type and reference type.
• Indexes are typically found as one or more individual volumes at the end of a
set. Examples are index, bibliography, indexing periodicals, and abstracting
periodicals.
• Survey type involves the product of examination or description of someone or
something. Examples are reviews, treatises, and monographs.
• The reference type are materials collected from others’ works such as
encyclopedia, dictionary, handbook, manual and critical tables.

C. Tertiary Sources of information:

Tertiary sources is commonly confused with secondary sources. Tertiary
sources involve information which collects and organizes primary and secondary
sources. Tertiary sources involve bibliography of bibliographies, directories and
yearbooks, guide to literature and list of research in progress.

Assessment

Multiple Choice.

I. Write letter that corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Some Aetas in Pampanga started to adapt changes brought by the
modernization. What characteristic of indigenous knowledge is described?
a. diversified production systems
b. flexible
c. locally appropriate
d. respect for nature
2. The indigenous peoples are keen in their commitment to preserve their
resources. What characteristic of indigenous knowledge is described?
a. restraint in resource exploitation
b. dependent on nature for survival
c. social responsibility
d. locally appropriate
3. The indigenous groups maintain their stand that in any changes, they must
take into consideration the welfare of the community. What characteristic of
indigenous knowledge is described?
a. dependent on nature for survival
b. flexible
c. locally appropriate
d. social responsibility
 4. The local government must ensure that any attempts for advancement should
not sacrifice the land that the indigenous peoples consider as “sacred”. What
characteristic of indigenous knowledge is described?
a. locally appropriate
b. diversified production systems
c. flexible
d. respect for nature
5. Strategies should be utilized to avoid risks in any attempts for development.
What characteristic of indigenous knowledge is described?
a. diversified production systems
b. flexible
c. locally appropriate
d. social responsibility
II. Determine the source of information of the following situations. Choose the letter
of the best answer from the box. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper

a. PRIMARY b. SECONDARY c. TERTIARY.

6. Fille received the proposal letter via electronic mail.

7. Rainier conducted an interview to selected National Artist awardees.
8. Chris compiled bibliographies written about Andres Bonifacio.
9. Risse completed her critique paper on the five Philippine Drama Series in
2019.
10. Miss Maita organized the list of researches based on the year of publication.
11. Marlyn took a video of the entry of Sorsogon’s Pantomina sa Tinampo in the
Guiness Book of Record.
12. Alethia collected and published the photos taken by her mother for a decade.
13. Kia made a list of the poems posted in her blog.
14. Grace received a letter from her best friend.
15. Charie took a video record the oral presentations in the Research Conference
she attended.
What I Know What's More Assessment
1. a 1. Answers may vary 1. b
2. d 2. a
3. b 3. d
4. a 4. d
5. a 5. a
6. b 6. a
7. d 7. a
8. b 8. c
9. a 9. b
10. c 10. c
11. c 11. a
12. b 12. b
13. b 13. b
14. d 14. a
15. c 15. a
What’s In
1. f
2. e
3. b
4. g
5. d
Answer Key
References

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University Library (2019). Accessed November 1, 2019.
https://guides.library.cornell.edu/c.php?g=30898&p=198569
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belongs-to-filipinos-not-to-duterte-china#ixzz642N1jBT2

Ferdinand B. Pitagan, et.al. “Media and Information Literacy”. (Commission on

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265197993_Indigenous_knowled
ge_as_a_key_to_sustainable_development

“Ten Shocking Old-Timey Practices Filipinos Still Do Today.” Accessed November 5,

2019 https://filipiknow.net/old-practices-filipinos-still-do-today/
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Varshney, A. “Information Source”. Library and Information Science. (2011).

Accessed November 2, 2019 http://www.lisbdnet.com/sources-of-
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