Quadratic Equation & Expression

SECTION - 1 : SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS

2
1. The set of all real numbers x for which x – |x + 2| + x > 0, is [JEE 2002 (screening),3]

(A) (–¥, –2) U (2, ¥) (B) (–¥, – 2 ) U ( 2 , ¥)

(C) (–¥, –1) U (1, ¥) (D) ( 2 , ¥)

Ans. (B)
Sol. Case I: When x + 2 ³ 0 i.e. x ³ -2,
Then given inequality becomes
x 2 - ( x + 2) + x > 0 Þ x 2 - 2 > 0 Þ | x |> 2
Þ x < - 2 or x > 2

As x ³ -2, therefore, in this case the part of the solution set is [-2,- 2 ) È ( 2 , ¥).
Case II: When x + 2 £ 0 i.e. x £ -2,
Then given inequality becomes x 2 + (x + 2) + x > 0
2
Þ x 2 + 2 x + 2 > 0 Þ ( x + 1) + 1 > 0, which is true for all real x
Hence, the part of the solution set in this case is (-¥,-2] . Combining the two cases, the solution set is

(-¥,-2) È ([-2,- 2 ] È ( 2 , ¥) = (-¥,- 2 ) È ( 2 , ¥).

2
2. If the quadratic polynomial P(x) = (p – 3)x – 2px + 3p – 6 ranges from [0, ¥) for every x Î R, then the value
of p can be
3
(A) (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 7
2
Ans. (C)
Sol. p > 3
2
4p – 4(p– 3) (3p – 6) = 0
2 2
p – [3p – 6p – 9p + 18] = 0
2
–2p + 15p –18 = 0
2
2p –15 p+18 = 0
(p– 6) (2p – 3) = 0
p=6
2
2 k +1 k+2 æ a ö
3. If the roots of the quadratic equation ax + bx + c = 0 are and , then ç ÷ equals
k k +1 è a + b + c ø
2 2 2 2 2
(A) k (B) (k + 1) (C) (k + 2) (D) k (k + 1)
Ans. (D)

æ k +1ö æ k + 2ö
Sol. ax + bx + c º a ç x - çx -
2
÷ ÷
è k ø è k +1 ø
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Put x = 1 to get
a
a+b+c=
k(k + 1)
2
æ a ö 2 2
\ ç ÷ = k (k + 1) Ans.
èa+b+cø

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JEE-Mathematics
2 2 2
4. If min. (2x – ax + 2) > max. (b – 1 + 2x – x ) then roots of the equation 2x + ax + (2 – b) = 0, are
(A) positive and distinct (B) negative and distinct
(C) opposite in sign (D) imaginary
Ans. (D)
2 2
Sol. Clearly, min.(2x – ax + 2) and max. (b – 1 + 2x – x ) will occur at the vertices of the parabolas

2 2 2 a2
y = 2x – ax + 2 and y = b – 1 + 2x – x respectively, so that min. (2x – ax + 2) = 2 – and
8
2
max. (b – 1 + 2x – x ) = b
a2
Hence, 2 – >b
8
2
Þ 16 – a > 8b
2
Þ a + 8b – 16 < 0
2
Þ a – 4 (4 – 2b) < 0.
2 2
Now, discriminant of 2x + ax + (2 – b) = 0, is a – 4 (4 – 2b), which is less than zero.
2
Hence, all roots of the equation 2x + ax + 2 – b = 0 are imaginary. Ans.

2
5. The following figure shows the graph of f (x) = ax – bx + c. Then which one of the following is correct?
y
f(x)

O x
a b

b
>0
(A) (B) a and c are of opposite sign
c
(C) a and b are of same sign (D) None of these
Ans. (D)
Sol. From above figure, clearly a > 0, c > 0 and b < 0.
Now verify alternatives. Ans.

2
6. If p and q are the roots of the quadratic equation x – (a – 2)x – a = 1 (a Î R), then the minimum value
2 2
of (p + q ) is equal to
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6
Ans. (C)
Sol. We have

x2 – (a – 2)x – (a + 1) = 0

p q

\ p + q = a – 2, pq = – (a + 1)
2 2 2
Now, p + q = (p + q) – 2pq
2
= (a – 2) + 2 (a + 1)
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

2 2
= a – 2a + 6 = (a – 1) + 5
2 2
So, minimum value of (p + q ) = 5. Ans.

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 Quadratic Equation & Expression
7. The product of all values of x which make the following statement true (log3x)(log59) – logx25 + log32 = log354,
is
(A) 5 (B) 5 (C) 5 5 (D) 25
Ans. (C)
Sol. (log3x)(log59) – logx25 + log32 = log354
log x 2log 3 2log 5 log 2
Þ - + = log 3 (18 ´ 3)
log 3 log 5 log x log 3

2log x 2log 5 log 2 log18

Þ - + = +1
log 5 log x log 3 log 3

2 ( log x ) - 2 ( log 5)
2 2
log 2 log 6
Þ + = +2
log x × log 5 log 3 log 3
as t = log x & x > 0 ¹ 1

æ t 2 - ( log 5) 2 ö log 2 log 2

Þ 2ç ÷+ = +3
çè t log 5 ÷ø log 3 log 3

Þ sum of all values of x is 5 5

Þ option 'c' is correct.

2 2
8. If the roots of the equation x – 5x + 16 = 0 are a, b and the roots of the equation x + px + q = 0 are
2 ab
2
(a + b ) and , then- [AIEEE-2002]
2
(A) p = 1 and q = 56 (B) p = 1 and q = –56
(C) p = –1 and q = 56 (D) p = –1 and q = –56
Ans. (D)
Sol. a + b = 5, ab = 16

2 2 2 ab
Roots of equation x + px + q = 0 are a + b and
2
ab
\ a 2 + b2 + =–p
2

2 ab
(a + b) – 2ab + =–p
2

2 16
(5) – 2(16) + =–p
2
25 – 32 + 8 = –p
1 = – p or p = –1

æ ab ö
(a 2 + b2 )ç ÷ =q
è 2 ø
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

(25 – 32)8 = q
(–7)(8) = q
q = –56

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JEE-Mathematics
9. If a and b be the roots of the equation (x – a) (x – b) = c and c ¹ 0, then roots of the equation
(x – a) (x – b) + c = 0 are - [AIEEE-2002]
(A) a and c (B) b and c (C) a and b (D) a + b and b + c
Ans. (C)
2
Sol. Since a, b are zeros of x – (a + b)x + ab = c = 0
So a + b= a + b and ab = ab – c
2
Roots fo equation x – (a + b)x + ab + c = 0
sum of roots = a + b = a + b
Product of roots = + ab + c = ab – c + c
So a and b are roots.

2 2 a b
10. If a = 5a – 3, b = 5b – 3 then the value of + (where a ¹ b) is- [AIEEE-2002]
b a

19 25 19
(A) (B) (C) - (D) None of these
3 3 3
Ans. (A)
2 2
Ans. a = 5a – 3, b = 5b – 3
2 2
a – b = 5(a – b)
a + b= 5
2 2
a b = (5a – 3)(5b – 3)
2
(ab) = 25ab – 15(a + b) + 9
2
(ab) – 25ab + 66 = 0
(ab – 3)(ab – 22) = 0
so ab = 3

a b a 2 + b 2 (a + b)2 - 2ab (5)2 - 2(3) 19

+ = = = =
b a ab ab 3 3

2
11. The number of real solutions of the equation x – 3| x | + 2 = 0, is- [AIEEE-2003]
(A) 4 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 2
Ans. (A)
2 2
Sol. x – 3x + 2 = 0 and x + 3x + 2 = 0
2 2
x – 2x – x + 2 = 0 and x + 2x + x + 2 = 0
x(x – 2) – 1(x – 2) = 0 and x(x + 2) + 1(x + 2) = 0
x = 1, 2 x = –2, –1
4 real solutions

12. The real number x when added to its inverse gives the minimum value of the sum at x equal to-
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) –2 (D) 2 [AIEEE-2003]
Ans. (A)
Sol. AM ³ GM
1
x+ 1
x ³ x×
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

;
2 x
2
1 æ 1 ö
x+ ³ 2; ç x- ÷ ³ 0
x è xø
1
x- = 0 or x = 1
x

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 Quadratic Equation & Expression
13. Let two numbers have airthmetic mean 9 and geometric mean 4. Then these numbers are the roots of the
quadratic equation- [AIEEE-2004]
2 2 2 2
(A) x + 18x – 16 = 0 (B) x – 18x + 16 = 0 (C) x + 18x + 16 = 0 (D) x – 18x – 16 = 0
Ans. (B)
Sol. Let two numbers are a and b
a+b
So = 9 and ab = 4
2
a + b = 18 and ab = 16
2
So equation is x – 18x + 16 = 0

2
14. If (1 – p) is a root of quadratic equation x + px + (1 – p) = 0 then its roots are- [AIEEE-2004]
(A) 0, – 1 (B) – 1, 1 (C) 0, 1 (D) – 1, 2
Ans. (A)
2
Sol. Roots of x + px + (1 – p) = 0 are a and (1 – p)
a + (1 – p) = –p
a = –p + p – 1 = –1
a(1 – p) = (1 – p)
– (1 – p) = (1 – p)
2p = 2
p= 1
So roots are – 1 and 0

2 2
15. If one root of the equation x + px + 12 = 0 is 4, while the equation x + px + q = 0 has equal roots,
then the value of ‘q’ is- [AIEEE-2004]
49
(A) 3 (B) 12 (C) (D) 4
4
Ans. (C)
2
Sol. Since 4 is root of equation x + px + 12
2
\ (4) + 4p + 12 = 0
16 + 4p + 12 = 0
4p = –28
p = –7
2 2
Now equation x + px + q = 0 i.e. x – 7x + q = 0
has equal roots
\ D= 0
2
(–7) – 4q = 0
49 – 4q = 0
49
q =
4

2
16. If value of a for which the sum of the squares of the roots of the equation x – (a – 2)x – a – 1 =0 assume
the least value is- [AIEEE-2005]
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 0 (D) 1
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

Ans. (D)
2
Sol. x – (a – 2)x – (a + 1) = 0
2 2 2
a + b = (a + b) – 2ab
2
= [–(a – 2)] + 2(a + 1)
2
= a + 4 – 4a + 2a + 2
2
= a – 2a + 6
2
= (a – 1) + 5
This is minimum when a – 1 = 0 or a = 1

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JEE-Mathematics
2 2
17. If the roots of the equation x - bx + c = 0 be two consecutive integers, then b – 4c equals-
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) –2 [AIEEE-2005]
Ans. (A)
2
Sol. Let a and a + 1 are roots of x – bx + c = 0
so a + a +1 = b and a(a + 1) = c
2
2a + 1 = b and a + a = c
2 2 2
So b – 4c = (2a + 1) – 4(a + a)
2 2
= 4a + 4a + 1 – 4a – 4a
= 1

3x 2 + 9x + 17
18. If x is real, then maximum value of is- [AIEEE-2006]
3x 2 + 9x + 7
17 1
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D) 41
7 4
Ans. (D)
3x 2 + 9x + 17
Sol. y =
3x 2 + 9x + 7
2
3x (y – 1) + 9x(y – 1) + 7y – 17 = 0
Since x is real so
D³ 0
2
[9(y – 1)] – 4(y – 1)(3)(7y – 17) ³ 0
2 2
81(y – 1) – 12[7y – 17y – 7y + 17] ³ 0
2 2
27y + 27 – 54y – 28y + 96y – 68 ³ 0
2
–y + 42y – 41 ³ 0
2
y – 42y + 41 £ 0
2
y – 41y – 1(y – 41) £ 0 –
y(y – 41) –1(y – 41) £ 0 1 41
(y – 1)(y – 41) £ 0 1 £ y £ 41
So maximum value of y is 41

2
19. If the difference between the roots of the equation x + ax + 1 = 0 is less than 5 , then the set of
possible values of a is [AIEEE-2007]
(A) (–3, ¥) (B) (3, ¥) (C) (–¥, –3) (D) (–3, –2) È (2, 3)
Ans. (D)
2
Sol. x + ax + 1
For diiference of roots less then
5
2 2
(i) (a – b) = (a+b) – 4ab < 5
2
a – 4 < 5
2
a – 9 < 0
+ – +
(a – 3)(a + 3) < 0
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

a Î (–3,3)
–3 3
(ii) D> 0
2
a – 4 > 0
+ – +
(a – 2)(a + 2) > 0 a Î (– µ, -2) È (2, µ)
–2 2
So from (i) and (ii)
a Î (–3, -2) È (2,3)

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 Quadratic Equation & Expression
2 2
20. The value of a for which one roots of the quadratic equation (a – 5a + 3) x + (3a – 1) x + 2 = 0
is twice as large as the other is [AIEEE-2003]
2 1 1 2
(A) - (B) (C) - (D)
3 3 3 3
Ans. (D)
Sol. Let a and 2a are roots of equation
-(3a - 1)
a + 2a =
a 2 - 5a + 3
1 - 3a
so a= 2
3(a - 5a + 3)
2 2
2a = 2
a - 5a + 3
2
æ 1 - 3a ö 1
ç 2 ÷ = 2
è 3(a - 5a + 3) ø a - 5a + 3

(1 - 3a)2 1
= 2
9(a 2 - 5a + 3)2 a - 5a + 3
2 2
1 + 9a – 6a = 9a – 45a + 27
39a = 26
26 2
a= =
39 3

2
21. If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation ax + bx + c = 0 is equal to the sum of the square
a b c
of their reciprocals, then , and are in [AIEEE-2003]
c a b
(A) geometric progression (B) harmonic progression
(C) arithmetic-geometric progression (D) arithmetic progression
Ans. (B)
2
Sol. Let a, b are roots of ax + bx + c = 0
-b c
a+ b= , ab =
a a
1 1
a+ b= 2+ 2
a b
-b a 2 + b 2 (a + b)2 - 2ab
= =
a (ab)2 (ab)2

b2 2c
-
-b a2 a
=
a c2
a2
2
-b b - 2ac
=
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

a c2
2 2 2
–bc = ab – 2a c
-c b 2a
Divide by abc = -
a c b
b c 2a
+ =
c a b
a b c
So , and are in Harmonic progression
c a b

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JEE-Mathematics
2 2
22. If both the roots of the quadratic equation x – 2kx + k + k - 5 = 0 are less than 5, then k lies in the
interval- [AIEEE-2005]
(A) [4, 5] (B) (-¥, 4) (C) (6, ¥) (D) (5, 6)
Ans. (B)
Sol. Roots are less then 5
-b
(i) < 5
2a
2k 5
< 5 or k < 5
2
(ii) f(5) > 0
2
25 – 10k + k + k – 5 > 0
2
k – 9k + 20 > 0
(k – 4)(k – 5) > 0
(–¥, 4) È (5, ¥)
(iii) D > 0
2 2
4k – 4k – 4k + 20 > 0
4k < 20
k < 5
So from (i), (ii) amd (iii)
k lies in interval (–µ, 4)

2 2
23. All the values of m for which both roots of the equation x – 2mx + m – 1 = 0 are greater than –2 but
less than 4, lie in the interval- [AIEEE-2006]
(A) –1 < m < 3 (B) 1 < m < 4 (C) –2 < m < 0 (D) m > 3
Ans. (A)
2 2
Sol. x – 2mx + m – 1
Roots are between –2 and 4

-b
(i) –2 < <4
2a

(2 m )
–2 < < 4
2
–2 < m < 4
2
(ii) f(–2) > 0, 4 + 4m + m – 1 > 0
2
m + 4m + 3 > 0
(m + 1)(m + 4) > 0
So m < –4 or m > –1
f(4) > 0
2
16 – 8m + m – 1 > 0
2
m – 8m + 15 > 0
(m – 3)(m – 5) > 0
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

m < 3 and m > 5

(iii) D> 0
2 2
4m – 4(m – 1) > 0
2 2
4m – 4m + 4 > 0
4> 0
so from (i), (ii) and (iii)
–1 < m < 3

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 Quadratic Equation & Expression
2
24. If the roots of the quadratic equation x + px + q = 0 are tan 30° and tan 15°, respectively then the value
of 2 + q – p is- [AIEEE-2006]
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
Ans. (D)
Sol. tan 15° + tan 30° = –p
tan 15° tan 30° = q

tan15° + tan 30°

tan 45° =
1 - tan15° tan 30°

-p
1 =
1- q
1 – q = – p
p= q – 1
so value of 2 + q – p
= 2 + q – (q – 1)
= 2 + q – q + 1
= 3

25. Let a, b, c be the sides of a triangle. No two of them are equal and l Î R.. If the roots of the
2
equation x + 2(a + b + c)x + 3l(ab + bc + ca) = 0 are real, then [JEE 2006, 3]
4 5 æ1 5ö æ 4 5ö
(A) l < (B) l > (C) l Î ç , ÷ (D) l Î ç , ÷
3 3 è3 3ø è 3 3ø
Ans. (A)
Sol. D³ 0
2
Þ 4(a + b + c) – 12l (ab + bc + ca) ³ 0

a2 + b2 + c2 2
Þ l£ +
3(ab + bc + ca) 3
2 2 2
Since |a – b| < c Þ a + b – 2ab < c ... (1)
2 2 2
|b – c| < a Þ b + c – 2bc < a ... (2)
2 2 2
|c – a| < b Þ c + a – 2ac < b ... (3)
a 2 + b2 + c 2
From (1), (2) and (3), we get <2
ab + bc + ca
2 2 4
Hence l < + Þ l<
3 3 3
2
26. Let a, b be the roots of the equation x – px + r = 0 and a/2, 2b be the roots of the equation
2
x – qx + r = 0. Then the value of 'r' is [JEE 2007]
2 2 2 2
(A) (p – q) (2q – p) (B) (q – p) (2p – q) (C) (q – 2p) (2q – p) (D) (2p – q) (2q – p)
9 9 9 9
Ans. (D)
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

2
Sol. x – px + r = 0 a, b
2
x – qx + r = 0 a/2, 2b
a
Þ a + b = p and + 2b = q
2
2 1
Þ a = (2p – q) and b = (2q – p)
3 3
2
so r = ab = (2p – q) (2q – p)
9

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JEE-Mathematics
SECTION - 2 : MULTIPLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS

x 2 + 34x - 71
27. For x Î R, the expression can not lie between,
x 2 + 2x - 7
(A) (5, 7) (B) (12, 19) (C) (1, 4) (D) (8, 9)
Ans. (AD)

x 2 + 34x - 71
Sol. Let y=
x 2 + 2x - 7
2
Þ (y – 1)x + (2y – 34) x + 71 – 7y = 0 ... (1)
As x is real, so discriminant of equation (1) must be non-negative i.e. D ³ 0
2
Þ (2y – 34) – 4(y – 1) (71 – 7y) ³ 0
2
Þ y – 14y + 45 ³ 0
Þ (y – 9) (y – 5) ³ 0
Hence y Î (– ¥, 5] È [9, ¥)
Now verify alternatives. Ans.

28. In which of the following inequalities, the set of all real values of x is same as the set of all real values of k for
2
which the equation kx – 4x + k = 0 has real roots and satisfying 1 – k £ 0?
2
(A) 0 £ log2x £ 1 (B) x – 3x + 2 £ 0
(C) sin(px) £ 0 in [0, 2] (D) | x – 1 | £ 1
Ans. (AB)
Sol. for real roots D ³ 0
2
Þ 16 – 4k ³ 0
Þ k Î [–2, 2] and 1 – k £ 0
hence k Î [1, 2]
in all the options solution set is x Î [1, 2] È {0}
hence all are correct.

2
29. If the vertex of the parabola y = 3x – 12x + 9 is (a, b), then the parabola whose vertex is (b, a), is(are)
2 2
(A) y = x + 6x + 11 (B) y = x – 7x + 3
2 2
(C) y = – 2x – 12x – 16 (D) y = – 2x + 16x – 13
Ans. (AC)
Sol. We have

-12
a = – =2
2´ 3

144 - 4(3)(9)
b= – =–3
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

4´3
Clearly (A) and (C) have vertex (– 3, 2). Ans.

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 Quadratic Equation & Expression

2 2 5a 2 2 2
30. Let x and y be 2 real numbers which satisfy the equations (tan x – sec y) = – 3 and (– sec x + tan y) = a ,
6
then the value of a can be equal to
2 -2 3 -3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 2 2
Ans. (AD)
Sol. On adding these two equations, we get

2 2 2 2 5 2
(tan x – sec y) + (– sec x + tan y) = a–3+a
6

5 2
Þ –2 = a–3+a
6
2
Hence 6a + 5a – 6 = 0
2
Þ 6a + 9a – 4a – 6 = 0
Þ (2a + 3)(3a – 2) = 0

-3 2
Hence a = or
2 3

31. Let a, b and c be real numbers. Which of the following statement(s) about the equation (x – a)(x – b) = c is/are
incorrect?
(A) If c > 0, then roots are always real. (B) If c > 0, then roots are always non-real.
(C) If c < 0, then roots are always real. (D) If c < 0, then roots are always non-real.
Ans. (BCD)
Sol. Let P(x) = (x – a) (x – b) – c.
Now P(a) = – c, P(b) = – c
P(x)

x=a x=b
x

Graph of P(x), if c > 0

Now verify alternatives.

2
32. If quadratic equation x + 2(a + 2b)x + (2a + b – 1) = 0 has unequal real roots for all b Î R then the possible
values of a can be equal to
(A) 5 (B) – 1 (C) – 10 (D) 3
Ans. (BC)
2
Sol. The quadratic equation x + 2 (a + 2b) + (2a + b – 1) = 0
2
will have unequal real roots, if D = 4(a + 2b) – 4(2a + b – 1) > 0
2 2
Þ a + 4b + 4ab > 2a + b – 1
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

2 2
Þ 4b + (4a – 1)b + (a – 2a + 1) > 0 " b Î R
2 2
\ (4a – 1) – 16 (a – 2a + 1) < 0
2 2
Þ (16a – 8a + 1) – (16a – 32a + 16) < 0
Þ 24a – 15 < 0

15
Hence a < .
24
Now verify alternatives.

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JEE-Mathematics
2 2
33 If all values of x which satisfies the inequality log1/3 (x + 2px + p + 1) ³ 0 also satisfy the inequality
2 2
kx + kx – k £ 0 for all real values of k, then all possible values of p lies in the interval
(A) [– 1, 1] (B) [0, 1] (C) [0, 2] (D) [– 2, 0]
Ans. (ABC)
Sol. We have

( )
log1 / 3 x 2 + 2px + p 2 + 1 ³ 0
2 2
Þ x + 2px + p +1 £ 1
2 2
Þ x + 2px + p £ 0
2
Þ (x + p) £ 0
Þ x = – p.
2 2
Now, x = – p satisfy the inequality, kx + kx – k £ 0
2 2
Þ kp – kp – k £ 0 " k Î R
2 2
Þ – k + (p – p) k £ 0 " k Î R
2 2
Þ k – (p – p) k ³ 0 " k Î R
2 2
then discriminant £ 0 Þ (p – p) £ 0
2
Þ p – p = 0 Þ p = 0, 1.
Now, verify alternatives.

SECTION - 3 : MATRIX - MATCH QUESTIONS

2
34. The expression y = ax + bx + c (a, b, c Î R and a ¹ 0) represents a parabola which cuts the x-axis at the
2
points which are roots of the equation ax + bx + c = 0. Column-II contains values which correspond to the
nature of roots mentioned in column-I.

Column-I Column-II
(A) For a = 1, c = 4, if both roots are greater than 2 then
b can be equal to (P) 4
(B) For a = –1, b = 5, if roots lie on either side of –1 then
c can be equal to (Q) 8
(C) For b = 6, c = 1, if one root is less than –1 and the
-1
other root greater than then a can be equal to (R) 10
2
(S) no real value

Ans. (A)- (S); (B)- (Q,R); (C)- (P)

2
Sol. (A) We have f(x) = x + bx + 4
2
\ D ³ 0 Þ b – 16 > 0 x OR x
2 2
Þ b Î (– ¥, – 4] È [4, ¥)
and f(2) > 0
Þ 4 + 2b + 4 > 0 Þ b > – 4
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

-b
Also 2< Þ 4 < – b Þ b < – 4.
2
Hence b Î f.

2
(B) We have f(x) = – x + 5x + c
Clearly f(–1) > 0 Þ –1 – 5 + c > 0
x
Hence c > 6. –1

12
 Quadratic Equation & Expression
2
(C) We have f(x) = ax + 6x + 1
Now D > 0 Þ 36 – 4a > 0 Þ a < 9
Case-I : If a > 0, f(–1) < 0 x
Þ a – 6 + 1 < 0 Þ a < 5. –1 –1
2
æ -1 ö
and f ç ÷ <0 (a > 0)
è 2 ø
a
Þ –3+1<0
4
Þ a < 8.
Hence a Î (0, 5)
æ -1 ö (a < 0)
Case-II : If a < 0 , f(– 1) > 0 and f ç ÷ > 0
è 2 ø –1 –1
x
a 2
Þ a – 6 + 1 > 0 and –3+1>0
4
a
Þ a > 5 and >2
4
\ a > 8 (Rejected)
Hence we conclude from case-I and case-II that a Î (0, 5)

x 2 - 6x + 5
35. Let f (x) =
x 2 - 5x + 6
Match the expressions / statements in Column I with expressions / statements in Column II.

Column I Column II

(A) If – 1 < x < 1, then f (x) satisfies (p) 0 < f (x) < 1
(B) If 1 < x < 2, the f (x) satisfies (q) f (x) < 0
(C) If 3 < x < 5, then f (x) satisfies (r) f (x) > 0
(D) If x > 5, then f (x) satisfies (s) f (x) < 1 [JEE 2007]

Ans. (A) ® (p, r, s); (B) ® (q, s); (C) ® (q, s); (D) ® (p, r, s)

x 2 - 6x + 5 (x - 5)(x - 1)
Sol. y = =
2
x - 5x + 6 (x - 2)(x - 3)

(x - 5)(x - 1)
f(x) > 0 Þ >0
(x - 2)(x - 3)

i.e. x Î (– ¥, 1) È (2, 3) È (5, ¥) ... (1)

f(x) < 0 Þ x Î (1, 2) È (3, 5). ... (2)

x 2 - 6x + 5
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

f(x) < 1 Þ <1

x 2 - 5x + 6
-x - 1
Þ <0 or
(x - 2)(x - 3)
i.e. x Î (–1, 2) È (3, ¥) . ... (3)
from equation (1) and (3)
0 < f(x) < 1 Þ x Î (–1, 1) È (5, ¥)

13
JEE-Mathematics
SECTION - 4 : NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS

36. Find the values of 'a' for which one of the roots of the quadratic equation, x2 + (2 a + 1) x + (a2 + 2) = 0
is twice the other root . Find also the roots of this equation for these values of 'a' .
Ans. a = 4 ; roots are – 3 and – 6
Sol. 3a = –(2a + 1)
2a2 = a2 + 2
2
(4a2 + 4a + 1) = a2 + 2
9
(a – 4)2 = 0
a=4

x 2 + 2x - 3
37. If y = then find the interval in which y can lie for every x Î R wherever defined.
x 2 + 2x - 8
æ 4ù
Ans. y Î ç -¥, ú È (1, ¥)
è 9û
(x + 3)(x - 1)
Sol. y=
(x + 4)(x - 2)
x2(y – 1) + 2x(y – 1) – 8y + 3 = 0,
\ xÎR
(y – 1)2 – (y – 1)(3 – 8y) ³ 0
or (y – 1)(9y – 4) ³ 0
4
Þ y ³ 1 or y £
9
for y = 1, x2 + 2x – 8 = x2 + 2x – 3
\ –8=–3 (not possible)
\ y¹1
4
|||ly y = ; we get,
9
x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
x=–1
æ 4ù
\ y Î ç -¥, ú È (1, ¥)
è 9û
2 2
æ a ö æ b ö
38. If a and b be the roots of the equation x2 + 3x + 1 = 0 then find the value of ç ÷ +ç ÷ .
è1+ bø è a +1ø
Ans. 18
Sol. a + b = – 3; ab = 1, also a2 + 3a + 1 = 0 and b2 + 3b + 1 = 0
where a2 = – (3a + 1) & b2 = – (3b + 1)
a2 b2
E= +
(1 + b)2 (a + 1)2
a2 b2
E= +
1 + 2b + b2
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

1 + 2a + a 2
æ -(3a + 1) ö æ -(1 + 3b) ö
= ç ÷ + ç ÷
è -b ø è -a ø
1 + 3a 1 + 3b a(1 + 3a) + b(1 + 3b)
y= + = (as ab = 1)
b a ab
= 3(a2 + b2) + (a + b)
= 3[9 – 2] + (–3) = 21 – 3 = 18 Ans.

14
 Quadratic Equation & Expression
2 2 2 2
39. Let M be the minimum value of f(q) = (3 cos q + sin q) (sec q + 3 cosec q), for permissible real values of q and

P denotes the product of all real solutions of the equation

( x - 1)( 50 - 10x ) 2
= x – 8x + 7. Find (P M).
2
x - 5x
Ans. 24
2 2 2
Sol. M: f (q) = 3 + 9 cot q + tan q + 3 = 6 + (3 cot q – tan q) + 6
\ f(q)min. = 12 Ans.]

( x - 1)( 50 - 10x ) 2
P: 2 = x – 8x + 7
x - 5x

10 ( x - 1)
As x ¹ 5, so = (x – 7) (x – 1)
-x
Þ Either x = 1
or 10 = x(7 – x)
2
Þ x – 7x +10 = 0
2
Þ x – 7x + 10 = 0
Þ (x – 5) (x – 2) = 0
\ x = 1 or 2 Þ Product = 2
Hence (P M) = 12 × 2 = 24 Ans.

2 2
40. If the range of values of a for which the roots of the equation x – 2x – a + 1 = 0 lie between the roots of the
æ 1 ö
equation x – 2(a + 1) x + a (a – 1) = 0 is (p, q), find the value of ç q + 2 ÷ .
2
è p ø
Ans. 17
Sol. We have 2 2
x – 2x – (a – 1) = 0
a b
f(x)
a b
2
2 ± 4 + 4(a - 1) x-axis
\ a, b = =1±a
2
2
Let f(x) = x – 2(a + 1) x + a (a – 1)
Now, f(a) < 0 and f(b) < 0 must hold simultaneously.

-1
So, f(a) < 0 Þ a > ... (1)
3

-1
and f(b) < 0 Þ <a<1 ... (2)
4
\ From (1) and (2), we get

æ -1 ö
aÎ ç , 1÷
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

è 4 ø

-1
Þ p= and q = 1
4

æ 1 ö
Þ ç q + 2 ÷ = 1 + 16 = 17 Ans.
è p ø

15
JEE-Mathematics
2 2
41. Let x1 and x2 be the real roots of the equation x – kx + (k + 7k + 15) = 0. What is the maximum value
2 2
of (x1 + x2 ) ?
Ans. 18
2 2
Sol. For real roots, D ³ 0 Þ k – 4(k + 7k + 15) ³ 0
2
Þ 3k + 28k + 60 £ 0
-10 y
Þ (3k + 10) (k + 6) £ 0 Þ -6 £ k £ (–7,19)
3
2 2 2 2
y=19 – (x + 7)
\ x1 + x2 = (x1 + x2) – 2x1x2
2 2 x
= k – 2(k + 7k + 15) O
2 2 – 7 – 6 – 10
= – k – 14k – 30 = 19 – (k + 7) 3
2 2
Clearly, maximum value of x1 + x2 is obtained at k = – 6.
2 2 2
\ (x1 + x1 )max = 19 – (– 6 + 7) = 18 Ans.

42. If 1 - log x 2 + log x 2 9 - log x 3 64 < 0 , then range of x is (a, b). Find the minimum value of (a + 9b).
Ans. 25
Sol. Clearly x > 0, x ¹ 1
\ 1 - log x 2 + log x 3 - 2log x 2 < 0 or 1 - 3log x 2 + log x 3 < 0

or 1 - ( log x 8 - log x 3 ) < 0

æ8ö
1 - log x ç ÷ < 0
è 3ø
æ8ö 8 8
If x > 1, log x ç ÷ > 1. So, >x Þ x< .
3
è ø 3 3
8
Hence 1 < x <
3
æ8ö
Again if 0 < x < 1, then log x ç ÷ > 1
è 3ø
8 8
Þ <x Þ x > (Rejected).
3 3
æ 8ö
So, x Î ç 1, ÷ º (a, b).
è 3ø
8
\ a = 1 and b =
3
Hence (a + 9b) = 1 + 24 = 25 Ans
2 æ a 2 b2 ö
43. If a, b are roots of the equation 2x + 6x + b = 0 where b < 0, then find the least integral value of çç + ÷.
è b a ÷ø
Ans. 10
-6 b
Sol. We have a + b = = – 3 and ab =
2 2
æ a 2 b 2 ö a 3 + b3
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

(a + b)3 - 3ab(a + b)
Now, çç b + a ÷÷ = ab =
è ø ab

æbö
-27 - 3 ç ÷ (-3)
è 2ø -54 + 9b 54
= = = 9-
b b b
2
æ a 2 b2 ö
Given b < 0, so çç b + a ÷÷ will have least integral value 10, which is possible when b = – 54.
è ø

16
 Quadratic Equation & Expression
44. Suppose that a, b, c, d are rationals which satisfy a + b + c + d = 10, (a + b)(c + d) = 16,
2 2 2 2
(a + c) (b + d) = 21 and (a + d) (b + c) = 24, then find the value of (a + b + c + d ).
Ans. 39
Sol. ac + ad + bc + bd = 16
+ ad + bc + ab + cd = 21
ac + bd + ab + cd = 24
—————————————
add 2 å ab = 61
å a 2 + 2å ab
2
Now, (a + b + c + d) =

Hence å a 2 = 100 – 61 = 39 Ans.

4 2 4 3 2
45. If sum of maximum and minimum value of y = log2 (x + x + 1) – log2 (x + x + 2x + x + 1) can be
expressed in form ((log2 m) – n), where m and 2 are coprime then compute (m + n).
Ans. 5

æ (x 2 + x + 1)(x 2 - x + 1)ö æ x2 - x + 1 ö
Sol. We have y = log2 ç 4 ÷ = log2 çç 2 ÷÷
è x + x 3 + 2x 2 + x + 1 ø è x +1 ø

x2 - x + 1
Assume z =
x2 + 1
2
(z – 1)x + x + (z – 1) = 0. As x Î R, so
2
D ³ 0 Þ 1 – 4 (z – 1) ³ 0

2 1 1 3
Þ (z – 1) £ Þ £z£
4 2 2

1 3
So, ymin = log2 æç ö÷ = –1 and ymax = log2 æç ö÷ = (log23 – 1)
è 2ø è 2ø
Hence ymin. + ymax. = log2 3 – 2 º ((log2 m) – n)
\ m = 3, n = 2
Hence (m + n) = 3 + 2 = 5 Ans.

2 2 2
46. If all the solutions of the inequality x – 6ax + 5a £ 0 are also the solutions of inequality x – 14x + 40 £ 0
then find the number of possible integral values of a.
Ans. 0 f(x) g(x)
2 2
Sol. Let f (x) = x – 6ax + 5a = (x – a)(x – 5a)
2 a x
and g (x) = x – 14x + 40 = (x – 4) (x – 10) x=4 5a x = 10
Clearly, g (a) £ 0 and g (5a) £ 0 must satisfy simultaneously.
2
Now, g (a) £ 0 Þ a – 14a + 40 £ 0
Þ 4 £ a £ 10 ... (1)
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

2
Also, g (5a) £ 0 Þ 25a – 70a + 40 £ 0
Þ (5a – 4)(a – 2) £ 0

4
Þ £a£2 ... (2)
5
\ (1) Ç (2) gives a Î f.
Hence no integral value of a can satisfy it. Ans.

17
JEE-Mathematics
2 2
47. If roots of the equation x – 10cx – 11d = 0 are a, b and those of x – 10ax – 11b = 0 are c, d,
then find the value of a + b + c + d. (a, b, c and d are distinct numbers) [JEE 2006, 6]
Ans. 1210
Sol. As a + b = 10 c and c + d = 10 a
ab = –11d, cd = –11b
Þ ac = 121 and (b + d) = 9 (a + c)
2
a – 10ac – 11d = 0
2
c – 10ac – 11b = 0
2 2
Þ a + c – 20ac –11(b + d) = 0
2
Þ (a + c) – 22(121) – 11 × 9 (a + c) = 0
Þ (a + c) = 121 or – 22 (rejected)
\ a + b + c + d = 1210.

SECTION - 5 : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

2 3 2
48. If a, b are the roots of the equation x – 2x + 3 = 0 obtain the equation whose roots are a – 3 a + 5 a – 2,
3 2
b – b + b + 5.
2
Ans. x – 3x + 2 = 0 is the required equation.
a
2 2 2
Sol. x – 2x + 3 = 0 Þ a – 2a + 3 = 0 and b – 2b + 3 = 0
b
Also
3 2 2 2
a – 3 a + 5 a – 2 = (a – 2a + 3)a –(a – 2a + 3) + 1
2
Þ g=1 {Q a – 2a + 3 = 0}
3 2 2 2
and b – b + b + 5 = (b – 2b + 3)b + (b – 2b + 3) + 2
2
Þ 2 {Q b – 2b + 3 = 0}
2
\ x – 3x + 2 = 0 is the required equation.

2 3 2 2
49. If one root of the equation ax + bx + c = 0 be the square of the other, prove that b + a c + ac = 3abc.
a
2
Sol. ax + bx + c = 0
a2
b 2 3 c
a + a =- ... (i) a = ... (ii)
a a
cubing both side of (i)
3 6 3 2 b3
a + a + 3a (a + a )= -
a3
c c 2 3c æ b ö b3
+ 2+ çè - ÷ø = - 3
a a a a a
2 2 3
a c + ac – 3abc = – b
3 2 2
b + a c + ac = 3abc
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

2
50. Show that if p, q , r & s are real numbers & pr = 2 (q + s ), then at least one of the equations x + px + q = 0,
2
x + rx + s = 0 has real roots.
2 2
Sol. D1 = p – 4q & D2 = r – 4s
2 2 2 2 2
Add p + r – 4(q + s) = D1 + D2 = p + r – 2pr = (p – r) ³ 0
Þ D1+D2 ³ 0 possible only if at least one of D is ³ 0

18
 Quadratic Equation & Expression

ax 2 + 2(a + 1)x + 9a + 4
51. Find the range of values of a, such that f ( x ) = is always negative.
x 2 - 8x + 32

1
Ans. a Î æç -¥, - ö÷
è 2ø
2
Sol. Considering denominator x – 8x + 32
D < 0 and a > 0
So denominator is always positive
2
Þ ax + 2(a + 1)x + 9a + 4 < 0
2
Þ a < 0 & 4(a + 1) –4a (9a + 4) < 0
2 2
Þ 4(a + 2a + 1 – 9a – 4a) < 0
2
Þ 4(–8a – 2a + 1) < 0
2
8a + 2a – 1 > 0
(4a – 1) (2a + 1) > 0
æ 1ö
Þ a Î ç -¥, - ÷
è 2ø
x 2 + ax - 2
52. Find the values of ‘a’ for which -3 < < 2 is valid for all real x .
x2 + x + 1
Ans. –2 < a < 1

x 2 + ax - 2 4x 2 + (a + 3)x + 1
Sol +3>0 Þ >0
x2 + x + 1 x2 + x + 1
as Denominator > 0 Þ Numerator > 0

x 2 + ax - 2 -x 2 + (a - 2)x - 4
and 2
-2<0 Þ <0
x + x +1 x2 + x + 1
as Denominator > 0 Þ Numerator < 0
Now solve it.
2
4x + (a + 3)x + 1 > 0
2
(a + 3) – 16 < 0
(a – 1) (a + 7) < 0
a Î (–7, 1)
2
x – (a – 2)x + 4 > 0
2
(a – 2) – 16 < 0
(a – 6) (a + 2) > 0
a Î (–2, 6)
So final a Î (–2, 1)

2 2
53. If the quadratic equations x + bx + ca = 0 & x + cx + ab = 0 (where a ¹ 0) have a common root, prove that
2
the equation containing their other roots is x + ax + bc = 0.
a
2
Sol. x + bx + ca = 0 ... (i)
b
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

a
2
x + cx + ab = 0 ... (ii)
g
Subtracting (ii) from (i), x = a = a
Product ab = ca. and ag = ab
b=c and g = b
2
\ x – (b + c)x + bc = 0 {Q a is the root ;
\ a 2 + ab +ac = 0 Þ a(a+b+c)=0 Þ a = 0 or b + c = -a }
2
Þ x + ax + bc = 0

19
JEE-Mathematics
2 3 2
54. The equation x – ax + b = 0 & x – px + qx = 0, where b ¹ 0, q ¹ 0, have one common root & the second
equation has two equal roots. Prove that 2(q + b ) = ap.
2
Sol. Let x – ax + b = 0 has root a & b
2
& x(x – px + q) = 0 has root 0, a, a
but x = 0 is not the common root (since b ¹ 0)
2
& x – px + q = 0 have two equal root
2 p
Þ D = 0 Þ p – 4q = 0 & is its root.
2
p 2
satisfy equation x – ax + b = 0
2
p2 ap p2 ap
Þ – +b=0Þ +b=
4 2 4 2
Þ 2(q + b) = ap

2
55. Find all values of a for which the inequality (a + 4) x – 2ax + 2a – 6 < 0 is satisfied for all x Î R.
Ans. a Î (–¥, –6)
2
Sol. (a + 4) x – 2ax + 2a – 6 < 0
from graph, a + 4 < 0
a<–4 ... (i)
Also,
D<0
2
4a – 4(a + 4)(2a – 6) < 0
–6 –4 4
(a + 6) (a – 4) > 0
a Î (–¥, –6)

2 2
56. Find all values of a for which both roots of the equation x – 6ax + 2 – 2a + 9a = 0 are greater than 3.
11
Ans. æç , ¥ö÷
è9 ø
2 2
Sol. x – 6ax + 2 – 2a + 9a = 0
(i) D > 0
2 2
(–6a) – 4(2 – 2a + 9a ) > 0
2 2
36a – 8 + 8a – 36a > 0 a b
3
-b
8a > 8 Þ a > 1 ... (1)
2a

-b
(ii) >3
2a
-(-6a)
> 3 Þ 3a > 3 Þ a > 1 ... (2)
2.1
(iii) f(3) > 0
2
9 – 18a + 2 – 2a + 9a > 0
2
9a – 20a + 11 > 0
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

2
9a – 9a – 11a + 11 > 0
9a(a – 1) – 11(a – 1) > 0
+ – +
(a – 1) (9a – 11) > 0 ... (3)
1 11/9
So clubbing (1), (2) & (3)
æ 11 ö
ç , ¥÷
è9 ø

20
 Quadratic Equation & Expression
2
57. Find all the values of the parameter ‘a’ for which both roots of the quadratic equation x – ax + 2 = 0 belong
to the interval ( 0, 3 ).

é 11ö
Ans. ê 2 2, ÷ø
ë 3
2
Sol. x – ax + 2 = 0
D>0 a b
2 0 3
(i) a – 4 × 1 × 2 > 0
2
a –8>0
+ – +
( a - 2 2 )( a + 2 2 ) > 0 ... (1)
-2 2 2 2
-b
(ii) 0< <3
2a
a
0< <3
2´1
0<a<6 ... (2)
+ – +
0 6
(iii) f(0) f(3) > 0
2(9 – 3a + 2) > 0
11 – 3a > 0
3a < 11
11
a< ... (3)
3
– +
11/3
So clubbing (1), (2) & (3)
é 11 ù
ê 2 2, 3 ú
ë û
2
58. Find the values of K so that the quadratic equation x + 2 ( K – 1 ) x + K + 5 = 0 has atleast one positive root.
Ans. k £ –1
2
Sol. x + 2(k – 1)x + (k + 5)
D³0
2
4(k – 1) – 4(k + 5) > 0
2
k + 1 – 2k – k – 5 > 0
2
k – 3k – 4 > 0
(k + 1) (k – 4) > 0 ... (1)
+ – +
–1 4
sum of roots < 0
- ( 2 )( k - 1)
<0
1
k–1>0
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

k>1 ... (2)

Product of roots (k + 5) > 0
k > –5 ... (3)
clubbing (1), (2) & (3)
so for both roots negative
Domain is (4, ¥)
so for atleast one roots is positive.
k £ –1

21
JEE-Mathematics
59. If a < b < c < d then prove that the roots of the equation; (x – a )(x – c) + 2 (x – b ) (x –d) = 0 are real &
distinct.
Sol. Let f(x) = (x – a )(x – c) + 2 (x – b ) (x –d)
at x=a
b c
f(a) = (a – b) (a – d) > 0 a d
f(b) = (b – a) (b – c) < 0
f(c) = (c – b) (c – a) < 0
f(d) = (d – a) (d – c) > 0
Þ there is a real root between (a, b), similarly another real root between (c, d).

2 th
60. If one root of the quadratic equation ax + bx + c = 0 is equal to the n power of the other, then show that
n 1/(n+1) n 1/(n+1)
(ac ) + (a c) + b = 0.
a
2
Sol. ax + bx + c = 0
an
b
a + an = - ... (i)
a
c
a n +1 = ... (ii)
a
1
æ c ö n+1
from (ii) a =ç ÷
è aø
1 n

put in (ii) æç c ö÷ n +1 + æç c ö÷ n +1 = - b
è aø è aø a
Multiplying both sides by a
n 1/(n+1) n 1/(n+1)
(ac ) + (a c) +b=0

2 4 2
61. Let P(x) = x + bx + c, where b and c are integer. If P(x) is a factor of both x + 6x + 25 and
4 2
3x + 4x + 28x + 5, find the value of P(1).
Ans. 4
4 2 4 2
Sol. Let f(x) = x + 6x + 25 and g(x) = 3x + 4x + 28x + 5
Now, if p(x) is the factor of both f(x) and g(x), then it is also be the factor of g(x) – f(x) = q(x) (say)
4 2
q(x) Þ 2x – 2x + 28x – 20 = 0
4 2
or x – x + 14x – 10 = 0
\ p(1) = 4
2 2
62. Find the true set of values of p for which the equation : p.2cos x
+ p.2- cos x
- 2 = 0 has real roots.

é4 ù
Ans. p Î ê , 1ú
ë5 û

Sol. Let y = 2cos2 x

1 2
Þ =y+
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

y p
2
Q cos x ³ 0
Þ y³1
1
\ y+ ³2
y
2
Þ ³ 2 Þ p £1
p
2
Also 2cos x
=y£2

22
 Quadratic Equation & Expression

2 1
Þ £ 2+
p 2
4
Þ p³
5
é4 ù
Þ p Î ê , 1ú
ë5 û

2
63. If the coefficients of the quadratic equation ax + bx + c = 0 are odd integers then prove that the roots of the
equation cannot be rational number.
Sol. Let the roots are rational
a = 2l + 1 b = 2m + 1 c = 2n + 1
2
then D = (2m +1) – 4 (2l + 1) (2n + 1)
2 2 2
= odd – 4 × odd × odd = odd – even = say(2p + 1)
2 2
Þ (2m + 1) – 4 (2l +1) (2n + 1) = (2p + 1)
2 2
Þ (2m + 1) – (2p + 1) = 4 (2l + 1) (2n + 1) = even
Þ (m – p) (m + p + 1) = (2l + 1) (2n + 1)
Case-I : m is odd p is even
LHS = odd × even = even ü Not possible
ý
RHS = odd þ
Similarly for m even p odd ü
ï
m even p even ý do not hold
m odd p odd ïþ
hence roots can not be rational

2 2 2
64. If the three equations x + ax + 12 = 0, x + bx + 15 = 0 and x + (a + b ) x + 36 = 0 have a common
positive root, find a and b and the roots of the equations.
Ans. a = –7 and b = – 8, (3, 4), (3, 5) and (3, 12) are the root.
2
Sol. x + ax + 12 = 0 ... (i)
2
x + bx + 15 = 0 ... (ii)
2
x + (a + b ) x + 36 = 0 ... (iii)
Add(i) and (ii) and subtract from (iii)
2
we get x = 9
x=±3 ( –ve rejected)
\ a = –7 and b = – 8
Þ (3, 4), (3, 5) and (3, 12) are the root of (i), (ii) and (iii)

2
65. If the quadratic equation ax + bx + c = 0 has real roots, of opposite sign in the interval (–2, 2) then prove that
c b
1+ - >0.
4a 2a
2
Sol. ax + bx + c
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

Case - I
if a > 0
2
ax + bx + c = 0 –2 2
f(2) > 0
4a + 2b + c > 0
c b
1+ + >0 ... (1)
4a 2a
f(–2) > 0

23
JEE-Mathematics
4a – 2b + c > 0
c b
1+ - >0 ... (2)
4a 2a
Clubbing (1) & (2)
c b
1+ - >0
4a 2a
Case - II
if a < 0 –2 2
2
ax + bx + c
f(–2) < 0
4a – 2b + c < 0
b b
1- + >0 ... (1)
2a 4a
f(2) < 0
4a + 2b + c < 0
b b
1+ + >0 ... (2)
2a 4a
Clubbing (1) & (2)
b c
1+ + >0
2a 4a

66. Find the maximum possible value of 8·27log 6 x + 27·8log 6 x - x 3 , where x > 0.
Ans. 216

Sol. 8·27log 6 x + 27·8log 6 x - x 3

a = 27log6 x , b = 8 log 6 x Þ ab = x log6 27 ´ x log 6 8

3
Þ ab = x
8a + 27b – ab – 216 + 216
Þ a(8 – b) – 27(8 – b) + 216
Þ (a – 27) (8 – b) + 216
It is always (–) quantity
\ Maximum value = 216.

2 2
67. For a £ 0, determine all real roots of the equation x – 2a x–a – 3a = 0.

Ans. x = a (1 - 2 ) , x = a ( 6 - 1)
2 2
Sol. x – 2a x–a – 3a = 0
Case I: x³a
2 2
x – 2a (x – a) – 3a = 0
2 2 2
x – 2ax + a = 2a
2 2
(x – a) = 2a
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

a 2+1
x = ± 2a + a Þ x =
a 1- 2

Now, x = a ( 2 + 1) is rejected

Q a ( 2 + 1) < a

\ x = a (1 - 2 ) Ans.

24
 Quadratic Equation & Expression
2 2 2
Case II: x + 2ax + a = 6a x£a
2 2
(x + a) = 6a

a 6 -1
x = ± 6a - a Þ x =
-a 1 + 6

Now, x = a (1 + 6 ) is rejected

Q a (1 + 6 ) > 0

\ x = a ( 6 - 1) Ans.

n 2
68. The equation x + px + qx + r = 0, where n ³ 5 & r ¹ 0 has roots a 1, a 2 , a 3 ......... a n.
n
k
Denoting å a i by Sk .
i =1

(a) Calculate S2 & deduce that the roots cannot all be real.
(b) Prove that Sn + pS2 + qS1 + nr = 0 & hence find the value of Sn.
Ans. (a) S2= 0, (b) Sn = – nr
n 2
Sol. x + px + qx + r = 0 n ³ 5
(a) S1 º a1+ a2 +..........+ an
2 2 2
S2= a1 + a2 +..........+ an
2
= (a1 + a2 +.......an) – 2 (Sa1a2)
n–1 n–2
= 0 (as coefficient of x ,x = 0)
2 2 2
as a1 + a2 + ....... + an = 0
Þ a1 = a2 = a3 .... = an = 0
n
n
but Õ ai = (–1) r ¹ 0
i =1

hence all of roots are not real

(b) Sn + pS2 + qS1 + nr = 0
n 2 n 2 n 2
Þ (a1 + p.a1 + q. a1 + r) + (a2 + p.a2 + q. a2 + r) + .... ... + (an + p.an + q.an+ r)
= 0 + 0 +......+ 0 = 0
Þ Sn = – pS2 – qS1 – nr = 0 + 0 – nr
Þ Sn = – nr

2
69. Find the number of integral values of a so that the inequation x – 2(a + 1)x + 3(a – 3) (a + 1) < 0 is satisfied
+
by atleast one x Î R .
Ans. 5
Sol. D > 0
2
4(a + 1) – 12(a – 3) (a + 1) > 0
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

2 2
a + 2a + 1 – 3[a – 2a – 3] > 0
2
–2a + 8a + 10 > 0
2
a – 4a – 5 < 0
(a – 5) (a + 1) < 0
a Î (–1, 5)
Ans. 5

25
JEE-Mathematics
2
70. Let a, b, c be real numbers with a ¹ 0 and let a, b be the roots of the equation ax + bx + c = 0.
3 2 3
Express the roots of a x + abcx + c = 0 in terms of a, b. [JEE 2001, Mains, 5 out of 100]
2 2 2 2
Ans. g = a b and d = ab or g = ab and d = a b

b
Sol. a + b = -
a

c
& ab =
a
3 2 3
Let g & d be roots of a x + abcx + c = 0

abc æ bc ö
then g+d= - = -ç 2 ÷
a3 èa ø
3
æcö
& gd = ç ÷
èaø
3 3
Þ gd = a b ... (1)

æcö æ b öæ c ö
ç ÷ ( a + b ) = - ç ÷ç ÷
èaø è a øè a ø
Þ ab(a + b) = g + d ... (2)
from equation (1) & (2) we get
2 2
g = a b & d = ab
2 2
or g = ab & d = a b.

2
71. If x + (a – b)x + (1 – a – b) = 0 where a, b Î R then find the values of ‘a’ for which equation has unequal real
roots for all values of ‘b’. [JEE 2003, Mains-4 out of 60]
Ans. a > 1
Sol. Given,
2
x + (a – b)x + (1 – a – b) = 0 has real and unequal roots.
Þ D>0
2
Þ (a – b) – 4(1) (1 – a – b) > 0
2 2
Þ a + b – 2ab – 4 + 4a + 4b > 0
Now, to find the values of 'a' for which equation has unequal real roots for all values of b.
i.e. Above equation is true for all b.
2 2
or b + b(4 – 2a) + (a + 4a – 4) > 0, is true for all b.
\ Discriminant, D < 0
2 2
Þ (4 – 2a) – 4(a + 4a – 4) < 0
2 2
Þ 16 – 16a + 4a – 4a – 16a + 16 < 0
Þ – 32a + 32 < 0 Þ a>1

1 - 2x + 5x2 é p pù
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

72. Find the range of values of t for which 2 sin t = , t Î ê- , ú . [JEE 2005(Mains), 2]
3x2 - 2x - 1 ë 2 2û

é p pù é 3p p ù
Ans. ê - , - ú È ê , ú
ë 2 10 û ë 10 2 û
Sol. Let y = 2 sin t

1 - 2x + 5x 2
so, y=
3x 2 - 2x - 1

26
 Quadratic Equation & Expression
2
Þ (3y – 5)x – 2x(y –1) – (y+1) = 0

ì 1ü
since x Î R - í1, - ý , so D ³ 0
î 3þ
2
Þ y – y –1 ³ 0

1+ 5 1- 5
or y³ and y£
2 2

1+ 5 1- 5
or sin t ³ and sin t £
4 4

p p 3p p
Hence range of t is éê - , - ùú È éê , ùú
ë 2 10 û ë 10 2 û

2 4+3 3
73. A quadratic polynomial f (x) = x + ax + b is formed with one of its zeros being where a and b are
2+ 3

4 3 2
æ 4 + 3 3ö
integers. Also g (x) = x + 2x – 10x + 4x – 10 is a biquadratic polynomial such that g ç ÷ = c 3+d
è 2+ 3 ø
where c and d are also integers. Find the values of a, b, c and d.
Ans. a = 2, b = – 11, c = 4, d = – 1

æ 4 + 3 3 ö (2 - 3) -1 + 2 3
Sol. ç ÷´ =
è 2 + 3 ø (2 - 3) 1

If one root is (-1 + 2 3) , then other root of f(x) is (-1 - 2 3) .

2
f(x) = x + ax + b
sum of the root = –a = –2 Þ a = 2
product of the roots = b = + 1 – 12 Þ –11 = b

æ 4 + 3 3ö
gç
è 2+ 3 ø
(
÷ = g -1 + 2 3 = C 3 + d)
4 3 2
g(x) = x + 2x – 10x + 4x – 10

(-1 + 2 3)4 + 2(-1 + 2 3)3 - 10(-1 + 2 3)2 + 4(-1 + 2 3) - 10 = C 3 + d

-1 + 4 3 = C 3 + d
so d = –1, c = 4
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

27
JEE-Mathematics
SECTION - 6 : ASSERTION–REASON QUESTIONS
Assertion & Reason
These questions contains, Statement-I (assertion) and Statement-II (reason).
(A) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true ; Statement-II is correct explanation for Statement-I.
(B) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true ; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for statement-I
(C) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is false
(D) Statement-I is false, Statement-II is true
74. Statement-I – If a + b + c > 0 and a < 0 < b < c, then the roots of the equation
a(x – b) (x – c) + b(x – c)(x – a) + c(x – a) (x – b) = 0 are of both negative.
Because
Statement-II – If both roots are negative, then sum of roots < 0 and product of roots > 0
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D
Ans. (D)
Sol. Given a + b + c > 0 and a < 0 < b < c
2
(a + b + c)x – [ab + ac + bc + ab + ac + bc]x + 3abc = 0
2
(a + b + c)x – 2[ab + bc + ca]x + 3abc = 0
ab = 3abc < 0

75. Statement-I – Let (a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) denote a re-arrangement of (1, –4, 6, 7, –10). Then the equation
4 3 2
a1x + a2x + a3x + a4x + a5 = 0 has at least two real roots.
Because
2
Statement-II – If ax + bx + c = 0 and a + b + c = 0, (i.e. in a polynomial the sum of coefficients is zero)
2
then x = 1 is root of ax + bx + c = 0.
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D
Ans. (A)
Sol. For any arrangement at (a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) x = 1 is a solution for the above biquadratic equation
Þ (x – 1) is a factor
then the cubic equation has atleast one real zero.
Þ option A is correct

2 2
76. Statement-I – If roots of the equation x – bx + c = 0 are two consecutive integers, then b – 4c = 1.
Because
2 2
Statement-II – If a, b, c are odd integer then the roots of the equation 4 abc x + (b – 4ac)x – b = 0 are real
and distinct.
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D
Ans. (B)
a
2
Sol. x – bx + c = 0
a+1
- b ± b 2 - 4c
x=
2´1
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

- b + b 2 - 4c
a=
2
- b - b 2 - 4c
a+1=
2
2 b 2 - 4c
1=–
2
2
Þ b – 4c = 1

28
 Quadratic Equation & Expression

ANSWERS
UNIT EXERCISE
SECTION - 1
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. B C D D D C C D C A
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. A A B A C D A D D D
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26
Ans. B B A D A D

SECTION - 2
Que. 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Ans. AD AB AC AD BCD BC ABC

SECTION - 3
Que. 34 35
Ans. (A)-s; (B)-qr; (C)-p (A)-prs; (B)-qs; (C)-qs; (D)-prs

SECTION - 4
æ 4ù
36. a = 4 ; roots are – 3 and – 6 37. y Î ç -¥, ú È (1, ¥) 38. 18 39. 24
è 9û
40. 17 41. 18 42. 25 43. 10 44. 39 45. 5 46. 0
47. 1210

SECTION - 5

2 æ 1ö
48. x – 3x + 2 = 0 is the required equation. 51. a Î ç -¥, - ÷
è 2ø

æ 11 ö é 11ö
52. –2 < a < 1 55. a Î (–¥, –6) 56. ç , ¥÷ 57. ê 2 2, ÷
è9 ø ë 3ø

é4 ù
58. k £ –1 61. 4 62. p Î ê , 1ú
ë5 û

64. a = –7 and b = – 8, (3, 4), (3, 5) and (3, 12) are the root. 66. 216.

67. x = a (1 - 2 ) , x = a ( 6 - 1) 68. (a) S2= 0, (b) Sn = – nr

2 2 2 2
69. 5 70. g = a b and d = ab or g = ab and d = a b
JPR\COMP.251\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2020–21\Nurture\Mathematics\UNIT - 2

é p pù é 3p p ù
71. a > 1 72. ê - , - ú È ê , ú
ë 2 10 û ë 10 2 û

73. a = 2, b = – 11, c = 4, d = – 1

SECTION - 6

74. (D) 75. (A) 76. (B)

******
29