History reviewer

History- it is comes from the word historía. It is also the systematic study and documentation of the
human past. Dynamic field that involves critical analysis.

Historical documents are original materials that provides first hand evidence about a person, place, or
event . Documents can range from written records like: letters, diaries, and official documents to visual
materials like: photographs, paintings, and Maps, as well as artifacts and archaeological findings.

Some valid historical documents:

*Governments records *chronicles accounts *personal letters *receipts, etc.

The validity of historiography, the study of how history is written, often challenge by
discrimination.The historical record is frequently biased towards the perspectives of those in power, and
neglecting all the experiences of marginalized groups.

A primary source is a first-hand or contemporary account of an event or topic. Primary sources are the
most direct evidence of a time or event. The Secondary sources were created by someone who did not
experience first-hand or participate in the events or conditions you're researching .it interprets and
analyzes primary sources.

Positivism emphasizes the use of scientific methods to acquire knowledge. It advocates for objective
observation, empirical evidence, and logical reasoning as the foundations of historical understanding.

Post colonialism emerge d as a critical academic field in the year 1960s, focusing on the cultural,
political legacies of colonialism. The time of presedency of Diosdado macapagal. Encourages a more
nuanced understanding of history.

Historians are the individuals who study and write about the past. They are trained to study the critically
analyze historical sources and interprets the events.

Example of historians

 Teodoro agoncilllo – known for his works  Renato constantino – a prominent

on Philippine history, particularly the nationalist historian who wrote the “the
Philippine revolution. Philippines: a past revisited”
 Vicente L. Rafael – a historian and  Dr. Jose Victor Torres – a historian and
professor of the university of Washington professor known for his work on manila
 Ambeth Ocampo – a contemporary and Philippine urban history.
historian and columnist known for his
popular writtings on Philippine history.

Historical resources – accessing the past.

Examples of primary sources: Diaries, letters, memoirs, autobiographies. Interviews, speeches, oral
histories, personal narratives. Scientific data and reports.
 History reviewer

Examples of secondary sources are scholarly or popular books and journal articles, histories, criticisms,
reviews, commentaries, encyclopedias, and textbooks

Deception cases in the Philippine history: UNMASKING THE TRUTH

Deception and manipulation have played the significant role in shaping Philippine history. Often
obscuring the truth and distorting the our understanding of the past.

NOTABLE DECEPTION CASES INCLUDE:

Deception cases in the Philippines:

 Hoax code of kalatiaw

 Ferdinand marcos as WWII soldier
 Mock bottle in manila

CONTENT- analysis of the manifest and latent content of the body of communicated materials (such as
books or film) through classification.

Contextual- is simply an analysis of the text that helps us to asses that text within the context of its
historical and cultural setting. But also in the terms of its textuality- or the qualities that characterize the
text as a text.

History- study from the past.

Histireography- Historiography is the study of the history and methodology of history as a discipline.
Made by the researchers.

Module 2 (THE FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD BY MAGELLAN BY ANTONIO PIGAFFETA)

ANTONIO PIGAFETTA

❖also known by the name of Antonio Lombardo or Francisco Antonio Pigafetta.

❖Venetian scholar born around 1491 in Vicenza, Republic of venice(modern) and died in 1531 in the
aforementioned place.

❖ Italian explorer and scholar that became part of the expedition under the order of the prince of
Spain, King Charles I.

❖ He was one of the 18 men who competed the trip, returning to Spain in 1522, under the command
of Juan Sebastian Elcano.

ABOUT THIS BOOK

❖This book was taken from the chronicles of contemporary voyager, navigator of sixteenth century,
and was an Italian nobleman, Antonio Pigafetta.
 History reviewer

❖Antonio Pigafettas work instantly became a classic that prominent literary men in the West.

❖ Pigafettas travelogue is one of the most important primary source in the study of PreColonial
Philippines.

❖ Antonio Pigafetta’s account was also a major referent to the events leading the Magellan's arrival
in the Philippines.

❖ His (Pigafetta) encounter with local leaders, his death with the hands of Lapu-lapu’s forces in the
battle of mactan and the depacture of what was left of Magellan’s fleet from the islands.

“A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD BY MAGELLAN BY ANTONIO PIGAFETTA”

❖ The first voyager around the world by Magellan was published after Pigafettareturned to Italy

❖Antonio Pigafetta's The First Voyage Around the World chronicles the epic expedition led by
Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer, which resulted in the first circumnavigation of the globe.

❖The voyage, which began in August 1519 and concluded in September 1522, was a monumental
undertaking fraught with challenges, discoveries, and ultimately, tragedy.6

❖In September 20, 1519, the troops of Magellan left San Lucas, Spain with five ships named Victoria,
Santiago, Trinidad, Conception and San Antonio with 235 men.

Their primary objective was to find a western route to the Spice Islands (Maluku Islands) in the East
Indies, a region known for its valuable spices. Magellan's ambition was to reach the East Indies by
sailing westward, bypassing the Portuguese monopoly on the eastern route.

❖ When they reached Rio de Janiero, the troops in one ship had a rebellion and chose to return to
Spain and in travelling in the southern part of Latin America to the Pacific Ocean they experienced
storm which destroyed another ship. With three ships they finally reached Guam in March 1, 1521.

❖ However , the inhabitants of Guam did not accept the group of Magellan so they decided to sail
again and in March 16, 1521 they reached the island of Homonhon in Samar.

❖ The inhabitants of Homonhon were used to trading so when the group of Ferdinand Magellan
landed in their shore with different products they also brought out their products and traded.

❖ The hospitality of the people in Homonhon was misunderstood by Magellan that they wanted to
accept the foreign rule.Rajah Humabon also accepted the truce with Magellan and in March 31, 1521,
mass was first celebrated in Masao or Limasawa with Father Pedro Valderama as the presiding priest,
after the mass Rajah Humabon, Reyna Juana and the other people under the leadership of Humabon
were baptized as Catholics.

❖In April 27, 1521, at 4 in the morning according to the account of Antonio Figafetta, they reached
the island of Mactan.
 History reviewer

❖At first, the island was so quiet but when they reached the shore, the troops of Lapulapu attacked
them.

❖In the battle Ferdinand Magellan lost his life so his troops retreated and went back to Rajah

LEGACY OF MAGELLAN

❖Despite Magellan's death, the expedition continued under the leadership of Juan Sebastián Elcano.

❖ The remaining crew, facing dwindling supplies and constant challenges, finally reached the Spice
Islands in November 1521.

❖After acquiring a cargo of spices, the expedition set sail for Spain, completing the first
circumnavigation of the globe in September 1522. Only 18 of the original 270 crew members survived
the arduous journey.

PIGAFETTA’S ACCOUNT

❖Antonio Pigafetta, a young Italian nobleman who accompanied Magellan, meticulously documented
the entire voyage.

❖His detailed account, The First Voyage Around the World, provides invaluable insights into the
expedition's challenges, discoveries, and encounters with diverse cultures.

❖Pigafetta's chronicle offers a firsthand perspective on the hardships faced by the crew, the cultural
differences encountered, and the significance of the expedition's achievements.

❖ Pigafetta's journal is also a vital piece not only of Philippine history, but also of World history. He
narrated the events that

transpired in a way that gives the readers of his journal a clear picture of what it was like to be part of
the first voyage around the world

CONTRIBUTION OF THE DOCUMENT IN UNDERTSNADING

THE GRAND NARRATIVE IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Elaborated the lifestyle back then and it described what the local islanders wore, what they ate, how
they communicated, and how they lived Pigafetta's journal is the only known document about Lapu-
Lapu's life Considered the best source today of the customs and usages of the Filipinos in the early 16th
century due to the daily notes Pigafetta took and details about the expedition that he wrote about
Contains the first vocabulary of Visayan words ever penned by a European.

MUSIC OF THE VISAYAN INHABITANTS AS DESCRIBED BY PIGAFETTA

 Visayan kadatuan royal couples * tattoed visayas

 History reviewer

VOCABULARY OF THE VISAYAN WORDS LISTED BY PIGAFETTA

A e-I o-u ka da ga ha la ma na nga pa sa ta ya wa