March 17, 2020

March 17, 2020

License=Al Gihaz Holding Co./SA-938-t Not For Resale ,10/22/2020 2:29:07 PM Saudi Time
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-103.03, Rev.01

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

2.0 BATTERY CHARGER SIZING CALCULATIONS

2.1 Substation Application

2.2 UPS Application

3.0 SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

3.1 Lead Acid Batteries

3.2 Nickel Cadmium Batteries

4.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

TESP10303R01/RBA Date of Approval: March 17, 2020 PAGE 2 OF 7

License=Al Gihaz Holding Co./SA-938-t Not For Resale ,10/22/2020 2:29:07 PM Saudi Time
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-103.03, Rev.01

1.0 SCOPE

This Engineering Standard establishes criteria and defines factors for sizing battery chargers
intended to be used with stationary type batteries for substations and UPS applications in
National Grid, Saudi Arabia under normal service conditions.

2.0 DC SYSTEM PARAMETERS

Proper sizing of the battery charger is necessary to ensure battery charging as per specific
requirements of the battery and DC auxiliary system.

2.1 Substation Application

2.1.1 The charger output DC voltage range shall be selected considering the float
and equalized voltages of the battery bank per respective TMSS and DC
auxiliary system as per TES-P-119.30 (latest revision).

2.1.2 The ampere output rating of a 100% rated charger for substation application
shall be determined as per below equations of IEEE 1818.

I = [ (A/t)e + IC] (d)(k)

Where:

I- is the calculated battery charger output, dc amperes

A- is the ampere-hours to be replaced

t- is the time in which the battery should be recharged

e- is the recharge factor (Can be considered as 1.1 for Lead Acid
batteries and 1.3 for Nickel Cadmium battery as applicable.)

Ic- is the continuous DC load current

d - is the design margin factor (1.1 can be used if not specified in

the Scope of Work / Project Technical Specification)

k - is the altitude correction factor (shall be specified in as per PTS

if not if not specified, to be considered as 1. For Projects located
above 1000M altitude manufacturers recommendation to be
considered however recommended values to be verified.)

The above equation of Battery charger sizing calculation is based on the

amount of energy required to recharge a battery that has been discharged per
its full design duty cycle, the desired recharge time, the continuous dc load
supported by the charger during the recharging period, and relevant indicated
factors.

However, the above calculated charger output current capacity shall not be
less than the total load requirements including future expected load.

TESP10303R01/RBA Date of Approval: March 17, 2020 PAGE 3 OF 7

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-103.03, Rev.01

2.1.3 The substation chargers are sized as though the charge is delivered by a
constant current charger. Then minimum required charging output as per the
above formula shall charge the battery to approximately 95% of its capacity
when a constant voltage charger is set to equalize mode.

2.1.4 The above-mentioned formula is based on average charging current.

However, in practice to recharge the fully discharged battery, the initial
charging current will be much higher than the average charging current.
Accordingly, the charger size selected based on the above formula shall be
verified to ensure that the two 100% capacity chargers operating in parallel
can meet this extreme eventuality when the voltage reaches as the end
discharge voltage 1.75V/cell for lead acid battery and 1.1V/cell for the
Nickel Cadmium battery.

2.1.5 For a given battery duty cycle, the amount of amp-hours removed is known
from the battery sizing calculation (either manual or via computer program).
This amount of charge is what the battery charger needs to supply in order to
recharge the battery in a certain amount of time. If the ampere-hours removed
is not known from an available design calculation, a conservative method is
to use the 8-hour amp-hour rating of the battery. This method will typically
lead to a larger-than-necessary charger, as the ampere-hours removed from a
battery during a full duty cycle is typically less than the ampere-hour rating
of the battery.

2.1.6 For the recharge time, the designer should consider NG’s preference of 16
hours. While a shorter recharge time may restore a fully discharged battery
faster, this may cause other problems. A faster recharge may lead to plate
damage of the battery due to overheating, or the charger being oversized for
day-to-day operations. The designer needs to review the probability of a
worst case event happening during recharge, and use that to help determine
battery size.

2.2 UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) Application

The ampere rating of charger for UPS applications shall be based on kilowatt (kW)
requirements of the inverter, and determined by following formulae.

Load kVA x PF
kW = _____________
IE

The ampere rating of the inverter is calculated as:

kW x 1000
Inverter Load (A) = __________

EL

TESP10303R01/RBA Date of Approval: March 17, 2020 PAGE 4 OF 7

License=Al Gihaz Holding Co./SA-938-t Not For Resale ,10/22/2020 2:29:07 PM Saudi Time
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-103.03, Rev.01

Where:

EL - Minimum input battery voltage based on battery’s end-of

discharge voltage.

PF - Power Factor taken as 0.8

IE - Inverter efficiency, which is typically considered as 0.85

The ampere rating of the charger will be calculated by the following equation:

AR = ( Inverter Load + BIF x AHR/ RT )

Where BIF, AHR and RT are below:

BIF - Battery inefficiency factor i.e. a constant that compensates for the
battery losses. It can be taken as 1.1 for lead acid batteries and 1.3
for nickel cadmium battery as applicable. However, this factor
shall be confirmed with the battery manufacturer.

AHR - Battery ampere hours based on 8 hours or 10 hours as applicable.

RT - Time in hours to recharge the battery approximately 95% of

capacity. (Recharging time for 100% capacity shall be 16 hours)

3.0 SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

3.1 The Lead Acid battery sample calculation is presented as per TES-P-103.02.

Based on the sizing formula given in above Clause 2.1.2 and the parameters
indicated hereunder, the ampere output rating of the charger is determined as
follows:

I = [( A/t)e + IC] (d)(k)

Where: (As per TES-P-103.02 presented Calculation)

A - 2945.63 Ah

t - 16 hours

e - 1.1 for Lead Acid

Ic - 201.28 Amperes

d - 1.1

k - 1.0

TESP10303R01/RBA Date of Approval: March 17, 2020 PAGE 5 OF 7

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-103.03, Rev.01

Substituting values (I - is the calculated battery charger output, dc amperes)

I = [(2945.63/16)1.1 + 201.28] x (1.1) x (1.0) = 444.17 Amperes

Battery Charger rating shall be selected as per Manufacturer’s available catalog of

nearest highest rating.

3.2 The Nickel Cadmium battery sample calculation is presented as per TES-P-103.02.

Based on the sizing formula given in above Clause 2.1.2 and the parameters
indicated hereunder, the ampere output rating of the charger is determined as
follows:

I = [ ( A/t)e + IC] (d)(k)

Where:

A - 2979.36 Ah

t - 16 hours

e - 1.3 for Nickel Cadmium

Ic - 201.28 Amperes

d - 1.1

k - 1.0

(Please note that above values are based on TES-P-103.02 Calculation)

Substituting values (I - is the calculated battery charger output, dc amperes)

I = [(2979.36/16)1.3 + 201.28] x (1.1)x(1.0) = 487.688 Amperes

Battery Charger rating shall be selected as per Manufacturer’s available

catalog of nearest highest rating.

TESP10303R01/RBA Date of Approval: March 17, 2020 PAGE 6 OF 7

License=Al Gihaz Holding Co./SA-938-t Not For Resale ,10/22/2020 2:29:07 PM Saudi Time
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-103.03, Rev.01

4.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. REA Bulletin 65-1 Design Guide for Rural Substations, 1978

2. IEEE 946 IEEE Recommended Practice for the Design of DC

Auxiliary Power Systems for Generating Stations

3. IEEE 450 Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing and

Replacement of Vented Lead Acid Storage Batteries for
Stationary Applications.

4. IEEE 1818 IEEE Guide for the Design of Low-Voltage Auxiliary

Systems for Electric Power Substations

5. IEC 62040 Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS)

TESP10303R01/RBA Date of Approval: March 17, 2020 PAGE 7 OF 7

License=Al Gihaz Holding Co./SA-938-t Not For Resale ,10/22/2020 2:29:07 PM Saudi Time