Model answer lesson 5 chapter 3

Question Answer Question Answer

1 C 33 A
2 D 34 B
3 B 35 D
4 A 36 Essay↓
5 D 37 C steps↓
6 A 38 C steps↓
7 C 39 B steps↓
8 D 40 B steps↓
9 D 41 C steps↓
10 D 42 A steps↓
11 C 43 B steps↓
12 A 44 A steps↓
13 D 45 A steps↓
14 D 46 D steps↓
15 C 47 C steps↓
16 D 48 D steps↓
17 A 49 C steps↓
18 C 50 C steps↓
19 A 51 D steps↓
20 A 52 edit↓ A steps↓
21 A 53 B steps↓
22 C 54 D steps↓
23 A 55 B steps↓
24 C 56 B steps↓
25 D 57 B steps↓
26 B 58 D steps↓
27 C 59 C steps↓
28 A 60 B steps↓
29 C 61 A steps↓
30 C 62 A steps↓
31 D 63 Bsteps↓
 32 B

Steps
36)

Kw = [H+] [OH-]

5.476x10-14 = [H+] [OH-]

Where [H+] = [OH-] in case of water.

[H+] = [OH-] = √5.476𝑥10¯ⁱ⁴

= 2.34x10-7 M

pH = -log [H+]

= -log (2.34x10-7)

= 6.63 ≅ 6.7

Notice that :

Regarding water ➔ pH = pOH , [H+] = [OH-] , ALWAYS NEUTRAL “Whatever the

temperature is”

But the values may change according to the value of K w as Kw changes by

changing temperature “Ay K constant mbtt2asarsh ela btaghayor el
temperature” and since Kw changes, pH and pOH values changes “Still equal each
other” and [H+] , [OH-] values changes but still equal.
37)

HCl → H+ + Cl-

1→1

Since HCl is a strong acid, [H+] = [HCl] = 0.01M

pH = -log[H+]=-log(0.01) = 2

38)

[H3 O+ ] = [H+ ] = √ka x Ca = √1.2 × 10−8 × 0.2 = 4.89 × 10−5 M

pH = −log[H + ] = − log(4.89 × 10−5 ) = 4.309 ≃ 4.3

39)

KOH → K+ + OH-

1 → 1

Since KOH is a strong base, [KOH] = [OH-] = 0.01 M

pOH = -log [OH-] = -log (0.01) = 2

pH + pOH = 14

pH = 14 – pOH = 14-2 = 12

40)

NH3 + H2O ⇄ NH4++OH -

[OH − ] = √K b × Cb = √1.8 × 10−5 × 0.01 = 4.2426 × 10−4 ≃ 4.24 × 10−4 M

41)

pOH = −log[OH− ] = − log(10−4 ) = 4

pH + pOH = 14

pH = 14 – pOH = 14-4 = 10

Or

[H+] x [OH-] = Kw

[H+] x [OH-] = 10-14

Kw 10−14
[H+] = [OH−]= = 10-10 M
10−4

pH = −log[H+ ] = − log(10−10 ) = 10

42)

pH = −log[H + ] = −log 1x10 −4 = 4

pH<7

the solution is acidic.

43)

HNO2 ⇄ H+ + NO2-

pH = -log[H+]

[H+]=shift log -pH = 10-2.63 =2.34422×10-3 M

[H3 O+ ] = [H+ ] = √Ka x Ca

2
[H+]2 (2.3 × 10−3)
[H + ]2 = Ka x Ca ➔ Ka = = = 5.49x10−4
Ca 0.01
44)

PH = 14-POH

PH = 14- 2.5 = 11.5

[H+] =shift log -pH = 10-11.5 = 3.16x10-12 M

45)

NaOH → Na+ + OH-

[H+] = 10-13 M

pH = -log [H+] = -log (10-13) = 13

pH + pOH = 14

pOH = 14 – pH = 14 – 13 = 1

Or

[H+] x [OH-] = Kw

[H+] x [OH-] = 10-14

Kw 10−14
[OH-] = [H+ ]= 10−13 = 10-1 M

pOH = −log[OH− ] = − log(10−1 ) = 1

46)

POH=14-12=2

[OH-]=shift log – POH = 10-2=0.01

NaOH → Na+ + OH-

NaOH is strong base which is completely ionized: [NaOH] = [OH -] = 0.01 M

Number of moles = conc x volume(L) = 0.01 mol

For NaOH:

1mol → (MM)40g

0.01 mol → X g

So, mass=0.4g

47)

[H+]= shift log –PH = 10-3=1x10-3M

[H3 O+ ] = [H+ ] = √Ka x Ca

[H3 O+ ]2 = [H + ]2 = Ka × Ca

[H+ ]2 (0.001)2
Ka = = =10-5
Ca 0.1
48)

For NaOH :

1 mole ➔ 40 gm/mol.

x mol. ➔ 0.4 gm

x = 0.01 mol.

No. of moles of NaOH (MV) = 0.01 mol.

HCl + NaOH ➔ NaCl + H2O

Ma = ? No. of moles = 0.01 mol.

Va = 0.2L
na = 1 na = 1

𝑀𝑎𝑉𝑎 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

=
𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑏
𝑀𝑎 𝑥 0.2 0.01
=
1 1

Ma = 0.05M

HCl ➔ H+ + Cl-

1 1

[H+] = [HCl] = 0.05 M “Strong acid ➔ completely ionized”

pH = -log [H+]

= -log (0.05)

= 1.3
49)

POH = 14 - pH

=14-12= 2

[OH-]= shift log – POH = 10-2 =0.01

Ba(OH)2 → Ba2+ + 2OH-

1 2

Ba(OH)2 is strong base which is completely ionized: [Ba(OH)2] = ½ [OH-] = 5x10-3 M

Number of moles = conc. x volume(L) = 5x10-3 x 500x10-3 =2.5x10-3 mol.

For Ba(OH)2 :

1 mol → (MM) = 171 gm

2.5x10-3 mol → X g

So, mass= 0.4275 gm.

50)

[H+]= shift log -pH = 10-13 =1x10-13

No. of moles = Concentration x Volume(L) = 1x10 -13 x 1x10-3= 1x10-16 moles

1 mole → 6.02x1023 ions (Avogadro’s no)

1x10-16 moles →X ions

X ions = 60200000 = 6.02x107 ions

51)

𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 0.04

Concentration of acetic acid = = = 0.2M
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 (𝐿) 200𝑥10¯³

[H+] = √𝐾𝑎. 𝐶𝑎

= √1.8𝑥10¯⁵𝑥0.2 = 1.89x10-3 M

pH = -log [H+]

= -log (1.89x10-3) = 2.72 “pH after adding acetic acid”

pH of pure water “before adding acetic acid” = 7

So, after adding acetic acid pH decreases by 4.3

52)

Edit : Which of the following is correct?

pH of NaOH before addition of water = 12

[H+] before addition of water = Shift log – pH

= Shift log – 12 = 1x10-12 M

pOH = 14 – pH = 14 – 12 = 2

[OH-] = 0.01 M

NaOH ➔ Na+ + OH-

1 1

[NaOH] = [OH-] = 0.01 M

M1V1 = M2V2

V2 = 200 + 300 = 500mL = 500x10 -3 L

0.01 x 200 x 10-3 = M2 x 500 x10-3

M2 = 4x10-3 M

[NaOH] after addition of water = 4x10 -3 M

[OH-] = [NaOH] = 4x10-3 M

pOH = -log [OH-]

= -log (4x10-3) = 2.39

pH = 14 – pOH

= 14 – 2.39 = 11.6

pH decreases from 12 to 11.6 ➔ [H+] increases (inversely proportional).

And to make sure :

𝟏𝟎¯⁴
[H+] = [𝑶𝑯−]

10¯⁴
= 4𝑥10¯³ = 2.5x10-12 M

So, it’s clear that :

pH before addition of water = 12

pH after addition of water = 11.6

[H+] before addition of water = 1x10-12 M

[H+] after addition of water = 2.5x10-4 M

(pH decreases, [H+] increases).

53)

Ca3(PO4)2 ⇄ 3Ca+2 + 2PO4-3

Ksp = [Ca+2]3 ×[PO4-3]2

Ksp = (2x10-8)3 x (1 x 10-3)2

Ksp = 8 x 10-30

54)

Mg3(PO4)2 ⇄ 3 Mg+ + 2PO4-3

3X 2X

X=6.26×10-6

Ksp = (3X)3 × (2X)2

Ksp =108 X5

Ksp = 108 x (6.26 x 10-6)5

Ksp = 1.04 x 10-24

55)

CaF2 ⇄ Ca+2 + 2F-

X 2X

Ksp = [Ca+2] × [F-]2

Ksp = X × (2X)2

Ksp = 4X3
 3 ksp 3 3.5× 10−11
X =√ =√ = 2.06 × 10−4 M
4 4

56)

BaCO3⇄Ba+2 + CO3-2

X X

Ksp = [Ba+2] × [CO3-2]

Ksp = X × X

Ksp = X2

Ksp = (4 × 10-5)2

Ksp = 1.6×10-9

57)

Ca3(PO4)2 ⇄ 3Ca+2 + 2PO4-3

3x 2x

[PO4-3] = 2x = 3.3 x 10-7

X = 1.65 x 10-7

Ksp = [Ca+2]3 ×[PO4-3]2

Ksp = (3x)3 x (2x)2

Ksp =108 X5

Ksp = 108 x (1.65 x 10-7)5

Ksp = 1.32 x 10-32

58)

Pb(OH)2 ⇄ Pb2+ + 2OH-

X 2X

Ksp = [Pb2+] x [OH-]2

Ksp = X × (2X)2

Ksp = 4X3

3 ksp 3 2.5× 10−6

X =√ =√ = 8.549 × 10−3 M
4 4

59)

A2X3 ⇄ 2A3+ + 3X2-

2x 3x

Ksp = [A3+]2 ×[X2-]3

Ksp = (2x)2 x (3x)3

Ksp =108 X5

5 ksp 3 1.08× 10−23

X =√108 = √ = 1 X 10-5 M
108
60)

XY2 ⇄ X2+ + 2Y-

X 2X

Ksp = [X2+] x [Y-]2

Ksp = X × (2X)2

Ksp = 4X3

3 ksp 3 1.6× 10−10

X =√ =√ =3.419x10-4 M
4 4

No. of moles = Concentration x volume in litres

= 3.419 x 10-4 x 200 x 10-3 = 6.839x10-4 mol.

61)

Ksp = [X].[X] = X2

X = √Ksp

[Ag+]=[Cl-]= √Ksp =1.5811 x 10-3 M

No of moles of Ag+ = conc x volume (L) = 1.5811 x 10-3x 0.1 = 1.5811 x 10-4moles

1 mole of AgCl ➔ 1 mole Ag+

1.5811 x 10-4moles of Ag+ ➔ 1.5811 x 10-4moles of AgCl

For AgCl:

1 mole ➔ MM(143.5g)

1.5811 x 10-4moles ➔ x gm

X =0.0226 ~ 0.023 g
62)

ZnS ⇄ Zn2+ + S2-

X X

Ksp = [Zn2+] x [S2-]

Ksp = X × X

Ksp = X2

At 600C :

X =√𝐾𝑠𝑝 = √1𝑥10−15

= 3.16x10-8 M

No. of moles of ZnS = MV = 3.16x10 -8 x 5 = 1.58x10-7 mol.

At 250C :

X =√𝐾𝑠𝑝 = √1𝑥10−21

= 3.16x10-11 M

No. of moles of ZnS = MV = 3.16x10 -11 x 5 = 1.58x10-10 mol.

No. of precipitated moles of ZnS = No. of moles at 60 0C – no. of moles at 250C

= (1.58x10-7 ) – (1.58x10-10) = 1.56x10-7 mol.

For ZnS :

1 mole ➔ 97 gm
1.56x10-7 mol. ➔ X gm

X = 1.53x10-5 gm.

63)

X(OH)2 ⇄ X2+ + 2OH-

X 2X

Ksp = [X2+] x [OH-]2

Ksp = X × (2X)2

Ksp = 4X3

X(OH)2 ⇄ X2+ + 2OH-

X X 2X

pOH = 4 ➔ [OH-] = shift log –pOH

= shift log -4 = 1x10-4 M

[OH-] = 2X = 1x10-4 M

X = 5x10-5 M = solubility degree

Ksp = 4X3

= 4(5x10-5)3 = 5x10-13