JSS Mahavidyapeetha

JSS Academy of Technical Education

JSS CAMPUS , DR VISHNUVARDHAN ROAD , SRINIVASAPURA , BENGALURU - 560060

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

TOPIC : DAILY LIFE OF POLYMERS

SUBJECT : CHEMISTRY[BCHES102]

Under the Guidance of :

Dr. Roopashree B
HOD OF CHEMISTRY
Dept Of CSE , JSS
 PRESENTED BY:

THE DAILY LIFE OF SPOORTHI B

POLYMERS SUNIL KUMAR KAREBALAPPANAVAR

SVAYAM IJARI JAIN
GROUP-12
TAJINDER SINGH DURSAL
TANVI GUJJAR

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 • Understanding Polymers

• Learning about the importance of

polymers

LEARNING • Learning about the uses of polymers

OBJECTIVES • Learning about the benefits of

polymers

• Learning about the types of polymers

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• Introduction to Polymers

• Discussion about Polymers

• Case study about an example of a

Polymer
CONTENTS
• Conclusion about Polymers

• Outcomes

• Reference

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INTRODUCTION TO POLYMERS
POLYMERS ARE MATERIALS WITH LARGE MOLECULAR MASSES
OBTAINED BY THE COVALENT LINKAGE OF SEVERAL SMALL REPEATING
CHEMICAL UNITS CALLED MONOMERS. THE PROCESS OF LINKING THE
REPEATING UNITS IS CALLED POLYMERIZATION. THIS MAY BE SHOWN
FOR A MONOMER M AS GIVEN BELOW:
Polymerization
nM ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ ⎯(M)n⎯
Monomer Polymer
Ex: Ethylene and Polyethylene

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The repeat chemical unit may be the same or different. A
homopolymer is made up of one type of monomer. For
example, the repeat unit in polyethylene. The number of times
the unit is repeated in a homopolymer chain is referred to as
the degree of polymerization. High polymers have a high
degree of polymerization and the molecular mass ranging
from 10,000 to 100,000.

High polymers may be natural or synthetic. Natural high

polymers for example, cellulose, starch, glycogen, and proteins
constitute the basis of plant and animal life. A wide range of
engineering materials fall into the category of synthetic high
polymers.
These include resins, plastics, rubbers, and fibers.
i. Resins- resins are the base materials used in the manufacturing of
plastics before they are mixed with colorants, fillers, plasticizers,
lubricants, and stabilizers.
ii. Plastics- plastics are materials that are soft enough at some
temperature to be molded into a desired shape and hardened so that
they can retain that shape.

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iii. Elastomers- elastomers are polymers
in which the structural units are either
zigzag or helical chains. They undergo
elastic changes when subjected to an
external force but readily regain their
original shape when the force is
withdrawn.

iv. Fibers- fibers are characterized by

their molecular chains arranged parallel
to each other in a spiral or helical
pattern.

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Synthetic Polymers
Synthetic polymers possess wide-ranging properties. They may
be elastic or rigid, soft or hard, transparent or opaque. Some
possess the strength of steel but are very light and chemically
inert. These properties have made them indispensable
materials in engineering and technology. The progress in the
field of electronics and electrical engineering is closely
associated with that of synthetic high polymers.

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LEARNING ABOUT THE
IMPORTANCE OF POLYMERS
Improving the quality of life:
• Highlight the positive impact of polymers on daily life:
• Durable and affordable consumer goods
• Improved healthcare and medicine
• Sustainable solutions for environmental challenges
• Wide range of properties: Polymers can be designed to exhibit a
vast array of properties, including flexibility, rigidity, elasticity,
strength, thermal resistance, electrical conductivity, and
biodegradability.
• Medical devices: Biocompatible polymers are used in implants,
drug delivery systems, and medical equipment.
 Polyamide
• • Electronics: Polymers are used in
semiconductors, displays, and other (Nylon)
electronic components.

• • Textiles: Synthetic fibres like nylon,

polyester, and acrylic offer durability,
weather resistance, and easy care.

• • Construction materials: Polymers are

used in insulation, paints, adhesives,
and construction components.

• • Customizable applications: This

versatility allows for the creation of
materials suitable for various
applications, from everyday items to
specialized technologies.

• • Plastics: Used in countless products,

from packaging materials to durable
goods like electronics and
automotive components.

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USES OF POLYMERS IN OUR DAILY LIFE
Polymers are versatile materials with a wide range of uses in various industries and
applications due to their unique properties such as durability, flexibility, lightweight
nature, and resistance to chemicals and wear.
1. Packaging Plastic bags: Used for carrying goods and packaging. Bottles and
containers: Made from PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and HDPE (high-density
polyethylene). Food wraps: Such as cling film (PVC) and zip-lock bags.
2. Automotive and Transportation Car Part’s; Polymers like ABS are used for bumpers,
dashboards, and other car parts, reducing weight and improving fuel efficiency.
Lightweight materials: Used in airplanes and vehicles to reduce weight and improve fuel
efficiency. Fuel tanks: Made from high-density polyethylene.
3. Textiles and Clothing Synthetic fibers: Nylon, polyester, acrylic, and spandex used in
clothing, ropes, and upholstery. Waterproof materials: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE,
also known as Teflon) in outdoor gear.
4. Medication Drug delivery systems: Biodegradable polymers like polylactic acid (PLA)
and polyglycolic acid (PGA) are used to deliver drugs slowly over time. Medical devices:
Syringes, catheters, gloves, and surgical tools are made from polymers like PVC and
latex. Implants and prosthetics: Silicone and other biocompatible polymers are used in
implants and prosthetic limbs.

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5. Energy Solar panels: Polymers are used in encapsulation and back
sheets. Wind turbines: Composite materials based on
polymers in blades.
6. Agriculture Greenhouses: Polyethylene sheets for covering
structures. Irrigation systems: Drip irrigation pipes and fittings made
from polymers. Mulch films: Protect soil and retain moisture.

POLYMER SOLAR CELLS IN ELECTRONICS

 Benefit of polymers
❖ Lightweight: Polymers are lighter than metals, which makes them easier to transport and
install.
❖ Corrosion resistant: Polymers naturally resist corrosion and don’t require additional
treatments to protect them. For example, we use plastic nut bolts and pipes in place of
metals because they don’t corrode.
❖ Insulation: Polymers are thermally and electrically insulating that’s why they are used in
coating electric wire and heating utensil handles
❖ Medical applications: Polymers are used in many medical applications to save lives. They
are used to Treat bleeding, Store blood, Filter blood, and even treat cancer.
❖ Water Resistance: Polymers like polyethylene and polypropylene are hydrophobic,
making them ideal for waterproof applications like coatings and pipes.
BENEFITS OF POLYMERS
CASE STUDY ON PolySTAT (MEDICAL DRUG)
“3D rendering of a blood clot forming, with PolySTAT (in blue)
“
As you know in serious accidents
maximum time the victim reaches the
path of death because of excess
bleeding. That’s why the University of
Washington researchers have
developed a new injectable polymer
that strengthens blood clots, called
PolySTAT. polymer finds any unseen
or internal injuries and starts working
immediately.

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 • PolySTAT does not have a single, fixed chemical
formula because it is a synthetic polymer composed
of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) backbone
functionalized with fibrin-binding peptides. Its
chemical structure depends on the molecular weight
of the PEG backbone and the specific functional
groups or peptides attached. However, the general
components of PolySTAT can be described as :
“Basic • A simplified schematic structure looks like :
information [PEG] – Peptide – Crosslinker
about polySTAT “ • PEG( polyethylene glycol ) is the backbone.

• Peptide is the fibrin-binding sequence (e.g., synthetic

peptide mimicking Factor XIIIa activity).

• Crosslinker stabilizes the structure.

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ADVANTAGES OF USING PolySTAT OVER OTHER
BLOOD DRUGS

1. It’s easy to use

2. can strengthen clots even when the patient’s levels of fibrin
precursor are low
3. Lower the risk of complications associated with a clotting
agent
TYPES OF POLYMERS

• Polymers can be classified based on different

criteria, including their structure, origin, and how
they respond to heat. Here are the main types of
polymers based on these factors:

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1. Based on Structure:
a) Linear Polymers: These are composed of long, straight chains of monomers.
They are typically strong and can form crystalline structures. Example:
Polyethylene (used in plastic bags).

b) Branched Polymers: These polymers have side chains attached to the main
chain. This structure can affect the polymer's properties, like flexibility and
melting temperature. Example: Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE).

c) Cross-Linked Polymers: In these polymers, the chains are interconnected

through chemical bonds. This cross-linking provides strength, rigidity, and
resistance to chemical degradation. Example: Vulcanized rubber (used in
tires).

d) Network Polymers: These have a highly cross-linked structure, forming a 3D network.

They are often rigid and insoluble in solvents. Example: Epoxy resins

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2. Based on Origin:
• Natural Polymers: These occur naturally in plants, animals, and microorganisms. They
include proteins, nucleic acids, cellulose, and natural rubber.
Example: Cellulose (found in plant cell walls), Proteins (such as collagen in animals).
• Synthetic Polymers: These are artificially created through polymerization processes.
They are widely used in a variety of applications due to their versatility and durability.
Example: Polyethylene, Nylon, Pvc
• Semi-synthetic polymers: These are derived from natural sources but modified
chemically to improve their properties.
Example: Cellulose acetate
 3. Based on Thermal Behavior:
a) Thermoplastics; These polymers soften and
become moldable when heated and harden when
cooled. They can be re-melted and reshaped
multiple times.
Example: Polyethylene.
b) Thermosets: These polymers undergo a
chemical change when heated, becoming hard and
rigid. Once set, they cannot be re-melted or
reshaped. They are typically stronger and more
heat-resistant.
• Example: Epoxy.
c) Elastomers: These are polymers that have
elastic properties, meaning they can be stretched
significantly and then return to their original
shape.
• Example: Natural rubber.

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CONCLUSION

In conclusion, polymers are versatile and essential materials

that play a crucial role in various aspects of daily life. From
packaging and textiles to medical devices and construction
materials, their unique properties, such as durability,
flexibility, and resistance, make them indispensable.
Understanding the environmental impact of synthetic
polymers and exploring sustainable alternatives like
biodegradable and recyclable polymers are vital steps toward
a greener future. As we continue to innovate and develop
new polymer technologies, the potential for these materials
to enhance and improve our lives is immense.

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OUTCOMES
The study of polymers typically encompasses a range of important outcomes. By the end of a
chapter on polymers, students should be able to:
1. Understand the Basics: Grasp the fundamental concepts of polymer science, including
definitions, types of polymers, and the structure-property relationships.
2. Identify Types of Polymers: Recognize and differentiate between various types of polymers
such as thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics, elastomers, and biopolymers.
3. Explain Polymerization: Describe the processes of polymerization, including addition and
condensation polymerization, and understand how different polymerization methods impact the
properties of the final material.
4. Analyze Properties and Applications: Analyze the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties
of polymers and relate these properties to their practical applications in industries such as
packaging, textiles, automotive, and medical devices.
5. Understand Environmental Impact: Evaluate the environmental issues associated with polymer
use, including recycling and disposal, and explore sustainable alternatives like biodegradable and
recyclable polymers.
6. Innovation and Future Trends: Gain insights into the latest innovations and future trends in
polymer research and technology, including smart polymers, nanocomposites, and advancements
in polymer processing techniques.

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These outcomes equip students with a comprehensive understanding of polymers, preparing them for further
studies or careers in materials science, chemical engineering, and related fields.
 Chemistry for Engineering Students
(Dr. B.S. Jai Prakash)

REFERENCE nitsri.ac.in

examupdates.in

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