Scribd
Upload
169 views12 pages

Acetylcholine: An Introduction: Mr. Shivraj Popat Jadhav

This document provides an introduction to acetylcholine, including its history, synthesis, release, receptors, and actions. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA. It was first identified in 1915 and confirmed as a neurotransmitter. It acts on nicotinic and muscarinic receptors and has various effects in the body like contraction of muscles, increase in heart rate, and relaxation of sphincters.

Uploaded by

Shivraj Jadhav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
169 views12 pages

Acetylcholine: An Introduction: Mr. Shivraj Popat Jadhav

This document provides an introduction to acetylcholine, including its history, synthesis, release, receptors, and actions. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA. It was first identified in 1915 and confirmed as a neurotransmitter. It acts on nicotinic and muscarinic receptors and has various effects in the body like contraction of muscles, increase in heart rate, and relaxation of sphincters.

Uploaded by

Shivraj Jadhav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Acetylcholine:

An Introduction

Presented by:

Mr. Shivraj Popat Jadhav, M. Pharm. (Pharmaceutics)


Asst. Prof. Divine College of Pharmacy, Satana
1
Slide Content
• Introduction to Acetylcholine

• History

• Synthesis and release of Acetylcholine

• Receptors of Acetylcholine

• Actions of Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine: An Introduction 2
Introduction to Acetylcholine

• Acetylcholine is an organic chemical that functions as a parasympathetic neurotransmitter, a


chemical released by nerve cells to send signals to other cells.

• Its name is derived from its chemical structure. It is an ester of acetic acid and choline.

• Activity of acetylcholine is called as cholinergic while activity opposite to acetylcholine is


called as anticholinergics.

Acetylcholine: An Introduction 3
History

• Acetylcholine (ACh) was first identified in 1915 by Henry


Hallett Dale for its actions on heart tissue.

• It was confirmed as a neurotransmitter by Otto Loewi, who


initially gave it the name Vagusstoff because it was released
from the vagus nerve.

• Acetylcholine was also “the first neurotransmitter” to be


identified.

Acetylcholine: An Introduction 4
Synthesis and release of Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine: An Introduction 5
Synthesis and release of Acetylcholine

Acetyl Co-A

Choline Acetyl
Transferred to
Acetylcholine
Transferase storage vesicles
Arrival of action
Choline potential

Release of
Acetylcholine in
Choline Acetate
Acetyl-choline synapse
esterase

Acetylcholine: An Introduction 6
Synthesis of Acetylcholine
• Acetylcholine is synthesized in presynaptic nerve ending by
the enzyme “choline acetyltransferase” from the choline and
acetyl-CoA.

• Half of the choline used in ACh synthesis is thought to come


directly from recycling of released ACh, hydrolyzed to
choline by cholinesterase.

Acetylcholine: An Introduction 7
Release of Acetylcholine

• After its synthesis, acetylcholine is packaged into presynaptic vesicles.

• Once packaged in a vesicles, acetylcholine is stored at the nerve ending until an


action potential arrives and allows for its release into the synaptic cleft.

• Nervous impulse, i.e. action potential, induces migration of vesicles towards the
membrane and releases of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft

Acetylcholine: An Introduction 8
Receptors of Acetylcholine

• Acetylcholine exerts its effects by binding to and activating receptors located on


the surface of cells. There are two main classes of acetylcholine receptor, nicotinic
and muscarinic.

• They are named for chemicals that can selectively activate each type of receptor
without activating the other.

Acetylcholine: An Introduction 9
Types of Muscarinic Receptors
Receptor Organs
Muscarinic receptors

M1 salivary glands, enteric nerves

M2 heart, smooth muscle

M3 smooth muscle, salivary glands

M4 brain, lung

M5 brain (substantia nigra), eye


Nicotinic receptors

NN Neuromuscular junction

NM Autonomic ganglia, CNS, Adrenal medulla

Acetylcholine: An Introduction 10
Cholinergic affects on various organs

Increase
Increase ofinmuscles,
in sweat,
Contraction peristalsis,
saliva, lacrimal,
Contraction
Relaxationof of
circular
Bronchoconstriction
Decrease muscles
in sphincter
Heartandrate of iris
increase in
bronchial of
Relaxation and intestinal
sphincter
(Miosis
secretion ) secretion

Acetylcholine: An Introduction 11
Acetylcholine: An Introduction 12

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy