San Bartolome High School

Holy Cross Road, San Bartolome, Nova Quezon City

MAPEH-10 ( 2nd Quarter )

Lesson 1
MUSIC
Afro-Latin American Music and Popular Music
Historical and Cultural Background:
The origins of Latin American music can be traced back to the Spanish and Portuguese conquest of the
Americans in the 16th century, when the European settlers brought their music from overseas. Latin
America is comprised of different regions such as the Caribbean Islands, Mexico, Central and
South America.

MUSIC OF AFRICA

Music has always been an important part in the daily life of African. Music and dance are also important to
religious expression and political events.

African traditional music is largely functional in nature, used primarily in ceremonial rites, such as birth,
death, marriage, succession, worship, and spirit invocations.

TYPE OF AFRICAN MUSIC

1. Afrobeat
– term used to describe the fusion of West African with black American Music.
2. Apala (Akpala)
– Musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style to wake up the worshippers after fasting
during
the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan.
3. Axe
– popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses the Afro – Caribbean styles of the
marcha, reggae and calypso.
4. Jit
– a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with guitar accompaniment,
influenced by mbira – based guitar styles.
5. Jive
– a popular form of South African Music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug,
a form of swing dance.
6. Juju
– a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms.
7. Kwassa Kwassa
– a dance style begun in Zaire in late 1980’s popularized by Kanda Bongo man.
8. Marabi
– a south african three- chord township music of the 1930’s – 1960’s which evolved

MUSIC OF AFRICA

1. Salsa
- Afro-Cuban music.
2. Samba
- Typifies most Brazilian music
3. Soca
- Modern Trinidadian and Tobago pop music combining “soul” and “calypso” music.
4. Were
- Muslim music performed often as a wake-up call for early breakfast and prayers during Ramadan
celebration.
5. Zouk
- Fast, carnival-like rhythmic music from the Creole slang word for “party” Originating in the
Caribbean Islands of Guadalupe and Martinique
VOCAL FORMS OF AFRICAN MUSIC

1. Maracatu
Surfaced in the African state of Pernambuco, combining the strong rhythms of African percussion
instruments with Portugese melodies. It uses mostly percussion instruments such as the alfaia, tarol,
and caixa-de- Guerra, gongue, agbe, and miniero.
2. Blues
Musical form of the late 19th century that has had deep roots in African-American communities
( “Deep South” of the United States). Slaves used to sing as they worked in the cotton and vegetable
fields.
The form of the blues is characterized by specific chord progression. The twelve- bar blues is the most
common form. The notes of the blues are normally flattened or gradually bent.
3. Soul
It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz. The
catchy rhythms are accompanied by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves which are among its
important features.
Other characteristics include call and response between soloist and the chorus, and an especially
tense
and powerful vocal sound.
4. Spiritual
The term spiritual, normally associated with a deeply religious person, refers here to a Negro
Spiritual,
a song form by African migrants to America who became enslaved by its white communities. ® The
texts are mainly religious, sometimes taken from psalms of Biblical Passages. The Vocal inflections,
Negro accents, and dramatic dynamic changes add to the musical interest and effectiveness of the
performance.
5. Call and Response
The call and response method is a succession of two distinct musical phrases usually rendered by
different musicians, where the second phrase acts a direct commentary on or response to the first. It
also forms a strong resemblance to the verse-chorus form in many vocal compositions.

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF AFRICA

IDIOPHONES
1. Xylophone: Balafon
2. Rattles ( made of shells, tin, animal hoofs, horn, wood, metal, bells, cocoons, palm kernels, or
tortoise
shells)
3. Agogo (bell) - has the highest pitch of any of the bacteria instruments.
4. Rasps - a hand percussion instrument whose sound is produced by scraping a group of notched
sticks
with another stick, creating a series of rattling effects
5.Drums ( slit or log)
Slit drum- hollow percussion instrument, although known as a drum, it is not
a true drum.
Long drum- best known is the West African djembe, log drum.
6.Atingting Kon (Slit gong) - They were used to communicate between villages.

MEMBRANOPHONES ¬ Examples of these are found in the different localities: Entenga ( Ganda),
Dundun
(Yoruba), Atumpan (Akan), Ngoma (Shona)
1 Body Percussion
2 Talking Drum

LAMELLAPHONE - a set of plucked keys mounted on a sound board, known by different names according
to the regions such as mbira, karimba, kisaanj, likembe.

CHORDOPHONES
1. Musical bow- Earth bow, mouth bow and the resonator-bow are the principle types of musical
bows.
2. Harp
3. Lute ( konting, khalam, and the nkoni)
4. Zither

AEROPHONES - Flutes in various sizes and shapes ( Fulani flutes ). Panpipes and Horns( Kudo horns)
 1. Slit drum
2. Shekere
3. Agogo
4. Djembe
5. Mbira ( Hand piano or Thumb piano )

MUSIC OF LATIN AMERICA

The music if Latin America is the product of three major influences – Indigenous, Spanish- Portuguese and
African.It also called as Latin Music

INFLUENCES ON LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC

Indigenous Latin American Music

– this kind of music was largely functional in nature, being used for religious worship and
ceremonies.

Native American/Indian Music

– this kind of music has a distinctive music elements pertaining melody, harmony, rhythm, form, and
dynamic. It includes courtship songs, dancing songs, and popular American or Canadian tunes like
Amazing Grace, Dixie

Afro – Latin American Music

- The African influence on Latin American music is most pronounced in its rich and varied rhythmic
patterns produced by the drums and various percussion instrument.
Euro – Latin American Music
Mixed American music
Popular Latin American Music

1. SAMBA
- Is a dance form of African origin which evolved into an African-Brazilian favorite in the
working class and slum district of Rio De Janeiro.
2. SON
- It is a fusion of the popular music of Spain and the African rumba rhythms of Bantu
Origin. Originating in Cuba, it is usually played with the Tres (Guitar).
3. SALSA
- Is a social dance with marked influences from Cuba and Puerto Rico that started in New
York in the mid 1970’s.

VOCAL AND DANCE FORMS OF LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC

1. CUMBIA
- Originating in Panama and Colombia, the Cumbia became a popular courtship dance with
European and American instrumentation and characteristics.
2. TANGO
- The word Tango may have been of African origin meaning “African dance” or from the
Spanish word Taner meaning “to play”(an instrument) during the 1890s.
3. CHA-CHA
- The Cha cha cha or simply cha cha is a ballroom dance that originated in Cuba in the
1950s.
4. RUMBA
- Is a popular recreational dance of Afro-Cuban origin, performed in a comples.
5. BOSSA NOVA
- Originated in the 1950s when a slower, gentler version of the classic Cuban Samba
became popular with the upper and middle class sector of Brazilian society.
6. REGGAE
- Is an urban popular music and dance style that originated in Jamaica in the mid 1960s.
7. FOXTROT
- Is a 20th century social dance that originated after 1910 in the USA.
8. PASO DOBLE
- Is a theatrical Spanish dance used by the Spanish in Bullfights.

POPULAR MUSIC
Popular music literally means “music of the populace”, similar to traditional folk music of the past. As it
developed in the 20th century, pop music (as it has come to be called) generally consisted of music for
entertainment of large number of people, whether on radio or in live performances.

CLASSIFICATION OF POPULAR MUSIC

1. FOLK MUSIC
- Refers to melodies and songs of the common people that are handled down from one
generation to the next. Folk music often expresses the character of ethnic and social
groups and sometimes of a nation.

KNOWN ARTIST:
▪ Joan Baes

▪ Bob Dylan

▪ Peter, Paul and Mary

▪ Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel

▪ James Taylor

▪ John Denver

▪ Cat Stevens

2. COUNTRY AND WESTERN MUSIC

- Is a blend of popular music forms originally found in the Southern United State. It has in
traditional folk music and evolved rapidly in the 1920s. The term “Country Music” began
to be used in the 1940s .

KNOWN ARTIST:
▪ Jim Reeves

▪ Taylor Swift

▪ Kenny Rogers

▪ Dolly Parton
3. BALLADS
- Originated as an expressive folksong in narrative verse with text dealing typically with
love. The word is derived both from the medieval French “Chanson balladee” which refers
to a dancing song. Used by poet and composer since the 18th century.

TYPE OF BALLADS:

▪ Blue Ballad

▪ Pop Standard and Jazz Ballad

▪ Pop and Rock Ballad

4. STANDARD
- The term ‘Standard” is used to denote the most popular and enduring songs from a
particular genre and style.

KNOWN ARTIST:

▪ Frank Sinatra ( My Way , Strangers in the Night )

▪ Nat King Cole ( Unforgettable , Mona Liza , Too young )

 ▪ Matt Monroe ( Portrait of my love , Born free , From Russia with love )

▪ Barbara Streisand

▪ Paul Anka
5. ROCK AND ROLL
- Was a hugely popular song from United State during the late 1940s to the 1960s. It
combined Afro-American forms . The lead instrument were the piano and saxophone, but
these were replaced by modern instruments.

KNOWN ARTIST:

▪ Elvis Presley

▪ The Beatles

▪ Chuck Berry

▪ Little Richard
6. DISCO MUSIC
- Pertained to rock music that was more danceable, thus leading to the establishment of
venues for public dancing.

KNOWN ARTIST:

▪ ABBA

▪ The Bee Gees

▪ Donna Summer The Village people

7. POP MUSIC
- Parallel with the disco era, other pop music superstars continued to emerge.

KNOWN ARTIST:

▪ Michael Jackson ( Beat it , Billie Jean , Thriller )

▪ Modonna ( Material girl )

▪ Celine Dion ( My heart will go on )

▪ Whitney Houston ( I will always love you )

▪ Maria Carey ( Hero )

▪ Justin Timberlake ( Justified )

▪ Britney Spears ( Ops I did it again )

▪ Lady Gaga ( Bad Romance )

8. ALTERNATIVE AND RAP MUSIC

- Was an underground independent form of music that arose in the 1980s. It became widely
popular in the 1990s as a way to defy “mainstream” rock music

Lesson 1
ART
Technology-Based Art
Computer/Digital Art
Computer Generated Images

Digital Arts Defined

Digital Arts describe technological arts, with fluid boundaries offering many possible interpretations
of the terminology. As such, we now prefer the terms digital art and new media which can be used
interchangeably with some nuances. In other words, while some works rely on digital tools to
magnify an already-existing medium, others use as digital technology as an intrinsic and indissociable
component in the making of the artifact.

Today’s computer artists employ the ever-expanding powers of image manipulation programs
and applications to create an amazing artwork which can appear in an entire range of media whether
as a physical output or a virtual experience.
Computer/digital arts make use of electronic and mechanical devices, rather than the artist’s own
hand, to produce the desired images and effects. Thus, these are definitely technology-based art
forms.
In recent decades, personal gadgets such as laptops, tablets, and android phones have incorporated the
artistic capabilities of the large-scale computers. So it is now possible for anyone to be a digital artist.

Mobile Phone Art

Mobile phones can store personal photographs and videos that you can manipulate with a
myriad of special effects, both visual and auditory.
They could also be school projects or reports that require you to combine images, incorporate text,
and even include simple animation.

The tasks that traditional photo editors used to perform manually – cropping, retouching, airbrushing
are now just a few of the many editing effects done for you with split-second ease at the click of the
mouse, a keyboard command, or a few taps and drags of your finger on a touch screen.

Below are some of the mobile application programs that run on today’s android devices:
 Flipagram - allows you to “bring photos to life”.

Doodle Booth - an Ipad application that enables you to “doodle

Photo Collage - allows you to make collage, incorporate photos, stickers,

texts and frames.

Photo Grid - allows you to make a collage out of images from your
photo gallery.

Photo Booth - an application for taking photos and videos using an Ipad
mini.

Pic Monkey - a free online photo editing tool that provides filters,
frames, texts, and effects.

Pixlr - a powerful, free online image editor.

Lesson 1
HEALTH
HEALTH TRENDS, ISSUES AND CONCERNS IN THE NATIONAL
LEVEL
Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act RA 8504

Reproductive health is defined as a state of physical, mental and social well- being in all matters
relating to the reproductive system, at all stages of life.
To aid the reproductive health needs of the citizens, the government mandated the Republic Act
10354 or most commonly known as Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act.

Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive health act builds its foundation in four pillars.
Identify the pillars by unscrambling the letters. Write your answers on the space provided for

Pillar 1:
NFDEORMI COHICE

________ ______

These are effective and quality reproductive healthcare services, which are ethically and medically
safe, legal, accessible and affordable shall be given primacy to ensure the health of the mother and
child. this pillar also covers the provision for the integration of reproductive health and
sexuality education in schools and other educational institutions.

Pillar 2:
TESPCER OFR FIEL

_ ______ ___ ____

 Abortion is illegal and punishable by law. However, mothers will be identified to have aborted an
unborn child will be served with post abortive treatment and counselling in a humane , non-
judgemental and compassionate manner.

Pillar 3: TIRHB LOTRONC

____ _______

Reproductive healthcare, information, and supplies shall be made available most especially to poor
beneficiaries. The act also provisions that the government must respect the citizen’s individual
preferences and choices of family planning method.

Pillar 4:
LEBOSRPNISE HONTPERAOD

_ __________ _________

The couples determine their ideal family size. In addition, the government shall equip each parent
with the needed information in all aspects of family life, reproductive health, and this pillar.

Lesson 1
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
ACTIVE RECREATION
Fitness

What is your personal understanding of health and fitness? Do you practice healthy living or are you
someone who does not care at all? Welcome to the first part of your journey on active recreation
fitness lessons. In this phase, you will be exposed to a variety of activities that would help you
understand the importance of a healthy lifestyle and weight management. Your knowledge about the
lesson will help you start building your own personal fitness and wellness goals by engaging in active
fitness recreational activities. So, get ready to be fit and healthy! Let’s get started with your fitness
journey!

Warm-Up

Warm up exercise or sometimes called limbering up is always the initial phase of any exercise
program. It is a light physical activity aimed at increasing the body temperature to allow a gradual
increase in the blood flow to the muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Blood capillaries are opened up to
allow oxygenated blood to supply the muscle for contraction. Consequently, individuals who
directly engage in a vigorous activity without first warming up often experience muscle cramps or
get injured.
Normally, the warm up takes about 5-10 minutes. A good indicator if the individual is already
warmed up is the onset of a light sweat.
Cooling down after your workout allows for a gradual recovery of pre-exercise heart rate and blood
pressure.

Benefits of Warm-up

1. Increased range of motion.

2. Improved coordination and movement efficiency.
3. Decreased risk of injury.
4. Increased power output available from muscles.
5. Increased energy available from aerobic metabolism at the start of the activity.

Warming Effect

An effective warm-up exercise should:

▪ Increase blood flow to the muscles;

 ▪ Increase muscle elasticity;

▪ Gently raise heart rate;

Stretching

is a form of physical exercise in which a specific muscle or tendon (or muscle group) is deliberately flexed or
stretched in order to improve the muscle's felt elasticity and achieve comfortable muscle tone.[1] The result is
a feeling of increased muscle control, flexibility, and range of motion. Stretching is also
used therapeutically to alleviate cramps and to improve function in daily activities by increasing range of
motion

Purpose:

Stretching keeps the muscles flexible, strong, and healthy, and we need that flexibility to maintain a range of
motion in the joints. Without it, the muscles shorten and become tight. Then, when you call on the muscles
for activity, they are weak and unable to extend all the way.

When it comes to stretching, there are three main techniques: static, dynamic, and ballistic
stretching. Static stretching is what typically comes to mind when talking about stretching.

Here are five benefits that stretching has.

● Stretching can improve posture. Tight muscles can cause poor posture. ...
● Stretching can improve range of motion and prevents loss of range of motion. ...
● Stretching can decrease back pain. ...
● Stretching can help prevent injury. ...
● Stretching can decrease muscle soreness

Parts of the body that need to be stretch:

Neck stretch Shoulder stretch

Side arm stretch Triceps stretch

Hamstring stretch Inner and Outer thigh

Knee stretch Calf stretch