Chapter 3

SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE
TEACHERS:
MORAL AND ETHICAL
TEACHING
is a human and moral relationship. It involves interaction
between and among pupils, parents, colleagues, and school
officials.

To maintain cordial and harmonious relationships with the

clientele, teachers must develop awareness and sensitivity to
the Code of Ethics which underpins the standards of conduct
in the profession.
INTRODUCTION
The role of the teachers is to educate. They
create and control the learning process. They
encourage participation and interaction of
students in the acquisition of knowledge, skills
and values needed to prepare them for their
roles in society.
To achieve their objectives, teachers need to manage
the classroom effectively. This calls for the teachers'
skill in establishing healthy relationships with the
students. They need to explore the rights, duties and
moral principles embodied in the Ethical Standards for
Teachers to maintain their trust and respect. This calls
for their awareness and commitment to the moral and
ethical dimensions of teaching embodied with the
Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers.
 ETHICS
Refers to a system of principles of conduct that guide the behavior of a
person. It is concerned with individual character, like being a “good
person. It is also concerned with the character of an entire society,
culture, or profession.

MORALS
Are values related to a system of beliefs- religious system, business or the
political system. These values get their authority from outside or higher
authority. Moral values include honesty, integrity, compassion, courage,
honor, responsibility, patriotism, respect and fairness.
 MORALITY
Refers to a subset of ethical rules of special importance. It is a
guide to behavior for individuals who want to govern the
behavior of others. Moral values are often the basis for the
rules of society. These are expected to be obeyed by all its
members.
Ethics or morality studies the good and bad of human
behavior, thoughts, and feelings. It analyzes how man
should treat others as well as himself.

Ethics is about actions and decisions. A person acts in

accordance with his values. A person who behaves
according to the core values he upholds, is said to be acting
ethically.
Morality may be divided into three stages:
Morality of self-interest
Which is characterized by doing the act or the behavior to gain rewards or avoid punishment. In
other words, it is the reward or punishment consequences that guide peoples’ actions.

Morality of law and social rules

Apply when the action or behavior of the individual is determined by the rule and authority,
meaning peoples’ action are motivated by obedience and respect for law. They also aim to gain
approval and avoid disapproval of their behavior.

Morality of abstract principles

Is exhibited by people who assume personal responsibility in their behavior. People who have
reached this level no longer aim for approval or disapproval of their actions. Their behavior is guided
by their ethical principles and moral values.
ETHICAL STANDARDS
Respect
Teachers need to demonstrate respect for spiritual and cultural
values, diversity, social justice, freedom and democracy. This is in
relation to their role to address and promote human dignity

Integrity
Teachers are persons of integrity. This means being honest, reliable
and morally upright. They should be true to their commitment and
responsibilities as teachers.
ETHICAL STANDARDS
Care
» Teachers should take the best interest of the students as their credo.
These students have been entrusted to them and therefore should be
treated with love and care and compassion.
» They should provide a caring commitment where the students
would feel valued and accepted.
» Teachers should show positive influence and empathy when dealing
with the students.
ETHICAL STANDARDS
Trust
» The foundation of a strong relationship.
» Means being fair, honest, and being open to
people.
» Trust begets trust; teachers should show they
believe and trust their students.
CODE OF ETHICS FOR
PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS
Ethical codes help ensure that the members of the profession will deal
justly with the public. It is viewed as the hallmark of professional
maturity. It also provides guidance for the professionals on decision-
making.

Below is the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers. Analyze each

provision and learn it by heart to guide you in decision-making as a
professional.
 CODE
OF
ETHICS
 Resolution No. 435
Series of 1997
Pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph €, Article II, of R.A.
No. 7836, otherwise known as the "Philippine Teachers
Professionalization Act of 1994" and Paragraph (a), Section
6, P.D. No. 223, as amended, the Board for Professional
Teachers hereby adopts and promulgates the following
"Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers".
 PREAMBLE
Teachers are duly licensed professionals who possesses
dignity and reputation with high moral values as well
as technical and professional competence in the
practice of their noble profession, and they strictly
adhere to, observe, and practice this set of ethical and
moral principles, standards, and values.
 Article I: Scope and
Limitations
Section 1. The Philippine Constitution provides that all
educational institution shall offer quality education for all
competent teachers. Committed to its full realization, the
provision of this Code shall apply, therefore, to all teachers
in schools in the Philippines.
 Article I: Scope and
Limitations
Section 2. This Code covers all public and private school teachers
in all educational institutions at the preschool, primary,
elementary, and secondary levels whether academic, vocational,
special, technical, or non-formal. The term “teacher” shall include
industrial arts or vocational teachers and all other persons
performing supervisory and /or administrative functions in all
school at the aforesaid levels, whether on full time or part-time
basis.
 Article II: The Teacher and
the State
Section 1. The schools are the nurseries of the future citizens of the
state; each teacher is a trustee of the cultural and educational
heritage of the nation and is under obligation to transmit to
learners such heritage as well as to elevate national morality,
promote national pride, cultivate love of country, instill allegiance
to the constitution and for all duly constituted authorities, and
promote obedience to the laws of the state.
 Article II: The Teacher and
the State
Section 2. Every teacher or school official shall actively help
carry out the declared policies of the state, and shall take an
oath to this effect.

Section 3. In the interest of the State and of the Filipino people

as much as of his own, every teacher shall be physically,
mentally and morally fit.
 Article II: The Teacher and
the State
Section 4. Every teacher shall possess and actualize a full
commitment and devotion to duty.

Section 5. A teacher shall not engage in the promotion of any

political, religious, or other partisan interest, and shall not, directly
or indirectly, solicit, require, collect, or receive any money or service
or other valuable material from any person or entity for such
purposes.
 Article II: The Teacher and
the State
Section 6. Every teacher shall vote and shall exercise all
other constitutional rights and responsibility.

Section 7. A teacher shall not use his position or official

authority or influence to coerce any other person to
follow any political course of action.
 Article II: The Teacher and
the State
Section 8. Every teacher shall enjoy academic freedom
and shall have privilege of expounding the product of his
researches and investigations; provided that, if the
results are inimical to the declared policies of the State,
they shall be brought to the proper authorities for
appropriate remedial action.
 Article III: The Teacher and
the Community
Section 1. A teacher is a facilitator of learning and of the
development of the youth; he shall, therefore, render the best
service by providing an environment conducive to such learning
and growth.

Section 2. Every teacher shall provide leadership and initiative to

actively participate in community movements for moral, social,
educational, economic and civic betterment.
 Article III: The Teacher and
the Community
Section 3. Every teacher shall merit reasonable social
recognition for which purpose he shall behave with
honor and dignity at all times and refrain from such
activities as gambling, smoking, drunkenness, and
other excesses, much less illicit relations.
 Article III: The Teacher and
the Community
Section 4. Every teacher shall live for and with the
community and shall, therefore, study and
understand local customs and traditions in order to
have sympathetic attitude, therefore, refrain from
disparaging the community.
 Article III: The Teacher and
the Community
Section 5. Every teacher shall help the school keep the people in the
community informed about the school’s work and accomplishments as
well as its needs and problems.

Section 6. Every teacher is intellectual leader in the community, especially

in the barangay, and shall welcome the opportunity to provide such
leadership when needed, to extend counseling services, as appropriate,
and to actively be involved in matters affecting the welfare of the people.
 Article III: The Teacher and
the Community
Section 7. Every teacher shall maintain harmonious and pleasant
personal and official relations with other professionals, with
government officials, and with the people, individually or collectively.

Section 8. A teacher possesses freedom to attend church and

worships as appropriate, but shall not use his positions and influence
to proselyte others.
 Article IV: The Teacher and
the Profession
Section 1. Every teacher shall actively ensure that teaching is the
noblest profession, and shall manifest genuine enthusiasm and pride
in teaching as a noble calling.

Section 2. Every teacher shall uphold the highest possible standards

of quality education, shall make the best preparations for the career
of teaching, and shall be at his best at all times and in the practice of
his profession.
 Article IV: The Teacher and
the Profession
Section 3. Every teacher shall participate in the Continuing Professional
Education (CPE) program of the Professional Regulation Commission, and
shall pursue such other studies as will improve his efficiency, enhance the
prestige of the profession, and strengthen his competence, virtues, and
productivity in order to be nationally and internationally competitive.

Section 4. Every teacher shall help, if duly authorized, to seek support from
the school, but shall not make improper misrepresentations through
personal advertisements and other questionable means.
 Article IV: The Teacher and
the Profession
Section 5. Every teacher shall use the teaching
profession in a manner that makes it dignified means for
earning a decent living.
 Article V: The Teacher and
the Teaching Community
Section 1. Teachers shall, at all times, be imbued with the spirit of
professional loyalty, mutual confidence, and faith in one another, self-
sacrifice for the common good; and full cooperation with colleagues.
When the best interest of the learners, the school, or the profession is at
stake in any controversy, teachers shall support one another.

Section 2. A teacher is not entitled to claim credit or work not of his own,
and shall give due credit for the work of others which he may use.
 Article V: The Teacher and
the Teaching Community
Section 3: Before leaving his position, a teacher shall organize for
whoever assumes the position such arecords and other data as are
necessary to carry on the work.

Section 4. A teacher shall hold inviolate all confidential information

concerning associates and the school, and shall not divulge to anyone
documents which has not been officially released, or remove records
from files without permission.
 Article V: The Teacher and
the Teaching Community
Section 5. It shall be the responsibility of every teacher to seek correctives for what may
appear to be an unprofessional and unethical conduct of any associate. However, this may
be done only if there is incontrovertible evidence for such conduct.

Section 6. A teacher may submit to the proper authorities any justifiable criticism against
an associate, preferably in writing, without violating the right of the individual concerned.

Section 7. A teacher may apply for a vacant position for which he is qualified; provided that
he respects the system of selection on the basis of merit and competence; provided,
further, that all qualified candidates are given the opportunity to be considered.
Article VI: The Teacher and the Higher
Authorities in the Philippines
Section 1. Every teacher shall make it his duty to make an honest effort to
understand and support the legitimate policies of the school and the
administration regardless of personal feeling or private opinion and shall
faithfully carry them out.

Section 2. A teacher shall not make any false accusations or charges

against superiors, especially under anonymity. However, if there are valid
charges, he should present such under oath to competent authority.
Article VI: The Teacher and the Higher
Authorities in the Philippines
Section 3. A teacher shall transact all official business through channels except
when special conditions warrant a different procedure, such as when special
conditions are advocated but are opposed by immediate superiors, in which case,
the teacher shall appeal directly to the appropriate higher authority.

Section 4. Every teacher, individually or as part of a group, has a right to seek

redress against injustice to the administration and to the extent possible, shall
raise grievances within acceptable democratic process. In doing so, they shall
avoid jeopardizing the interest and the welfare of learners whose right to learn
must be respected.
Article VI: The Teacher and the Higher
Authorities in the Philippines
Section 5. Every teacher has a right to invoke the principle that
appointments, promotions, and transfer of teachers are made only
on the basis of merit and needed in the interest of the service.

Section 6. A teacher who accepts a position assumes a contractual

obligation to live up to his contract, assuming full knowledge of
employment terms and conditions.
 Article VII: School Officials, Teachers
and Other Personnel
Section 1. All school officials shall at all times show professional courtesy,
helpfulness and sympathy towards teachers and other personnel, such
practices being standard of effective school supervision, dignified
administration, responsible leadership and enlightened directions.

Section 2. School officials, teachers, and other school personnel shall

consider it their cooperative responsibility to formulate policies or
introduce important changes in the system at all levels.
 Article VII: School Officials, Teachers
and Other Personnel
Section 3. School officials shall encourage and attend the professional
growth of all teachers under them such as recommending them for
promotion, giving them due recognition for meritorious performance,
and allowing them to participate in conferences and training programs.

Section 4. No school officials shall dismiss or recommend for dismissal a

teacher or other subordinates except for cause.
 Article VII: School Officials, Teachers
and Other Personnel
Section 5. School authorities concern shall ensure that public
school teachers are employed in accordance with pertinent civil
service rules, and private school teachers art issued contracts
specifying the terms and conditions of their work; provided that
they are given, if qualified, subsequent permanent tenure, in
accordance with existing laws and provided further than they are
duly registered and licensed professional teachers.
 Article VIII: The Teachers
and Learners
Section 1. A teacher has the right and duty to determine the
academic marks and the promotions of learners in the subject
or grades he handles, provided that such determination shall be
in accordance with generally accepted procedures of
evaluation and measurement. In case of any complaint,
teachers concerned shall immediately take appropriate actions,
observing due process.
 Article VIII: The Teachers
and Learners
Section 2. A teacher shall recognize that the interest and
welfare of learners are his first and foremost concern, and
shall handle each learner justly and impartially.

Section 3. Under no circumstance shall a teacher be

prejudiced or discriminate against a learner.
 Article VIII: The Teachers
and Learners
Section 4. A teacher shall not accept favors or gifts from
learners, their parents or others their behalf in exchange for
requested concessions, especially if undeserved.

Section 5. A teacher shall not accept, directly or indirectly, any

remuneration from tutorials other than what is authorized for
such service.
 Article VIII: The Teachers
and Learners
Section 6. A teacher shall base the evaluation of the learner's
work only in merit and quality of academic performance.

Section 7. In a situation where mutual attraction and

subsequent love develop between teacher and learner, the
teacher shall exercise utmost professional discretion to avoid
scandal, gossip and preferential treatment of the learner.
 Article VIII: The Teachers
and Learners
Section 8. A teacher shall not inflict corporal punishment on offending
learners nor make deductions from their scholastic ratings as a
punishment for acts which are clearly not manifestation of poor
scholarship.

Section 9. A teacher shall ensure that conditions contribute to the

maximum development of learners are adequate, and shall extend needed
assistance in preventing or solving learner's problems and difficulties
 Article IX: The Teachers and
Parents
Section 1. Every teacher shall establish and maintain cordial relations with
parents, and shall conduct himself to merit their confidence and respect.

Section 2. Every teacher shall inform parents, through proper authorities, of

the progress and deficiencies of learners under him, exercising utmost
candor and tact in pointing out the learners' deficiencies and in seeking
parent's cooperation for the proper guidance and improvement of learners.
 Article IX: The Teachers and
Parents
Section 3. A teacher shall hear parent's
complaints with sympathy and understanding,
and shall discourage unfair criticism.
 Article X: The Teacher and
Business
Section 1. A teacher has the right to engage, directly or indirectly, in
legitimate income generation; provided that it does not relate to or
adversely affect his work as a teacher.

Section 2. A teacher shall maintain a good reputation with respect

to the financial matters such as in the settlement of his debts and
loans in arranging satisfactorily his private financial affairs.
 Article X: The Teacher and
Business
Section 3. No teacher shall act, directly or indirectly, as agent of, or be
financially interested in, any commercial venture which furnish textbooks
and other school commodities in the purchase and disposal of which he
can exercise official influence, except only when his assignment is
inherently, related to such purchase and disposal; provided they shall be in
accordance with the existing regulations; provided, further, that members
of duly recognized teachers cooperatives may participate in the
distribution and sale of such commodities.
 Article XI: The Teacher as a
Person
Section 1. A teacher is, above all, a human being endowed with life for
which it is the highest obligation to live with dignity at all times whether in
school, in the home, or elsewhere.

Section 2. A teacher shall place premium upon self-discipline as the

primary principle of personal behaviour in all relationships with others and
in all situations.
 Article XI: The Teacher as a
Person
Section 3. A teacher shall maintain at all times a dignified
personality which could serve as a model worthy of emulation
by learners, peers and all others.

Section 4. A teacher shall always recognize the Almighty God as

guide of his own destiny and of the destinies of men and
nations.
 Article XII: Disciplinary
Actions
Section 1. Any violation of any provision of this code shall be sufficient
ground for the imposition against the erring teacher of the
disciplinary action consisting of revocation of his Certification of
Registration and License as a Professional Teacher, suspension from
the practice of teaching profession, or reprimand or cancellation of
his temporary/special permit under causes specified in Sec. 23,
Article III or R.A. No. 7836, and under Rule 31, Article VIII, of the Rules
and Regulations Implementing R.A. 7836.
 Article XIII: Effectivity

Section 1. This Code shall take effect upon approval

by the Professional Regulation Commission and
after sixty (60) days following its publication in the
Official Gazette or any newspaper of general
circulation, whichever is earlier.
THANK YOU FOR Boado, Andrei Josh Emmanuel D.S.

LISTENING!
Casamayor, Franzchel S.
Flores, Karl Josef C.
Trogani, Jhudiel Frances E.