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Material Concrete F22

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Jai Sanders
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11 views46 pages

Material Concrete F22

Uploaded by

Jai Sanders
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Plasticity:

Capable of being molded or modeled. Capable of


adapting to varying conditions. Capable of being
deformed continuously and permanently in any
direction without rupture. Applies to substances
soft enough to be molded yet capable of hardening
into the desired fixed form.
Los Manantiales
Felix Candela
TWA
Eero Saarinen
O-14
Reiser + Umemoto
Materials: Concrete
properties, manufacturing, & standards
Properties:
Concrete
Structural material

Mix of Portland Cement, Sand, Aggregates and Water

Cured under controlled settings


Cement
Cement:

In combination with water, chemically binds the particles

Made of lime (limestone + heat + calcium oxide)

Portland Cement:

Hydraulic Cement

Mixture of lime & clay


Lime (limestone, marble, seashells)
Clay ( iron, silica, and alumina)

Burned in a rotary kiln

Clinker pulverized to a fine powder


Rotary Kiln
Mixtures
Firing process
Rotary Kiln
Processes
Types
I-V
Water
Pure & free of:
Organic material
Clay
Salts

Reacts with the cement in the curing of concrete

Ratio of water to cement determines:


Strength
Workability

Less water = greater strength, less fluidity

Water weight = less than 60% cement weight


Aggregates
Various inert mineral materials
(sand & gravel)

Hard, dimensionally stable, free of organic material

Added to cement paste to make concrete

60% to 80% of concrete volume

Important to concrete properties


(strength, weight, fire-resistance)
Aggregates
Sizes:

Fine - sand with particle sizes less than ¼”


Course - stone with particle sizes greater than ¼”

Sized according to rebar spacing & slab thickness

no greater than:
• 3/4 of the space between rebar
• 1/3 depth of the slab
• 1/5 thickness of a wall
Additives & Admixtures
Modify the physical properties of the concrete

Additives:
Dry powder, inorganic substances
Added in large quantities

Admixtures:
Chemical, liquid substances
Typically added in small quantities

Commonly used additives are:


Strength & Weight
Structural Concrete:
Field delivered at
3,000 – 6,000 psi 28-day strength

Normal Weight Concrete:


130-155 lbs. per cubic foot
3,000 psi

Light Weight Concrete:


85-115 lbs. per cubic foot
similar psi to normal weight concrete
(high-rise slab applications)

High Strength Concrete:


Greater than 6,000 psi
Manufacturing: (construction process)
Transit Mixed
Rotating drum

Route duration & rate


Slump Test
On site test

Determines:
The workability of the concrete mix
If concrete is too wet or too dry
Placing
Pour
Pump
Drop
Placing
Vertical:
Use a tremmie and a dropchute
Drop
Finish
Vibrate:
Settle concrete into all areas of the form

If not vibrated properly,


(gaps, cracks, and reduce strength)

Screed:
Levels top of concrete

Float:
Refines finish surface
Curing
Hydration:
Chemical reaction that happens as concrete cures

Process of crystallization binds the mixture components

Without water concrete will not gain its appropriate strength

Below 50 degrees hydration slows down significantly

Concrete must be kept moist during the curing process

28 day curing duration to reach designed bearing strength


Concrete Testing
Cylinder Test
Compressive Strength Test
Corrosion
Rust & Sulfates
Defects
Honeycombing
Caused by:
• insufficient fine material in the mix
• incorrect aggregate grading
• poor mixing
Standards:
Formwork
Reinforcing
Forming
Placing
Finishing
Formwork
Wall Elevation & Section
Formwork
Components:
Tie, Surface, Stud, Waler

Sketchbook Drawing
Formwork
Column forms:
Fiber, Cardboard, Wood, Metal
Formwork
Surface materials

Temporary:
Board, Plywood, Metal

Permanent:
Foam, Masonry
Steel Reinforcement
Tensile elements
Concrete is weak in tension

Ties together
vertical & horizontal elements

Concrete & Steel:

Similar rate of
expansion/contraction

Adhere well

Chemically compatible
Steel Reinforcement
Hot Rolled
Ribs help with mechanical bonding

Bar # refers to diameter in eighths


Steel Reinforcement
Protected by concrete from corrosion & fire
Steel Reinforcement
Welded Wire Fabric
Steel Reinforcement
Concrete & Metal Deck Slabs

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