Automotive engineering

BHEEMRAJ
Course Code: 21ME7E25 Course: AE

Credits: 3 L:T:P 3:0:0

SEE: 50% Marks CIE: 50% Marks

SEE Hours: 3 hours Max. Marks: 100

 Learning objectives
1.Understand the basic structure and components
of a vehicle.

2.Analyze the fundamental aspects of vehicle

dynamics.

3.Comprehend the principles and challenges of

autonomous vehicle technologies
 Module – 1
1.1 Overview of Automotive Systems: Introduction
to the automotive industry, Basic components and
layout of vehicles, Types of vehicles and their
classifications
- 04

1.2 Vehicle Architecture: Chassis, frame, and body,

Vehicle aerodynamics, Safety systems (passive and
active safety)

- 04
 Module – 2
2.1 Internal Combustion Engines: Engine
types and configurations, Thermodynamics of
ICE, Fuel types and emissions
-4

2.2 Alternative Power train: Electric and

hybrid vehicles, Battery technology and
management systems, Fuel cell technology
-4
 Module – 3
3.1 Transmission and Drivetrain: Basics of transmission
systems, Driveline and differential basics. Manual,
automatic, and CVT systems, Four-wheel drive and all-
wheel drive technologies

- 05

3.2 Braking Systems: Fundamentals of vehicle braking,

Anti-lock braking system (ABS), Electronic stability control
(ESC) and traction control

- 05
 Module – 4
4.1 Dynamics of Vehicles: Energy Basics of
vehicle dynamics, Handling, stability, and
control.
- 03
4.2 Suspension and steering systems: Basics
of Suspension and steering systems

- 03
 Module – 5
5.1 Sustainability: Recycling and life-cycle
assessment, Emission standards and
environmental impact, Future trends in
automotive manufacturing
- 04
5.2 Autonomous Vehicles: Principles of
autonomous vehicle technology, Technologies for
vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-
infrastructure (V2I) communication.

- 04
 Text Books:
1. Automotive Mechanics by William H
Crouse & Donald L Anglin, 10th Edition Tata
McGraw Hill Publishing company Ltd., Year
2008.

2. Automobile engineering by Dr. Kirpal singh.

Vol I and II, Standard Publisher - Year 2011.
 Reference Books:
1. Automobile Electrical and Electronic Systems
by Tom Denton, 5th Edition, Elsevier
Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004.

2. Automotive Mechanics, S Srinivasan, Tata

McGraw Hill 2003.

3. Fundamentals of Automotive engineering by K K

Ramalingam, Scitech Publications (India) Pvt.
Ltd., Year 2008
 Online Resources:

1. Fundamentals of Automotive Systems - Web

course in NPTEL
https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/107/106/1071060
88/ Overview

2. Introduction to Vehicle Dynamics - Web course in

NPTEL

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/107106080
 Module – 1
1.1 Overview of Automotive Systems: Introduction
to the automotive industry, Basic components and
layout of vehicles, Types of vehicles and their
classifications
- 04

1.2 Vehicle Architecture: Chassis, frame, and body,

Vehicle aerodynamics, Safety systems (passive and
active safety)

- 04
 1.1 Overview of Automotive
Systems:
Automotive engineering
✓Automotive engineering is a branch of
engineering focused on the design, development,
production, and maintenance of motor vehicles.

✓It encompasses a wide range of disciplines and

technologies, all aimed at improving vehicle
performance, safety, efficiency, and comfort.
 Introduction to the automotive industry

➢The automotive industry is a complex and

dynamic sector that involves the design,
development, manufacturing, marketing, and
sale of motor vehicles.

➢It encompasses a wide range of activities and

players, from large multinational corporations to
small specialized firms.
Basic components and layout of vehicles
Overview
 Types of Vehicles
There are many types of vehicles, each designed for specific purposes and environments.

1. Passenger Vehicles
• Cars: Standard vehicles for personal use. Includes sedans, hatchbacks, and coupes.
• SUVs: Sport Utility Vehicles, offering more space and off-road capability.
• Minivans: Designed for families with more seating and cargo space.
• Convertibles: Cars with a roof that can be folded down.
2. Commercial Vehicles
• Trucks: Includes pickup trucks, box trucks, and flatbeds for transporting goods.
• Vans: Often used for transporting cargo or people. Includes cargo vans and passenger vans.
• Buses: Designed for public transport or private group travel. Includes city buses and coach buses.
3. Motorcycles and Scooters
• Motorcycles: Two-wheeled vehicles with various types, including sport bikes, cruisers, and touring bikes.
• Scooters: Smaller, often with a step-through design. Includes both manual and automatic models.
4. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
• Electric Vehicles (EVs): Powered solely by electricity. Includes Tesla models and Nissan Leafs.
• Hybrid Vehicles: Combine an internal combustion engine with an electric motor. Includes models like the
Toyota Prius.
5. Specialized Vehicles
• Off-Road Vehicles: Designed for rough terrain. Includes ATVs (All-Terrain Vehicles) and UTVs (Utility Task
Vehicles).
• Recreational Vehicles (RVs): Includes motorhomes, campervans, and travel trailers.
• Golf Carts: Small electric or gas-powered vehicles used on golf courses and for short-distance travel.
6. Public Transport Vehicles
▪ Trains: Includes passenger trains, freight trains, and high-speed rail.
▪ Subways: Underground trains used in urban areas.
▪ Trams/Streetcars: Vehicles that run on tracks within city streets.
7. Watercraft
▪ Boats: Includes various types such as sailboats, motorboats, and fishing
boats.
▪ Ships: Larger vessels designed for carrying goods or passengers over
long distances.
▪ Submarines: Underwater vessels used for military or research purposes.
8. Aircraft
▪ Planes: Includes commercial airliners, private jets, and cargo planes.
▪ Helicopters: Rotorcraft used for various applications, including medical
evacuation and search and rescue.
▪ Drones: Unmanned aerial vehicles used for recreational, commercial, or
military purposes.
9. Alternative Vehicles
▪ Segways: Personal transporters that use gyroscopic sensors to maintain
balance.
▪ Hoverboards: Self-balancing scooters that move by shifting weight.
 Classification of Automobiles
1. Classification Based on Purpose:
Passenger Vehicles: These vehicles are designed to transport passengers and include examples like buses, cars, and
passenger trains.
Goods Vehicles: These automobiles are primarily used for the transportation of goods and include vehicles such as
goods lorries and goods carriers.
Special Purpose Vehicles: This category encompasses vehicles with unique functions, including ambulances, fire
engines, and military vehicles.
2. Classification Based on Load Capacity:
Light Duty Vehicles: These are compact motor vehicles such as cars, jeeps, scooters, and motorcycles.
Heavy Duty Vehicles: These larger and bulkier motor vehicles include buses, trucks, and tractors.
3. Classification Based on Fuel Used:
Petrol Engine Vehicles: This group comprises automobiles powered by petrol engines, including scooters, cars, and
motorcycles.
Diesel Engine Vehicles: These are vehicles powered by diesel engines, such as trucks, buses, and tractors.
Gas Vehicles: This category includes vehicles that use gas turbines as a power source, such as turbine-powered cars.
Electric Vehicles: These automobiles rely on electricity as their power source, like electric cars and electric buses.
Steam Engine Vehicles: Vehicles in this category are powered by steam engines and include steamboats, steam
locomotives, and steam wagons.
4. Classification Based on Drive of the Vehicles:
Left-Hand Drive: These vehicles have the steering wheel on the left-hand side.
Right-Hand Drive: Vehicles with the steering wheel on the right-hand side.
Fluid Drive: This category comprises vehicles that employ torque converters, fluid flywheels, or hydramatic
transmissions.
5. Classification Based on Number of Wheels and Axles:
Two-Wheelers: This includes motorcycles and scooters.
Three-Wheelers: Examples are tempo and auto-rickshaws.
Four-Wheelers: These are standard vehicles like cars, jeeps, buses, and
trucks.
Six-Wheelers: Buses and trucks in this category have six tires, with four of
them carried on the rear wheels for additional support.
Six Axle Wheelers: Examples include vehicles like Dodge with ten tires.
6. Classification Based on Type of Transmission:
Automatic Transmission Vehicles: These automobiles are capable of
changing gear ratios automatically, such as automatic transmission cars.
Manual Transmission Vehicles: This category includes vehicles where
gear ratios must be changed manually.
Semi-Automatic Transmission Vehicles: These vehicles enable manual
gear changing with a clutch pedal.
7. Classification Based on Suspension System Used:
Conventional Suspension: This type uses leaf springs.
Independent Suspension: Examples include coil springs, torsion bars, and
pneumatic suspension.