Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Lab Manual Engr.

Abdul Ghani

Basic Electrical and Electronics

Engineering Lab (EE-206L)
(Fall 2024)

Lab Report # 01

Submitted By:

Name: _____________________
Roll No: _____________________

Submitted To:
Engr. Abdul Ghani

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Air University - Aerospace and Aviation Campus,
Kamra
 Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Lab Manual Engr. Abdul Ghani

AIR UNIVERSITY, AEROSPACE & AVIATION

CAMPUS KAMRA
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

LAB 01

LAB TITLE: Oscilloscope and Function Generator

LAB ASSESSMENT:

Excellent Good Unsatisfactory

Attributes Poor (0)
(5) (3 - 4) (1 - 2)
Ability to Perceive
Safety rules
Ability to perform and
simulate the results

Total Marks: ______________ Obtained Marks: ______________

LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT:

Excellent Good Unsatisfactory

Attributes Poor (0)
(5) (3 - 4) (1 - 2)
Calculations and Results
Analysis Question &
Conclusion

Total Marks: ______________ Obtained Marks: ______________

 Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Lab Manual Engr. Abdul Ghani

EXPERIMENT NO 1:
Oscilloscope and Function Generator
OBJECTIVE:
 To become familiar with the operation and use of the oscilloscope and the function
generator.
Equipment:
 Oscilloscope
 Function Generator
THEORY:
 Oscilloscope
An oscilloscope is a laboratory instrument commonly used to display and analyze
the waveform of electronic signals. In effect, the device draws a graph of the instantaneous
signal voltage as a function of time.
The screen of oscilloscope is divided into horizontal and vertical divisions. The vertical
sensitivity is provided in volts/div and horizontal sensitivity is in time/div. The magnitude of
the vertical signal can be provided by the relation:
Signal Voltage = Vertical Sensitivity (V/div) x Number of Divisions
Similarly, the time period of the signal can be determined by the following relation:
Period of Waveform = Horizontal Sensitivity (sec/div) x Number of Divisions

Figure 1
 Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Lab Manual Engr. Abdul Ghani

Figure 2 - Front Panel Instruction

 User Interface

Figure 3 - Display Screen

 Function Generator
A function generator is a specific form of signal generator that is able to generate
waveforms with common shapes. Unlike RF generators and some others that only create sine
waves, the function generator is able to create repetitive waveforms with a number of common
 Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Lab Manual Engr. Abdul Ghani

shapes. In particular, it can be made to become a sine wave generator, square wave generator,
and triangular wave generator.
Also, a function generator may be able to vary the characteristics of the waveforms, changing
the length of the pulse, i.e., the mark space ratio, or the ramps of the different edges of triangular
or saw tooth waveforms, but it is only being able to create the waveforms that are built in to
the function generator.
Apart from just generating the waveforms themselves, this type of test instrument has the
capability to add a DC offset to the signal. This can be very useful in a number of testing
applications.

Figure 4 - Function Generator Front Panel

Figure 5 - Display of Function Generator

 Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Lab Manual Engr. Abdul Ghani

Safety precautions to minimize hazards

It is important to realize that even small levels of current through the human body can cause serious,
dangerous side effects. Experimental results reveal that the human body begins to react to currents
of only a few milliamperes. Although most individuals can withstand currents up to perhaps 10 mA
for very short periods of time without serious side effects, any current over 10 mA should be
considered dangerous. In fact, currents of 50 mA can cause severe shock, and currents of over 100
mA can be fatal.
General Precautions
 Be calm and relaxed, while working in Lab.
 When working with voltages over 40V or with currents over 10A, there must be at least two
people in the lab at all times.
 Keep the work area neat and clean.
 No paper lying on table or nearby circuits.
 Wear safety glasses when working with the circuit at high power or high voltage.
 Use rubber floor mats (if available) to insulate yourself from ground, when working in the
Lab.
 Be sure about the locations of extinguishers and first aid kits in lab.
 A switch should be included in each supply circuit so that when opened, these switches will
de-energize the entire setup. Place these switches so that you can reach them quickly in case
of emergency, and without reaching across hot or high voltage components.

Precautions to be taken when preparing a circuit

Use only isolated power sources (either isolated power supplies or AC power through isolation
power transformers). This helps using a grounded oscilloscope and reduces the possibility of risk
of completing a circuit through your body or destroying the test equipment.

Precautions using the oscilloscopes and multi-meters

Oscilloscopes are among the most expensive instruments in the lab. Be careful when working with
one.
 Be aware that the ground clips of the probes for all the 4 channels are internally connected to
each other and to safety ground.
 Be extremely careful when making multiple measurements simultaneously. Use isolated
probes available.
 Make sure the multi-meter is set to proper mode for the measurement being made. Never put
in current mode for any other measurement.

Precautions to be taken before powering the circuit

When connecting the power supply and load to the experimental board, the sequence of the
connection to be made is from the load to the power supply, which helps to avoid any floating wire
or connector to be charged or shorted to each other. Never let connection wires connected to the
power supply or the output port of the experimental board to be floating. Check for all the
connections of the circuit and scope connections before powering the circuit, to avoid shorting or
any ground looping, which may lead to electrical shocks or damage of equipment.
 Check any connections for shorting two different voltage levels.
 Check if you have connected load at the output.
 Double check your wiring and circuit connections. It is a good idea to use a point-to-point
wiring diagram to review when making these checks.
 Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Lab Manual Engr. Abdul Ghani

LAB TASK
 Set the function generator for Sine waveform.
 Adjust frequency 1kHz, Amplitude Vpeak-peak = 5V. Add DC Offset of 1V.
 Now apply this signal to Oscilloscope.
 Set the oscilloscope so that signal can be viewed properly.
 Now save the bitmap image of the output on oscilloscope in USB drive and attach that in
Lab Report.
 Also take a picture of function generator settings and attach in the Lab Report.
 Set the function generator for Squre waveform.
 Adjust frequency 1kHz, Amplitude Vpeak-peak= 10V. Add DC Offset of 2V.
 Now apply this signal to Oscilloscope.
 Set the oscilloscope so that signal can be viewed properly.
 Now save the bitmap image of the output on oscilloscope in USB drive and attach that in
Lab Report.
 Also take a picture of function generator settings and attach in the Lab Report.


ANALYSIS QUESTIONS:
1. What kind of signals can you measure with an oscilloscope?
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2. What is trigger system in oscilloscope?

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 Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Lab Manual Engr. Abdul Ghani

3. What is the function of USB Host of the function generator?

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CONCLUSION: