JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK

SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity

Name: ____________________________
Module Module Title Technology for Teaching and Learning 1
5-6
Course Code EDUC 108
Unit Title Pictorial Media
Dates February 7-18, 2022
Unit Content * Flat Pictures (Still Pictures)
Flat pictures are representation of objects or things on a flat surface. They are the
cheapest and the most readily available of all learning materials. Many of them are free.
Teachers and students can gather pictures from magazines, newspapers, advertisements,
pamphlet, posters, circulars and other things. But like all other learning materials, their
values and their selection and use should be given careful considerations.
Guidelines to teaching with Pictures
1. Pictures must be clearly seen by everyone
2. Students/pupils must be given a chance to point out what they think are the important
aspect of the picture.
3. The teachers must supplement pupils’ comments to make sure that nothing has been
omitted.
4. Teachers and pupils should discuss together what they find in the picture.
5. The picture used in class should lead to the accumulation of related pictures in the
textbook.
6. If the picture used in class stirs the pupils to attempt at illustrating their own, it is
good evidence that a sound use has been made of them.
7. Pictures ought to supply incentives for the use of auxiliary aids, like motion picture,
filmstrips and others.
8. Pictures ought to promote supplementary reading.
Reading Pictures
We read pictures in the same way that we read a page of words. We derive the message
from the medium by attaching meaning to it.
A picture can be read in four levels as follow:
1. Enumerative level – this level merely calls for the giving of what one sees in the
picture e.g. flower, ball, dog, etc.
2. Descriptive level – giving a sentence on what is seen or how one sees in the picture
looks like, e.g. I see a big yellow flower. The ball is red.
3. Interpretative Level – giving more meaningful sentences which are of the inference
type, e.g. The yellow flower is the favorite of the girl. Father gives the red ball on the
boy’s birthday.
4. Integrative Level – this is relating what one sees in the picture to life. Mother bought
plastic sunflower from the superstore. It decorates our living room. Or I play ball
with my friends on Sundays.
Reading pictures can be most rewarding if the students/pupils are given as to what to see
and how to see things in the picture. They must be guided to interpret and draw inferences
about what they see. Pictures must not be merely displayed; they should be read and talked
about. That is why it is necessary that the teacher should choose those which are related and
relevant to children’s interest, experiences and maturity. This is to encourage thoughtful
seeing and discourse.
* Photographs
Photographs are also still pictures, which can be mounted or unmounted, photographic
reproductions taken from a magazine, newspaper or books. They appear in black and white
or in full color. They can be filed by subjects or displayed in the bulletin board. In the
choice of photographs, teachers should choose those that suggest motion of the candid
shots, as they are more interesting and life-like. Shotgun pictures do not pose so much
challenges and interest; hence discussion about them is limited.
* Illustrations
Illustrations are non-photographic reconstruction or representation of reality, etched or
drawn by an illustrator, the teacher or the students/leaners themselves. Illustrations show the
direction at which movement must take its course or instruction on how to go about
assembling a tool in science or a material or equipment. This can be used for specific
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
situations. Illustrations can be black and white or in full color. They can be prepared ahead
of time or the teacher can draw them on the chalkboard while the class is going on. Like the
photographs they can be used by individual student/pupil or for a group of learners.
Purposes for which flat picture, photographs and illustrations can be used for teaching.
1. To concretize words and symbols – when teachers talks about a haunted house pupils
will not be able to imagine what kind of house is it, how does it looks like, but if a
picture is being shown, the learners will have a specific visualization of the kind of
haunted house the teacher is talking about. Pupils will then have uniform information
about the topics discussed.
2. To lend meaning to what one reads – in a Science class students read about single-
celled organism like the amoeba or the paramecium. An enlarge picture of both when
seen by the pupils will enrich what they read. Like wise if reading about atoms and
molecules. Seeing an illustration about them will enrich their understanding of what
they are.
3. To introduce or motivate – in a Literature class, where students are required to read
the Ilocano epic, Biag ni Lam-ang, pictures of some episodes from the epic may
arouse curiosity and interest to read it. The pictorial background can serve to orient
the class to the kind of literary piece they are going to read.
4. To correct misconceptions – pictures and photographs can make meanings more
vivid and cleaver, because they can capture scenes, emotions and details which
words are not able to describe. Concepts are non-pictorial, but they can help in
developing and presenting them. Liberty is a concept, which is non-pictorial, but
pictures showing the effects and the signs of liberty can help one to better understand
it.
5. To summarize a unit – to give a fuller grasp of the unit, pictures, photographs and
illustrations should supplement and complement what pupils read in references and
what they heard from the lectures of teachers. Pictures should become an integral
part of the learning process.
6. To arouse emotions – pictures arouse emotions; hence they compel one’s attention. A
violent picture may stimulate one to dislike the act; a beautiful landscape may evoke
appreciation while a colorful dish arrangement with garnishing may stimulate
appetite. This arousal focuses one’s attention and sustains his drives about it. This
condition facilitates teaching and learning.
* Flashcards
Flashcards are valuable material for drill activities particularly in the teaching of
Mathematics, English, and Filipino. Drills are very important means of fixing the skills and
automatizing the responses of pupils/students. Flashcards serve the purpose when used very
well. Flashcards come in the form of word cards, phrase cards, sentence cards, mathematical
combination cards and picture cards.
The following are considerations in using flashcards.
1. The flashcards must be bold and big enough to be seen by everybody.
2. Flash the cards in a fast or snappy manner to develop fast thinking or response. This
will enable the pupils to automatize response.
3. Flash the cards from back to front. Write the answer at the back of each flashcard so
that as you flash you can see the answer and thus you will be able to check if the
response of the pupils is correct or not.
4. Hold the flashcards firmly at your chest level. Take care not to hide the words of the
math combinations written in it.
Unit Learning At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
Objectives
a. to identify the pictorial media and give the characteristics of each.
b. to produce samples of pictorial media, and
c. to answer the following questions
Learning The learners will be able to master and understand the Pictorial Media in Teaching for
Competencies
Learning.
Graduate This includes ICT Policies and safety issues, media and technology in various content
Attributes
areas, learning theories and principles in the use and design of learning lessons, teaching-
learning experiences and assessment tasks that utilize appropriate traditional and innovative
technologies considering social, ethical and legal responsibility. (COMMUNITY
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
BUILDER)
Terminologies ICT is a broad subject and the concepts are evolving. It covers any product that will store,
retrieve, manipulate, transmit, or receive information electronically in a digital form (e.g.,
personal computers, digital television, email, or robots).
Activities After reading and understanding the unit content, differentiate the types/kinds of pictorial
media.
Assessment After reading and understanding the unit content and activities, enumerate the four (4) levels
of reading pictures and provide five (5) examples each..
Assignment In your own answer sheet, search for the different Visual Symbols.
Unit Summary This is an introductory course that explores basic knowledge and skills and values in the use of
technology for teaching and learning. This course includes ICT Policies and safety issues, media and
technology in various content areas, learning theories and principles in the use and design of
learning lessons, teaching-learning experiences and assessment tasks that utilize appropriate
traditional and innovative technologies considering social, ethical and legal responsibility.
Research Link Search for:
 https://quizlet.com/515743269/module-2-ict-policies-and-issues-implications-toteaching-
and-learningglobalization-summer-flash-cards/
 Teaching Educational Technology

MICHAEL P. ARGONILLO, LPT, MAED (u)

Contact Number: 09606457549
FB (mihchael parcon argonillo) Gmail (margonillo541@gmail.com)

Note: Ibabalik ang modyul bago o sa February 21, 2022

Components of Fitness
When planning a well-rounded exercise program, it is important to understand the five components of physical
fitness
and how your training affects them. The components include: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength,
muscular
endurance, flexibility, and body composition. In general, achieving an adequate level of fitness in all five
categories is
essential to good health.
1. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
This component of fitness relies on proper functioning of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to transport
oxygen to
your tissues and carry away metabolic waste products. Physical activity that trains for cardiorespiratory
endurance
focuses on repetitive, dynamic, and prolonged movements using major muscle groups. You are
improving this
component when you are jogging, cycling, swimming, hiking, and walking.
2. Muscular Fitness
While there are five components of fitness, muscular strength and muscular endurance can fall
under the same
umbrella of muscular fitness. Both of these components focus on training your neuromuscular system, but in
different
ways. Muscular strength refers to the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce at one time, also referred
to as a
one repetition maximum. You can train your muscles to be stronger by lifting heavy weights for a few
repetitions.
Common exercises that focus on muscular strength include loaded squats, leg press, and bench press.
3. Muscular endurance
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue while exerting a submaximal amount of force.
Essentially,
it is a measure of how long a muscle can withstand a prolonged contraction or many repeated contractions.
Training for
muscular endurance requires you to perform many repetitions at a lower weight than you would use for
muscular
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
strength. Some common exercises that assess muscular endurance include pushups, sit-ups, and
pull-ups – all
performed to a point of fatigue. Even if you are not specifically training for muscular strength or endurance,
they are
still very important for daily living. Muscular strength, for example, must be called upon when lifting boxes and
moving
furniture. Meanwhile, your leg muscles must have enough endurance to walk long distances. Even the muscles
of your
core must stay “on” to support your posture when seated and standing.
4. Flexibility
Flexibility is the ability of your joints to move through a range of motion. This component of fitness helps to
prevent
muscular imbalances and allows you to move about with ease. Two common ways to improve flexibility are
static
stretching (holding a stretch for 30-60 seconds) and dynamic stretching (holding a stretch for a
few seconds and
repeating for multiple reps). Your heart rate response will vary with the type of flexibility training you perform;
in
general, your heart rate will be at or slightly above your resting value.
5. Body Composition
The last component of physical fitness, body composition, refers to the ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (such
as
muscle, bone, organs, and more) in your body. Overall health generally improves when you have a lower
amount of fat
mass (or lower percent body fat) and higher amount of lean muscle mass
Components of Fitness
When planning a well-rounded exercise program, it is important to understand the five components of physical
fitness
and how your training affects them. The components include: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength,
muscular
endurance, flexibility, and body composition. In general, achieving an adequate level of fitness in all five
categories is
essential to good health.
1. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
This component of fitness relies on proper functioning of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to transport
oxygen to
your tissues and carry away metabolic waste products. Physical activity that trains for cardiorespiratory
endurance
focuses on repetitive, dynamic, and prolonged movements using major muscle groups. You are
improving this
component when you are jogging, cycling, swimming, hiking, and walking.
2. Muscular Fitness
While there are five components of fitness, muscular strength and muscular endurance can fall
under the same
umbrella of muscular fitness. Both of these components focus on training your neuromuscular system, but in
different
ways. Muscular strength refers to the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce at one time, also referred
to as a
one repetition maximum. You can train your muscles to be stronger by lifting heavy weights for a few
repetitions.
Common exercises that focus on muscular strength include loaded squats, leg press, and bench press.
3. Muscular endurance
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue while exerting a submaximal amount of force.
Essentially,
it is a measure of how long a muscle can withstand a prolonged contraction or many repeated contractions.
Training for
muscular endurance requires you to perform many repetitions at a lower weight than you would use for
muscular
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
strength. Some common exercises that assess muscular endurance include pushups, sit-ups, and
pull-ups – all
performed to a point of fatigue. Even if you are not specifically training for muscular strength or endurance,
they are
still very important for daily living. Muscular strength, for example, must be called upon when lifting boxes and
moving
furniture. Meanwhile, your leg muscles must have enough endurance to walk long distances. Even the muscles
of your
core must stay “on” to support your posture when seated and standing.
4. Flexibility
Flexibility is the ability of your joints to move through a range of motion. This component of fitness helps to
prevent
muscular imbalances and allows you to move about with ease. Two common ways to improve flexibility are
static
stretching (holding a stretch for 30-60 seconds) and dynamic stretching (holding a stretch for a
few seconds and
repeating for multiple reps). Your heart rate response will vary with the type of flexibility training you perform;
in
general, your heart rate will be at or slightly above your resting value.
5. Body Composition
The last component of physical fitness, body composition, refers to the ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (such
as
muscle, bone, organs, and more) in your body. Overall health generally improves when you have a lower
amount of fat
mass (or lower percent body fat) and higher amount of lean muscle mass
Components of Fitness
When planning a well-rounded exercise program, it is important to understand the five components of physical
fitness
and how your training affects them. The components include: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength,
muscular
endurance, flexibility, and body composition. In general, achieving an adequate level of fitness in all five
categories is
essential to good health.
1. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
This component of fitness relies on proper functioning of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to transport
oxygen to
your tissues and carry away metabolic waste products. Physical activity that trains for cardiorespiratory
endurance
focuses on repetitive, dynamic, and prolonged movements using major muscle groups. You are
improving this
component when you are jogging, cycling, swimming, hiking, and walking.
2. Muscular Fitness
While there are five components of fitness, muscular strength and muscular endurance can fall
under the same
umbrella of muscular fitness. Both of these components focus on training your neuromuscular system, but in
different
ways. Muscular strength refers to the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce at one time, also referred
to as a
one repetition maximum. You can train your muscles to be stronger by lifting heavy weights for a few
repetitions.
Common exercises that focus on muscular strength include loaded squats, leg press, and bench press.
3. Muscular endurance
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue while exerting a submaximal amount of force.
Essentially,
it is a measure of how long a muscle can withstand a prolonged contraction or many repeated contractions.
Training for
muscular endurance requires you to perform many repetitions at a lower weight than you would use for
muscular
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
strength. Some common exercises that assess muscular endurance include pushups, sit-ups, and
pull-ups – all
performed to a point of fatigue. Even if you are not specifically training for muscular strength or endurance,
they are
still very important for daily living. Muscular strength, for example, must be called upon when lifting boxes and
moving
furniture. Meanwhile, your leg muscles must have enough endurance to walk long distances. Even the muscles
of your
core must stay “on” to support your posture when seated and standing.
4. Flexibility
Flexibility is the ability of your joints to move through a range of motion. This component of fitness helps to
prevent
muscular imbalances and allows you to move about with ease. Two common ways to improve flexibility are
static
stretching (holding a stretch for 30-60 seconds) and dynamic stretching (holding a stretch for a
few seconds and
repeating for multiple reps). Your heart rate response will vary with the type of flexibility training you perform;
in
general, your heart rate will be at or slightly above your resting value.
5. Body Composition
The last component of physical fitness, body composition, refers to the ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (such
as
muscle, bone, organs, and more) in your body. Overall health generally improves when you have a lower
amount of fat
mass (or lower percent body fat) and higher amount of lean muscle mass
Components of Fitness
When planning a well-rounded exercise program, it is important to understand the five components of physical
fitness
and how your training affects them. The components include: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength,
muscular
endurance, flexibility, and body composition. In general, achieving an adequate level of fitness in all five
categories is
essential to good health.
1. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
This component of fitness relies on proper functioning of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to transport
oxygen to
your tissues and carry away metabolic waste products. Physical activity that trains for cardiorespiratory
endurance
focuses on repetitive, dynamic, and prolonged movements using major muscle groups. You are
improving this
component when you are jogging, cycling, swimming, hiking, and walking.
2. Muscular Fitness
While there are five components of fitness, muscular strength and muscular endurance can fall
under the same
umbrella of muscular fitness. Both of these components focus on training your neuromuscular system, but in
different
ways. Muscular strength refers to the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce at one time, also referred
to as a
one repetition maximum. You can train your muscles to be stronger by lifting heavy weights for a few
repetitions.
Common exercises that focus on muscular strength include loaded squats, leg press, and bench press.
3. Muscular endurance
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue while exerting a submaximal amount of force.
Essentially,
it is a measure of how long a muscle can withstand a prolonged contraction or many repeated contractions.
Training for
muscular endurance requires you to perform many repetitions at a lower weight than you would use for
muscular
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
strength. Some common exercises that assess muscular endurance include pushups, sit-ups, and
pull-ups – all
performed to a point of fatigue. Even if you are not specifically training for muscular strength or endurance,
they are
still very important for daily living. Muscular strength, for example, must be called upon when lifting boxes and
moving
furniture. Meanwhile, your leg muscles must have enough endurance to walk long distances. Even the muscles
of your
core must stay “on” to support your posture when seated and standing.
4. Flexibility
Flexibility is the ability of your joints to move through a range of motion. This component of fitness helps to
prevent
muscular imbalances and allows you to move about with ease. Two common ways to improve flexibility are
static
stretching (holding a stretch for 30-60 seconds) and dynamic stretching (holding a stretch for a
few seconds and
repeating for multiple reps). Your heart rate response will vary with the type of flexibility training you perform;
in
general, your heart rate will be at or slightly above your resting value.
5. Body Composition
The last component of physical fitness, body composition, refers to the ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (such
as
muscle, bone, organs, and more) in your body. Overall health generally improves when you have a lower
amount of fat
mass (or lower percent body fat) and higher amount of lean muscle mass
Components of Fitness
When planning a well-rounded exercise program, it is important to understand the five components of physical
fitness
and how your training affects them. The components include: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength,
muscular
endurance, flexibility, and body composition. In general, achieving an adequate level of fitness in all five
categories is
essential to good health.
1. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
This component of fitness relies on proper functioning of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to transport
oxygen to
your tissues and carry away metabolic waste products. Physical activity that trains for cardiorespiratory
endurance
focuses on repetitive, dynamic, and prolonged movements using major muscle groups. You are
improving this
component when you are jogging, cycling, swimming, hiking, and walking.
2. Muscular Fitness
While there are five components of fitness, muscular strength and muscular endurance can fall
under the same
umbrella of muscular fitness. Both of these components focus on training your neuromuscular system, but in
different
ways. Muscular strength refers to the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce at one time, also referred
to as a
one repetition maximum. You can train your muscles to be stronger by lifting heavy weights for a few
repetitions.
Common exercises that focus on muscular strength include loaded squats, leg press, and bench press.
3. Muscular endurance
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue while exerting a submaximal amount of force.
Essentially,
it is a measure of how long a muscle can withstand a prolonged contraction or many repeated contractions.
Training for
muscular endurance requires you to perform many repetitions at a lower weight than you would use for
muscular
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
strength. Some common exercises that assess muscular endurance include pushups, sit-ups, and
pull-ups – all
performed to a point of fatigue. Even if you are not specifically training for muscular strength or endurance,
they are
still very important for daily living. Muscular strength, for example, must be called upon when lifting boxes and
moving
furniture. Meanwhile, your leg muscles must have enough endurance to walk long distances. Even the muscles
of your
core must stay “on” to support your posture when seated and standing.
4. Flexibility
Flexibility is the ability of your joints to move through a range of motion. This component of fitness helps to
prevent
muscular imbalances and allows you to move about with ease. Two common ways to improve flexibility are
static
stretching (holding a stretch for 30-60 seconds) and dynamic stretching (holding a stretch for a
few seconds and
repeating for multiple reps). Your heart rate response will vary with the type of flexibility training you perform;
in
general, your heart rate will be at or slightly above your resting value.
5. Body Composition
The last component of physical fitness, body composition, refers to the ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (such
as
muscle, bone, organs, and more) in your body. Overall health generally improves when you have a lower
amount of fat
mass (or lower percent body fat) and higher amount of lean muscle mass
Components of Fitness
When planning a well-rounded exercise program, it is important to understand the five components of physical
fitness
and how your training affects them. The components include: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength,
muscular
endurance, flexibility, and body composition. In general, achieving an adequate level of fitness in all five
categories is
essential to good health.
1. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
This component of fitness relies on proper functioning of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to transport
oxygen to
your tissues and carry away metabolic waste products. Physical activity that trains for cardiorespiratory
endurance
focuses on repetitive, dynamic, and prolonged movements using major muscle groups. You are
improving this
component when you are jogging, cycling, swimming, hiking, and walking.
2. Muscular Fitness
While there are five components of fitness, muscular strength and muscular endurance can fall
under the same
umbrella of muscular fitness. Both of these components focus on training your neuromuscular system, but in
different
ways. Muscular strength refers to the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce at one time, also referred
to as a
one repetition maximum. You can train your muscles to be stronger by lifting heavy weights for a few
repetitions.
Common exercises that focus on muscular strength include loaded squats, leg press, and bench press.
3. Muscular endurance
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue while exerting a submaximal amount of force.
Essentially,
it is a measure of how long a muscle can withstand a prolonged contraction or many repeated contractions.
Training for
muscular endurance requires you to perform many repetitions at a lower weight than you would use for
muscular
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
strength. Some common exercises that assess muscular endurance include pushups, sit-ups, and
pull-ups – all
performed to a point of fatigue. Even if you are not specifically training for muscular strength or endurance,
they are
still very important for daily living. Muscular strength, for example, must be called upon when lifting boxes and
moving
furniture. Meanwhile, your leg muscles must have enough endurance to walk long distances. Even the muscles
of your
core must stay “on” to support your posture when seated and standing.
4. Flexibility
Flexibility is the ability of your joints to move through a range of motion. This component of fitness helps to
prevent
muscular imbalances and allows you to move about with ease. Two common ways to improve flexibility are
static
stretching (holding a stretch for 30-60 seconds) and dynamic stretching (holding a stretch for a
few seconds and
repeating for multiple reps). Your heart rate response will vary with the type of flexibility training you perform;
in
general, your heart rate will be at or slightly above your resting value.
5. Body Composition
The last component of physical fitness, body composition, refers to the ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (such
as
muscle, bone, organs, and more) in your body. Overall health generally improves when you have a lower
amount of fat
mass (or lower percent body fat) and higher amount of lean muscle mass
Components of Fitness
When planning a well-rounded exercise program, it is important to understand the five components of physical
fitness
and how your training affects them. The components include: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength,
muscular
endurance, flexibility, and body composition. In general, achieving an adequate level of fitness in all five
categories is
essential to good health.
1. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
This component of fitness relies on proper functioning of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to transport
oxygen to
your tissues and carry away metabolic waste products. Physical activity that trains for cardiorespiratory
endurance
focuses on repetitive, dynamic, and prolonged movements using major muscle groups. You are
improving this
component when you are jogging, cycling, swimming, hiking, and walking.
2. Muscular Fitness
While there are five components of fitness, muscular strength and muscular endurance can fall
under the same
umbrella of muscular fitness. Both of these components focus on training your neuromuscular system, but in
different
ways. Muscular strength refers to the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce at one time, also referred
to as a
one repetition maximum. You can train your muscles to be stronger by lifting heavy weights for a few
repetitions.
Common exercises that focus on muscular strength include loaded squats, leg press, and bench press.
3. Muscular endurance
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue while exerting a submaximal amount of force.
Essentially,
it is a measure of how long a muscle can withstand a prolonged contraction or many repeated contractions.
Training for
muscular endurance requires you to perform many repetitions at a lower weight than you would use for
muscular
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
strength. Some common exercises that assess muscular endurance include pushups, sit-ups, and
pull-ups – all
performed to a point of fatigue. Even if you are not specifically training for muscular strength or endurance,
they are
still very important for daily living. Muscular strength, for example, must be called upon when lifting boxes and
moving
furniture. Meanwhile, your leg muscles must have enough endurance to walk long distances. Even the muscles
of your
core must stay “on” to support your posture when seated and standing.
4. Flexibility
Flexibility is the ability of your joints to move through a range of motion. This component of fitness helps to
prevent
muscular imbalances and allows you to move about with ease. Two common ways to improve flexibility are
static
stretching (holding a stretch for 30-60 seconds) and dynamic stretching (holding a stretch for a
few seconds and
repeating for multiple reps). Your heart rate response will vary with the type of flexibility training you perform;
in
general, your heart rate will be at or slightly above your resting value.
5. Body Composition
The last component of physical fitness, body composition, refers to the ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (such
as
muscle, bone, organs, and more) in your body. Overall health generally improves when you have a lower
amount of fat
mass (or lower percent body fat) and higher amount of lean muscle ma