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Sampling-Techniques Presentation

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72 views20 pages

Sampling-Techniques Presentation

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zhuanvin
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Sampling

Techniques
JANELLE L. CURATO
JERHYNE KATES G. CATAYAS
KISHLADY LOU L. CONDOLON
Sampling
-involves choosing a smaller,
manageable subset of individuals or
elements from a larger population for
the purpose of studying and drawing
conclusions about that population.
Representing a population
A sample refers to a portion of the population.

It is u
repre sed to
POPULATION SAMPLE sent
popu the
lation
a stu in
dy.
TWO TYPES OF POPULATION
➢ Target population -is the actual population, for example, all
Senior High School Students enrolled in Science, Technology,
Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) in the Division of Surigao
del Sur.

➢ Accessible population -is the portion of the population in


which the researcher has reasonable access, for example all
Senior High School enrolled, STEM strand at Barobo National
High School.
Approaches in Identifying
the Sample Size
• Heuristics - This approach refers to the rule of the thumb for
sample size. The early established approach by Gay (1976) stated
by Cristobal and Dela Cruz-Cristobal (2017, p 172), sample sizes for
different research designs are the following:
Approaches in Identifying
the Sample Size
• Lunenberg and Irby (2008), as cited by Barrot (2017, p 107), also
suggested different sample sizes for each quantitative research
design.
Literature Review -Another approach is by reading similar or
related literature and studies to your current research study.
Since you are done writing your review of related literature and
studies, you might want to recall how these studies determine
sample size. Using this approach increases the validity of your
sampling procedure

Formulas -Formulas are also being established for the


computation of an acceptable sample size. The common formula
is Slovin’s Formula.
SLOVIN’S FORMULA
Is used to calculate the sample size (n) given the population size
(N) and a margin of error (e).

It's a random sampling technique formula to estimate sampling


size
n = no. of samples
It is computed as n = N / (1+Ne2) N = total population
e = error margin /
margin of error
Slovin’s Formula
When to use Slovin's formula?
If a sample is taken from a population, a formula must be used to
take into account confidence levels and margins of error. When
taking statistical samples, sometimes a lot is known about a
population, sometimes a little and sometimes nothing at all.
HOW TO USE:
first figure out what you want your error of tolerance to be. For example, you may
be happy with a confidence level of 95 percent (giving a margin error of 0.05), or
you may require a tighter accuracy of a 98 percent confidence level (a margin of
error of 0.02). Plug your population size and required margin of error into the
formula. The result will be the number of samples you need to take.

n = no. of samples

N = total population

e = error margin /
margin of error
HOW TO USE:
first figure out what you want your error of tolerance to be. For example, you may
be happy with a confidence level of 95 percent (giving a margin error of 0.05), or
you may require a tighter accuracy of a 98 percent confidence level (a margin of
error of 0.02). Plug your population size and required margin of error into the
formula. The result will be the number of samples you need to take.

n = no. of samples

N = total population

e = error margin /
margin of error
HOW TO USE:
Total population (N) = 500 students
Margin of error (e) = 8%

Step 1: Understanding the Formula Remember, the formula is: n = N / (1 +


Ne²)
Step 2: Calculating the Sample Size Let's plug in the numbers:
n = 500 / (1 + 500 * 0.08²)

Step 3: Solving the Equation Now, let's solve it step by step:


n = 500 / (1 + 500 * 0.0064)
n = 500 / (1 + 3.2)
n = 500 / 4.2n≈ 119.05
Types of Sampling
Techniques
Probability Non-Probability
Sampling Sampling
Probability Sampling:
Simple Random Sampling: Every member of the population has
an equal chance of being selected.
Stratified Sampling: The population is divided into subgroups
(strata) based on certain characteristics, and then random
samples are taken from each stratum.
Cluster Sampling: The population is divided into clusters, and
then clusters are randomly selected, and all members within
the chosen clusters are included in the sample.
Systematic Sampling: Every nth individual is selected from a
list or sequence after a random start.
Types of Sampling
Techniques
Non-probability Sampling

Convenience Sampling: Choosing individuals who are easily


accessible or available.
Purposive Sampling: Handpicking specific individuals who
meet certain criteria.
Snowball Sampling: Initial participants are used to recruit more
participants from their social networks.
TYPES OF PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
an entirely random method of selecting the sample. This
sampling method is as easy as assigning numbers to the
individuals sample) and then randomly choosing from
those numbers through an automated process. Finally, the
numbers that are chosen are the members that are
included in the sample.

Two ways in which researchers choose the samples in this


method of sampling: The sample is chosen randomly,
providing equal chances for all
lottery system using number random number table. members.
generating software
STRATIFICATION 60 sample
200 population
Dividing the sample into subgroups
before drawing random samples
Level Total Number Proportional Number

Year 7 30 30 × 60/200 = 9

Year 8 30 9

Year 9 40 40 × 60/200 = 12

Year 10 30 9

Year 11 30 9

Year 12 40 12

POPULATION = 200 SAMPLE = 60


RANDOM CLUSTER SAMPLING

Example: a researcher would like to interview of


A way to select participants
all public senior high school students across
randomly that are spread out Mindanao. As a researcher cluster will be selected
geographically. to satisfy the plan size. In the given example, the
first cluster can be by region, the second cluster
can be by division, and the third cluster can be by
district.
SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING

Selecting one member for every


nth of the population.

Example

The 200 students'


names may be listed
alphabetically then
every 3rd student will
be part of the sample.

Note
The starti
ng point m
be chosen ay
at random
.
THANK YOU!!!
GOD BLESS!

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