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Archive Project
Archive all the project files in ZIP format

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

ArchiveProject

This function archives all the project files in one ZIP file for easy backup or convenience when sending the design to another party.

Procedure

You can not archive an open project.

The standard file open window will be displayed.

Select the project to be archived. You will be asked what design data must be included in the archive.

Select the data sets and click on [OK]. You will then be asked to specify the archive file name and path.

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Do so and click on [Save].

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Project Settings
Specify project settings

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

PROJECTSETTINGS

This option allows you specify the project settings including the design module data files and projection.

Procedure

The project settings allow you to associate design files with the drawing. To create a new project the first step is to open a new or existing drawing file.

Click on File ► Project Settings in any of the design mode menus to display the Project Settings dialog.

XRef Drawing

Select a drawing to be displayed as a backdrop (XRef) to the design. This drawing will automatically update every time the project is opened if it has been
changed.

Terrain File

To add a terrain file to the project click on the Terrain checkbox.

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The following window will be displayed to allow you to select an existing terrain file or create a new terrain file.

New DTM file

If you are creating a new DTM file the following window will be displayed.

Select Yes to create the DTM file. You will them be asked to specify the database dimensions. If you happen to know the coordinates near the centre of the project
you may enter them in the provided fields. If not, Civil Designer will re-scale the site to determine those values.

Existing DTM file

If you are adding an existing DTM file you may not change the locale settings as the projection settings have already been applied to data files and may not be
changed.

The Project Settings dialog will now display the attached terrain file as follows:

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Sewer File

If you select a sewer file that does not exist, the following dialog will be displayed:

Click on Yes to create the sewer database file. An erf connection database file with the same name and a .ecn extension is also created in the same folder as
specified for the sewer file.

Stormwater File

If you select a stormwater file that does not exist, the following dialog will be displayed:

Click on Yes to create the stormwater database file.

Water File

If you select a water file that does not exist, the following dialog will be displayed:

Click on Yes to create the water database file.

Locale

You must make the settings that determine the manner in which the stored coordinates are projected onto the display surface (the Design Centre window).

Hemisphere

Select either the Southern Hemisphere or Northern Hemisphere options to set the hemisphere in which the data is located.

Projection

Select the mapping projection to be used. Four projections are available, namely Local, Transverse Mercator, UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) and New
Zealand Transverse Mercator. Selecting Local will automatically set the Datum to Cape and causes Civil Designer to treat the Terrain and Road database
coordinates in the same way as Stardust used to.

Datum

Select the datum on which the data is to be based. This determines the ellipsoid on which the projection is based and therefore the constants used for the mapping
projection.

Central Longitude

Enter the central LO of the panel in which the data falls (actually the longitude on which the 0 value of the horizontal ordinates of the coordinate system falls) and
also select whether this LO is East or West of 0° longitude (Greenwich).

Advanced Locale Settings

These settings are accessed by the Advanced button in the Project Settings dialog.

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Origin Latitude

Enter the latitude on which the 0 value of the vertical ordinates of the coordinate system falls and also select whether this latitude is North or South of 0° latitude
(the Equator). This should normally be set to 0° (origin at the equator where North or South are immaterial) but could be different for some projections.

Scale factor at prime longitude

Enter the factor by which coordinates are adjusted in order to fit the projection. This should normally be set to 1.0 except if you are using UTM or New Zealand
TM coordinates (see Remarks below).

False Easting and False Northing

Enter the values to be subtracted/added to the LO coordinates during projection conversion. These should normally be set to 0 except if you are using UTM or
New Zealand TM coordinates (see below).

DO NOT use the False Easting and False Northing settings to apply some constant to the data coordinates, as the projection calculations rely on full coordinates
and will give incorrect values if these entries are used incorrectly. In this case, you should use Rescale Survey

Remarks

In order to use a UTM system the following settings should be made for Locale:

Convert the UTM block number to LO using the formula (BLOCKNUMBER x 6°) - 183°. This calculates the Longitude of the central meridian in degrees.

Set the scale factor at the central meridian to 0.9996.

Enter the correct False Easting and False Northing values of +500 000m Easting, and 0m Northing for Northern Hemisphere or +10 000 000m Northing for
Southern Hemisphere.

The New Zealand Transverse Mercator is a specific setup of UTM. By selecting the New Zealand TM option the other options are automatically set for you.

The datum is set to New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000 (same as GRS 1980)

Origin Latitude: 0° S, though 41° S is occasionally used.

Origin Longitude: 173° E

False Northing: 10 000 000m N

False Easting: 1 600 000m E

Scale Factor: 0.9996

Data outside LO band message

Refer to this section.

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Option Settings
Set program options

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

OPTIONSETTINGS

Set program options using the Option Settings.

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Merge
Merge two water data files into one

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterMerge

This option allows you to merge existing water files into one.

Procedure

The file open window will be displayed.

Name the new data file. Select the merge menu option and browse for the file you wish to merge with the active data file.

Select OK once you have selected the desired file. Repeat this process as many times as necessary.

The merging process will clean up any duplicate nodes, but not pipes and other elements. This will have to be done by the operator.

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Convert Drawing Entities

This option allows you to convert Cad entities into an intelligent network

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterConvertEntities

The drawing may have been created in the CAD module of Civil Designer or alternately in other CAD software which is compatible with Civil Designer. The
drawing must be read into Civil Designer by importing a DXF, DWG, DGN or CEX file.

To convert drawing entities from an attached XRef or another drawing file

An XRef is an embedded drawing and as such not an active part of the project. In order to convert drawing entities in an XRef or another drawing you will need to
import the layers containing the drawing entities into the project and then converting them using the procedure below.

1. Open the project.

2. Set up the data file in the Project Settings.

3. Now load the layers containing the pipesl, diameters, node names, demands, reservoirs and/or valves from the XRef or external drawing using the Load
Layers function.

4. Once the layers have been imported continue as documented below.

Procedure

The following settings will be displayed:

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Pipes Line and polylines on the selected layer will be imported as pipes. Nodes will be automatically inserted at both ends of
the pipe
Diameters Text on the specified layer will be converted into numeric format , and assign to nearest pipes
Node Names Text on the specified layer will be assign into a nearest node as a node name
Elevations Text on the specified layer will be converted into numeric format as assign to a nearest node as node elevation. Elevation
extracted from DTM, is present, will overwrite this value
Demands Text on the specified layer will be converted into numeric format , and assign to nearest node, as a demand in l/s
Reservoirs A reservoir will be placed at the position of a circle on the specified layer
Valves A valve will be placed at the position of a circle on the specified layer
Multiple Pipe Layers Specify multiple layers for pipe entities

Drawing entities contained in CAD blocks or objects will not be imported. Use Explode Once or Repeatedly Explode on blocks or objects before importing.

You may also import pipes from multiple layers. Check the Multiple Pipe Layers option and click on the Settings button. A listing of all the layers will be
displayed. For each layer select the appropriate pipe material, class and diameter in that order.

The Pipe Catalogue must contain the pipe types, classes and diameters you are importing.

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Import Wadiso
Import Wadiso V4 data files

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WATERIMPORTWADISO

Existing projects may be imported from Wadiso version 4. The Wadiso 4 files need to be in the ASCII (.ASC) file format.

Procedure

On selecting the menu option, the Open window is displayed. Browse for the relevant file.

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Once the file is selected, click on the Open button to accept the import option.

Once you have imported the Wadiso 4 file you will need to redefine certain parameters. The following changes automatically take place during import:

Nodes are imported without any changes.

For pipes, Hazen -Williams friction coefficients are converted to absolute roughness.

Tanks are imported as reservoirs. Reservoir capacity is not available in Wadiso, so it must be entered manually afterwards.

Pump characteristics in Wadiso are given as a summary of head-flow curves. If there are several pumps in a pump station, the characteristics for each pump
will have to be adjusted manually. Pump efficiency is not available in Wadiso.

Pressure reducing valves are converted to valves without pressure control.

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Import Text File

Import various text files

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterImportText

This option allows the importation of various ASCII text file formats, i.e. Fixed width, Comma, Tab and Space delimited.

Procedure

On selecting the menu option, the file import window is displayed and allows you to browse for the relevant file.

After loading the file you can select lines that you want to import and file format:

If you are importing a Fixed Width file you can graphically select width of the columns.

The last page of the import window allows you to select what kind of objects are you importing i.e. nodes, pipes or reservoirs, and to assign data fields to columns
from popup menu that appears when you click on the column header

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Export to Wadiso
Exports Water project to Wadiso ASC file

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterExportWadiso

Due to limitations of Wadiso some Water module features cannot be accurately exported.

Pipes:

Pipe material, class and nominal diameter will be ignored.

Only internal diameter will be exported.

Minor loss factor will be ignored.

Only up to five intermediate points on the pipe are acceptable to destination software.

Invert level will be ignored

Vertical pipe bends will be ignored, as destination software provides only for Y and X.

Nodes:

Demand patterns will not be exported.

Pressure related discharge is not supported by destination software.

Nodes with fixed preset pressure will be exported as Tanks.

Nodes with variable preset pressure will be exported as in case of fixed pressure.

Reservoirs:

Inlet, full supply and floor level will be ignored.

Reservoir capacity and shape will be ignored.

Inlet / outlet pipe definitions will be ignored.

Inlet control valve will be ignored.

Demand in the reservoir node will be ignored.

Only the water depth of the reservoir will be exported.

Pumps:

Multiple pumps in the pump station are not supported by Wadiso.

Only the first pump in each pump station will be exported.

All rising main properties (diameter, friction losses, intermediate points...) will be ignored.

Pump controls will be ignored.

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Pump sump will be converted to Tank.

Valves:

Level control and manual valves will be ignored.

All pipe properties (diameter, friction losses, intermediate points...) will be ignored.

Pressure reducing chambers:

Not supported by Wadiso.

Will be ignored, as it is not possible to accurately convert them to Tanks.

Groups:

Grouping is not supported by Wadiso software and will be ignored.

Procedure

The Save As window is displayed:

Specify the file name to save the data to and click Save.

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Export to EPANet
Export Water model to Epanet

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterExportEPANet

Water data will be exported to an INP file which can be read in EPANet 2.

Procedure

The Save As window will be displayed:

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Specify the file name to save the data to and click Save.

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Export to Shape File

Export Water model to ArcView Shape files

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterExportSHP

This function exports all Water entities to a series of ArcView SHP files. Each water data type is exported to a separate SHP file.

Procedure

The Save As window will be displayed:

Type in a base name for the data files, ie. Network. The data will then be exported as "Network Nodes", "Network Pipes", etc.

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The following message will be displayed on successful export of the SHP data.

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LandXML
Export project as LandXML data

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

ExportLandXML

This function exports all the data in the project in a LandXML file format.

Procedure

The LandXML Export options will be displayed:

Select the project elements and specific surfaces/roads that must be included in the export and click [OK].

The Save As window will be displayed:

Specify a file name for the XML file and click on Save. The XML file will be created for all the data in the project.

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Google Earth

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Export project data as KML

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

EXPORTKML

Export project data into Google Earth KML format.

Procedure

The KML Settings will be displayed:

Specify the pen, pixel width and transparency for each design element and click OK.

The Save As window will be displayed:

Specify a KML file name and click on Save.

You will be asked to select a terrain surface if it is part of your project.

The KML file will be created.

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Graphical Edit
Select and edit Water entity

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

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WaterGraphicalEdit

This option allows you to select a Water entity and edit it's properties.

Procedure

The program will prompt:

Click on the entity you wish to query/edit. The relevant edit window will be displayed.

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Draw Nodes
Graphically add nodes to the model

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WATERDRAWNODES F8 Water

This function allows you to add nodes to the model by indicating the node position graphically. You may use the normal jump and snap modes.

Procedure

The program will prompt:

Draw Nodes: Indicate Position

Click at the required node position. A new node will be inserted. Remember to connect the node to the rest of the network using Draw Pipes.

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Draw Pipes
Add one or more pipes

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WATERDRAWPIPES Shift + F8 Water

Add a pipe to the data by specifying the start and end points.

Procedure

The program will prompt:

Draw Pipes: Indicate pipe start

You may use any of the snap modes to do so. Once you have clicked with the mouse or pressed Enter the program will prompt:

Draw Pipes: Indicate next pipe PI

Indicate where the next bend point or end point of the pipe should be. The pipe segment will be drawn in the active pen and line style.

The program will continue to prompt:

Draw Pipes: Indicate next pipe PI

Indicate further bend points or right click to display the popup menu.

Choose an option.

The newly entered pipe will receive default values (material, diameter, class ...) as specified in Pipe Defaults, and will belong to current group. The vertical
alignment of the pipe will be determined from the ground longitudinal section.

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Draw Connected Pipes

Draw a pipe with bends

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

DRAWCONNECTEDPIPES Water

Use this function to draw a pipe with one or more bends.

Procedure

The program will prompt:

Draw Connected Pipes: Indicate pipe start

Indicate the position where the pipe starts.

The program will prompt:

Draw Connected Pipes: Indicate next pipe PI

Indicate the bend point or the node where the pipe ends. Right click to display the popup menu of options.

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Draw Reservoirs
Add a reservoir to the network model

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WATERDRAWRESERVOIRS F6 Water

Add a reservoir to the data model by indicating it's position on the drawing.

A reservoir has to have an associated node. You can add a reservoir to an existing node by snapping to that node, or a new node will be created with the reservoir.
In the second instance you will have to connect the pipes to the reservoir.

Procedure

The program will prompt:

Draw Reservoirs: Indicate reservoir position

You may use any of the CAD snap modes.

Note that if a snap mode is not active a new node will always be created at the indicated reservoir position. The only way to place reservoir at an existing node
is to snap to that node.

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Draw Pumps
Add a pump station to the network

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WATERDRAWPUMPS Shift + F6 Water

Add a pump station to the data model by indicating it's position on the drawing. The pump station is inserted into the nearest pipe.

Procedure

The program will prompt:

Draw Pumps: Indicate pump position

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No user selectable snaps are available when adding a pump station. It will always be placed at the pipe nearest to the indicated point and linked to it. If the program
cannot find any pipe inside the search radius the pump station will not be created.

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Draw Valves
Add a valve to the network

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WATERDRAWVALVES F7 Water

Add a valve to the data model by indicating it's position on the drawing. The valve is inserted into the nearest pipe.

Procedure

The program will prompt:

Draw Valves: Indicate valve position

No user selectable snaps are available when adding a valve. It will always be placed at the pipe nearest to the indicated point and linked to it. If the program cannot
find any pipe inside the search radius the valve will not be created.

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Draw Chambers
Add a pressure release chamber to the network

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WATERDRAWCHAMBERS Shift + F7 Water

Add a pressure release chamber to the data model by indicating it's position on the drawing.

A pressure release chamber has to have an associated node. You can add a pressure release chamber to an existing node by snapping to that node, or a new node
will be created with the pressure release chamber. In the second instance you will have to connect the pipes to the pressure release chamber.

Procedure

The program will prompt:

Draw Chambers: Indicate chamber position

If you want an existing node to become a pressure release chamber then jump or snap to that node. You may use any of the CAD snap modes.

Note that if a snap mode is not active a new node will always be created at the indicated chamber position. The only way to place a chamber at an existing node
is to snap to that node.

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Split Pipe
Split an existing pipe

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WATERSPLITPIPE F5 Water

Split an existing pipe and add a node at the break point.

Procedure

The program will prompt:

Split Pipe: Indicate a split point

Indicate the position of a new node and the pipe will be split in two at the point nearest to indicated one

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Join Pipes
Join two pipes

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WATERJOINPIPES F9 Water

Join two adjacent pipes by removing the common node.

Procedure

The program will prompt:

Join pipes: Indicate a node to remove

The indicated node will be removed, keeping a horizontal bend, if present. Pipes can be joined in this way only if all relevant physical properties are identical.

It is also possible to use block selection at the prompt to perform operation on all selected nodes at once.

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Insert Bend
Insert a bend into an existing pipe

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WATERINSERTBEND Shift + F5 Water

Insert a bend into an existing pipe.

Procedure

The program will prompt:

Insert Bend: Indicate a pipe

After a pipe was indicated prompt changes to

Insert Bend: Indicate position

and program draws drag lines while waiting for input. CAD snaps can be used at this time.

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Remove Bend
Remove an existing bend

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WATERREMOVEBEND Shift + F9 Water

This function will remove an existing bend and straighten the pipe.

Procedure

The program will prompt:

Remove Bend: Indicate bend to delete

Indicated horizontal bend will be removed.

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Move
Select and move a water entity

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterGraphicalMove

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This function allows you to select a water entity and change it's position.

Procedure

The program will prompt:

Click on the entity to be moved. The program will prompt:

At this time it is possible to use any of the CAD snap modes, but not Water specific snaps.

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Delete
Select and delete a Water entity

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterGraphicalDelete

This function allows you to select and delete a water entity.

Procedure

The program will prompt:

If you want to delete a specific entity right-click and select the water entity type from the displayed list:

Click on the water entity to delete.

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Summary
Display a summary of the network data

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WATERDATASUMMARY

This option displays a detailed summary of all components of your network, listing the following:

Number of each element, i.e. nodes, pipes, reservoirs, pump stations, pumps, valves and pressure release chambers.

Average Demand (l/s) - this is the total demand on the network without applying any demand pattern or peak factors.

Seasonal Peak Demand (l/s) - this is the total demand on the network multiplied by the peak factors.

Instantaneous Peak Demand (l/s) - this is the worst possible scenario where at each node, the demand is multiplied by the worst demand pattern factor as
well as the peak factor and added together to give a demand in l/s.

You may also display a summary of components in a group by selecting the group in the Group drop-down list.

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Procedure

The General Summary will be displayed.

Second page of the summary displays the pipe lengths in a tabular format, grouped by material, diameter and class.

You have the option to print the summary or save to a text file.

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Pipes
Display pipe data

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WATERDATAPIPES

Pipes are defined by Id number, start and end node, length, diameter, roughness, minor loss coefficient and name. The name is optional and may consist of letters
and / or numbers. The pipe Id number is an automatically created unique reference number determined by Water module.

The sequence of writing in first and last nodes is not of consequence, except if the pipe contains a pump station or non-return valve. In these cases it is assumed
that the start node is on the upstream side, and the end node on the downstream side.

Procedure

The Pipes window consists of two input page options each headed by a tab, i.e. General and Coordinates.

General

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This page has the reference details which require data input. Some items include a drop down menu allowing the user to select pipe properties from a Pipe
Catalogue. Right clicking on the other items opens up the standard Windows Cut, Copy, Paste and Delete options.

Name & Id Name is an optional feature, used for display purposes only. It cannot contain more than 30 characters. Id is a unique
reference number created automatically by Water module.
Group Refers to a group that element belongs to. New elements will initially belong to a group that was selected as a current
group at the time the element was created. How groups are created and manipulated is explained in chapter on groups.
Nodes : From / To The start and end node of the pipe, From - to direction, is irrelevant unless that pipe contains a check valve or a pump. In
these cases it is assumed that the start node is on the upstream side, and the end node on the downstream side. (The
start/end node is the Id number of the node, not the name.)
Pipe Material Pipe material can be either one of the pipe materials available on the market and stored in the Pipe Catalogue or "User
Defined". Selecting one of the standard materials from the database enables you to pick available pipe class and nominal
diameter from drop down lists on the pipe entry form.
Pipe Class As for material list above. The numerical value of pipe class does not indicate permissible working pressure in all cases.
For permissible working pressure consult the Pipe Catalogue.
Nominal Diameter (mm) As for material list above.
Internal Diameter This is automatically updated if a pipe is selected from the Pipe Catalogue. For "User Defined" pipes, the internal
diameter is equal to nominal diameter.
Length (m) The software updates the length every time some of the co-ordinates have changed unless the length of the pipe has been
fixed.
Fixed length If selected, prevents the software from updating the length of the pipe. Fixed length is useful when preparing a schematic
of the network.
Minimum cover Minimum cover on top of pipe. Negative value indicate a pipe above the surface, and in that case cover represents
distance between bottom of the pipe and ground level.
Bedding class Pipe bedding class, as prescribed by SABS 1200.
Roughness (mm) This is the absolute roughness of a pipe wall, which used in calculation of friction loss.

A pipe's roughness coefficient depends on many factors: type of material, pipe age, working conditions. In the D'Arcy-
Weisbach formulation, the roughness coefficient is the mean height of roughness in the pipe and is specified in mm. The
recommended roughness coefficient values can be found in literature.

The author, based on personal experience, recommends the following roughness coefficient values for typical types of
pipe material:

ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS
PVC pipes k = 0.1 mm
Asbestos cement pipes k = 0.4 mm
Cast-iron pipes k = 0.4 - 1.0 mm
Concrete pipes k = 1.0 - 2.0 mm
Galvanised pipes k = 0.4 - 1.0 mm
Steel pipes k = 0.4 - 1.0 mm
Steel with cement lining k = 0.1 - 0.4 mm
Bitumen lined k = 0.3 - 1.0 mm

The steel roughness coefficient can increase to as much as 5 in the case of old rusty pipes.
Minor Loss Coefficient The total head loss due to flow through a pipe is defined as the sum of the friction loss due to pipe resistance and the
minor or secondary head losses due to bends and fittings.

Minor losses are given as a function of the non-dimensional coefficient (K) which represents the sum of all coefficient of
minor losses along the pipe. The corresponding numerical value is calculated using the following equation:

where

ΔH = head loss in the pipe due to minor losses (m)

K = sum of all minor loss coefficients

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V = velocity of flow in the pipe (m/s)

g = gravitational acceleration constant (9.81m2/s)

Should the diameter of the pipe change locally (for example reducers, flow meter, diffuser, etc.) it is necessary to adjust
the numeric value of the minor loss coefficient to the equivalent diameter. For recommended values, based on author's
personal experience see Minor Loss Coefficients.
Check Valve Check valves are devices that allow flow in only one direction (from the start to the end node of the pipe on which the
non-return valve is located). They are identified by the Id number of the corresponding pipe. Pump stations do not have to
be specifically fitted with non-return valves, since reverse flow is prevented by default.

Coordinates

This page lists everything regarding the details of a longitudinal section of a length of pipe, i.e. chainage, coordinates and ground and invert levels. Coordinates are
displayed only at the end points and horizontal bends.

The Show button can be used to see which pipe on the graphical display is currently in edit mode.

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Nodes
Display node data

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterDataNodes

Nodes in the network are defined by Id number, elevation, demand type, coordinates and name. A node is defined at the start and end of each pipe. It is not
necessary to define new nodes at each change of direction as multiple bends may be accommodated between nodes.

Nodes are necessary at pipe connections, e.g. where 3 or more pipes join, change of diameter, demand points, specific points at which you wish to know or preset
the pressure and reservoirs. It is not necessary to define a node at pump stations and valves, as these are defined by the pipe Id number on which they are situated.

All nodes in the model must be assigned an elevation in order to be able to determine the hydraulic grade line and residual head at each node.

The elevation is defined in metres above some chosen datum level. Demands are optional.

Procedure

The Node data window will be displayed.

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Name Specify an optional name for this node

Group Refers to a group that element belongs to. New elements will initially belong to a group that was selected as a current
group at the time the element was created. How groups are created and manipulated is explained in chapter on groups.
Elevation
Y Coordinate
X Coordinate
Node Type
Preset Demand This is the general input area for the demand and demand pattern at each node.

Demand is given in litres per second, and equals the average daily outflow. The water demand at any moment in time is
obtained by multiplying that average node outflow by the corresponding hourly water use coefficient, i.e. the Demand
pattern coefficient. The flow value can be negative designating inflow.

The Demand Pattern may be typed in or selected from the file by clicking on the demand pattern [...] button.
Preset Pressure Where portion of a network is being analysed, preset pressure nodes are required for simulating the inflow from the rest
of the network.

This type of node would typically be used where a network is fed from a main supply pipe, another network or from a
fixed head borehole or dam outlet. In this case the known pressure is applied to the node to simulate the effect of the
source. The preset pressure may be constant or variable. If variable, select the Settings option and type in a value each 15
minutes for a 24 hour period.
Pressure Related Discharge This is an outlet for which the outflow value depends on the current pressure in the corresponding node in the network.

Nodes of this type are usually used for aerators in water treatment plants and in calculations involving accidents and pipe
bursts. The only input detail required here is discharge at one bar given in liters per second.

Advanced Method

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Water demand is an anticipated amount of water that consumers would use, calculated according to prescribed per capita allowance or historical figures for certain
region. Water consumption is actual draw-off at points of connection, as observed on water meters.

In ideal conditions, when the supply is sufficient and pressures in the network do not vary too much, consumption should be equal to demand, and each consumer
would use exactly the amount of water that was allocated to him. That is the classical approach to modelling, implemented in most software packages.

In real world networks consumption is not equal to demand. Consumption varies with the pressure to certain degree, especially in cases of restricted water supply
or when pressure differences are significant. In such instances it is entirely possible that consumers in high pressure parts of the network use way more than
average, while at the same time low-pressure parts of the network suffer shortages.

The analysis uses the Advanced parameters in the Water Specific Settings.

Single Storey Building

For a single consumer, draw-off is linked to available pressure by an exponential equation:

Where:

Q = Actual consumption

Q0 = Water demand

P = Available pressure

P0 = Reference pressure

E = Exponent

Reference pressure is a pressure at which consumption would be exactly the same as predicted by demand calculations. The typical value is around 3 Bar.

Equation 1 is therefore fully applicable, without any corrections, for single storey buildings.

Multiple Storey Building

For multi storey buildings the situation is a bit more difficult, as it is possible that the free water level lays somewhere between the ground and top levels.
Theoretically, one can apply equation 1 to each floor separately, taking in account pressure differences caused by the floor height. The result, which also complies
with field measurements, would be a almost straight line from ground level to the height of top floor, and an exponential relation, as in equation 1 thereafter.

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Reservoirs
Display reservoir data

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WATERDATARESERVOIRS

Reservoirs are defined by name, id and node on which they are located.

There is no limit to the capacity of a reservoir. Dams may be modelled by entering large capacity values.

Procedure

There are four input pages headed by a tab namely:

General

Name & Id Name is optional. Water module automatically assigns an Id.

Group Refers to a group that element belongs to. New elements will initially belong to a group that was selected as a current
group at the time the element was created. How groups are created and manipulated is explained in chapter on groups.
Node This is the node number on which the reservoir is situated.
Capacity (Kl) The total storage capacity of the reservoir given in Kilolitres.
Full supply level (m) Elevation of the full supply level.
Floor level (m) Elevation of the reservoir floor level.
Inlet level (m) Elevation of the inlet.
Water depth (m) Water depth inside the reservoir at the start of the analysis measured from the floor of the reservoir.
Y / X Coordinates (m) Coordinates will automatically be picked up from the node the reservoir is positioned on.

Connections

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There are three entry areas in the reservoir Connections table namely; Inlet, Inlet and Outlet and Outlet:

When you first enter this menu, all the pipes are listed in the middle area. To define the function of a pipe, highlight the pipe in the middle and press the arrow in
the required direction, or drag the pipe to the desired area - either inlet or outlet only.

Pipe numbers are automatically sorted into ascending order so it is not necessary to drag pipe numbers across in sequence. Multiple pipes cannot be selected and
dragged across in one movement.

Pipes connected to...

Inlet If the pipe is described as an inlet only, flow into the reservoir only is possible. The pipe automatically functions as if a
check valve has been assigned to this pipe. An inlet control valve may also be applied to the inlet pipe, as per the options
in the bottom of the screen. If an inlet control valve is chosen, the water depth for the open and closed position of the
valve must be defined.
Outlet If the pipe is described as an outlet only, flow out of the reservoir only is possible.
Inlet and Outlet In this option the flow in both directions is possible.

Inlet Control

Level Control
Level Control Type Specify the level control type. Options are:

Diameter (mm) Specify the diameter of the valve in mm. Defaults to the diameter of the inlet pipe is set to 0.
Fully Open at (m) Specify at what water level above the reservoir floor the valve is fully open
Fully Closed at (m) Specify at what water level above the reservoir floor the valve is fully closed
Throttling Device
Device Type Specify the type of throttling device. Options are:

Diameter (mm) Specify the diameter of the throttling valve in mm

Opening (%) Specify the % opening on the throttling valve
"K" value Specify the minor loss coefficient of the valve

Shape

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The shape of the reservoir affects the actual depth of the water at a given point in time during a time simulation and will therefore affect the pressure. You can
define any shape of reservoir by either selecting one of the most common shapes, or the option "other" and defining the water depth versus volume.

Shape Select the reservoir shape. Options are:

Constant area

Conical

Sphere

Other

You must specify the depth-volume curve for the Other shape option.
Depth/Volume table Specify the depth-volume curve in percentages
Depth/Volume graph The graph is updated as you type values into the table

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Pump Stations
Display pump station data

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterDataPumps

Pump elements will allow flow in the positive direction only, i.e from upstream node to downstream node. Care should be exercised when selecting start and end
nodes to ensure the correct direction of pump action.

Reverse flow through pumps is impossible as pumps behave as check (non-return) valves when pumps are switched off.

Negative flow is possible if pumps are running and conditions in the network are completely out of the design range of the pump.

Procedure

The Pump Station window will be displayed:

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Up to 8 pumps may be handled in a pump station. The pumps are configured in parallel. The data input table is shown below and is divided into 5 input areas:

General

General details for the pump station relating to it's position on your drawing.

Name and Id Name is optional, but Id is automatically entered by Water module.

Group Refers to a group that element belongs to. New elements will initially belong to a group that was selected as a current
group at the time the element was created. How groups are created and manipulated is explained in chapter on groups.
Pipe Refers to the Id number of the pipe on which the pump is situated.
Y and X co-ordinates Denoting the exact position of the pump station in m.
Layout
Sump A sump in which case an elevation is required (shown in metres).
Elevation Sump elevation in m.
Inline Booster An inline booster.

Layout

There are two pump configuration options:

Sump A sump in which case an elevation is required (shown in metres).

Inline Booster An inline booster.

Pump tabs

For each pump in the pump station a tab is displayed, allowing different settings for each pump.

Pump details can be entered in two ways, i.e. manually typing in the pump data or by selecting the required pump from the pump catalogue and using the copy and
paste command.

Characteristics
Model The pump model name and number
Impeller Diameter (mm) The diameter of the pump impeller
Motor Size (kW) The rating of the pump moter
Nominal Speed (RPM) The nominal speed of the pump
Points on the Pump Curve Points on the pump curve for Delivery (l/s), Head (m) and Efficiency (%).

Points on a curve

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Pump curves are defined using 3 points, by increasing order of flow. The best approximation is achieved when the points are equidistant and the midpoint is
selected to coincide with the point that reflects the maximum pump efficiency. This rule is disregarded only when the working point lies beyond the normal
working area. In this case, it is necessary to assign points in the area expected to contain the working points.

Pump details may be inserted as follows:

Click on the Catalogue button.

Select the required pump using the arrows to browse through database.

Click on the COPY button and close the menu.

Click on the PASTE button to insert in the desired pump in the input area.

Adding and removing pumps

Pumps can be added and removed with the Add Pump and Remove Pump buttons, while pump details can be copied and pasted from one pump to another using
the Copy and Paste buttons.

Controls

Each pump can be controlled through various controls. To activate each control, check the appropriate options on the left-hand side of the Pump menu.

The main 3 sets of control parameters may be applied simultaneously. The order of precedence is:

1. Time control, followed by,

2. Level control, then,

3. Pressure control

Pressure control

The pump will switch on or off depending on the pressure attained in the reference node. If the pressure in the node drops below the "On" pressure, the pump will
be switched on. If the pressure rises above the "Off" value the pump will switch off.

Level control

The pump will switch on or off depending on the level attained in the reference reservoir. If the level in the reservoir drops below the "On" level the pump will be
switched on. If the level rises above the "Off" value the pump will switch off.

Time control

For time controlled pump stations, start and stop times are entered. Since the lower tariff periods usually apply twice a day, two sets of parameters may be defined
here. Typically this would be for the night and afternoon low periods.

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Delayed start

Delayed start can be used in conjunction with other controls, usually pressure control. Rather then using expensive means like telemetry to send a signal to the
pump to start pumping, a simple solution is to use the delayed start option to start up the pump again after some time of the pump stopping. The other 3 controls
however, will override the delayed start option, i.e. should the reservoir be full for example, the pump will not be able to start.

Variable Speed

Variable speed pumps are used when required discharge or head variations exceed the normal pump operation range. Pump delivery is proportional to speed while
head is proportional to speed squared.

The minimum and maximum speeds are equipment related. Typically values vary from one third up to the full speed of the chosen pump.

The Head option is usually employed when a pump discharges directly into the reticulation and thus has to cope with widely varying demand. The controlling
algorithm tries to maintain a constant pump head by continuously changing the speed, but will not go out of specified speed range.

The Flow option is typically used with booster pumps to prevent the pump going out of it's operating range when the downstream pressure significantly changes.

The Speed option allows you to specify a pump speed that is different to the standard operating speed, ie. for a belt driven pump.

Initially working

The initial status of the pump can be set as either initially being switched on or off.

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Valves
Edit valve data

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterDataValves

Valves in the program are considered to be regulating valves whose coefficient of resistance changes in accordance with a set algorithm. Hydraulic losses on
valves with constant resistance can be written off against minor losses on the appropriate sections.

When controlling valves by level, it is necessary to define the reference reservoir and the levels at which the valve will be completely opened or closed. Depending
on the relation of these two levels, two situations are possible:

If the level at which the valve closes is higher than the one at which it opens, rising water levels cases a partial closing, that is, the regulating valve functions as
a float valve.

If the rising water levels in the reservoir causes the opening of the valve, then a certain part of the network can be supplied from that reservoir only if the level
of water is higher than the minimal given level. This part of the network must have an alternate supply as well.

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Procedure

The Valve data will be displayed. The Valves menu consists of two parts:

General

This section allows you to define the basic properties of the valve:

Valve Name (optional) and Id This allows you to assign a specific name to a valve. Id is automatically assigned by Water module.
Group Refers to a group that element belongs to. New elements will initially belong to a group that was selected as a current
group at the time the element was created. How groups are created and manipulated is explained in chapter on groups.
Pipe This is the pipe Id number on which the valve is situated.
Diameter (mm) This is the nominal diameter of the valve measured in mm.
Y / X Coordinates (m) These are the coordinates of the valve position.
Operation Operation refers to the valve control method. Settings work in conjunction with Operation, allowing you to set the
parameters for the various control methods.
Manual The valve can be open 100% or any value between 0 and 100%. If set to zero, a closed valve is achieved which prohibits
flow entirely.

It is used to model the re-distribution of flows within a network should valve closure occur or pipes become blocked.
There are no constants required to define the behavior of a closed valve.
Pressure reducing valves This requires the setting of a reference node and desired pressure.

If the reference node is "downstream", then the regulating valve assumes the role of a so called "reduction valve", which
stops pressure in the reference node from rising above the given limit.
Pressure sustaining valves This requires the setting of a reference node and desired pressure.

Should the reference node be located "upstream" of the valve, then the regulating valve will maintain the minimum
pressure in the reference node. This case occurs less often than the former and is usually found on pump stations where
the regulating valve serves to prevent the pump from operating at a pressure level beyond that presumed.
Flow Control For a flow control valve the desired flow is specified in (l/s). The valve will then open or close allowing the desired flow
through the valve.

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Level Modulating The level modulating valve will start opening at the closing level and reach 100% at the opening level.

Level On/Off In the case of an On/Off valve, when open the flow attains 100% immediately and drops to 0% immediately the closing
level is reached.

Characteristics

This section allows you to set parameters to fully model the type of valve required.

Several types of valves are supported, i.e. the Butterfly, Flat Disc and V port. Any other type of valve can be defined by inserting the required values in the
Opening-Flow table under Other.

Type Select the valve type. There are 4 options:

Butterfly

Flat Disc

V Port

Other

As you change the valve type the opening-flow table and graph will be updated.

If you specify the Other type you must input the opening-flow table.
"K" value Specify the minor loss coefficient for this valve
Opening-Flow table The table is updated as the valve type changes. You must input the opening-flow table for the Other valve type

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Pressure Release Chambers

Edit pressure release chamber data

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterDataChambers

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Pressure Release chambers are defined by Id number, node number on which the chamber is situated, working water level and coordinates.

Realistic working conditions of release chambers have been reproduced in the program. Inflow into the release chamber at any moment equals outflow. Since
retention is negligible, the sum of the inflow and outflow in all sections leading in and out of the node is zero.

The capacity of the incoming pipe is automatically adjusted to the conditions by changing the coefficient of minor losses. (In practice, this amounts to hydraulic
loss on a float valve or an electric motor valve with level control, at the entrance to the chamber. Thus a chamber is a combination of a very small reservoir and a
valve with level control).

Should it be required to include the retention of a release chamber in the calculations a reservoir of the required dimensions and associated regulating valve should
be used.

It is necessary to ensure that only one pipe enters the release chamber. There is no limit on the number of pipes leaving the chamber.

Procedure

The Chamber Editor will be displayed.

The optional name of the chamber. Internally the program references

Name
the chamber by it's Id
Group The group that this chamber belongs to, if any.
Node The node number
Water Surface
The elevation of the water surface in the chamber.
Elevation (m)
Y Coordinate (m) Y coordinate of the chamber's position
X Coordinate (m) X coordinate of the chamber's position
Show Display the position of the chamber on the layout

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What are groups

Groups are essentially permanent selection sets. In some way they are similar to layers in the drawing.

How to organize groups is entirely up to your requirements. For example:

Existing pipes could be in one group, Phase 1 development in another, then Phase 2, Phase 3, or

Bulk infrastructure could be structured as one group, reticulations for each suburb or village in separate groups

A default group exists in every project, and cannot be deleted. Additional groups can be created or deleted as required and elements can be freely moved in
between them.

Group can be made visible or invisible, and can be included in the hydraulic analysis or excluded from it.

All elements of the model belong to one or more groups. Newly created elements are included in the current group at the time of creation.

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Create
Creates a new, empty group

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterGroupsCreate

Create a new group to which water entities can be added.

Procedure

The following window will be displayed:

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Type in the new group name, up to 50 characters long, or accept default name, Group#. Group can be renamed at the later stage.

The new group does not became current after creation.

See also What are groups

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Delete
Delete an existing group

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterGroupsDelete

Delete a specific water group.

Procedure

From the menu chose a group to be deleted.

If the group contains any elements, this dialog allows user to chose either to delete the elements as well or to move them to any other group in the project

See also What are groups

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Set Current
Set the current group.

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterGroupsSetCurrent

Set the current group.

Procedure

Select the current group from the list of groups.

All newly created elements will by default belong to the current group

See also What are groups

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Settings
Set group properties

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterGroupsSettings

This option allows you to set the current group as well as a group's visibility and/or whether it will be included in the analysis.

Procedure

The Group Settings will be displayed:

Id Unique Id Number of the group. The current group Id is displayed in red.

Group Title Descriptive name of the group
Visible Check this to make the group visibile. Uncheck to not display this group.
Calculate Check to include the group in hydraulic analysis or uncheck to exclude

Double-click on the title to edit the group name.

See also What are groups

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Move selected to
Move selected entities to a another group

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterGroupsMove

Move selected water entities to the specified group.

Procedure

Chose a destination group, and all currently selected Water elements will be moved to it.

See also What are groups

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Data Spreadsheet
Edit data in a table view

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterDataSpread

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This option allows you to edit the data in a spreadsheet format. There are six pages, one for each water element. Right click on a table header to sort the data based
on the selected column.

Procedure

The water data will be displayed in the tabular format.

Fields that are displayed in the table and their order can be easily customized. Simply click on the Customize button to display a list of available fields:

Use the arrows to add/remove fields and to change the order of the displayed fields and click OK when you are satisfied.

Pipes

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Nodes

Reservoirs

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Pumps

Valves

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Chambers

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Adjust Demands
Set or adjust demands for entire network

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterAdjustDemands

It is possible to assign the water use (demand) of the system at the nodes of the water supply network by many different means. In general when creating your
network layout, a demand is assigned to a node in litres per second, and equals the average daily outflow.

For a time simulation, the water demand at any moment in time is obtained by multiplying the average node outflow by the corresponding water use coefficient.
The coefficients used are taken from the particular demand pattern which has been assigned to the node. At times however, it may be necessary to adjust these
demands.

Procedure

A summary of the various demands will be displayed, i.e. Average Daily Demand, Seasonal Peak Demand and the Instantaneous Peak Demand of the network or a
selected portion. This is followed by the following 3 adjust demand options:

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Apply fixed factor Applying a fixed factor to a network may be useful in cases where you may have had a sudden unexpected influx of
people to an area which in the past was sparsely populated. The fixed factor may also be useful in predicting a water
demand for an area in say 10 years time.

Applying a fixed factor to your network or portion of the network will multiply the water demand at each node by this
additional factor.

To apply a fixed factor to a portion of the network only, check the Selected Area Only option.
Distribute According to Pipe Lengths Often, especially in the case of an even population density, the total average water demand of a network is distributed
proportionally to the pipe's lengths. This type of distribution can be accomplished automatically by selecting the
Distribute According to Pipe Lengths option and assigning a l/s consumption for the whole or selected portion of the
network.
Read from Consumption Database This option is useful when you have actual consumption figures available in a database format. You can link the
consumption figures to the Water model and compare the results and adjust the demands of your model accordingly. This
is done by selecting the Read from Consumption Database option.

The setup screen appears. (See Monitor Consumption for explanation of the rest of the procedure to adjust demands).

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Monitor Consumption
Monitor water consumption

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterConsumption

The Water module can be used not only for the design of new networks, but also to calibrate existing networks. Having calculated the network demands, it is
possible to refine the demands by comparing measured consumption figures with your model and adjusting where necessary.

Measured consumption can be read into Water module by means of linking a database file containing consumption figures and comparing them to the theoretical
model.

Procedure

On selecting this option the setup menu for the water consumption data is displayed. Browse for the Access database file and fill in the necessary information.

Once you have defined your parameters for the consumption, click on the Read Consumption button at the bottom of the menu. You have the option of measuring
the entire network, or measuring a selected area the Selected Area Only check box.

You will see the figures as measured appear in the section of the menu displayed above. If the results differ at all, the difference will be shown as a percentage in
the last box on the menu.

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If you would like to adjust the network demands to those of the database demands, click on the Adjust Demands button.

The Water module will distribute the measured demand proportionally to the nearest nodes.

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View Messages
Display the error messages

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterViewMessages

This option displays the error list.

Procedure

The error list will be displayed.

Select an error and click on the Edit button to change the properties for that item, or click on Show to display the selected item on the layout.

Show

You can find the erroneous element by selecting the element on the table and clicking on the Show button.

The Messages window will minimise and the cursor will move to the "error" location and highlight the relevant element.

To return to the error list click on the Restore icon on the minimised window title bar.

Edit

To edit the data related to an error, highlight the line in the list and click on the Edit button. The edit window for that item will be displayed allowing you to edit
the contents thereof.

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Error Checking
Check the data for errors

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterErrorCheck

Error checks are performed on the geometric configuration of the network, node type, pump station and valve data.

Some errors cannot be detected in this manner, for example a misdirected pump station or an inadequate pump capacity.

Procedure

The program will analyze the network for geometric errors. If an error is found, a message is displayed regarding the type of error.

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The program will continue with the analysis if any warnings are shown, but not if an error is found.

Select an error and click on the Edit button to change the properties for that item, or click on Show to display the selected item on the layout.

Show

You can find the erroneous element by selecting the element on the table and clicking on the Show button.

The Messages window will minimise and the cursor will move to the "error" location and highlight the relevant element.

To return to the error list click on the Restore icon on the minimised window title bar.

Edit

To edit the data related to an error, highlight the line in the list and click on the Edit button. The edit window for that item will be displayed allowing you to edit
the contents thereof.

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Single Step Analysis

Run a single step analysis

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterSingleStep

The Single Step analysis is normally used before running the time simulation of the water supply network, in order to determine the state of the network in typical
cases of demand (usually the times of minimum and maximum water use). It is also used when controlling accidental and other infrequent states that are not
normally addressed during normal simulation. It is usual (though not always the best) to combine the analysis of maximum water use with minimum water levels
in the reservoir, and minimum water use with maximum water levels.

Error checking is done automatically every time calculations are started. If an error is detected, the error list will be displayed and the analysis will not proceed.

Modelling accidents

It is useful to note, that while analysing accident related conditions, sections of the system which are out of order are simulated by assigning a very high local
resistance value (e.g. 1e8). The state caused by a pipe burst is simulated either by placing an outflow on the desired node (if a break in the middle of the section is
desired, then it is necessary to insert an internode), or by assigning a predetermined value for outflow. If the simulation is achieved by an inserted outflow, the
pressure coefficient is given on the basis of the size of the imagined opening in the pipe wall.

Procedure

There are 4 possibilities for single step analysis, i.e. Specific time, Average demand, Maximum demand and Minimum demand.

Parameters
Specific Time The hour and minute for the analysis can be specified. The demand pattern factors for the chosen time are used for the

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analysis and it is therefore wise to check the shape of the selected water use diagrams by viewing the corresponding
Demand pattern.
Average Demand Average water use is understood to denote a state in which all hourly water use coefficients are equal to one (1), i.e.
demand patterns are ignored but seasonal factor may still be applied. During calculations, all given algorithm's for
controlling pump stations and regulating valves are active, except, for obvious reasons, those controlled by time.
Maximum Demand The maximum demand simulation will give the maximum demand at each node irrespective of time.
Minimum Demand The minimum demand simulation will give the minimum demand at each node irrespective of time.
Apply Seasonal Peak Factor The seasonal peak factor can be taken into account during analysis by checking this option.
Advanced
Link discharge to pressure This option links the discharge to the pressure at that point.
Calculate water losses This option will calculate the water losses.

Click on the Start button to start the analysis . The following progress window will be displayed.

The analysis will be terminated should the number of iterations exceed 200. The number of iterations normally do not exceed 15 except if pressure control valves
are used.

On completion of the analysis, you have the option to save the results and also to view the messages by simply selecting the relevant button.

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Time Simulation
Run a time simulation

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterTimeSimulation

The continuous time simulation is a very a necessary part of every hydraulic analysis of a system with variations in water use. The continuous (usually 24-hour)
simulation of a water network and distribution system allows:

Presentation of the pressures and flows in the network under conditions of changing water use.

Level oscillations of water in reservoirs (this enables control of chosen volumes).

The functioning scheme of pump stations (by controlling the parameters of operation) and other elements which mirror a realistic operating system.

Procedure

The Time Simulation options will be displayed.

Parameters
Simulation Starts at This option allows you to select any time of day to begin the simulation as well as any day of the week.
Time Increment Any time increment starting at 1 minute can be specified, although since the demand patterns have a factor each 15
minutes, it is more practical to start at 15 minute time increments.
Duration Duration can be specified in hours or days.

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Apply Seasonal Peak Factor The seasonal peak factor can be taken into account during analysis by checking this option.
Advanced
Link discharge to pressure This option links the discharge to the pressure at that point.
Calculate water losses This option will calculate the water losses.
Show
Reservoirs You can select to view the state of the reservoirs during the simulation. You can view up to six reservoirs simultaneously.
Each display screen has a pull down menu from which you can select which specific reservoirs you want to see displayed
during the simulation.

Click on the Start button to start the analysis . The following progress window will be displayed.

Each simulation can be stored under a separate name for future retrieval using the Save As option.

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Quantities
Calculate quantities according to SABS 1200

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterQuantities

Procedure

The quantities are calculated and the results displayed.

Pipe Lengths are grouped by material, diameter and class

Excavation lengths and Excavation Volumes are grouped by diameter. Depth is in increments of 1 meter, as specified by SABS. Column Surface refers to pipes
that are exposed on the ground surface.

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Bedding Volumes are grouped by bedding classes, as prescribed by SABS

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Bends and Junctions

Report on bends and junctions

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

This function analyses the pipes and reports on the position, size and bend angles of the bends and junctions.

Bend angles refer to an angle of deflection between two adjoining pipes or two adjoining pipe segments. They are measured and displayed in degrees.

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Procedure

The program will analyze the data and display the following results.

Bends along pipes

Pipe The pipe id.

Diameter The diameter of the pipe
Chainage The chainages where there are bends in the pipe. For each bend the following data is listed:
Y Coord The Y coordinate of the bend
X Coord The X coordinate of the bend
Horizontal The horizontal component of the angle of deflection or the angle as seen in a horizontal plane
Vertical The vertical component of the angle of deflection or the angle as seen in a vertical plane
Compound An actual, three dimensional, angle of deflection. This value is used to choose the appropriate elbow, or, even more
important, to cut steel pipes or custom made elbows to fit.

Selected Only Only analyse selected pipes

Save Save the bend report to a text file in a CSV format
Print Print the bend report

Bends in nodes

Node The node id.

Y Coord The Y coordinate of the bend
X Coord The X coordinate of the bend
Diameter 1 The diameter of the first pipe
Diameter 2 The diameter of the second pipe
Horizontal The horizontal component of the angle of deflection or the angle as seen in a horizontal plane
Vertical The vertical component of the angle of deflection or the angle as seen in a vertical plane
Compound An actual, three dimensional, angle of deflection. This value is used to choose the appropriate elbow, or, even more
important, to cut steel pipes or custom made elbows to fit.

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Selected Only Only analyse selected pipes

Save Save the bend report to a text file in a CSV format
Print Print the bend report

Junctions

Node The node id.

Y Coord The Y coordinate of the bend
X Coord The X coordinate of the bend
Diameter 1 The diameter of the first pipe
Dia 2,3... The diameter of the other pipes in the junction with the angles for each pipe
Horizontal The horizontal component of the angle of deflection or the angle as seen in a horizontal plane
Vertical The vertical component of the angle of deflection or the angle as seen in a vertical plane
Compound An actual, three dimensional, angle of deflection. This value is used to choose the appropriate elbow, or, even more
important, to cut steel pipes or custom made elbows to fit.

Selected Only Only analyse selected pipes

Save Save the bend report to a text file in a CSV format
Print Print the bend report

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Results Browser
Display results browser

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterResultsBrowser

The results of, for example, a 24-hour time simulation, run with 15 minute intervals, contain 96 successive states of the network. Obviously it is not necessary or
possible to present all of them in documentation. Usually it is sufficient to display two or three characteristic states. The results browser option therefore allows
you to select a time from which you wish to extract results as well as the specific simulation file for information retrieval.

Procedure

The Results Browser will be displayed:

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Once you have selected the time, select the item from the results menu. You can keep the results browser open on the screen and as you select a different time to
view, the results in each table or graphics will change automatically to coincide with the selected time.

Right click on the item to rename or delete results set.

The result tables of each of the result items can be arranged in descending or ascending order on any selected field by simply clicking on the heading of the field
with your left mouse button. Once you have selected the required state of your network, click on the print button to print the results.

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Pipes
Display results for pipes

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterResultsPipes

Display the results for pipes from the Single Step analysis or the selected time step of the Time Simulation.

Procedure

The Pipe flow results are displayed in a tabular format at the time selected in the results browser.

The flow results include the flows in (l/s), velocity in (m/s), head losses in (m) and gradient in (m/km).

To view the position of a pipe on the graphical display, simply highlight the pipe in the table and click on the Show button.

To print the displayed results, press the Print button.

To save results in a text file format, click on the Save to File button.

The result table can be arranged in descending or ascending order on any selected field by simply clicking on the heading of the field with your left mouse button.
Once you have selected the required state of your network, click on the print button to print the results.

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You have the option to list only selected pipes by checking the Show Selected Only option.

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Nodes
Display results for nodes

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterResultsNodes

Display the results for nodes from the Single Step analysis or the selected time step of the Time Simulation.

Procedure

The Node performance results are displayed in a tabular format at the time selected in the results browser.

The node results include the elevation of the node above sea level or chosen datum level in (m), the head in (m), the pressure in (bar) and the discharge or outflow
in (l/s).

To view the position of a node on the graphical display, simply highlight the node in the table and click the Show button.

To print the displayed results, press the Print button.

To save results in a text file format, click on the Save to File button.

The result table can be arranged in descending or ascending order on any selected field by simply clicking on the heading of the field with your left mouse button.
Once you have selected the required state of your network, click on the print button to print the results.

You have the option to list only selected nodes by checking the Show Selected Only option.

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Reservoirs
Display results for reservoirs

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterResultsReservoirs

Display the results for reservoirs in the network from the Single Step analysis or the selected time step of the Time Simulation.

Procedure

The Reservoir results will be displayed in a tabular format at the time selected in the results browser.

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To view the position of a reservoir on the graphical display, simply highlight the reservoir in the table and click the show button.

To print the displayed results, press the Print button.

To save results in a text file format, click on the Save to File button.

The result table can be arranged in descending or ascending order on any selected field by simply clicking on the heading of the field with your left mouse button.
Once you have selected the required state of your network, click on the print button to print the results.

You have the option to list only selected reservoirs by checking the Show Selected Only option.

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Pump Stations
Display results for pump stations

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterResultsPumps

Display the results for pump stations in the network from the Single Step analysis or the selected time step of the Time Simulation.

Procedure

The Pump Staion results will be displayed in a tabular format at the time selected in the results browser.

The results show the flow (l/s), head (m), efficiency (%) and power (kW). Power is understood to imply the power on the axis (not the motor power, which is
slightly higher due to the efficiency of the motor.)

To view the position of a pump on the graphical display, simply highlight the pump in the table and click the Show button.

To print the displayed results, press the Print button.

To save results in a text file format, click on the Save to File button.

The result table can be arranged in descending or ascending order on any selected field by simply clicking on the heading of the field with your left mouse button.
Once you have selected the required state of your network, click on the print button to print the results.

You have the option to list only selected pump stations by checking the Show Selected Only option.

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Valves
Display results for valves

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterResultsValves

Display the results for valves from the Single Step analysis or the selected time step of the Time Simulation.

Procedure

The Valve results will be displayed in a tabular format at the time selected in the results browser.

To view the position of a valve on the graphical display, simply highlight the valve in the table and click the show button.

To print the displayed results, press the Print button.

To save results in a text file format, click on the Save to File button.

The result table can be arranged in descending or ascending order on any selected field by simply clicking on the heading of the field with your left mouse button.
Once you have selected the required state of your network, click on the Print button to print the results.

You have the option to list only selected valves by checking the Show Selected Only option.

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Pressure Release Chambers

Display results for pressure release chambers

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterResultsChambers

Display the results of pressure release chambers in the network from the Single Step analysis or the selected time step of the Time Simulation.

Procedure

The Pressure Release Chamber results can be viewed in a tabular format at the time selected in the results browser.

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To view the position of a chamber on the graphical display, simply

highlight the valve in the table and click the show button.

To print the displayed results, press the Print button.

To save results in a text file format, click on the Save to File button.

The result table can be arranged in descending or ascending order on any selected field by simply clicking on the heading of the field with your left mouse button.
Once you have selected the required state of your network, click on the print button to print the results.

You have the option to list only selected pressure release chambers by checking the Show Selected Only option.

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Pipe Report
Display time simulation report for pipes

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterReportPipes

The Pipe report displays a summary of pipe operating parameters for the selected time simulation.

Significant difference between maximum and average flows, especially in bulk supply systems, could indicate that a pipe is not utilized properly, and that a
smaller pipe, working more uniformly, could do the job as efficiently.

Procedure

The Pipe report will be displayed:

Pipe report displays pipe operating parameters for selected time simulation:

Id Id number of the pipe

From, To Id numbers of starting and ending node
Max Flow Maximum flow that occurred in the pipe during the simulation, in l/s
Max Velocity Velocity that correspond with maximum flow, in m/s
Time Time when maximum flow occurred
Volume Volume of water conveyed during the simulation, in cubic meters. Volumes are summarized as absolute values, not as a
net balance
Avg Flow Average flow through the pipe in l/s. It is a total volume of water divided by the time span of the simulation

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Pressure Report
Display minimum and maximum pressures during the selected time simulation

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterReportPressure

The Pressure report displays a summary of maximum and minimum pressures along the length of pipe that occurred during the selected time simulation.

Pressures are evaluated for all time steps in the analysis, and in all vertical alignment points along the pipe longitudinal section. Note that pressures as indicated in
this report refer to pressures in the pipe, at the pipe invert level. They are therefore different to pressures as displayed in node results, as pressures at the nodes are
calculated at ground level.

Max and Min values do not necessarily happen in one of the nodes, they can happen in some other point along the pipe, depending on the longitudinal section.

Procedure

The Pressure report will be displayed:

Id Id number of the pipe

From, To Id numbers of starting and ending node
Max Pressure Maximum pressure that occurred in the pipe in Bar
Chainage Chainage of the point of maximum pressure
Min Pressure Minimum pressure that occurred in the pipe in Bar
Chainage Chainage of the point of minimum pressure

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Reservoir Report
Display time simulation report for reservoirs

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

Water ReportReservoir

The Reservoir report displays a summary of how the reservoir capacities were utilized during the time simulation. It is best to use it in conjunction with a graphical
representation. See also hints on sizing reservoirs.

Procedure

The Reservoir Report will be displayed:

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Id Reservoir Id number
Name Name of the reservoir
Capacity Reservoir capacity in cubic meters
Max Storage Maximum volume of water during the simulation, expressed as percentage of reservoir capacity
Min Storage Minimum volume of water during the simulation, expressed as percentage of reservoir capacity
Active Storage Percentage of reservoir capacity that was actually balancing during the simulation

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Pump Station Report

Display time simulation report for pumps

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterReportPumps

The Pump Station report displays a summary of how the pumps were utilized during the time simulation. It is best to use it in conjunction with a graphical
representation.

Procedure

The Pump Station report will be displayed:

Id Pump Station Id number

Name Pump Station name
Pump Pump ordinal in Pump Station or Total for Pump Station summary
Hours Operating hours for the pump, or total for Pump Station
m3 Volume of water pumped
kWh Energy consumption for individual pump and total for Pump Station. Energy is calculated as net input on the pump shaft.
It does not include losses due motor efficiency and other factors
kWh/m3 Ratio of energy consumption against volume of pumped water

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Pipes

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Display pipe graphs

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

Graphs are available once you have run time simulation.

Procedure

The Pipe performance graph will be displayed:

At the bottom left hand side of the graphic, scroll buttons are displayed which you can use to scroll between the elements from the first to the last or to locate an
element by Id or Name.

Options which are available are listed below and are accessed by simply clicking on the tabs at the top associated with the item:

Flow - shown in litres per second (l/s)

Velocity - shown in metres per second (m/s)

Head Loss - shown in metres (m)

Gradient - shown in metres per kilometre (m/km)

Click on the Export button to export the graph data as a CSV (comma delimited) file, or export the graph as an EMF (metafile) image.

Click on the Print button to print a graphic.

See also Retrieve Results

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Nodes
Graphs are available once you have run time simulation.

At the bottom left hand side of the graphic, scroll buttons are displayed which you can use to scroll between the elements from the first to the last or to locate an
element by Id or Name.

Options which are available are listed below and are accessed by simply clicking on the tabs at the top associated with the item:

Pressure - shown in bar (bar)

Head - shown in metres (m)

Discharge - shown in litres per second (l/s)

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Click on the Export button to export the graph data as a CSV (comma delimited) file, or export the graph as an EMF (metafile) image.

Click on the Print button to print a graphic.

See also Retrieve Results

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Reservoirs
Display reservoir graphs

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterGraphReservoirs

Graphs are available once you have run time simulation.

Procedure

The Reservoir performance graph will be displayed:

At the bottom left hand side of the graphic, scroll buttons are displayed which you can use to scroll between the elements from the first to the last or to locate an
element by Id or Name.

Options which are available are listed below and are accessed by simply clicking on the tabs at the top associated with the item:

Water Depth - shown in metres (m)

Storage - shown as a percentage (%)

Net Inflow -

Inlet Loss -

Click on the Export button to export the graph data as a CSV (comma delimited) file, or export the graph as an EMF (metafile) image.

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Click on the Print button to print a graphic.

See also Retrieve Results

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Pump Stations
Display pump graphs

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterGraphPumps

Graphs are available once you have run time simulation.

Procedure

The Pump performance graph will be displayed:

At the bottom left hand side of the graphic, scroll buttons are displayed which you can use to scroll between the elements from the first to the last or to locate an
element by Id or Name.

Options which are available are listed below and are accessed by simply clicking on the tabs at the top associated with the item:

Flow - shown in litres per second (l/s)

Head - shown in metres (m)

Efficiency - shown as a percentage (%)

Speed - shown as RPM

Click on the Print button to print a graphic.

See also Retrieve Results

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Valves
Display valve graphs

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterGraphValves

Graphs of valve performance are available once you have run time simulation.

Procedure

The Valve performance graph will be displayed.

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At the bottom left hand side of the graphic, scroll buttons are displayed which you can use to scroll between the elements from the first to the last or to locate an
element by Id or Name.

You may view the following:

Flow (l/s)

Head Loss (m)

Opening (%)

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Click on the Export button to export the graph data as a CSV (comma delimited) file, or export the graph as an EMF (metafile) image.

Click on the Print button to print a graphic.

See also Retrieve Results

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Pressure Release Chambers

Display pressure release chamber graphs

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterGraphChambers

Graphs are available for pressure release chambers once you have run a time simulation.

Procedure

The Pressure Release Chamber performance graph will be displayed.

At the bottom left hand side of the graphic, scroll buttons are displayed which you can use to scroll between the elements from the first to the last or to locate an
element by Id or Name.

Options which are available are listed below and are accessed by simply clicking on the tabs at the top associated with the item:

Inflow - shown in litres per second (l/s)

Outflow - shown in litres per second (l/s)

Head loss - shown in metres (m)

Click on the Export button to export the graph data as a CSV (comma delimited) file, or export the graph as an EMF (metafile) image.

Click on the Print button to print a graphic.

See also Retrieve Results

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Vertical Alignment
Display vertical alignment

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterVertAlign

Display the vertical alignment of one or more selected pipes.

Procedure

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Before using this function you have to select one or more pipes. The selected pipes should comprise a string of interconnected pipes.

The vertical bar on the right hand side of the window contains check boxes for items that will be displayed, either on the drawing (Hydraulic Grade Line) or in the
legend bar. Certain options, presenting results (Flow rate, Head, Pressure and Hydraulic Grade Line), are active only in case that Hydraulic Analysis was
previously performed and that there are valid results in memory.

The legend bar at the bottom of the window displays textual presentation of the longitudinal section. Scroll bar next to the legend allows vertical scrolling in case
that height of the legend exceeds available space. Horizontal scroll bar is shared by both textual and graphical part of the longitudinal section.

Editing is accomplished by using tool bar at the left of graphical window.

Select the chainage to edit

Insert an additional vertical alignment point in the pipe longsection, ie a vertical bend in the pipe.

Click to insert a bend at the cursor position. Chainage and elevation of the cursor position are displayed at the status bar
Delete a vertical alignment point from the pipe longsection.

Click near the bend to remove it.

Move an alignment point.

Click to select a bend, click again to place it at a new position. Note that strictly vertical bends, indicated by orange
vertical lines, can be moved freely in both horizontal and vertical direction, while alignment points that are both
horizontal and vertical, indicated by blue lines, can be moved only in vertical direction.
Zoom in to a defined window
Zoom to the extents of the longsection
Mark the selected point on the plan. The Annotation properties window will be displayed.
Undo
Redo

Zoom Window, Zoom In, Zoom Out and Zoom Extents work in usual way.

Display Settings DIsplay the Settings window which allows you to specify what data must be displayed.

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Depth Guide Lines Display the Depth Guide Lines window which allows you to set and activate the depth guide lines.
Selected point Displays data for the selected point. You may change the invert, cover and/or depth by typing in appropriate values.
Results Select the results from the list as well as the time step for time simulation. The Start Animation button will replay the
hydraulic grade line for each of the time steps in the time simulation.
Export Export the longsection chainage-invert level data in CSV format. See the file format below.
Import Imports long section data from an external file in chainage-invert level format .

The data format must be:

Chainage, Invert,

0, 1562.410

20,1561.000

40,1562.000

88.121,1563.714
Print Print the longsection
Export WMF Output the longsection as a WMF (Windows MetaFile)

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Pump Curves
Display a pump curve

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterPumpCurve

Display the Head-Flow-Efficiency curve for the selected pump or pump station.

Procedure

The Pump Curve will be displayed. Use the scroll buttons to view curves for the various pumps and pump stations you have modelled in your network.

The Flow, Head and Efficiency values will be updated as you move the cursor over the pump curve.

You may choose to print the graphs.

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Introduction
Water losses are usually expressed as a percentage of water usage, although there is obviously nothing that can physically relate these two phenomena.

As a way of comparing different water supply systems the percentage of losses can be quite misleading as it favours high consumption systems. A municipal water
scheme with 8% of losses and a per capita demand of 700 l/day seems to be in a much better state than the one with 20% of losses and per capita demand of 90
l/day. The actual fact is that the water losses in the first case are 56 l/day/consumer while in the second case the losses are 18 l/day/consumer. Losses per kilometre
of network would be 6.7 m3/day and 2.1 m3/day respectively.

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As a way for the spatial distribution of losses the percentage approach is even less applicable. What could possibly be a reason for water losses near the factory or
hotel to be hundreds time higher than near the connection for a residential house? The reason cannot be that the consumption itself is higher as the amount of water
flowing though the pipe does not influence leakage.

Clearly, water losses are independent of consumption and have to be evaluated and calculated independently.

To fully understand the approach to analysis of water losses implemented in the software, please start with:

Terms related to Water Losses

Parameters influencing Water Losses

Ways to establish Unit Loss

Water Loss Equation

Implementation in the software

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Settings
Edit water losses settings

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterLossesSettings

Specify the parameters to determine water losses.

Procedure

The Water Losses Settings window enables you to change the parameters for the analysis of water losses.

Exponent for
The exponent used in the calculation of water losses. A default value
Calculation of Water
of 0.8 is applicable in most cases
Losses
Press the button to enter desired value in the edit box on the right.

Set Unit Loss to

Used to assign Unit Loss from textbooks or guidelines or calculated

from Zero Consumption measurements.
Multiplies previously entered value by some factor, usually to enable
finer correlation with measured values.

Multiply Unit Loss by

This option is used to calculate the Unit Loss from recorded total real
water losses, or in design stage, if supply authority requests that
certain amount or percentage of losses must be applied.

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Set Daily Volume of

Losses to

This option requires hydraulic analysis to be performed several times

in order to adjust losses in various pressure conditions
Calculates Unit Losses from measured Night Flow. Also requires
hydraulic analysis.

Calculate Unit Loss

from Night Draw-Off

Check to apply any of previous options (except for exponent, as it is

Selected Area Only
global) to selected part of the network only.
Press to apply desired parameter change to the network. It would
Apply
automatically invoke hydraulic analysis if required.

The pane on the right hand side of the window is used to display messages and progress while hydraulic analysis is taking place.

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Report
Displays a summary of water losses

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterLossesReport

Displays a report on water losses for every time increment used in the simulation.

Procedure

The Water Losses report is displayed.

Water losses assigned to individual nodes can be viewed in the Node results.

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Graph
Display water losses graph

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterLossesGraph

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Procedure

The water losses graph is displayed.

Graphically presents results of hydraulic analysis including water losses. Summary on the right hand side displays results for Current Time (time that corresponds
to cursor position) and simulation total

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Open consumption database

Open a water consumption database

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterConsOpen

This function opens a consumption database if it exists or creates a water consumption database if one does not exist. The database has a .WCD file extension.

Procedure

The standard File Open window will be displayed. Select an existing WCD file or type in a new file name to create a new database.

The database file will be opened/created.

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Import municipal data

Import municipal billing data

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterConsImport

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This function imports and external comma or tab delimited file into the consumption database. Note the following points:

Each consumer must be designated by reference number and will be entered in the database only once.

A consumer can have multiple water meters, but in that case, each water meter must have a unique serial number.

Only one reading per day per water meter (defined by reference number / serial number / reading date combination) is allowed. Additional readings will be
rejected by the import procedure.

Procedure

Click on the Browse button to select the file to import.

The first lines of the file will be displayed.

Select the file type by clicking on either the Comma delimited or Tab delimited buttons.

Specify the row number containing the column name. In the example above it is row 1.

Specify the first row containing data to be imported. In the example above that is row 4.

Click on the Next button.

The data will be displayed in columns as shown below.

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Click on a column header to display the fields that the selected column can be allocated to.

Field descriptions

Field Name Importance Description

ReferenceNo Essential unique identifier for the customer Typically the municipal account number
StandNo Optional Stand number
Name Optional
Surname Optional
Street Optional
StreetNo Optional
Suburb Optional
Municipality Optional
Category Recommended Typically: household, body corporate, business...
YCoord
Essential Water meter coordinates
XCoord
Latitude Can be used only when DTM is present, as Terrain module performs
Alternative to Y/X coords
Longitude conversion
The water meter serial number is optional except when consumers
SerialNo Optional
have more than one meter
ReadingDate Essential Date format must be YYYY/MM/DD
Consumption Essential Measured in cubic metres
Remark Optional Any content

Click on Finish to import the data.

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Allocate connection points

Find and save network connections using water meter coordinates

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterConsPoints

This function scans the consumption database for records with valid coordinates and searches for the nearest pipe in the network. If the straight line distance
between the water meter and the nearest point on the pipe is less than the search distance the pipe ID and coordinates of the connection point will be stored in the
consumption database.

The water meters will be displayed as red diamonds and the connections as red lines between the water meter symbol and the pipe it is allocated to.

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Procedure

The connection points summary and settings will be displayed.

Summary of consumers
Total number Number of all consumers in the database
Without coordinates Number of consumers without valid coordinates
Already allocated Number of consumers whose connection to the network has already been established
Should be allocated Number of consumers that the procedure will try to allocate in this run
Parameters
Searching distance (m) Maximum allowable distance between a water meter and the nearest pipe
Override existing connections By default the procedure does not change existing connections. Check this option to force a full scan, say, after significant
network editing

Click on the Allocate button to proceed.

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Update demands
Update network demand with the consumption data

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Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterConsUpdate

This option updates the network demand with the values from the consumption database. All existing demands will be set to zero at the start of procedure.

Once started this procedure cannot be interrupted or undone.

Procedure

The Update Demands settings will be displayed.

Time Range
Start Month (inclusive) The start month and year of the update to the demands.
End Month (inclusive) The end month and year of the update to the demands.
Number of months The calculated number of months

You may specify the time span to update in the network demand. Once you are satisfied with the setting click on the Update button.

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Consumption Table
View the consumption data in a tabular format

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterConsSpread

This function displays the water consumption data in the top pane and either the original consumption data or the processed monthly consumption in the bottom
pane.

The water meters are displayed in red.

Procedure

The Consumption Table will be displayed.

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Click on the Original Data button to display the original water consumption data.

Click on the Monthly Consumption button to display the monthly consumption figures.

Click on the Show button to show the selected water meter on the layout. The selected water meter will be displayed in yellow at the centre of the layout screen.

To return to the Consumption Table simply click on the Restore button at the top right corner of the rolled up Consumption Table title bar.

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Demand Patterns
View or edit demand patterns

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterDemandPatterns

The demand for water in a water supply system varies with time (the usual terms are hourly and seasonal fluctuation in demand or in consumption). The daily
water demand distribution is modelled by means of hourly coefficients; that is the water use in any particular hour of the day, is given as a ratio of the daily
average.

The demands may be multiplied by the seasonal peak factor, if appropriate - this will have the effect of increasing all the demand values by the seasonal peak
factor. Typically hotels would experience variation in water demand during the holiday season. In rural areas the seasonal increase in water usage would
correspond with the dry period.

The coefficients of hourly variations of water use form a separate file, which is a constituent part of the program and not connected to any particular water supply
system. The standard file which forms part of the Water module contains several different daily water use distributions which are, by the author's experience, the

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most often used.

Procedure

The Demand Pattern Editor will be displayed.

Each demand pattern has a Demand Pattern Id number which is assigned to the node where the demand pattern applies. The arrow keys are used to move between
the different demand patterns.

To add a new demand pattern to the library proceed as follows:

1. Click on the [Add] button. At this point all input areas will be cleared.

2. Type a name in the Description field.

3. Type in the required Seasonal Peak factor.

4. Type in the coefficient required in table for the 24 hour period. Use the tab button to move between input windows.

5. Click on the OK button.

When next you select the demand pattern option from the data menu, your new demand pattern will be the last record listed.

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Pump Catalogue
View or edit the pump catalogue

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterPumpCatalogue

This function gives you access to the pump catalogue, allowing you to make changes such as removing a specific model that has been discontinued or adding a
new model.

Procedure

The Pump Catalogue will be displayed.

Pump Curve

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Displays a graph of the pump flow vs Head and Efficiency vs. Flow.
Pump Curve Graph As you move the cursor over the graph the Flow, Head and Efficiency
values are interpolated from the curves and updated.
Supplier Specify the supplier name
Range Specify the pump range
Model Specify the pump model
Type Specify if this is a single or multistage pump
Speed Specify the pump rotation speed
Impeller Dia (mm) Specify the diameter of the pump impeller
Number Stages Specify the number of stages
Min Flow (m3/h) Specify the minimum flow in m3/hr
Max Flow (m3/h) Specify the maximum flow in m3/hr
Use this option to display the following search parameters:

Find a Pump

Click on the Find button. If any pumps satisfy the search criteria only
they will be displayed in the Pump Catalogue. To reset the selection
click on the Cancel Selection button.

Details

General
Supplier Specify the supplier name
Range Specify the pump range
Model Specify the pump model
Type Specify if this is a single or multistage pump

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Speed Specify the pump rotation speed

Impeller Dia (mm) Specify the diameter of the pump impeller
Number Stages Specify the number of stages
Suction Dia (mm) Specify the size of the suction inlet in mm
Discharge Dia
Specify the size of the discharge outlet in mm
(mm)
Motor Size (kW) Specify the motor rating in kW
Specify 3 points on the pump curve. For each point you must specify
Pump Curve
the following:
Flow (m3/h) The flow in m3/h at this point on the curve.
Head (m) The head in m at this point on the curve.
Efficiency (%) The efficiency of the pump at this point on the curve.
Flow Range
Min Flow (m3/h) Specify the minimum flow in m3/hr
Max Flow (m3/h) Specify the maximum flow in m3/hr
Add Click on this button to add a new pump.
Delete Click on this button to delete a pump listing from the catalogue.

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Pipe Catalogue
View or edit the pipe catalogue

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterPipeCatalogue

This section gives you access to the pipe catalogue, allowing you to make changes such as removing a specific pipe that has been discontinued or adding a new
pipe.

Procedure

The Pipe Catalogue will be displayed.

Pipe Information
Material Enter a description of the pipe material
Class Specify the pipe class
Maximum Pressure (bar) Specify the maximum pressure in bar
Nominal Diameter (mm) Specify the nominal diameter, ie. the diameter that will be used when referring to this size
External Diameter (mm) Specify the external diameter of the pipe in mm. This value will be used in the clashes check and the quantity
calculations.
Internal Diameter (mm) Specify the internal diameter of the pipe in mm. This value will be used in the calculations.
Wall Thickness (mm) Specify the wall thickness in mm.
Mass (kg/m) Specify the mass of the pipe in kg per m length
Roughness (mm) Specify the roughness of the pipe in mm. This will be used in hydraulic calculations.
Filter The filter option allows you to only view a specific group of pipes in the catalogue, for instance, only the uPVC pipes
greater than 200mm and less than 400mm.
Material Specify the material to be listed
Minimum Diameter (mm) Specify the minimum diameter to be listed (optional)
Maximum Diameter (mm) Specify the maximum diameter to be listed (optional)
Apply Filter Click on this button to apply the filter to the catalogue.
Clear Filter Click on this button to reset or clear the filter.

Adding a pipe

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In order to add a pipe to the library, ensure that you have the manufacturer's specifications on hand and click on the add button.

A blank copy of the pipe catalogue entry will be displayed. Enter the details and press the OK button.

Filter

You can use a filter for viewing purposes, for example you wish to view only Asbestos Cement pipes to save time scrolling through the database. Simply select
Asbestos Cement pipes and click on Apply Filter to narrow down your selection.

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Select Catalogue
Select an existing catalogue file to be used

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterPipeCatalogue

Select an existing pipe catalogue to use with the Water module. For instance, you might have multiple pipe catalogues and require a specific one to use with this
project.

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Convert catalogue
Convert an existing Catalogue.mdb file to the new CD2013 format

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterPipeCatalogue

Convert a Civil Designer 2011 Pipe catalogue into the new CivDes 2013 format.

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Update catalogue
Update the catalogue from a file

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterUpdateCatalogue

Update the pipe catalogue from an existing file.

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Duplicate Nodes
Check for duplicate nodes

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterDuplicateNodes

Scan the network for duplicate nodes.

Procedure

The system will scan the network for duplicate nodes and display the results in the following window.

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Start/End Nodes
Check pipe start and end nodes

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterStartEndNodes

Procedure

The system will scan the network for xxx nodes and display the results in the following window.

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Duplicate Pipes
Check for duplicate pipes

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterDuplicatePipes

Scan the network for duplicate pipes.

Procedure

The system will scan the network for duplicate pipes and display the results in the following window.

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Near Nodes
Check for near nodes

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterNearNodes

Check for nodes that are near to each other and change the pipe connections to the nodes that could be combined.

Procedure

The system will scan the network for nodes that are near to each other and display the results in the following window.

Connect to 1st Connect the pipe(s) that connect to the two near nodes to the first node only.
Connect to 2nd Connect the pipe(s) that connect to the two near nodes to the second node only.
Show Show the two selected nodes.

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Internal Diameters
Check internal and outside diameters

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterCheckDia

Procedure

The system will scan the pipe data and report on errors in the xxxxx.

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Check Connections
Checks which pipes could be connected

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterCheckConnections

This function displays a list of pipes that could be connected to nearby nodes.

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Procedure

After selecting an item from the list the pipe that will be split to make a connection and the connecting node are selected on the plan view to allow for visual
inspection.

Click on the Connect button to create a connection in the selected node and update the list.

Click on the Connect All button will connect all pipes in the list.

Click on the Print button will create a printout of the list.

To zoom in or out around the connecting node use keyboard buttons 'M' or 'D' or the mouse wheel.

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Check Crossed Pipes

Check for crossing pipes

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterCheckCrossed

This function checks for pipes that cross each other but are not connected.

Procedure

Upon activation this function displays a list of pipes that are crossing each other without being connected. After selecting an item from the list two pipes in
question will be selected on the plan view.

Print Select the Print option to create a printout of the list.

Connect Select the Connect option to create a connection at the crossing point and update the list.
Connect All Select the Connect All option to connect all the pipes in the list.

To zoom in or out around the crossing point use keyboard buttons 'M' or 'D' or the mouse wheel.

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Clashes
Check for clashes between two services

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

GraphicalClashes

This function checks for clashes between any two services such as sewer, storm, water, roads or other services defined in the pipe database. The second service
must be part of the project. See Project Settings for details on setting up a project.

Procedure

The Service Clashes window is displayed. Select which two services to test for clashes in the drop down lists and specify the clearance required between the

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services. In the example above the program will test the sewer and stormwater networks for a clearance of 0.5m between links.

Click on the Check button to start the analysis. As a clash is found the details are displayed on the table as shown below.

In the example above the sewer culvert LMH 8 clashes with the storm culvert LMH 106. To view the clash right click on the row of interest and a menu with two
options will open.

The Show Clash option will change the Design Centre display to position the clash on the centre of the screen as shown in the following illustration.

The Vertical Alignment option will display a longitudinal section of the chosen branch as well as a symbol indicating the crossing service.

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Click on the Close button to return to the Clashes Dialog.

Click on the Close button to return to the Design Centre.

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Update Elevations
Update node elevations and pipe long sections

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterUpdateElevations

Update the node elevations and pipe longsections from levels extracted from the specified Ground Level surface.

Procedure

The levels are extracted and updated.

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Hydraulic Grade Contours

Generates hydraulic grade contours

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterHydGradeContours

This function generates the hydraulic grade elevations as a terrain surface to that you can display the hydraulic grade contours. The surface is called <Water
HydGrade>.

Procedure

The terrain surface is generated and the following message displayed.

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To display the contours set the contour surface in the Display Settings to the <Water HydGrade> surface.

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Pressure Contours
Generates pressure contours

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterPressureContours

This function generates the pressures at the nodes as a terrain surface to that you can display the hydraulic grade contours. The surface is called <Water Pressure>.

Procedure

The terrain surface is generated and the following message displayed.

To display the contours set the contour surface in the Display Settings to the <Water Pressure> surface.

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Graphical Add Crossing Service

Add crossing services graphically

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

RD_GRAPHICALADDCROSSING

Add services to the crossing services database by indicating start and end positions of the services on the drawing.

Procedure

The following prompt will be displayed:

Indicate Start node of Crossing Link

Position the cursor on the start point of the crossing service and click.

The program will prompt:

Indicate Next node of Crossing Link

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Indicate the end of the crossing service. The Crossing Services window will be displayed so that you can fill in additional attributes of the crossing service.

Specify the service name, type, size, invert levels and the layer the service must be displayed on. Click [OK] to accept and enter into the services database.

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Crossing Services Editor

Add crossing services into the crossing services database

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

RD_SHOWCROSSINGDIALOG

This option displays all the crossing services in a spreadsheet. Add services to the crossing services database by filling in the spreadsheet.

Procedure

The Crossing Services spreadsheet will be displayed.

Add crossing services by entering each service in a row.

The [Add new Tab] button allows you to define a new crossing service database, ie. GPO or Electrical Services.

You will be allowed to specify the name for the new crossing service. This name will also be used for the

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Import from ASCII

Import ASCII data into the Crossing Services database

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

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RD_IMPORTCROSSINGASCII

This routine enables you to Import ASCII data in various formats into the Crossing Services Database.

Procedure

The standard Open window is displayed in order for you to select a file to import. The drive and path automatically default to the last used drive and directory for
this type of file.

The drop down list of file types presents data files (*.dat), Comma separated values (*.csv) and All Files (*.*).

Select the appropriate type. Use "All files" if your ASCII file does not have a .dat or .csv extension, and then type in the extension yourself in the file name edit
box. Dat files can still be comma delimited - The csv option is given merely to simplify exchange with other programs that read/ write csv files.

Once you have selected the file to import and clicked on the OK button, the Pipe ASCII Import dialog is displayed.

Look at the 25 line extraction of the ASCII file and select the appropriate File Type option.

Press NEXT to display one of the following dialogs.

If you have selected the Fixed Column option then the following dialog will be displayed:

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Graphically indicate where the field breaks should be, right click to delete a break.

Press NEXT to display the following Page:

Click of the Column headings and select the appropriate Filed name for each column.

Press FINISH to import the data.

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Import Drawing
Import drawing data into the Pipe Database spreadsheet

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

RD_IMPORTCROSSINGDRG

This routine enables you to Import drawing entities into the Crossing Services Editor.

Procedure

The Extract Pipes from Drawing dialog will be displayed.

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Select the appropriate options and press OK.

The data will be added to the active database after you closed the spreadsheet and saved.

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Generate
To generate a plot on a separate layout

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

PLOTGENERATE Misc

This function allows you to generate a plan, cross section, long section or any combination of these in a separate layout window or drawing file suitable for
printing or saving.

The Sheet File will determine what is generated depending on what has been defined in the sheet file and what project data is available.

Procedure

You may generate the following drawing types with the standard sheet files:

Drawing Type Sheet file Description

Plan Plan.sht A simple plan layout of a drawing with one or more services.
Plan.sht
Key Plan A key plan of multiple plan sheets showing the position and number of each sheet in the set.
Road Composite.sht
Single Carriageway
Longsection.sht
Road Long Section A long section of a single road or all the roads in a project
Dual Carriageway Longsection.sht
Cross Section.sht
Road Cross Section Cross sections of a single road or all the roads in a project
Cross Section Allpoints.sht
Road Combo Road Composite.sht A combined drawing with a plan layout, long section and cross sections
Sewer Long Section Sewer Longsection.sht A drawing with one or more longsections of a sewer network
Storm Long Section Storm Longsection.sht A drawing with one or more longsections of a storm network
Water Longsection.sht
Water Long Section A drawing with one or more longsections of a water network
Water Longsection Double.sht

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Force Dynamic Generate

Force a dynamic update of a plot set

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

PLOTREGENERATE

This function forces an update of a set of layouts associated with a specific plot set.

Procedure

A layout must be selected from the tabs at the bottom of the drawing window.

The program will update all the layouts associated with the selected plot set.

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Delete Plot Set

Delete an entire plot set

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

PLOTDELETE Misc

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This function deletes an entire plot set of layouts as opposed to deleting a single layout.

This function cannot be undone.

Procedure

In the drawing below we have a plot set with the layout tabs Plan1 through to Plan4. Use this function if you want to delete all 4 layouts in one operation.

Select one of the layouts which belongs to the plot set you wish to delete and then select the function from the menu or click on the icon in the Misc toolbar. The
following confirmation message will be displayed:

Click on Yes to delete all the layouts associated with this plot set or No to cancel this function.

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Rename Plot Set

Rename a plot set

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

PLOTRENAME

This function allows you to rename an entire set of layouts according to the plot set convention.

Procedure

The program will read the plot set's base name and display it in the Control Bar along with the following prompt:

Type in a new base name for the plot set. For instance, in the example above the plot set was called Plan1, Plan2, Plan3, etc. Type in "Plan Phase 1-" to rename all
the layouts to "Plan Phase 1-1", "Plan Phase 1-2", "Plan Phase 1-3", etc.

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Publish Layout
Save one or more layouts as individual drawings

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

PUBLISH Misc

This function converts one or more layouts into individual drawings in DR4, DWG or DXF file format.

The Publish function will embed all sub-drawings and blocks in the drawing files so that they can be archived independently of any exterior data. The resulting
file's name will be appended with the name of the Layout, ie. if the layout was called "Detail" and the drawing file is called "My Drawing" the published file will
be called "My Drawing_Detail"

Procedure

A list of existing layouts will be displayed in the following window:

List of Layouts A list of all the layouts in the drawing. If the box is checked the layout will be published.
Select All Click this button to select all the layouts.
Select None Click this button to deselect all the layouts.
Action
Print the selected layouts Select this option to print the layouts
Select this option to save each of the selected layouts as a new drawing (Publish). The following 2 options will be
Save the selected layouts as new drawings
available:
Check this option to publish the layouts in survey coordinates. This option is only available for drawing with
Export to Survey
survey coordinates.
Check this option to publish all the data with a height value (z coordinate). In effect this option will create a 3D
Publish viewports as 3D
drawing.

Select the layouts you want to publish and click OK. The standard File Save window will be displayed.

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You may save in any of the following file formats:

Specify the directory and base file name and click on Save. The published drawing will be saved and the following confirmation message displayed.

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Insert Layout
Add a new paperspace layout to the drawing.

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

INSERTLAYOUT Misc

Layouts are intended primarily for plotting views of thedrawing space. You may enter an appropriate name for the new layout and set up the layout's paper size,
orientation, units and scale.

Once a layout has been defined you may add one or more named viewports.

Procedure

The drawing below does not have a layout, only the drawing space which is labelled by the Drawing tab.

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To add a layout page to the drawing select Layouts ► Insert Layout or left click on the icon in the Misc toolbar or right click on the Drawing or layout tabs and
select Insert Layout from the pop-up context menu. You will be prompted:

The name must be unique (it may not be the same name as an existing layout). Type the new name for the layout and then press Enter or click on the Enter button.
The Layout Settings will be displayed and you can set up the layout's paper size, orientation, units and scale.

Modify the layout settings as necessary and then click OK.

You will be asked if you want to add a default viewport to the layout. The default viewport is a view of the drawing space contained by the paper limits or as much
of it as can be displayed at your chosen sheet size and scale.

The new paper layout will be created and will be set as the current layout.

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You can also change the scale and sheet size by right clicking on the Layouts tab and selecting the Layout Settings option from the pop-up context menu.

This will display the Layout Settings and you can change the layout's paper size, orientation, units and scale. You can select the background colour for your layout
in the View Settings menu

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Rename current layout

Allows you to change the name of the current layout

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

RENAMELAYOUT Misc

Rename an existing layout with a maximum of 32 alpha-numeric characters.

Procedure

The image below shows the screen with a layout named "Layout 1" added to the drawing.

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To rename the current layout, select Layouts ► Rename current layout or right click on the Layouts tab and select the Rename Layout option from the pop-up
context menu.

You will be prompted:

Type in the new name for the layout.

Press Enter or click on the Enter button. The name will be changed in the layout tab.

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Delete current layout

Remove the currently selected layout from the drawing

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

DELETELAYOUT Misc

Remove a currently active layout page from the drawing.

Deleting layouts cannot be undone using the Undo function.

Procedure

The drawing below has a layout called Layout 1.

To remove a layout page from a drawing select Layouts ► Delete current layout or left click on the icon in the toolbar or right click on the Layouts tab and select
the Delete Layout option from the pop-up context menu.

You will be asked to confirm the deletion.

If you select Yes the layout will be removed from the drawing.

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Display Settings
Opens the Display Settings

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

DisplaySettings F10 Misc

This function allows you to specify the items that should shown in the graphical display and the manner in which they should be displayed.

Procedure

The Display Settings are displayed.

Fill in the relevant data and click the OK button to continue.

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Water Specific Settings

Edit Water specific settings

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Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterSettings

This option displays settings that are specific to the water project.

Procedure

The Project Settings are displayed.

DTM Settings Used for obtaining information for ground elevations as well as for quantity calculations.
Ground level Specify the terrain surface to be used to extract ground level data.
Intermediate material Specify the terrain surface to be used to extract intermediate material level data.
Hard material Specify the terrain surface to be used to extract hard material level data.
Fluid properties
Dynamic viscosity (kg/m/s) Specify the dynamic viscosity of the fluid being modelled
Density (kg/m3) Specify the density of the fluid being modelled
Advanced These parameters relate to the advanced simulation option for multi-storey buildings
Exponent for discharge/pressure link Exponent referred to in the advanced method equation.
Reference pressure (bar) Reference pressure referred to in the advanced method equation.

The fluid characteristics may also be changed should the analysis be required for fluids other than water.

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Selection Filters
Set filter for selecting Water entities

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

This menu allows you to set certain limits to the selection criteria. You may perhaps want to select pipes between 30mm diameter and 160mm diameter.

Procedure

The Selection Filter is displayed.

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Selection details for the following items can be specified:

Filter List Displays the current parameters set for the filter. The selection criteria are cumulative.
Remove Remove a selection item by selecting it in the Filter List and clicking on the Remove button.
Reset Clear all the selection criteria.
Make a Filter The set of parameters allows you to define the filter in an easy and interactive manner.
Entities list Specify the water entity to be selected. Options are:

Depending on the entity type the properties list will be updated.

Properties list The Properties list will display the specific properties of the selected entity. The following properties are available for
each entity type:

All Entities
Pipes

Nodes

Reservoirs

Pump Stations

Chambers

Depending on the property you select the filter will display different parameters. For instance, should you select Pipes as
the entity type, and Diameter as the property you will be able to define the following operators:

If we want to select all pipes with a diameter of 75mm simply select the = operator and select the 75mm size option from
the last list.

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Now click on the Append button to add the selection criteria to the Filter List.
Append button Appends the current selection criteria to the Filter List
Substitute button Replaces the selection criteria highlighted in the Filter List with the current selection criteria. For instance, if you wanted
to replace the criteria of diameter = 160mm with diameter = 75mm simply do the following:

Highlight the criteria you want to replace in the Filter List.

Set the correct criteria and click on the Substitute button.

The Filter List will be updated.

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Pipe Defaults
Edit pipe defaults

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterPipeDefaults

This function allows the user to:

Set the defaults for pipes that are going to be added next.

Set new defaults for selected pipes. The pipes are selected, new defaults specified and then applied to the selection by clicking on the Apply button.

Take defaults from a specific pipe by using the Take From button and then indicating the pipe with the desired settings.

Default options that can be set are, Material, Pressure class, Nominal diameter, Cover, Roughness and Minor loss coefficient.

Procedure

The Pipe Defaults are displayed.

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Select the default pipe criteria. The pipes must be in the Pipe Catalogue.

Material Select a material from the list

Pressure Class Select a pressure class from the list
Nominal Diameter (mm) Select a diameter from the list
Internal Diameter (mm) The internal diameter will be updated based on the nominal diameter selection. You may override this value.
Outside Diameter (mm) The external diameter will be updated based on the nominal diameter selection. You may override this value.
Cover (mm) Specify the minimum cover to the pipe
Roughness (mm) Specify the roughness coefficient of the pipe
Minor Losses Coefficient Specify the minor loss coefficient
Bedding Class Select the bedding class from the list

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Node Defaults
Edit node defaults

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

WaterNodeDefaults

This section allows the user to:

Set the defaults for nodes that are going to be added next.

Set new defaults for selected nodes. The nodes are selected, the new defaults specified and then applied to the selection by clicking on the Apply button.

Take defaults from a specific node by using the Take From button and then indicating the node with the desired settings.

Procedure

Node Defaults is divided into three areas namely:

Preset Discharge

Preset Pressure

Pressure Related Discharge

Preset Discharge
Demand Specify the average demand in l/s
Demand Pattern Select a demand pattern by clicking on the [...] button to display the Demand Pattern database.
Height to the top floor (m) Specify the height to the top floor for the advanced analysis method for multi-storey buildings

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Disable Discharge Adjustments by Check this option to disable the adjustment of the discharge by pressure during the analysis
Pressure
Preset Pressure
Pressure Specify the pressure at the node in bar.
Pressure Related Discharge
Discharge at 1 bar (l/s) Specify the discharge at 1 bar of pressure measured in litres per second

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View Settings
Personalize the view settings

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

VIEWSETTINGS Settings

Configure the General, Points, Grid Settings, Visibility and Magnification settings.

Procedure

There are a number of view settings that may be personalised. Select Settings ► View Settings or click on the icon on the Settings toolbar. The View Settings will
be displayed.

The General settings are displayed and you may also change the Points, Grid Settings, Visibility and Magnification settings.

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File Settings
View or edit the drawing file properties and summary information

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

FILESETTINGS Settings

Edit or view the drawing file's summary information including the drawing file's description, department, start date, date stored, date plotted, time spent on the
drawing and the file size. You can also set the Digital rights management settings which are used to configure user access to the drawing file.

Procedure

To view the drawing file's summary information you select Settings ► File Settings. The File Settings will be displayed:

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You may now edit the drawing file's Description, Department and Draughtsman information. The Date started, Date stored, Date plotted, Time spent and File size
are all captured automatically for you.

Click on the Settings button to display the Digital rights management options. This is used to configure the user access rights to a drawing file.

To add a password, click on the Change or Password button and the Password dialog will appear.

Type in the password and confirm it. Press OK to accept the password and Cancel to discard the password and return to the Digital rights management dialog.
Once a password is typed and accepted the Loading, Saving, Plotting, Modifying and Cutting and pasting options will be made available. Click on the options you
would to control. A tick is placed in the check box once an option is selected.

Click OK to save the changes and close the Digital rights management or Cancel to discard any changes.

The options will be locked once saved and you will not be able to select them.

You can edit them by clicking on the Change button. The Password dialog will appear and you can enter the password and click OK.

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The Digital rights management dialog will become active once again and you can make any required changes to the selection.

Remember that you will be required to enter the password with each selection made when wanting to perform that function.

Once you have completed making changes to the File Settings, you can click OK to save your changes and close the File Settings dialog.

Click Cancel to discard the changes and close the File Settings dialog.

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System Settings
Configure the global system settings of the program

Icon Command Shortcut Key Toolbar

SYSTEMSETTINGS Settings

Personalize the program by means of global system settings.

Procedure

There are a number of global system settings that may be personalised. Select Settings ► System Settings to display the System Settings.

The General settings are displayed and you can click on the Legacy, Drawing Saving, Crash Recovery Settings , Geometry , Rendering , Visual Indicators,
Messages, Tools, Maximum Thresholds, Image Tiling, Autoload, Version Check, Recent Files, Drawing Office Manager and Undo/Redo tabs to display and edit
any of these settings.

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