Problems

2.1 Determine the v components of velocity to within an additive constant

which will satisfy continuity for each of the following
(a) u  x 2 y
(d) u 
x  y2
2

(b) u  6 x  xy x
(e) u  2
x  y2
(c) u  x 2  x (f) u  2xy 2
2.2 Which of the following flows satisfy continuity for an incompressible
fluid flow; and of these, which are rotational (typical of a viscous fluid) and
which are irrotational (typical of nonviscous fluid) ?
(a) u  x 2 cos y ; and v  2 x sin y
(b) u  x  2 ; and v  1  y
(c) u  ln x  y ; and v  xy  y x
(d) u  x  y ; and v  x  y
2.3 The radial velocity component in an incompressible, two–dimensional
flow field is v r  2r  3r 2 sin  ,

Determine the corresponding tangential velocity component v .

2.4 Given the following velocity field
V  x 2 i  yx j  t 2 k

and the density distribution given as    0 1  0.01x  . What is the rate of

change of density at a position 2, 2, 0 at time t  2 s ?  0 is constant.

2.5 For a certain incompressible flow field it is suggested that the velocity
components are given by the equations
u  x2 y , v  4y3z , w  2z
Is this a physical flow field? Explain.
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2.6 A nonviscous flow has the following velocity field:
  
V  x 2  y 2 i  2 xy  y  j  16t 2  z k 
The density  is considered constant. What is the rate of change of pressure
in the x  direction at position (1, 2, 0)? Is the pressure variation in any
coordinate direction changing with time? What is the time variation at
(1,0,2 ) ?
2.7 Show that the velocity field

u  B x2  y2 ,  v  2 Bxy , w0 (B is a constant)
Satisfies the continuity equation for inviscid incompressible flow.
Determine the pressure associated with this velocity field.
2.8 The two-dimensional velocity field for an incompressible Newtonian
fluid is described by the relationship
   
V  12 xy 2  6 x 3 i  18 x 2 y  4 y 3 j

Where the velocity has units of m/s when x and y are in meters. Determine
the stresses  xx ,  yy and  xy at the point x  0.5 m, y  1.0 m if pressure at

this point is 6 kPa and the fluid is glycerin at 20 0 C. .

2.9 Two horizontal, infinite, parallel plates are spaced a distance b apart.
Viscous liquid is contained between the plates. The bottom plate is fixed,
and the upper plate moves parallel to the bottom plate with a velocity U .
The liquid motion is caused by the liquid being dragged along by the
moving boundary. There is no pressure gradient in the direction of flow.
(a) Start with the Navier–Stokes equations and determine the velocity
distribution between the plates.

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(b) Determine an expression for the flow rate passing between the plates (for
a unit width). Express your answer in terms of b and U .
2.10 Consider the fully, developed two-dimensional, steady laminar flow
between two parallel plates. The upper plate is moving with velocity U in
the flow direction. The lower plate is stationary. For incompressible flow
with constant viscosity the velocity components are given by:

u
y
h
U
1 dp
2 dx

yh  y 2 ,  v  0, w0

(a) Show that the velocity components satisfy the boundary conditions and
the equation of continuity
(b) If the body forces are neglected, show that these components satisfy
Navier-Stokes equations
(c) Show that the volumetric flow rate per unit width is given by
Uh 1 P h 3
Q 
2 2 x 6
2.11 Water flows steadily between fixed, horizontal, parallel plates. The
pressure drop per unit length along the channel is 20 kPa m , and the
distance between the plates is 4 mm. The flow is laminar. Determine:
(a) The volume rate of flow (per meter of width),
(b) The shearing stress acting on the bottom plate.
(c) The velocity along the centerline of the channel.
2.12 Two immiscible, incompressible, viscous fluids having the same
densities but different viscosities are contained between two infinite,
horizontal, parallel plates. The bottom plate is fixed and the upper plate
moves with a constant velocity U . Determine the velocity at the interface.
Express your answer in terms of U , 1 , and  2 . The motion of the fluid is
caused entirely by the movement of the upper plate; that is, there is no

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 pressure gradient in the x direction. The fluid velocity and shearing stress
are continuous across the interface between the two fluids. Assume laminar
flow.

2.13 The viscous, incompressible flow between the parallel plates shown in
Fig. is caused by both the motion of the bottom plate and a pressure
gradient, P x. Determine the relationship between U and P x so that
the shearing stress acting on the fixed plate is zero.

2.14 The flow pattern in bearing lubrication can be illustrated by Fig. where
a viscous oil  ,   is forced into the gap hx  between a fixed slipper
block and a wall moving at velocity U . If the gap is thin, h  L, it can be

shown that the pressure and velocity distributions are of the form P  Px  ,

u  u y  , v  w  0 . Neglecting gravity, reduce the Navier–Stokes

equations to a single differential equation for u y . show that:

u
1 dP 2
2 dx
  y
y  yh  U 1  
 h
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where h  hx may be an arbitrary slowly varying gap width.

2.15 SAE 10 oil at 20 0 C flows between parallel plates 8 cm apart, as in Fig.

A mercury manometer, with wall pressure taps 1 m apart, registers a 6 cm
height, as shown. Estimate the flow rate of oil for this condition.

2.16 A layer of viscous liquid of constant thickness (no velocity

perpendicular to plate) flows steadily down an infinite, inclined plane.
Determine, by means of the Navier–Stokes equations, the relationship
between the thickness of the layer and the discharge per unit width. The
flow is laminar.
2.17 A fluid of density flows steadily downward between the two vertical,
infinite, parallel plates shown in the figure. The flow is fully developed and

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 laminar. Make use of the Navier–Stokes equation to determine the
relationship between the discharge and the other parameters involved, for
the case in which the change in pressure along the channel is zero.
2.18 Water at 20 0 C flows between two parallel horizontal plates separated
by a distance of 8 mm. The lower plate is stationary and the upper plate
moves at 4 m s to the right. Assuming a laminar flow, what pressure
gradient is needed such that:
(a) The shear stress at the upper plate is zero
(b) The shear stress at the lower plate is zero
(c) The flow rate is zero
(d) The velocity at y  4 mm is 4 m s.
2.19 A liquid flows through a 2 cm diameter pipe at a rate of 20 L every
minute. Assume a laminar flow and estimate the pressure drop over 20 m of
length in the horizontal pipe for
(a) Water (b) SAE 10 oil and (c) glycerin.
2.20 The velocity of heavy oil flowing through a tube of radius r0 is known
to vary with distance r from the center line according to the expression
2Q r02  r 2
v
 .r02 r02
Determine the maximum velocity if the tube carrying 1 L s , and r0  2.5 cm.
2.21 (a) Show that for Poiseuille flow in a tube of radius R the magnitude of
the wall shearing stress,  rz can be obtained from the relationship:

 rz wall  4Q
 .R 2
(b) Determine the magnitude of the wall shearing stress for a fluid having a
viscosity of 0.003 N .s m 2 flowing with an average velocity of 100 mm s
in a 2 mm diameter tube.
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