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Grade 11 Pre-Calculus Second Quarter Reviewer

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26 views2 pages

Grade 11 Pre-Calculus Second Quarter Reviewer

Uploaded by

cabilifrenzey13
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Grade 11 Pre-Calculus Second Quarter Reviewer

Angles and Circles

1. An angle is a plain figure formed by two rays that share a common endpoint, known as the
vertex. The rays are called the sides of the angle. Angles are measured in degrees or radians,
and they play a critical role in defining circular functions and solving geometric problems.

2. The unit circle is a circle with a radius of one unit. It is a fundamental concept in trigonometry
and serves as the basis for defining the trigonometric functions sine, cosine, tangent, and their
reciprocals. The unit circle helps to establish the relationships between angles and their
corresponding coordinates on the circle.

Trigonometric Functions and the Unit Circle


3. Trigonometric functions, also referred to as circular functions, relate the angles of a triangle to
the lengths of its sides. On the unit circle, these functions correspond to specific coordinates:
- Sine: Represents the y-coordinate of a point on the circle.
- Cosine: Represents the x-coordinate of a point on the circle.
- Tangent: Defined as the ratio of sine to cosine (τan θ = sin θ / cos θ).

4. Other functions like cosecant, secant, and cotangent are reciprocals of sine, cosine, and
tangent, respectively.

Special Angles and Relationships


5. Angles in standard position have their initial side along the positive x-axis. Coterminal angles
share the same terminal side but differ by the number of full rotations. To find coterminal angles,
add or subtract multiples of 360° (or 2π radians).

6. Quadrantal angles, located at the x- and y-axes, include 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. Reference
angles are the acute angles formed between the terminal side of an angle and the x-axis,
simplifying the evaluation of trigonometric functions.

Transformations in Trigonometry
7. Trigonometric functions can undergo transformations that affect their graphs:
- Phase Shift: A horizontal shift of the graph to the right or left.
- Amplitude: The height of the wave from its midline.
- Period: The length of one complete cycle of the wave, determined by 2π/b, where b is the
coefficient of x.
- Vertical Shift: An upward or downward movement of the graph.

8. These transformations allow for a deeper understanding of wave behavior and are essential
in modeling periodic phenomena.

## Equations and Identities


Trigonometric equations can be classified into conditional equations and identities:
- Conditional Equations: True only for specific values of the variable.
For example, sin x = 1/2 holds true for x = 30° and x = 150° in the interval [0°, 360°].

- Identities: Always true for all values within their domain. Examples include the Pythagorean
identity sin² x + cos² x = 1 and double-angle formulas such as sin(2x) = 2 sin x cos x.

Real-Life Applications of Trigonometry


10. Trigonometry is applied in various fields, including engineering, physics, and architecture.
For instance, calculating the length of a wire supporting a pole involves understanding right
triangles. If a wire is fastened 20 feet from the ground and anchored 15 feet away from the
base, the length of the wire can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem: √(20² + 15²) = 25
feet.

In another example, determining the distance between two points or the height of a structure
often involves the use of trigonometric ratios and functions.

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